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Samona EA, Chowdury A, Kopchick J, Thomas P, Rajan U, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Amirsadri A, Haddad L, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. The importance of covert memory consolidation in schizophrenia: Dysfunctional network profiles of the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111805. [PMID: 38447230 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Altered brain network profiles in schizophrenia (SCZ) during memory consolidation are typically observed during task-active periods such as encoding or retrieval. However active processes are also sub served by covert periods of memory consolidation. These periods are active in that they allow memories to be recapitulated even in the absence of overt sensorimotor processing. It is plausible that regions central to memory formation like the dlPFC and the hippocampus, exert network signatures during covert periods. Are these signatures altered in patients? The question is clinically relevant because real world learning and memory is facilitated by covert processing, and may be impaired in schizophrenia. Here, we compared network signatures of the dlPFC and the hippocampus during covert periods of a learning and memory task. Because behavioral proficiency increased non-linearly, functional connectivity of the dlPFC and hippocampus [psychophysiological interaction (PPI)] was estimated for each of the Early (linear increases in performance) and Late (asymptotic performance) covert periods. During Early periods, we observed hypo-modulation by the hippocampus but hyper-modulation by dlPFC. Conversely, during Late periods, we observed hypo-modulation by both the dlPFC and the hippocampus. We stitch these results into a conceptual model of network deficits during covert periods of memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias A Samona
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - John Kopchick
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Luay Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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2
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Stanley JA, Daugherty AM, Gorey CR, Thomas P, Khatib D, Chowdury A, Rajan U, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Diwadkar VA. Basal glutamate in the hippocampus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: Relationships to cognitive proficiency investigated with structural equation modelling. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:730-740. [PMID: 36999359 PMCID: PMC10591941 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2197653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia is characterised by deficits across multiple cognitive domains and altered glutamate related neuroplasticity. The purpose was to investigate whether glutamate deficits are related to cognition in schizophrenia, and whether glutamate-cognition relationships are different between schizophrenia and controls. METHODS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 Tesla was acquired from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and hippocampus in 44 schizophrenia participants and 39 controls during passive viewing visual task. Cognitive performance (working memory, episodic memory, and processing speed) was assessed on a separate session. Group differences in neurochemistry and mediation/moderation effects using structural equation modelling (SEM) were investigated. RESULTS Schizophrenia participants showed lower hippocampal glutamate (p = .0044) and myo-Inositol (p = .023) levels, and non-significant dlPFC levels. Schizophrenia participants also demonstrated poorer cognitive performance (p < .0032). SEM-analyses demonstrated no mediation or moderation effects, however, an opposing dlPFC glutamate-processing speed association between groups was observed. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal glutamate deficits in schizophrenia participants are consistent with evidence of reduced neuropil density. Moreover, SEM analyses indicated that hippocampal glutamate deficits in schizophrenia participants as measured during a passive state were not driven by poorer cognitive ability. We suggest that functional MRS may provide a better framework for investigating glutamate-cognition relationships in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Stanley
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ana M. Daugherty
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Patricia Thomas
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Luay Haddad
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Hasan SM, Huq MS, Chowdury AZ, Baajour S, Kopchick J, Robison AJ, Thakkar KN, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Thomas P, Khatib D, Rajan U, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. Learning without contingencies: A loss of synergy between memory and reward circuits in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2023; 258:21-35. [PMID: 37467677 PMCID: PMC10521382 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Motivational deficits in schizophrenia may interact with foundational cognitive processes including learning and memory to induce impaired cognitive proficiency. If such a loss of synergy exists, it is likely to be underpinned by a loss of synchrony between the brains learning and reward sub-networks. Moreover, this loss should be observed even during tasks devoid of explicit reward contingencies given that such tasks are better models of real world performance than those with artificial contingencies. Here we applied undirected functional connectivity (uFC) analyses to fMRI data acquired while participants engaged in an associative learning task without contingencies or feedback. uFC was estimated and inter-group differences (between