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Yankelevich M, Thakur A, Modak S, Chu R, Taub J, Martin A, Schalk DL, Schienshang A, Whitaker S, Rea K, Lee DW, Liu Q, Shields A, Cheung NK, Lum LG. Targeting GD2-positive Refractory/Resistant Neuroblastoma and Osteosarcoma with Anti- CD3 x Anti-GD2 Bispecific Antibody Armed T cells. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3570311. [PMID: 37986911 PMCID: PMC10659559 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3570311/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Since treatment of neuroblastoma (NB) with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies provides a survival benefit in children with minimal residual disease and our preclinical study shows that anti-CD3 x anti-GD2 bispecific antibody (GD2Bi) armed T cells (GD2BATs) were highly cytotoxic to GD2+ cell lines, we conducted a phase I/II study in recurrent/refractory patients to establish safety and explore the clinical benefit of GD2BATs. Methods The 3+3 dose escalation study (NCT02173093) phase I involved 9 evaluable patients with NB (n=5), osteosarcoma (OST) (n=3), and desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCT) (n=1) with twice weekly infusions of GD2BATs at 40, 80, or 160 x 106 GD2BATs/kg/infusion with daily interleukin 2 (300,000 IU/m2) and twice weekly granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (250 μg/m2). Phase II portion of the trial was conducted in patients with NB at the dose 3 level of 160 x 106 GD2BATs/kg/infusion but failed to enroll the planned number of patients. Results Nine of 12 patients in the phase I completed therapy. There were no dose limiting toxicities (DLTs). All patients developed mild and manageable cytokine release syndrome (CRS) with grade 2-3 fevers/chills, headaches, and occasional hypotension up to 72 hours after GD2BAT infusions. GD2-antibody associated pain was not significant in this study. The median OS for patients in the Phase I and limited Phase II was 18.0 and 31.2 months, respectively, whereas the combined OS was 21.1 months. There was a complete bone marrow response with overall stable disease in one of the phase I patients with NB. Ten of 12 phase II patients were evaluable for response: 1 had partial response. Three additional patients were deemed to have clinical benefit with prolonged stable disease. More than 50% of evaluable patients showed augmented immune responses to GD2+ targets after GD2BATs as measured by interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) EliSpots, Th1 cytokines, and/or chemokines. Conclusions Our study demonstrated safety of up to 160 x 106 cells/kg/infusion of GD2BATs. Combined with evidence for the development of post treatment endogenous immune responses, this data supports further investigation of GD2 BATs in larger Phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland Chu
- Children's Hospital of Michigan (CHM), Wayne State University
| | - Jeffrey Taub
- Children's Hospital of Michigan (CHM), Wayne State University
| | - Alissa Martin
- Children's Hospital of Michigan (CHM), Wayne State University
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Sturek JM, Thomas TA, Gorham JD, Sheppard CA, Raymond AH, Petros De Guex K, Harrington WB, Barros AJ, Madden GR, Alkabab YM, Lu DY, Liu Q, Poulter MD, Mathers AJ, Thakur A, Schalk DL, Kubicka EM, Lum LG, Heysell SK. Convalescent Plasma for Preventing Critical Illness in COVID-19: a Phase 2 Trial and Immune Profile. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0256021. [PMID: 35196802 PMCID: PMC8865433 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02560-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an unprecedented event requiring frequent adaptation to changing clinical circumstances. Convalescent immune plasma (CIP) is a promising treatment that can be mobilized rapidly in a pandemic setting. We tested whether administration of SARS-CoV-2 CIP at hospital admission could reduce the rate of ICU transfer or 28-day mortality or alter levels of specific antibody responses before and after CIP infusion. In a single-arm phase II study, patients >18 years-old with respiratory symptoms with confirmed COVID-19 infection who were admitted to a non-ICU bed were administered two units of CIP within 72 h of admission. Levels of SARS-CoV-2 detected by PCR in the respiratory tract and circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were sequentially measured before and after CIP transfusion. Twenty-nine patients were transfused high titer CIP and 48 contemporaneous comparable controls were identified. All classes of antibodies to the three SARS-CoV-2 target proteins were significantly increased at days 