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McAllaster MR, Bhushan J, Balce DR, Orvedahl A, Park A, Hwang S, Sullender ME, Sibley LD, Virgin HW. Autophagy gene-dependent intracellular immunity triggered by interferon-γ. mBio 2023; 14:e0233223. [PMID: 37905813 PMCID: PMC10746157 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02332-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes required for the lysosomal degradation pathway of autophagy play key roles in topologically distinct and physiologically important cellular processes. Some functions of ATG genes are independent of their role in degradative autophagy. One of the first described of these ATG gene-dependent, but degradative autophagy independent, processes is the requirement for a subset of ATG genes in interferon-γ (IFNγ)-induced inhibition of norovirus and Toxoplasma gondii replication. Herein, we identified additional genes that are required for, or that negatively regulate, this innate immune effector pathway. Enzymes in the UFMylation pathway negatively regulated IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication via effects of Ern1. IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication required Gate-16 (also termed GabarapL2), Wipi2b, Atg9a, Cul3, and Klhl9 but not Becn1 (encoding Beclin 1), Atg14, Uvrag, or Sqstm1. The phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and ATG16L1-binding domains of WIPI2B, as well as the ATG5-binding domain of ATG16L1, were required for IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus replication. Other members of the Cul3, Atg8, and Wipi2 gene families were not required, demonstrating exquisite specificity within these gene families for participation in IFNγ action. The generality of some aspects of this mechanism was demonstrated by a role for GATE-16 and WIPI2 in IFNγ-induced control of Toxoplasma gondii infection in human cells. These studies further delineate the genes and mechanisms of an ATG gene-dependent programmable form of cytokine-induced innate intracellular immunity. IMPORTANCE Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a critical mediator of cell-intrinsic immunity to intracellular pathogens. Understanding the complex cellular mechanisms supporting robust interferon-γ-induced host defenses could aid in developing new therapeutics to treat infections. Here, we examined the impact of autophagy genes in the interferon-γ-induced host response. We demonstrate that genes within the autophagy pathway including Wipi2, Atg9, and Gate-16, as well as ubiquitin ligase complex genes Cul3 and Klhl9 are required for IFNγ-induced inhibition of murine norovirus (norovirus hereinafter) replication in mouse cells. WIPI2 and GATE-16 were also required for IFNγ-mediated restriction of parasite growth within the Toxoplasma gondii parasitophorous vacuole in human cells. Furthermore, we found that perturbation of UFMylation pathway components led to more robust IFNγ-induced inhibition of norovirus via regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Enhancing or inhibiting these dynamic cellular components could serve as a strategy to control intracellular pathogens and maintain an effective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. McAllaster
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jaya Bhushan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dale R. Balce
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Arnold Park
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Meagan E. Sullender
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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2
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Momont C, Dang HV, Zatta F, Hauser K, Wang C, di Iulio J, Minola A, Czudnochowski N, De Marco A, Branch K, Donermeyer D, Vyas S, Chen A, Ferri E, Guarino B, Powell AE, Spreafico R, Yim SS, Balce DR, Bartha I, Meury M, Croll TI, Belnap DM, Schmid MA, Schaiff WT, Miller JL, Cameroni E, Telenti A, Virgin HW, Rosen LE, Purcell LA, Lanzavecchia A, Snell G, Corti D, Pizzuto MS. Author Correction: A pan-influenza antibody inhibiting neuraminidase via receptor mimicry. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06385-x. [PMID: 37407829 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06385-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha V Dang
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Minola
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tristan I Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M Belnap
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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3
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Momont C, Dang HV, Zatta F, Hauser K, Wang C, di Iulio J, Minola A, Czudnochowski N, De Marco A, Branch K, Donermeyer D, Vyas S, Chen A, Ferri E, Guarino B, Powell AE, Spreafico R, Yim SS, Balce DR, Bartha I, Meury M, Croll TI, Belnap DM, Schmid MA, Schaiff WT, Miller JL, Cameroni E, Telenti A, Virgin HW, Rosen LE, Purcell LA, Lanzavecchia A, Snell G, Corti D, Pizzuto MS. A pan-influenza antibody inhibiting neuraminidase via receptor mimicry. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06136-y. [PMID: 37258672 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly evolving influenza A viruses (IAVs) and influenza B viruses (IBVs) are major causes of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. Current influenza vaccines elicit antibodies predominantly to the highly variable head region of haemagglutinin and their effectiveness is limited by viral drift1 and suboptimal immune responses2. Here we describe a neuraminidase-targeting monoclonal antibody, FNI9, that potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of all group 1 and group 2 IAVs, as well as Victoria/2/87-like, Yamagata/16/88-like and ancestral IBVs. FNI9 broadly neutralizes seasonal IAVs and IBVs, including the immune-evading H3N2 strains bearing an N-glycan at position 245, and shows synergistic activity when combined with anti-haemagglutinin stem-directed antibodies. Structural analysis reveals that D107 in the FNI9 heavy chain complementarity-determinant region 3 mimics the interaction of the sialic acid carboxyl group with the three highly conserved arginine residues (R118, R292 and R371) of the neuraminidase catalytic site. FNI9 demonstrates potent prophylactic activity against lethal IAV and IBV infections in mice. The unprecedented breadth and potency of the FNI9 monoclonal antibody supports its development for the prevention of influenza illness by seasonal and pandemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ha V Dang