schizophrenia patients and controls, n = 54 total, n = 28 patients) were assessed within and between reward (VTA and NAcc) and learning/memory (Basal Ganglia, DPFC, Hippocampus, Parahippocampus, Occipital Lobe) sub-networks. The task paradigm itself alternated between Encoding, Consolidation, and Retrieval conditions, and uFC differences were quantified for each of the conditions. Significantly reduced uFC dominated the connectivity profiles of patients across all conditions. More pertinent to our motivations, these reductions were observed within and across classes of sub-networks (reward-related and learning/memory related). We suggest that disrupted functional connectivity between reward and learning sub-networks may drive many of the performance deficits that characterize schizophrenia. Thus, cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may in fact be underpinned by a loss of synergy between reward-sensitivity and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sazid M Hasan
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, USA
| | - Munajj S Huq
- Michigan State University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | - Asadur Z Chowdury
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Shahira Baajour
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - John Kopchick
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - A J Robison
- Dept. of Physiology, Michigan State University, USA
| | | | - Luay Haddad
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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4
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Meram ED, Baajour S, Chowdury A, Kopchick J, Thomas P, Rajan U, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. The topology, stability, and instability of learning-induced brain network repertoires in schizophrenia. Netw Neurosci 2023; 7:184-212. [PMID: 37333998 PMCID: PMC10270714 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of graph theoretic methods applied to task-based data in schizophrenia (SCZ). Tasks are useful for modulating brain network dynamics, and topology. Understanding how changes in task conditions impact inter-group differences in topology can elucidate unstable network characteristics in SCZ. Here, in a group of patients and healthy controls (n = 59 total, 32 SCZ), we used an associative learning task with four distinct conditions (Memory Formation, Post-Encoding Consolidation, Memory Retrieval, and Post-Retrieval Consolidation) to induce network dynamics. From the acquired fMRI time series data, betweenness centrality (BC), a metric of a node's integrative value was used to summarize network topology in each condition. Patients showed (a) differences in BC across multiple nodes and conditions; (b) decreased BC in more integrative nodes, but increased BC in less integrative nodes; (c) discordant node ranks in each of the conditions; and (d) complex patterns of stability and instability of node ranks across conditions. These analyses reveal that task conditions induce highly variegated patterns of network dys-organization in SCZ. We suggest that the dys-connection syndrome that is schizophrenia, is a contextually evoked process, and that the tools of network neuroscience should be oriented toward elucidating the limits of this dys-connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel D. Meram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Shahira Baajour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John Kopchick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Luay Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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5
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Laukka JJ, Kain KM, Rathnam AS, Sohi J, Khatib D, Kamholz J, Stanley JA. Altered high-energy phosphate and membrane metabolism in Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac202. [PMID: 36003325 PMCID: PMC9396944 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease is an X-linked recessive leucodystrophy of the central nervous system caused by mutations affecting the major myelin protein, proteolipid protein 1. The extent of the altered in vivo neurochemistry of protein, proteolipid protein 1 duplications, the most common form of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease, is, however, poorly understood. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the only in vivo technique that can assess the biochemistry associated with high-energy phosphate and membrane phospholipid metabolism across different cortical, subcortical and white matter areas. In this cross-sectional study, whole-brain, multi-voxel phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was acquired at 3 T on 14 patients with Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease with protein, proteolipid protein 1 duplications and 23 healthy controls (all males). Anabolic and catabolic levels of membrane phospholipids (phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine, and glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphocholine, respectively), as well as phosphocreatine, inorganic orthophosphate and adenosine triphosphate levels relative to the total phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy signal from 12 different cortical and subcortical areas were compared between the two groups. Independent of brain area, phosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine and inorganic orthophosphate levels were significantly lower (P = 0.0025, P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002) and phosphocreatine levels were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease patients compared with controls. Additionally, there was a significant group-by-brain area interaction for phosphocreatine with post-hoc analyses demonstrating significantly higher phosphocreatine levels in patients with Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease compared with controls across multiple brain areas (anterior and posterior white matter, superior parietal lobe, posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, occipital cortex, striatum and thalamus; all P ≤ 0.0042). Phosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphoethanolamine and adenosine triphosphate levels were not significantly different between groups. For the first-time, widespread alterations in phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolite levels of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease patients are being reported. Specifically, increased high-energy phosphate storage levels of phosphocreatine concomitant with decreased inorganic orthophosphate across multiple areas suggest a widespread reduction in the high-energy phosphate utilization in Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease, and the membrane phospholipid metabolite deficits suggest a widespread degradation in the neuropil content/maintenance of patients with Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease which includes axons, dendrites and astrocytes within cortex and the myelin microstructure and oligodendrocytes within white matter. These results provide greater insight into the neuropathology of Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease both in terms of energy expenditure and membrane phospholipid metabolites. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the utility of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy as surrogate biomarkers in monitoring treatment intervention for Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Laukka
- Department of Medical Education, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, OH , USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, OH , USA
| | - Kevin M Kain
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | | | - Jasloveleen Sohi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , MI , USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
| | - John Kamholz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine , MI , USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, IA , USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, MI , USA
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6
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Woodcock EA, Lundahl LH, Khatib D, Stanley JA, Greenwald MK. N-acetylcysteine reduces cocaine-seeking behavior and anterior cingulate glutamate/glutamine levels among cocaine-dependent individuals. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12900. [PMID: 32212237 PMCID: PMC10369173 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a cystine prodrug shown to reduce cocaine- and cue-primed reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in preclinical studies. In this inpatient study, the effects of NAC maintenance versus placebo on cocaine-seeking behavior were examined during cocaine-primed and unprimed self-administration sessions among non-treatment-seeking, cocaine-dependent individuals. Twelve participants completed this double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover study. Each participant was maintained for 1 week (Sat-Fri) on NAC (1200-mg TID; 3600 mg/day total) and 1 week on placebo (0-mg TID); medication order was randomized. A subset of participants underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans (n = 8) on the third day of medication (Mon) to assess neurochemistry in the rostral anterior cingulate (rACC; voxel = 4.5 cm3 ). In four randomized sessions (Tue-Fri) each week, each participant could earn unit amounts of cocaine (10 mg, fixed) versus money ($0.50 vs. $1.50) on a choice, progressive ratio schedule after insufflating active versus placebo cocaine-priming doses (110 mg vs. 4 mg). Relative to the placebo priming dose, the active cocaine priming dose (110 mg) increased cocaine-seeking behavior (p = .003). NAC reduced cocaine-primed cocaine-seeking behavior compared with placebo levels (p = .044) but did not alter placebo-primed cocaine-seeking behavior. The larger money alternative ($1.50) suppressed cocaine-seeking behavior relative to the smaller money alternative ($0.50; p = .011). Compared with placebo levels, NAC significantly decreased rACC glutamate + glutamine levels (p = .035) and numerically decreased rACC glutamate levels (p = .085). These preliminary findings indicate that NAC suppresses cocaine-seeking behavior in some, but not all, experimental scenarios. Further, our findings suggest NAC may exert its therapeutic effects by modulating excitatory tone in the rACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Leslie H Lundahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark K Greenwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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7
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Khatib D, Farooq U, Rahouma M, Zhang E, Markowitz S, Rong L. Transesophageal echocardiographic predictors of intraventricular conduction delay in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Woodcock EA, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA, Khatib D, Greenwald MK. A neurobiological correlate of stress-induced nicotine-seeking behavior among cigarette smokers. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12819. [PMID: 31418989 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stress is known to influence smoking relapse. Experimental studies indicate that acute stress increases nicotine-seeking behavior, yet neurobiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Herein, we investigated disrupted excitatory neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as a mechanism of stress-induced nicotine-seeking behavior. Non-treatment-seeking cigarette smokers were screened for psychiatric, medical, and neuroimaging contraindications. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, participants (N = 21) completed two oral-dosing sessions: stress (yohimbine 54 mg + hydrocortisone 10 mg) vs placebo (lactose 54 mg + lactose 10 mg). During each experimental session, working memory proficiency, dlPFC excitatory neural activity, nicotine-seeking behavior, and subjective effects were measured. dlPFC excitatory neural activity was quantified via glutamate modulation during working memory performance using functional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nicotine-seeking behavior was assayed using a cigarette puffs vs money choice progressive ratio task. Results indicated that yohimbine + hydrocortisone evoked a sustained physiological stress response (elevated heart rate, blood pressure, saliva cortisol, and saliva α-amylase levels; ps < .05). Relative to placebo levels, acute stress increased nicotine-seeking behavior (ps < .05), disrupted dlPFC glutamate modulation (p = .025), and impaired dlPFC function (working memory proficiency; ps < .05). The stress-induced increase in nicotine-seeking behavior was linearly related to the stress-induced disruption of dlPFC glutamate modulation (R2 = 0.24-0.37; ps < .05). These findings suggest that disrupted dlPFC excitatory neural activity is a neurobiological correlate of acute stress-induced nicotine-seeking behavior. These findings further emphasize the central role of the dlPFC in regulating drug-seeking behavior. Future studies are needed to evaluate interventions to improve dlPFC resilience to acute stress effects, including neurostimulation, working memory training, and "anti-stress" medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Woodcock
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Mark K. Greenwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan USA
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9
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Baajour SJ, Chowdury A, Thomas P, Rajan U, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Falco D, Haddad L, Amirsadri A, Bressler S, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. Disordered directional brain network interactions during learning dynamics in schizophrenia revealed by multivariate autoregressive models. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:3594-3607. [PMID: 32436639 PMCID: PMC7416040 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional network interactions underpin normative brain function in key domains including associative learning. Schizophrenia (SCZ) is characterized by altered learning dynamics, yet dysfunctional directional functional connectivity (dFC) evoked during learning is rarely assessed. Here, nonlinear learning dynamics were induced using a paradigm alternating between conditions (Encoding and Retrieval). Evoked fMRI time series data were modeled using multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) models, to discover dysfunctional direction interactions between brain network constituents during learning stages (Early vs. Late), and conditions. A functionally derived subnetwork of coactivated (healthy controls [HC] ∩ SCZ] nodes was identified. MVAR models quantified directional interactions between pairs of nodes, and coefficients were evaluated for intergroup differences (HC ≠ SCZ). In exploratory analyses, we quantified statistical effects of neuroleptic dosage on performance and MVAR measures. During Early Encoding, SCZ showed reduced dFC within a frontal–hippocampal–fusiform network, though during Late Encoding reduced dFC was associated with pathways toward the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). During Early Retrieval, SCZ showed increased dFC in pathways to and from the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, though during Late Retrieval, patients showed increased dFC in pathways toward the dlPFC, but decreased dFC in pathways from the dlPFC. These discoveries constitute novel extensions of our understanding of task‐evoked dysconnection in schizophrenia and motivate understanding of the directional aspect of the dysconnection in schizophrenia. Disordered directionality should be investigated using computational psychiatric approaches that complement the MVAR method used in our work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira J Baajour
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Patricia Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dimitri Falco
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Luay Haddad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alireza Amirsadri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Steven Bressler
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.,Department of Psychology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Jeffery A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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10
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Anand C, Homayouni R, Yu Q, Ramesh S, Khatib D, Dahle C, Stanley J, Raz N. HIPPOCAMPAL GLUTAMATE MODULATION DURING MEMORY ENCODING: ASSOCIATION WITH AGE AND SUBFIELD VOLUMES. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6845574 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal glutamatergic activity plays a pivotal role in memory consolidation, including the ability to form novel associations that declines with age. To test whether glutamatergic dysfunction may underpin age-related memory declines, we examined in vivo age differences in hippocampal glutamate modulation during encoding of associations, and its relationship with hippocampal subfield volumes. Proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on 32 young (25.1±2.8 years; 18 females) and 16 older (65.9±2.7 years; 7 females) adults to measure changes in hippocampal (randomly assigned right or left) glutamate during an object-location paired association learning task (with 12 cycles of encoding-retrieval epochs). Volumes of the dentate gyrus&CA3, CA1, subiculum, and entorhinal cortex were manually measured from T2-weighted MRI images. Memory performance differed between the age-groups [F(1, 46)=8.56, p<.01], with the older attaining a lower asymptote [t(46)=2.93, p<.05] compared to the younger. Age differences in glutamate were observed only during encoding (age-group x epoch: F(3,137)=5.28, p<.01), and varied over the epochs. Young adults showed increased glutamate during the first four encoding epochs of each cycle, with levels remaining high thereafter. Old adults evidenced a decrease in glutamate during the first four epochs, and a slow, sustained ramping-up afterwards. Including both age-groups, the maximum change in glutamate, calculated using the maximum and minimum levels during encoding, was positively associated with CA1 [F(2,39)=4.28, p<.05] and the dentate gyrus&CA3 volume [F(2,39)=4.4, p<.05], after correcting for multiple comparisons. Glutamate modulation specific to encoding may underlie age-related memory declines and be related to selected hippocampal subfield volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Anand
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Roya Homayouni
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Qijing Yu
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Sruthi Ramesh
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Cheryl Dahle
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Naftali Raz
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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11
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Lynn J, Anand C, Arshad M, Khatib D, Stanley J, Raz N. LIFESPAN AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THE REGIONAL WHITE MATTER MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN CORPUS CALLOSUM. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6846151 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) connects homologous cortical structures across hemispheres and is the largest white matter tract in the human brain. Post-mortem studies suggest that CC myelination begins in infancy, reaches a plateau in the middle age, and declines in the later years. The latter is accompanied by myelin disruption and reduction in fiber density and diameter, i.e. changes in intra-/extracellular water space. We used multi-echo T2 imaging to estimate, via multi-exponential T2 relaxation of water, the myelin water fraction (MWF), a direct proxy for myelin content, and geometric mean T2 (geomT2IEW) that reflects water in the intra-/extracellular space, to investigate age differences in five CC regions covering its anterior to posterior span in 395 healthy individuals (7-85 years; 161M+235F). The general linear model analysis of MWF showed main effects of age and age-squared conditioned on interactions by CC region. Univariate polynomial regressions on three age groups (7-29, 30-59, and 60-85 years) revealed the overall quadratic association between age and MWF as mainly driven by the positive linear relationship in the youngest group and minimal differences in the remainder of the lifespan, save for two weak negative linear associations in the anterior/middle CC body. With geomT2, a main linear effect of age, and significant interactions between age and age-squared by region were observed. The positive linear association was especially prominent in the regions with greater fiber density. The results are consistent with CC myelination into adulthood and decreased axonal density and diameter but not prominent myelin degeneration in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lynn
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Chaitali Anand
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Dalal Khatib
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Naftali Raz
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
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12
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Woodcock EA, Greenwald MK, Khatib D, Diwadkar VA, Stanley JA. Pharmacological stress impairs working memory performance and attenuates dorsolateral prefrontal cortex glutamate modulation. Neuroimage 2019; 186:437-445. [PMID: 30458306 PMCID: PMC6491044 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory processes are associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Prior research using proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H fMRS) observed significant dlPFC glutamate modulation during letter 2-back performance, indicative of working memory-driven increase in excitatory neural activity. Acute stress has been shown to impair working memory performance. Herein, we quantified dlPFC glutamate modulation during working memory under placebo (oral lactose) and acute stress conditions (oral yohimbine 54 mg + hydrocortisone 10 mg). Using a double-blind, randomized crossover design, participants (N = 19) completed a letter 2-back task during left dlPFC 1H fMRS acquisition (Brodmann areas 45/46; 4.5 cm3). An automated fitting procedure integrated with LCModel was used to quantify glutamate levels. Working memory-induced glutamate modulation was calculated as percentage change in glutamate levels from passive visual fixation to 2-back levels. Results indicated acute stress significantly attenuated working memory-induced glutamate modulation and impaired 2-back response accuracy, relative to placebo levels. Follow-up analyses indicated 2-back performance significantly modulated glutamate levels relative to passive visual fixation during placebo but not acute stress. Biomarkers, including blood pressure and saliva cortisol, confirmed that yohimbine + hydrocortisone dosing elicited a significant physiological stress response. These findings support a priori hypotheses and demonstrate that acute stress impairs dlPFC function and excitatory activity. This study highlights a neurobiological mechanism through which acute stress may contribute to psychiatric dysfunction and derail treatment progress. Future research is needed to isolate noradrenaline vs. cortisol effects and evaluate anti-stress medications and/or behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Woodcock