7 and 14 post-transfusion compared with baseline (P < 0.01). Anti-nucleocapsid IgA levels were reduced at day 28, suggesting that the initial rise may have been due to the contribution of CIP. The groups were well-balanced, without statistically significant differences in demographics or co-morbidities or use of remdesivir or dexamethasone. In participants transfused with CIP, the rate of ICU transfer was 13.8% compared to 27.1% for controls with a hazard ratio 0.506 (95% CI 0.165-1.554), and 28-day mortality was 6.9% compared to 10.4% for controls, hazard ratio 0.640 (95% CI 0.124-3.298). IMPORTANCE Transfusion of high-titer CIP to non-critically ill patients early after admission with COVID-19 respiratory disease was associated with significantly increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies (compared to baseline) and a non-significant reduction in ICU transfer and death (compared to controls). This prospective phase II trial provides a suggestion that the antiviral effects of CIP from early in the COVID-19 pandemic may delay progression to critical illness and death in specific patient populations. This study informs the optimal timing and potential population of use for CIP in COVID-19, particularly in settings without access to other interventions, or in planning for future coronavirus pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Sturek
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tania A. Thomas
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James D. Gorham
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Chelsea A. Sheppard
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Allison H. Raymond
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kristen Petros De Guex
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - William B. Harrington
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew J. Barros
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gregory R. Madden
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yosra M. Alkabab
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David Y. Lu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melinda D. Poulter
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy J. Mathers
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Archana Thakur
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Dana L. Schalk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ewa M. Kubicka
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lawrence G. Lum
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott K. Heysell
- Division of Infectious Diseases & International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Thakur A, Scholler J, Kubicka E, Bliemeister ET, Schalk DL, June CH, Lum LG. Bispecific Antibody Armed Metabolically Enhanced Headless CAR T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690437. [PMID: 34290709 PMCID: PMC8288104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapies for solid tumors is challenging. We generated metabolically enhanced co-activated-T cells by transducing intracellular co-stimulatory (41BB, ICOS or ICOS-27) and CD3ζ T cell receptor signaling domains followed by arming with bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) to produce armed “Headless CAR T cells” (hCART). Various hCART armed with BiAb directed at CD3ϵ and various tumor associated antigens were tested for: 1) specific cytotoxicity against solid tumors targets; 2) repeated and dual sequential cytotoxicity; 3) survival and cytotoxicity under in vitro hypoxic condition; and 4) cytokine secretion. The 41BBζ transduced hCART (hCART41BBζ) armed with HER2 BiAb (HER2 hCART41BBζ) or armed with EGFR BiAb (EGFR hCART41BBζ) killed multiple tumor lines significantly better than control T cells and secreted Th1 cytokines/chemokines upon tumor engagement at effector to target ratio (E:T) of 2:1 or 1:1. HER2 hCART serially killed tumor targets up to 14 days. Sequential targeting of EGFR or HER2 positive tumors with HER2 hCART41BBζ followed by EGFR hCART41BBζ showed significantly increased cytotoxicity compared single antigen targeting and continue to kill under in vitro hypoxic conditions. In summary, metabolically enhanced headless CAR T cells are effective serial killers of tumor targets, secrete cytokines and chemokines, and continue to kill under in vitro hypoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Thakur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ewa Kubicka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Edwin T Bliemeister