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Minola
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tristan I Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David M Belnap
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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4
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Lail SS, Balce DR, Canton J, Yates RM. Approaches to Measuring Reductive and Oxidative Events in Phagosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2692:139-152. [PMID: 37365466 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3338-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The phagosome is a redox-active organelle. Numerous reductive and oxidative systems play both direct and indirect roles in phagosomal function. With the advent of newer methodologies to study these redox events in live cells, the details of how redox conditions change within the maturing phagosome, how they are regulated, and how they influence other phagosomal functions can be investigated. In this chapter, we detail phagosome-specific, fluorescence-based assays that measure disulfide reduction and the production of reactive oxygen species in live phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shranjit S Lail
- Department of Medical Science, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Johnathan Canton
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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5
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Ewanchuk BW, Arnold CR, Balce DR, Premnath P, Orsetti TL, Warren AL, Olsen A, Krawetz RJ, Yates RM. A non-immunological role for γ-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) in osteoclastic bone resorption. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/17/eabd3684. [PMID: 33893096 PMCID: PMC8064644 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular bone resorbing lacuna of the osteoclast shares many characteristics with the degradative lysosome of antigen-presenting cells. γ-Interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) enhances antigen processing within lysosomes through direct reduction of antigen disulfides and maintenance of cysteine protease activity. In this study, we found the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL drove expression of GILT in osteoclast precursors in a STAT1-dependent manner, resulting in high levels of GILT in mature osteoclasts, which could be further augmented by γ-interferon. GILT colocalized with the collagen-degrading cysteine protease, cathepsin K, suggesting a role for GILT inside the osteoclastic resorption lacuna. GILT-deficient osteoclasts had reduced bone-resorbing capacity, resulting in impaired bone turnover and an osteopetrotic phenotype in GILT-deficient mice. We demonstrated that GILT could directly reduce the noncollagenous bone matrix protein SPARC, and additionally, enhance collagen degradation by cathepsin K. Together, this work describes a previously unidentified, non-immunological role for GILT in osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Corey R Arnold
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Priyatha Premnath
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Tanis L Orsetti
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Amy L Warren
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Alexandra Olsen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roman J Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
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6
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Brestoff JR, Wilen CB, Moley JR, Li Y, Zou W, Malvin NP, Rowen MN, Saunders BT, Ma H, Mack MR, Hykes BL, Balce DR, Orvedahl A, Williams JW, Rohatgi N, Wang X, McAllaster MR, Handley SA, Kim BS, Doench JG, Zinselmeyer BH, Diamond MS, Virgin HW, Gelman AE, Teitelbaum SL. Intercellular Mitochondria Transfer to Macrophages Regulates White Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Is Impaired in Obesity. Cell Metab 2021; 33:270-282.e8. [PMID: 33278339 PMCID: PMC7858234 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that mitochondria can be transferred between cells to support the survival of metabolically compromised cells. However, whether intercellular mitochondria transfer occurs in white adipose tissue (WAT) or regulates metabolic homeostasis in vivo remains unknown. We found that macrophages acquire mitochondria from neighboring adipocytes in vivo and that this process defines a transcriptionally distinct macrophage subpopulation. A genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen revealed that mitochondria uptake depends on heparan sulfates (HS). High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice exhibit lower HS levels on WAT macrophages and decreased intercellular mitochondria transfer from adipocytes to macrophages. Deletion of the HS biosynthetic gene Ext1 in myeloid cells decreases mitochondria uptake by WAT macrophages, increases WAT mass, lowers energy expenditure, and exacerbates HFD-induced obesity in vivo. Collectively, this study suggests that adipocytes and macrophages employ intercellular mitochondria transfer as a mechanism of immunometabolic crosstalk that regulates metabolic homeostasis and is impaired in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John R Moley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongjia Li
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Zou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole P Malvin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina N Rowen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian T Saunders
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongming Ma