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
MI,Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
MI,Corresponding author at: 2 Church Street South,
Suite #314, New Haven, CT, USA;
(EAW)
| | - Mark K. Greenwald
- Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
MI
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
MI
| | - Vaibhav A. Diwadkar
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
MI
| | - Jeffrey A. Stanley
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry
and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit,
MI
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13
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Woodcock EA, Arshad M, Khatib D, Stanley JA. Automated Voxel Placement: A Linux-based Suite of Tools for Accurate and Reliable Single Voxel Coregistration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3:1-8. [PMID: 29911203 PMCID: PMC5998677 DOI: 10.17756/jnpn.2018-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H
MRS) is a powerful technique for studying in vivo
neurochemistry, but has an often-overlooked source of error variance:
inconsistent voxel placement between scans. We developed and evaluated an
Automated Voxel Placement (AVP) procedure for accurate and reliable
1H MRS voxel prescription. AVP is a suite of Linux-based
programs that facilitate automated template-driven single-voxel
coregistration. Methods Three studies were conducted to evaluate AVP for prescription of one
voxel: left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. First, we evaluated how robust
AVP was to ‘extreme’ subject head positions/angulations
within the scanner head coil. Second, subjects (N = 13) were
recruited and underwent MR scans. Manual voxel prescription (n = 5)
was contrasted with AVP (n = 8). A subset of AVP subjects (n
= 4) completed a second scan. Third, ongoing data collection (n
= 16; recruited for a separate study) helped evaluate AVP. Voxel
placement accuracy was quantified as 3D geometric voxel overlap percentage
between each subject’s voxel and the template voxel. Reliability was
quantified as 3D geometric voxel overlap percentage across subjects at each
time point and within subjects who completed two scans. Results Results demonstrated that AVP was robust to ‘extreme’
head positions (97.5% - 97.9% overlap with the template
voxel). AVP was significantly more accurate (baseline and follow-up:
96.2% ± 3.0% and 97.6% ±
1.4% overlap) than manual voxel placement (67.7% ±
22.8% overlap; ps<.05). AVP was reliable
within- (97.9%) and between-subjects (94.2% and
97.2% overlap; baseline and follow-up; respectively). Finally,
ongoing data collection indicates AVP is accurate (96.0%). Conclusion These pilot studies demonstrated that AVP was feasible, accurate, and
reliable method for automated single voxel coregistration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Muzamil Arshad
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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14
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Lynn J, Woodcock EA, Anand C, Khatib D, Stanley JA. Differences in steady-state glutamate levels and variability between 'non-task-active' conditions: Evidence from 1H fMRS of the prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 2018; 172:554-561. [PMID: 29421322 PMCID: PMC5910204 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H fMRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique capable of detecting dynamic changes in glutamate related to task-related demands at a temporal resolution under 1 min. Several recent 1H fMRS studies demonstrated elevated steady-state levels of glutamate of 2% or greater during different 'task-active' conditions, relative to a 'non-task-active' control condition. However, the 'control' condition from these studies does vary with respect to the degree of constraining behavior, which may lead to different glutamate levels or variability between 'control' conditions. The purpose of this 1H fMRS study was to compare the steady-state levels and variability of glutamate in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of 16 healthy adults across four different putative 'non-task-active' conditions: relaxed with eyes closed, passive visual fixation crosshair, visual flashing checkerboard, and finger tapping. Results showed significantly lower glutamate levels during the passive visual fixation crosshair than the visual flashing checkerboard and the finger tapping conditions. Moreover, glutamate was significantly less variable during the passive visual fixation crosshair and the visual flashing checkerboard than the relaxed eyes closed condition. Of the four conditions, the passive visual fixation crosshair condition demonstrated the lowest and least variable glutamate levels potentially reflecting the least dlPFC engagement, but greatest behavioral constraint. These results emphasize the importance of selecting a proper 'control' condition to reflect accurately a 'non-task-active' steady-state level of glutamate with minimal variability during 1H MRS investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lynn
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eric A Woodcock
- Yale University School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry, Departments ofof Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chaitali Anand
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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15