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Dana L Schalk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lawrence G Lum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Thakur A, Ung J, Tomaszewski EN, Schienschang A, LaBrie TM, Schalk DL, Lum LG. Priming of pancreatic cancer cells with bispecific antibody armed activated T cells sensitizes tumors for enhanced chemoresponsiveness. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1930883. [PMID: 34123574 PMCID: PMC8172155 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1930883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the ability of bispecific antibody armed activated T cells to target drug resistant pancreatic cancer cells and whether or not “priming” these resistant cancer cells with bispecific antibody armed activated T cells could enhance subsequent responsiveness to chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemotherapeutic responses for pancreatic cancer are either limited or the tumors develop resistance to chemotherapy regimens. The impetus for this study was the remarkable clinical response seen in our earlier phase I/II clinical trial: a pancreatic cancer patient with drug resistant tumors who showed progression of disease following three infusions of anti-CD3 x anti-EGFR bispecific antibody armed activated T cells (EGFR BATs) was restarted on the initial low dose of 5-fluorouracil showed complete response, suggesting that BATs infusions may have sensitized patient’s tumor for chemoresponsiveness. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that BATs can sensitize tumors for chemoresponsiveness. Gemcitabine or cisplatin-resistant MiaPaCa-2 and L3.6 cell lines were effectively targeted by EGFR BATs. Priming of drug sensitive or resistant cells with EGFR BATs followed by retargeting with lower concentrations of 50% inhibitory concentration of gemcitabine or cisplatin showed enhanced cytotoxicity. Gemcitabine or cisplatin-resistant cell lines show an increased proportion of CD44+/CD24+/EpCAM+ cancer stem like cells as well as an increased number of ABC transporter ABCG2 positive cells compared to the parental cell lines. These data suggest that bispecific antibody armed activated T cells can target and kill chemo-resistant tumor cells and also markedly augment subsequent chemotherapeutic responsiveness, possibly by modulating the expression of ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Thakur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Johnson Ung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elyse N Tomaszewski
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy Schienschang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy M LaBrie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Dana L Schalk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Lawrence G Lum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Thakur A, Kondadasula SV, Ji K, Schalk DL, Bliemeister E, Ung J, Aboukameel A, Casarez E, Sloane BF, Lum LG. Anti-tumor and immune modulating activity of T cell induced tumor-targeting effectors (TITE). Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:633-656. [PMID: 32865605 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of Bispecific antibody Armed activated T cells (BATs) showed promising anti-tumor activity in clinical trials in solid tumors. The cytotoxic activity of BATs occurs upon engagement with tumor cells via the bispecific antibody (BiAb) bridge, which stimulates BATs to release cytotoxic molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and other signaling molecules extracellularly. We hypothesized that the release of BATs Induced Tumor-Targeting Effectors (TITE) by this complex interaction of T cells, bispecific antibody, and tumor cells may serve as a potent anti-tumor and immune-activating immunotherapeutic approach. In a 3D tumorsphere model, TITE showed potent cytotoxic activity against multiple breast cancer cell lines compared to control conditioned media (CM): Tumor-CM (T-CM), BATs-CM (B-CM), BiAb Armed PBMC-CM (BAP-CM) or PBMC-CM (P-CM). Multiplex cytokine analysis showed high levels of Th1 cytokines and chemokines; phospho-protein signaling array data suggest that the prominent JAK1/STAT1 pathway may be responsible for the induction and release of Th1 cytokines/chemokines in TITE. In xenograft breast cancer models, IV injections of 10× concentrated TITE (3×/week for 3 weeks; 150 μl TITE/injection) was able to inhibit tumor growth significantly (ICR/scid, p < 0.003; NSG p < 0.008) compared to the control mice. We tested the key components of the TITE for immune activating and anti-tumor activity individually and in combinations, the combination of IFN-γ, TNF-α and MIP-1β recapitulates the key activities of the TITE. In summary, master mix of active components of BATs-Tumor complex-derived TITE can provide a clinically controllable cell-free platform to target various tumor types regardless of the heterogeneous nature of the tumor cells and mutational tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Thakur