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Madison R Mack
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barry L Hykes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jesse W Williams
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael R McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bernd H Zinselmeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Andrew E Gelman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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7
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Carey KL, Paulus GLC, Wang L, Balce DR, Luo JW, Bergman P, Ferder IC, Kong L, Renaud N, Singh S, Kost-Alimova M, Nyfeler B, Lassen KG, Virgin HW, Xavier RJ. TFEB Transcriptional Responses Reveal Negative Feedback by BHLHE40 and BHLHE41. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108371. [PMID: 33176151 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) activates lysosomal biogenesis genes in response to environmental cues. Given implications of impaired TFEB signaling and lysosomal dysfunction in metabolic, neurological, and infectious diseases, we aim to systematically identify TFEB-directed circuits by examining transcriptional responses to TFEB subcellular localization and stimulation. We reveal that steady-state nuclear TFEB is sufficient to activate transcription of lysosomal, autophagy, and innate immunity genes, whereas other targets require higher thresholds of stimulation. Furthermore, we identify shared and distinct transcriptional signatures between mTOR inhibition and bacterial autophagy. Using a genome-wide CRISPR library, we find TFEB targets that protect cells from or sensitize cells to lysosomal cell death. BHLHE40 and BHLHE41, genes responsive to high, sustained levels of nuclear TFEB, act in opposition to TFEB upon lysosomal cell death induction. Further investigation identifies genes counter-regulated by TFEB and BHLHE40/41, adding this negative feedback to the current understanding of TFEB regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Carey
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Geraldine L C Paulus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lingfei Wang
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jessica W Luo
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Phil Bergman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ianina C Ferder
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lingjia Kong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicole Renaud
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shantanu Singh
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Beat Nyfeler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kara G Lassen
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Immunology Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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8
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Wang YT, Zaitsev K, Lu Q, Li S, Schaiff WT, Kim KW, Droit L, Wilen CB, Desai C, Balce DR, Orchard RC, Orvedahl A, Park S, Kreamalmeyer D, Handley SA, Pfeifer JD, Baldridge MT, Artyomov MN, Stallings CL, Virgin HW. Select autophagy genes maintain quiescence of tissue-resident macrophages and increase susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:272-281. [PMID: 31959973 PMCID: PMC7147835 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune responses that prime myeloid cells, such as macrophages, protect against pathogens1,2. However, if left uncontrolled, these responses may lead to detrimental inflammation3. Macrophages, particularly those resident in tissues, must therefore remain quiescent between infections despite chronic stimulation by commensal microorganisms. The genes required for quiescence of tissue-resident macrophages are not well understood. Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved cellular process by which cytoplasmic contents are targeted for lysosomal digestion, has homeostatic functions including maintenance of protein and organelle integrity and regulation of metabolism4. Recent research has shown that degradative autophagy, as well as various combinations of autophagy genes, regulate immunity and inflammation5-12. Here, we delineate a function of the autophagy proteins Beclin 1 and FIP200-but not of other essential autophagy components ATG5, ATG16L1 or ATG7-in mediating quiescence of tissue-resident macrophages by limiting the effects of systemic interferon-γ. The perturbation of quiescence in mice that lack Beclin 1 or FIP200 in myeloid cells results in spontaneous immune activation and resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection. While antibiotic-treated wild-type mice display diminished macrophage responses to inflammatory stimuli, this is not observed in mice that lack Beclin 1 in myeloid cells, establishing the dominance of this gene over effects of the bacterial microbiota. Thus, select autophagy genes, but not all genes essential for degradative autophagy, have a key function in maintaining immune quiescence of tissue-resident macrophages, resulting in genetically programmed susceptibility to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - W Timothy Schaiff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Droit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chandni Desai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert C Orchard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Darren Kreamalmeyer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John D Pfeifer
- Lauren V. Ackerman Laboratory of Surgical Pathology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christina L Stallings