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Woodcock EA, Anand C, Khatib D, Diwadkar VA, Stanley JA. Working Memory Modulates Glutamate Levels in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex during 1H fMRS. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:66. [PMID: 29559930 PMCID: PMC5845718 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is involved in excitatory neurotransmission and metabolic processes related to brain function. Previous studies using proton functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H fMRS) have demonstrated elevated cortical glutamate levels by 2-4% during visual and motor stimulation, relative to periods of no stimulation. Here, we extended this approach to working memory cognitive task performance, which has been consistently associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activation. Sixteen healthy adult volunteers completed a continuous visual fixation "rest" task followed by a letter 2-back working memory task during 1H fMRS acquisition of the left dlPFC, which encompassed Brodmann areas 45 and 46 over a 4.5-cm3 volume. Using a 100% automated fitting procedure integrated with LCModel, raw spectra were eddy current-, phase-, and shift-corrected prior to quantification resulting in a 32s temporal resolution or 8 averages per spectra. Task compliance was high (95 ± 11% correct) and the mean Cramer-Rao Lower Bound of glutamate was 6.9 ± 0.9%. Relative to continuous passive visual fixation, left dlPFC glutamate levels were significantly higher by 2.7% (0.32 mmol/kg wet weight) during letter 2-back performance. Elevated dlPFC glutamate levels reflect increased metabolic activity and excitatory neurotransmission driven by working memory-related cognitive demands. These results provide the first in vivo demonstration of elevated dlPFC glutamate levels during working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Woodcock
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chaitali Anand
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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16
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Ravishankar M, Morris A, Burgess A, Khatib D, Stanley JA, Diwadkar VA. Cortical-hippocampal functional connectivity during covert consolidation sub-serves associative learning: Evidence for an active "rest" state. Brain Cogn 2017; 131:45-55. [PMID: 29054542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We studied modulation of undirected functional connectivity (uFC) in cortical-hippocampal sub-networks during associative learning. Nineteen healthy individuals were studied (fMRI acquired on a Siemens Verio 3T), and uFC was studied between nodes in a network of regions identified by standard activation models based on bivariate correlational analyses of time series data. The paradigm alternated between Memory Encoding, Rest and Retrieval. "Rest" intervals promoted covert consolidation. Over the task, performance was broadly separable into linear (Early) and asymptomatic (Late) regimes, with late performance reflecting successful memory consolidation. Significant modulation of uFC was observed during periods of covert consolidation. The sub-networks which were modulated constituted connections between frontal regions such as the dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), the medial temporal lobe (hippocampus, HPC), the superior parietal cortex (SPC) and the fusiform gyrus (FG). uFC patterns were dynamic in that sub-networks modulated during Early learning (dACC ↔ SPC, dACC ↔ FG, dPFC ↔ HPC) were not identical to those modulated during Late learning (dACC ↔ HPC, dPFC ↔ FG, FG ↔ SPC). Covert consolidation exerts systematic effects, and these results add to emerging evidence for the constructive role of the brain's "resting state" in potentiating action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathura Ravishankar
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alexandra Morris
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Ashley Burgess
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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17
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18
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Friedman AL, Burgess A, Ramaseshan K, Easter P, Khatib D, Chowdury A, Arnold PD, Hanna GL, Rosenberg DR, Diwadkar VA. Brain network dysfunction in youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder induced by simple uni-manual behavior: The role of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Psychiatry Res 2017; 260:6-15. [PMID: 27992792 PMCID: PMC5302006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to elucidate differences in functioning brain networks between youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder and controls, we used fMRI signals to analyze brain network interactions of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) during visually coordinated motor responses. Subjects made a uni-manual response to briefly presented probes, at periodic (allowing participants to maintain a "motor set") or random intervals (demanding reactive responses). Network interactions were assessed using psycho-physiological interaction (PPI), a basic model of functional connectivity evaluating modulatory effects of the dACC in the context of each task condition. Across conditions, OCD were characterized by hyper-modulation by the dACC, with loci alternatively observed as both condition-general and condition-specific. Thus, dynamically driven task demands during simple uni-manual motor control induce compensatory network interactions in cortical-thalamic regions in OCD. These findings support previous research in OCD showing compensatory network interactions during complex memory tasks, but establish that these network effects are observed during basic sensorimotor processing. Thus, these patterns of network dysfunction may in fact be independent of the complexity of tasks used to induce brain network activity. Hypothesis-driven approaches coupled with sophisticated network analyses are a highly valuable approach in using fMRI to uncover mechanisms in disorders like OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Friedman