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, 1335 Lee Street, West Complex 7191, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Sri Vidya Kondadasula
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Kyungmin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Dana L Schalk
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, 1335 Lee Street, West Complex 7191, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Edwin Bliemeister
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, 1335 Lee Street, West Complex 7191, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Johnson Ung
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, 1335 Lee Street, West Complex 7191, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Amro Aboukameel
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Eli Casarez
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, 1335 Lee Street, West Complex 7191, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Bonnie F Sloane
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lawrence G Lum
- Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, 1335 Lee Street, West Complex 7191, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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Thakur A, Yarlagadda S, Ji K, Schalk DL, Ung J, Bliemeister ET, Aboukameel A, Casarez E, Sloane BF, Lum LG. Abstract 5036: Induction of highly efficacious anti-tumor activity and modulation of tumor microenvironment: Cell-free off the shelf therapeutic modality. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-5036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of Bispecific antibody Armed activated T cells (BATs) show promising anti-tumor activity in clinical trials in solid tumors. The cytotoxic activity of BATs occur upon engagement with tumor cells via the bispecific antibody bridge which stimulates BATs to release not only the lytic and cytotoxic molecules (perforin/granzyme) but also cytokines, chemokines and other signaling molecules extracellularly. We hypothesized that the release of extracellular soluble factors by this complex interaction of T cells, bispecific antibody, and tumor cells may serve as a potent anti-tumor and immune activating conditioned media (CM). In a 3D tumorsphere model, tumor+BATs-CM (n=10) showed potent cytotoxicity (p<0.001) against multiple breast (MDA-MB-231, BT-20, SK-BR-3 and MCF-7) and other cancer cell lines (p<0.001) compared to control tumor-CM or BATs-CM. Tumor+BATs-CM (n=6) was able to reduce the proportion of CD44hi/CD24lo cancer stem like cells to 0.7% compared to 4.9% in control CM. The addition of tumor+BATs-CM decreased the proportions of T regulatory cells (5% to 1.1%; p<0.02) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (3.8% to 1.2%; p<0.03), but increased activation and proliferation of effector T cells in 3D cultures compared to control CM (n=3). Size based CM factionation showed that most activity is retained in the <50kDa but >10kDa fraction. Multiplex analysis showed high levels of IL-2, IL-15, IFN-γ, TNF-α, GM-CSF, granszyme B (GZB), IL-13, MIP-1β, IP-10, MIG and RANTES. These factors are likely responsible for the cytolytic and immune activating effects. Phospho-specific signaling protein arrays showed enhanced JAK1/STAT-1/STAT-5A, Rac/cdc42/STIM-1) pathways in tumor+BATs-CM (n=3). Exosomal microRNA (miR) in tumor+BAT-CM showed higher expression of several miRs that are associated with T cell function and activation compared to control CM (n=2). Simulations using cocktails of multiple cytokines were done to test anti-tumor activity, IFN-γ/TNF-α/GZB showed potent cytotoxicity directed at breast (58-78%) and pancreatic cancer (50-72%) cell lines compared to 45-65%, 20-27%, 18-25% with IFN-γ, TNF-α and GZB individually, respectively. In a xenograft breast cancer model, IV and intra-tumoral injections of 10x concentrated tumor+BAT-CM (3x/week for 4 weeks;150μl CM/injection) was able to inhibit tumor growth significantly (p<0.01) compared to the control CM treated mice (n=10 mice/group). Therapeutic advantages of CM include: 1) a ready off-the-shelf product; 2) a decrease in regulatory and manufacturing costs. In summary, BATs-Tumor complex derived CM provides a clinically controllable cell-free platform to target various tumor types with diverse anti-cancer immune activating mediators regardless of the heterogeneous nature of the tumor cells and mutational burden as a novel and potent off-the-shelf therapeutic modality.