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Orchard RC, Sullender ME, Dunlap BF, Balce DR, Doench JG, Virgin HW. Identification of Antinorovirus Genes in Human Cells Using Genome-Wide CRISPR Activation Screening. J Virol 2019; 93:e01324-18. [PMID: 30305350 PMCID: PMC6288323 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01324-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, yet host factors that restrict NoV replication are not well understood. Here, we use a CRISPR activation genome-wide screening to identify host genes that can inhibit murine norovirus (MNoV) replication in human cells. Our screens identified with high confidence 49 genes that can inhibit MNoV infection when overexpressed. A significant number of these genes are in interferon and immune regulation signaling networks, but surprisingly, the majority of the genes identified are neither associated with innate or adaptive immunity nor associated with any antiviral activity. Confirmatory studies of eight of the genes validate the initial screening data. Mechanistic studies on TRIM7 demonstrated a conserved role of the molecule in mouse and human cells in restricting MNoV in a step of infection after viral entry. Furthermore, we demonstrate that two isoforms of TRIM7 have differential antiviral activity. Taken together, these data provide a resource for understanding norovirus biology and demonstrate a robust methodology for identifying new antiviral molecules.IMPORTANCE Norovirus is one of the leading causes of food-borne illness worldwide. Despite its prevalence, our understanding of norovirus biology is limited due to the difficulty in growing human norovirus in vitro and a lack of an animal model. Murine norovirus (MNoV) is a model norovirus system because MNoV replicates robustly in cell culture and in mice. To identify host genes that can restrict norovirus replication when overexpressed, we performed genome-wide CRISPR activation screens to induce gene overexpression at the native locus through recruitment of transcriptional activators to individual gene promoters. We found 49 genes that could block murine norovirus replication in human cells. Several of these genes are associated with classical immune signaling pathways, while many of the molecules we identified have not been previously associated with antiviral activity. Our data are a resource for those studying noroviruses, and we provide a robust approach to identify novel antiviral genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Orchard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Meagan E Sullender
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bria F Dunlap
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Kim DS, Dastidar H, Zhang C, Zemp FJ, Lau K, Ernst M, Rakic A, Sikdar S, Rajwani J, Naumenko V, Balce DR, Ewanchuk BW, Tailor P, Yates RM, Jenne C, Gafuik C, Mahoney DJ. Author Correction: Smac mimetics and oncolytic viruses synergize in driving anticancer T-cell responses through complementary mechanisms. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2109. [PMID: 29799008 PMCID: PMC5967337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sun Kim
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Himika Dastidar
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Chunfen Zhang
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Franz J Zemp
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Keith Lau
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Andrea Rakic
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Saif Sikdar
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Jahanara Rajwani
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Victor Naumenko
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Ben W Ewanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Pankaj Tailor
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Craig Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Chris Gafuik
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Douglas J Mahoney
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1. .,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.
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11
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Wilen CB, Lee S, Hsieh LL, Orchard RC, Desai C, Hykes BL, McAllaster MR, Balce DR, Feehley T, Brestoff JR, Hickey CA, Yokoyama CC, Wang YT, MacDuff DA, Kreamalmayer D, Howitt MR, Neil JA, Cadwell K, Allen PM, Handley SA, van Lookeren Campagne M, Baldridge MT, Virgin HW. Tropism for tuft cells determines immune promotion of norovirus pathogenesis. Science 2018; 360:204-208. [PMID: 29650672 PMCID: PMC6039974 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complex interactions between host immunity and the microbiome regulate norovirus infection. However, the mechanism of host immune promotion of enteric virus infection remains obscure. The cellular tropism of noroviruses is also unknown. Recently, we identified CD300lf as a murine norovirus (MNoV) receptor. In this study, we have shown that tuft cells, a rare type of intestinal epithelial cell, express CD300lf and are the target cell for MNoV in the mouse intestine. We found that type 2 cytokines, which induce tuft cell proliferation, promote MNoV infection in vivo. These cytokines can replace the effect of commensal microbiota in promoting virus infection. Our work thus provides insight into how the immune system and microbes can coordinately promote enteric viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B Wilen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Leon L Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert C Orchard
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chandni Desai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barry L Hykes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael R McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Taylor Feehley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina A Hickey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christine C Yokoyama
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Donna A MacDuff
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Darren Kreamalmayer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael R Howitt
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Neil
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute and Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Paul M Allen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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12