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Burgess
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Karthik Ramaseshan
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Phil Easter
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paul D Arnold
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory L Hanna
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Rosenberg
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Dept. of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Goradia DD, Vogel S, Mohl B, Khatib D, Zajac-Benitez C, Rajan U, Robin A, Rosenberg DR, Stanley JA. Distinct differences in striatal dysmorphology between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder boys with and without a comorbid reading disability. Psychiatry Res 2016; 258:30-36. [PMID: 27835798 PMCID: PMC5135620 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence of greater cognitive deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with a comorbid reading disability (ADHD/+RD) compared to ADHD alone (ADHD/-RD). Additionally, the striatum has been consistently implicated in ADHD. However, the extent of morphological alterations in the striatum of ADHD/+RD is poorly understood, which is the main purpose of this study. Based on structural MRI images, the surface deformation of the caudate and putamen was assessed in 59 boys matching in age and IQ [19 ADHD/-RD, 15 ADHD/+RD and 25 typically developing controls (TDC)]. A vertex based analysis with multiple comparison correction was conducted to compare ADHD/-RD and ADHD/+RD to TDC. Compared to TDC, ADHD/+RD showed multiple bilateral significant clusters of surface compression. In contrast, ADHD/-RD showed fewer significant clusters of surface compression and restricted to the left side. Regarding the putamen, only ADHD/-RD showed significant clusters of surface compression. Results demonstrate for the first time a greater extent of morphological alterations in the caudate of ADHD/+RD than ADHD/-RD compared to TDC, which may suggest greater implicated cortical areas projecting to the caudate that are associated with the greater neuropsychological impairments observed in ADHD/+RD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherry Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Brianne Mohl
- Department of Radiology and Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Caroline Zajac-Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Usha Rajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arthur Robin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David R Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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20
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Greenwald MK, Woodcock EA, Khatib D, Stanley JA. Methadone maintenance dose modulates anterior cingulate glutamate levels in heroin-dependent individuals: A preliminary in vivo (1)H MRS study. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:218-24. [PMID: 26188663 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mu-opioid receptor agonists alter brain glutamate (GLU) levels in laboratory animals. This clinical study used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) to examine regional brain GLU levels during experimental manipulation of methadone (MTD) maintenance dose under double-blind, within-subject conditions in seven heroin-dependent volunteers. Subjects were scanned first at a high MTD dose (100 mg/day), underwent a 3-week outpatient MTD dose taper, and then were scanned again at a low MTD dose (10-25 mg/day; modified for participant comfort). Five age- and cigarette smoking-matched controls were scanned once. In vivo short echo time (TE = 22 ms), single voxel (1)H MRS data from midline pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and thalamus (4.5 cm(3) each) were collected using PRESS on a 4-Tesla MRI system. Absolute metabolite levels were quantified. GLU levels in the ACC, but not the thalamus, were higher at the low relative to the high MTD dose in heroin-dependent subjects. No other metabolites differed by MTD dose, or between control vs. heroin-dependent subjects (at either MTD dose). GLU levels in the ACC were inversely related to the duration of cigarette smoking (controls) and heroin use (experimental group). Future studies are warranted to investigate the relationship between GLU levels during treatment (and detoxification), and withdrawal symptoms or relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Greenwald
- Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Suite 2A, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Eric A Woodcock
- Substance Abuse Research Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Drive, Suite 2A, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dalal Khatib
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Stanley
- Brain Imaging Research Division, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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21
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Lass P, Khatib D, Szmigielski W. HIDA-99mTc scanning in demonstrating bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy--an unusual pattern of peritoneal bile distribution. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur 1999; 2:34-5. [PMID: 14600998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Lass
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland.
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