Citation Format: Archana Thakur, SriVidya Yarlagadda, Kyungmin Ji, Dana L. Schalk, Johnson Ung, Edwin T. Bliemeister, Amro Aboukameel, Eli Casarez, Bonnie F. Sloane, Lawrence G. Lum. Induction of highly efficacious anti-tumor activity and modulation of tumor microenvironment: Cell-free off the shelf therapeutic modality [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5036.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Thakur
- 1University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | | | - Dana L. Schalk
- 1University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Johnson Ung
- 1University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | | | - Eli Casarez
- 1University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA
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Frontera ED, Khansa RM, Schalk DL, Leakan LE, Guerin-Edbauer TJ, Ratnam M, Gorski DH, Speyer CL. IgA Fc-folate conjugate activates and recruits neutrophils to directly target triple-negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 172:551-560. [PMID: 30155754 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-018-4941-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE According to the American Cancer Society, 1 in 8 women in the U.S. will develop breast cancer, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprising 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. TNBC is an aggressive subtype due to its high metastatic potential and lack of targeted therapy. Recently, folate receptor alpha (FRA) is found to be expressed on 80% of TNBC with high expression correlating with poor prognosis. In this study, we examined whether binding IgA Fc-folate molecules to FRA receptors on TNBC cells can elicit and induce neutrophils (PMNs), by binding their FcαR1 receptors, to destroy TNBC cells. METHODS FRA was analyzed on TNBC cells and binding assays were performed using 3H-folate. Fc-folate was synthesized by linking Fc fragments of IgA via amine groups to folate. Binding specificity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) potential of Fc-folate to FcαR1 were confirmed by measuring PMN adhesion and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release in a cell-based ELISA. Fc-folate binding to FRA-expressing TNBC cells inducing PMNs to destroy these cells was determined using 51Cr-release and calcein-labeling assays. RESULTS Our results demonstrate expression of FRA on TNBC cells at levels consistent with folate binding. Fc-folate binds with high affinity to FRA compared to whole IgA-folate and induces MPO release from PMN when bound to FcαR1. Fc-folate inhibited binding of 3H-folate to TNBC cells and induced significant cell lysis of TNBC cells when incubated in the presence of PMNs. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that an IgA Fc-folate conjugate can destroy TNBC cells by eliciting PMN-mediated ADCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Frontera
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 4707 St. Antoine, Box 402, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Rafa M Khansa
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, 4707 St. Antoine, Box 402, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Dana L Schalk
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave., I MSB 7191 West Complex I, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Lauren E Leakan
- Wayne State University, 42 West Warren Avenue, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Tracey J Guerin-Edbauer
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Manohar Ratnam
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David H Gorski
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Cecilia L Speyer
- Michael and Marian Ilitch Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R St., Mailcode HW08AO, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. .,Tumor Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, 4100 John R St., Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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Lum LG, Thakur A, Kondadasula SV, Al-Kadhimi Z, Deol A, Tomaszewski EN, Yano H, Schalk DL, Ayash L, Zonder JA, Uberti JP, Abidi MH, Ratanatharathorn V. Targeting CD138-/CD20+ Clonogenic Myeloma Precursor Cells Decreases These Cells and Induces Transferable Antimyeloma Immunity. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:869-78. [PMID: 26827660 PMCID: PMC6820521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This phase Ib clinical trial evaluated whether pretargeting of CD20(+) clonogenic myeloma precursor cells (CMPCs) with anti-CD3 × anti-CD20 bispecific antibody-armed T cells (BATs) before autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT) in patients with standard-risk and high-risk multiple myeloma would induce antimyeloma immunity that could be detected and boosted after SCT. All 12 patients enrolled in this study received 2 BATs infusions before SCT, and 4 patients received a booster infusion of BATs after SCT. Pretargeting CD138(-)/CD20(+) CMPCs with BATs before SCT was safe and reduced levels of CMPCs by up to 58% in the postinfusion bone marrow in patients who remained in remission. Four of 5 patients who remained in remission had a >5-fold increase in IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunospot responses. SOX2 antibody increased after BATs infusions and persisted after SCT. The median anti-SOX2 level at 3 months after SCT was 28.1 ng/mL (range, 4.6 to 256 ng/mL) in patients who relapsed and 46 ng/mL (range, 28.3 to 73.3 ng/mL) in patients who remained in remission. The immune correlates suggest that infusions of targeted T cells given before SCT were able to reduce CMPC levels and induced cellular and humoral antimyeloma immunity that could be transferred and boosted after SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence G Lum
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
| | - Archana Thakur
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
| | | | - Zaid Al-Kadhimi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Abhinav Deol
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yano
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dana L Schalk
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lois Ayash
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jeffrey A Zonder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Joseph P Uberti