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Kim DS, Dastidar H, Zhang C, Zemp FJ, Lau K, Ernst M, Rakic A, Sikdar S, Rajwani J, Naumenko V, Balce DR, Ewanchuk BW, Tailor P, Yates RM, Jenne C, Gafuik C, Mahoney DJ. Smac mimetics and oncolytic viruses synergize in driving anticancer T-cell responses through complementary mechanisms. Nat Commun 2017; 8:344. [PMID: 28839138 PMCID: PMC5570934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Second mitochondrial activator of caspase (Smac)-mimetic compounds and oncolytic viruses were developed to kill cancer cells directly. However, Smac-mimetic compound and oncolytic virus therapies also modulate host immune responses in ways we hypothesized would complement one another in promoting anticancer T-cell immunity. We show that Smac-mimetic compound and oncolytic virus therapies synergize in driving CD8+ T-cell responses toward tumors through distinct activities. Smac-mimetic compound treatment with LCL161 reinvigorates exhausted CD8+ T cells within immunosuppressed tumors by targeting tumor-associated macrophages for M1-like polarization. Oncolytic virus treatment with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔM51) promotes CD8+ T-cell accumulation within tumors and CD8+ T-cell activation within the tumor-draining lymph node. When combined, LCL161 and VSVΔM51 therapy engenders CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor control in several aggressive mouse models of cancer. Smac-mimetic compound and oncolytic virus therapies are both in clinical development and their combination therapy represents a promising approach for promoting anticancer T-cell immunity.Oncolytic viruses (OV) and second mitochondrial activator of caspase (Smac)-mimetic compounds (SMC) synergistically kill cancer cells directly. Here, the authors show that SMC and OV therapies combination also synergize in vivo by promoting anticancer immunity through an increase in CD8+ T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Sun Kim
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Himika Dastidar
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Chunfen Zhang
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Franz J Zemp
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Keith Lau
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Andrea Rakic
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Saif Sikdar
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Jahanara Rajwani
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Victor Naumenko
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Ben W Ewanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Pankaj Tailor
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Craig Jenne
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Chris Gafuik
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Douglas J Mahoney
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.
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13
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Allan ERO, Campden RI, Ewanchuk BW, Tailor P, Balce DR, McKenna NT, Greene CJ, Warren AL, Reinheckel T, Yates RM. A role for cathepsin Z in neuroinflammation provides mechanistic support for an epigenetic risk factor in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:103. [PMID: 28486971 PMCID: PMC5424360 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomethylation of the cathepsin Z locus has been proposed as an epigenetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). Cathepsin Z is a unique lysosomal cysteine cathepsin expressed primarily by antigen presenting cells. While cathepsin Z expression has been associated with neuroinflammatory disorders, a role for cathepsin Z in mediating neuroinflammation has not been previously established. METHODS Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in both wildtype mice and mice deficient in cathepsin Z. The effects of cathepsin Z-deficiency on the processing and presentation of the autoantigen myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and on the production of IL-1β and IL-18 were determined in vitro from cells derived from wildtype and cathepsin Z-deficient mice. The effects of cathepsin Z-deficiency on CD4+ T cell activation, migration, and infiltration to the CNS were determined in vivo. Statistical analyses of parametric data were performed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc tests, or by an unpaired Student's t test. EAE clinical scoring was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS We showed that mice deficient in cathepsin Z have reduced neuroinflammation and dramatically lowered circulating levels of IL-1β during EAE. Deficiency in cathepsin Z did not impact either the processing or the presentation of MOG, or MOG- specific CD4+ T cell activation and trafficking. Consistently, we found that cathepsin Z-deficiency reduced the efficiency of antigen presenting cells to secrete IL-1β, which in turn reduced the ability of mice to generate Th17 responses-critical steps in the pathogenesis of EAE and MS. CONCLUSION Together, these data support a novel role for cathepsin Z in the propagation of IL-1β-driven neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan R O Allan
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada
| | - Rhiannon I Campden
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 4AA10, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada
| | - Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 4AA10, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada
| | - Pankaj Tailor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 4AA10, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada
| | - Dale R Balce
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 4AA10, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada
| | - Neil T McKenna
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 4AA10, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada
| | - Catherine J Greene
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 4AA10, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada
| | - Amy L Warren
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robin M Yates
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HRIC 4AA10, Calgary, AB, T2N 4 N1, Canada.
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14
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Abstract
The phagosome is a redox-active organelle. Numerous reductive and oxidative systems play both direct and indirect roles in phagosomal function. With the advent of newer methodologies to study these redox events in live cells, the details of how redox conditions change within the maturing phagosome, how they are regulated, and how they influence other phagosomal functions can be investigated. In this chapter, we detail phagosome-specific, fluorescence-based assays that measure disulfide reduction and the production of reactive oxygen species in live phagocytes such as macrophages and dendritic cells, in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1.
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15
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Balce DR, Rybicka JM, Greene CJ, Ewanchuk BW, Yates RM. Ligation of FcγR Alters Phagosomal Processing of Protein via Augmentation of NADPH Oxidase Activity. Traffic 2016; 17:786-802. [PMID: 27020146 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis and the reduction of disulfides, both major components of protein degradation, are profoundly influenced by phagosomal redox conditions in macrophages. We evaluated the activation of phagocytic receptors that are known to influence activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2), and its effect on phagosomal protein degradation. Population-based and single phagosome analyses of phagosomal chemistries in murine macrophages revealed that activation of NOX2 via the Fcγ receptor (FcγR) during phagocytosis decreased rates of proteolysis and disulfide reduction. Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the inhibition of phagosomal proteolysis and disulfide reduction were dependent on NOX2, FcγR and protein kinase C (PKC)/spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) signaling. In contrast, low levels of ROS production were observed following the phagocytosis of unopsonized beads, which resulted in higher rates of phagosomal proteolysis and disulfide reduction. Phagosomes displayed autonomy with respect to FcγR-mediated differences in NOX2 activation and proteolysis, as phagosomes containing unopsonized cargo retained low NOX2 activation and high proteolysis even in the presence of phagosomes containing IgG-opsonized cargo in the same macrophage. These results show that opsonization of phagocytic cargo results in vastly different phagosomal processing of proteins through the FcγR-triggered, PKC/Syk-dependent local assembly and activation of NOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Joanna M Rybicka
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada
| | - Catherine J Greene
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Balce DR, Greene CJ, Tailor P, Yates RM. Endogenous and exogenous pathways maintain the reductive capacity of the phagosome. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 100:17-26. [PMID: 26710800 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2hi0315-083r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although endosomes, lysosomes, and phagosomes require a reductive environment for the optimal activity of disulfide reductases and other thiol-dependent enzymes, how these reductive environments are established and maintained remain unknown. Our goal in this study was to begin to elucidate the redox control systems responsible for maintaining redox-sensitive enzymatic activities in the phagolysosome of murine macrophages. Through the use of specific inhibitors and genetic knockdown of known redox enzymes, we identified redox pathways that influence phagosomal disulfide reduction. In particular, known inhibitors of the NADPH-dependent selenoprotein, thioredoxin reductase, were shown to inhibit phagosomal disulfide reduction and phagosomal proteolysis. This was supported by the observation that conditional deletion of the selenocysteine tRNA in macrophages decreased phagosomal disulfide reduction capacity. In addition, pharmacologic inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway decreased rates of disulfide reduction and proteolysis in the phagosome, implicating NADPH as a source of phagosomal reductive energy. Finally, by analyzing the effect of extracellular redox couples, such as cysteine:cystine on thiol-dependent phagosomal processes, we demonstrated that the extracellular space can additionally supply the phagosome with reductive energy. Collectively, these data demonstrate that defined cytosolic reductive pathways act in concert with the uptake of cysteine from the extracellular space to support thiol-dependent chemistries in the phagosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Catherine J Greene
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Pankaj Tailor
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Chaudhuri S, McKenna N, Balce DR, Yates RM. Infection of porcine bone marrow-derived macrophages by porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus impairs phagosomal maturation. J Gen Virol 2015; 97:669-679. [PMID: 26702996 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a positive-sense, ssRNA virus of the genus Arterivirus, is a devastating disease of swine worldwide. Key early targets of PRRSV infection in pigs include professional phagocytes in the lung, such as alveolar and interstitial macrophages and dendritic cells, the dysfunction of which is believed to be responsible for much of the associated mortality. In order to study the effect of virus infection on phagocyte function, the development of a robust, reproducible model would be advantageous. Given the limitations of current models, we set