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Muneer H Abidi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Voravit Ratanatharathorn
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
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9
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Dzinic SH, Chen K, Thakur A, Kaplun A, Bonfil RD, Li X, Liu J, Bernardo MM, Saliganan A, Back JB, Yano H, Schalk DL, Tomaszewski EN, Beydoun AS, Dyson G, Mujagic A, Krass D, Dean I, Mi QS, Heath E, Sakr W, Lum LG, Sheng S. Maspin expression in prostate tumor elicits host anti-tumor immunity. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11225-36. [PMID: 25373490 PMCID: PMC4294340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study is to examine the biological effects of epithelial-specific tumor suppressor maspin on tumor host immune response. Accumulated evidence demonstrates an anti-tumor effect of maspin on tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. The molecular mechanism underlying these biological functions of maspin is thought to be through histone deacetylase inhibition, key to the maintenance of differentiated epithelial phenotype. Since tumor-driven stromal reactivities co-evolve in tumor progression and metastasis, it is not surprising that maspin expression in tumor cells inhibits extracellular matrix degradation, increases fibrosis and blocks hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Using the athymic nude mouse model capable of supporting the growth and progression of xenogeneic human prostate cancer cells, we further demonstrate that maspin expression in tumor cells elicits neutrophil- and B cells-dependent host tumor immunogenicity. Specifically, mice bearing maspin-expressing tumors exhibited increased systemic and intratumoral neutrophil maturation, activation and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, and decreased peritumoral lymphangiogenesis. These results reveal a novel biological function of maspin in directing host immunity towards tumor elimination that helps explain the significant reduction of xenograft tumor incidence in vivo and the clinical correlation of maspin with better prognosis of several types of cancer. Taken together, our data raised the possibility for novel maspin-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijana H Dzinic
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Kang Chen
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Detroit, Michigan. Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Archana Thakur
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Alexander Kaplun
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Current address: BIOBASE Corporation, Beverly, Massachusetts
| | - R Daniel Bonfil
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Urology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jason Liu
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - M Margarida Bernardo
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Allen Saliganan
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Urology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Jessica B Back
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dana L Schalk
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elyse N Tomaszewski
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ahmed S Beydoun
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Adelina Mujagic
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - David Krass
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ivory Dean
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Qing-Sheng Mi
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elisabeth Heath
- Department of Urology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Wael Sakr
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Lawrence G Lum
- Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Shijie Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan. Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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10
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Lum LG, Thakur A, Liu Q, Deol A, Al-Kadhimi Z, Ayash L, Abidi MH, Pray C, Tomaszewski EN, Steele PA, Schalk DL, Yano H, Mitchell A, Dufresne M, Uberti JP, Ratanatharathorn V. CD20-targeted T cells after stem cell transplantation for high risk and refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:925-33. [PMID: 23529012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A phase I trial of infusing anti-CD3 × anti-CD20 bispecific antibody (CD20Bi) armed activated T cells (aATC) was conducted in high-risk/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients to determine whether aATC infusions are safe, affect immune recovery, and induce an antilymphoma effect. Ex vivo expanded ATC from 12 patients were armed with anti-CD20 bispecific antibody, cryopreserved, and infused after autologous stem cell transplantation (SCT). Patients underwent SCT after high-dose chemotherapy, and aATC infusions were started on day +4. The patients received 1 infusion of aATC per week for 4 weeks after SCT with doses of 5, 10, 15, and 20 × 10(9). aATC infusions were safe and did not impair engraftment. The major side effects were chills, fever, hypotension, and fatigue. The mean number of IFN-γ Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Spots (ElSpots) directed at CD20 positive lymphoma cells (DAUDI, P = .0098) and natural killer cell targets (K562, P < .0051) and the mean specific cytotoxicity directed at DAUDI (P = .037) and K562 (P = .002) from pre-SCT to post-SCT were significantly higher. The increase in IFN-γ EliSpots from pre-SCT to post-SCT in patients who received armed ATC after SCT were significantly higher than those in patients who received SCT alone (P = .02). Serum IL-7, IL-15, Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 beta, IP-10, MIP-1α, and Monokine induced by gamma interferone increased within hours after infusion. Polyclonal and specific antibodies were near normal 3 months after SCT. aATC infusions were safe and increased innate and specific antilymphoma cell immunity without impairing antibody recovery after SCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence G Lum
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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