out to develop a porcine bone marrow-derived macrophage (PBMMΦ) cell model to study phagosomal maturation and function during PRRSV infection. Derivation of PBMMΦs from marrow using cultured L929 fibroblast supernatant produced a homogeneous population of cells that exhibited macrophage-like morphology and proficiency in Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis and phagosomal maturation. PBMMΦs were permissive to PRRSV infection, resulting in a productive infection that peaked at 24 h. Assessment of the effect of PRRSV infection on the properties of phagosomal maturation in PBMMΦs revealed a significant decrease in phagosomal proteolysis and lowered production of reactive oxygen species, but no change in PBMMΦ viability, phagocytosis or the ability of phagosomes to acidify. In this study, we present a new model to investigate PRRSV infection of phagocytes, which demonstrates a significant effect on phagosomal maturation with the associated implications on proper macrophage function. This model can also be used to study the effect on the phagosomal microenvironment of infection by other viruses targeting porcine macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibapriya Chaudhuri
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Neil McKenna
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Balce DR, Allan ERO, McKenna N, Yates RM. γ-Interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) maintains phagosomal proteolysis in alternatively activated macrophages. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31891-31904. [PMID: 25253686 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.584391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that lysosomal cysteine cathepsins require a reducing environment for optimal activity, it is not firmly established how these enzymes are maintained in their reduced-active state in the acidic and occasionally oxidative environment within phagosomes and lysosomes. γ-Interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) has been the only enzyme described in the endosomes, lysosomes, and phagosomes with the potential to catalyze the reduction of cysteine cathepsins. Our goal in the current study was to assess the effect of GILT on major phagosomal functions with an emphasis on proteolytic efficiency in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Assessment of phagosomal disulfide reduction upon internalization of IgG-opsonized experimental particles confirmed a major role for GILT in phagosomal disulfide reduction in both resting and interferon-γ-activated macrophages. Furthermore we observed a decrease in early phagosomal proteolytic efficiency in GILT-deficient macrophages, specifically in the absence of an NADPH oxidase-mediated respiratory burst. This deficiency was more prominent in IL-4-activated macrophages that inherently possess lower levels of NADPH oxidase activity. Finally, we provide evidence that GILT is required for optimal activity of the lysosomal cysteine protease, cathepsin S. In summary, our results suggest a role for GILT in maintaining cysteine cathepsin proteolytic efficiency in phagosomes, particularly in the absence of high NADPH oxidase activity, which is characteristic of alternatively activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Euan R O Allan
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Neil McKenna
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Allan ERO, Tailor P, Balce DR, Pirzadeh P, McKenna NT, Renaux B, Warren AL, Jirik FR, Yates RM. NADPH Oxidase Modifies Patterns of MHC Class II–Restricted Epitopic Repertoires through Redox Control of Antigen Processing. J I 2014; 192:4989-5001. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Balce DR, Yates RM. Redox-sensitive probes for the measurement of redox chemistries within phagosomes of macrophages and dendritic cells. Redox Biol 2013; 1:467-74. [PMID: 24191242 PMCID: PMC3814946 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently much interest in factors that affect redox chemistries within phagosomes of macrophages and dendritic cells. In addition to the antimicrobial role of reactive oxygen species generation within phagosomes, accumulating evidence suggests that phagosomal redox chemistries influence other phagosomal functions such as macromolecular degradation and antigen processing. Whilst the redox chemistries within many sub-cellular compartments are being heavily scrutinized with the increasing use of fluorescent probe technologies, there is a paucity of tools to assess redox conditions within phagosomes. Hence the systems that control redox homeostasis in these unique environments remain poorly defined. This review highlights current redox-sensitive probes that can measure oxidative or reductive activity in phagosomes and discusses their suitability and limitations of use. Probes that are easily targeted to the phagosome by using established approaches are emphasized. A review of redox probes and their use in macrophage and dendritic cell phagosomes. Techniques that allow for phagosomal-specific redox measurements are highlighted. Advantages and caveats of the most commonly used redox probes are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale R Balce
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1 ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
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Lemmon JC, McFarland RJ, Rybicka JM, Balce DR, McKeown KR, Krohn RM, Matsunaga TO, Yates RM. In vitro and in vivo transfection of primary phagocytes via microbubble-mediated intraphagosomal sonoporation. J Immunol Methods 2011; 371:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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