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Tabberer M, Williamson N, Tatlock S, Gater A, Grimes R, Akinseye C, Neil D, Mahon-Smith A, Nelsen L. Qualitative interviews of patients with COPD and muscle weakness enrolled in a clinical trial evaluating a new anabolic treatment: patient perspectives of disease experience, trial participation and outcome assessments. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2024; 8:45. [PMID: 38641716 PMCID: PMC11031513 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-024-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and muscle weakness can cause impaired physical function, significantly impacting patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Loss of muscle strength is usually assessed through clinical and performance outcome (PerfO) assessments, which consists of tasks performed in a standardized manner, providing evidence of a patient's functional ability. However, evidence documenting the patient experience of COPD and muscle weakness is limited. METHODS This two-stage qualitative study used semi-structured interviews in patients aged 45-80 years with COPD (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1s [FEV1]/forced vital capacity ratio < 0.70, and FEV1% predicted of 30-80%) and muscle weakness. In Stage 1, 30-minute concept elicitation interviews were conducted with participants recruited across three US sites to explore impacts on physical functioning and activities of daily living. In Stage 2, interviews were performed with participants exiting a Phase IIa trial investigating the efficacy of a selective androgen receptor modulator (GSK2881078) on leg strength, whereby PerfOs were used to evaluate strength and physical functioning endpoints. These participants completed either 60-minute in-depth (n = 32) or 15-minute confirmatory (n = 35) interviews exploring trial experience, completion of outcome measures, disease experience and treatment satisfaction. RESULTS In Stage 1 (n = 20), most participants described their muscles as weak (83.3%). Difficulties with walking (100%) and lifting heavy objects (90%) were reported. In Stage 2, 60-minute interviews, all participants (n = 32) reported a positive trial experience. Most participants reported that the home exercise program was easy to fit into daily life (77.8%), the PROactive daily diary was easy to complete (100%) and wearable sensors were easy to use (65.6%). However, technical issues were reported (71%), and few participants (19.4%) found physical assessments easy to complete. Improvements in muscle strength and functional limitations were reported by most participants. The shorter 15-minute confirmatory interviews (n = 35) supported the in-depth interview results. CONCLUSION The qualitative interviews generated in-depth evidence of key concepts relevant to patients with COPD and muscle weakness and support the assessments of patient strength and physical function as outcome measures in this population in future studies. TRIAL NUMBER GSK Stage 1: 206869; Stage 2: 200182, NCT03359473; Registered December 2, 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03359473 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam Gater
- PCO, Adelphi Values Ltd, Bollington, Cheshire, UK
| | | | | | - David Neil
- GSK R&D, 1250 S Collegeville Road, 19426, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Linda Nelsen
- GSK R&D, 1250 S Collegeville Road, 19426, Collegeville, PA, USA.
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Lunardi F, Vedovelli L, Pezzuto F, Pavec JL, Dorfmuller P, Ivanovic M, Pena T, Wassilew K, Perch M, Hirschi S, Chenard M, Neil D, Montero-Fernandez M, Rice A, Cozzi E, Rea F, Levine D, Roux A, Goddard M, Fishbein G, Calabrese F. Phosphorylated S6 Ribosomal Protein as an Additional Marker of Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Lung Allografts: A Multicentre Study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Mohan D, Rossiter H, Watz H, Fogarty C, Evans RA, Man W, Tabberer M, Beerahee M, Kumar S, Millns H, Thomas S, Tal-Singer R, Russell AJ, Holland MC, Akinseye C, Neil D, Polkey MI. Selective androgen receptor modulation for muscle weakness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised control trial. Thorax 2023; 78:258-266. [PMID: 36283827 PMCID: PMC9985744 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2021-218360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) increase muscle mass via the androgen receptor. This phase 2A trial investigated the effects of a SARM, GSK2881078, in conjunction with exercise, on leg strength in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and impaired physical function. METHODS 47 postmenopausal women and 50 men with COPD (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 30%-65% predicted; short physical performance battery score: 3-11) were enrolled into a randomised double-blind, placebo control trial. Patients were randomised 1:1 to once daily placebo or oral GSK2881078 (females: 1.0 mg; males: 2.0 mg) for 13 weeks with a concurrent home-exercise programme, involving strength training and physical activity. Primary endpoints were change from baseline in leg strength at 90 days (one-repetition maximum; absolute (kg) and relative (% change)) and multiple safety outcomes. Secondary endpoints included lean body mass, physical function and patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS GSK2881078 increased leg strength in men. The difference in adjusted mean change from baseline and adjusted mean percentage change from baseline between treatment and placebo were: for women, 8.0 kg (90% CI -2.5 to 18.4) and 5.2% (90% CI -4.7 to 15.0), respectively; for men, 11.8 kg (90% CI -0.5 to 24.0) and 7.0% (90% CI 0.5 to 13.6), respectively. Lean body mass increased, but no changes in patient-reported outcomes were observed. Reversible reductions in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and transient elevations in hepatic transaminases were the main treatment-related safety findings. CONCLUSIONS GSK2881078 was well tolerated and short-term treatment increased leg strength, when expressed as per cent predicted, in men with COPD more than physical training alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03359473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mohan
- GlaxoSmithKline USA, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Henrik Watz
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Charles Fogarty
- Spartanburg Medical Research, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rachael A Evans
- Respiratory Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - William Man
- Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Helen Millns
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage, UK
| | - Sebin Thomas
- Department of Biostatistics and Programming, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | | | - David Neil
- GlaxoSmithKline USA, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael I Polkey
- Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Kemp PR, Paul R, Hinken AC, Neil D, Russell A, Griffiths MJ. Metabolic profiling shows pre-existing mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to muscle loss in a model of ICU-acquired weakness. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1321-1335. [PMID: 32677363 PMCID: PMC7567140 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery can lead to significant muscle loss, which increases recovery time and associates with increased mortality. Muscle loss is not uniform, with some patients losing significant muscle mass and others losing relatively little, and is likely to be accompanied by marked changes in circulating metabolites and proteins. Determining these changes may help understand the variability and identify novel therapeutic approaches or markers of muscle wasting. METHODS To determine the association between muscle loss and circulating metabolites, we studied 20 male patients (median age, 70.5, interquartile range, 62.5-75) undergoing aortic surgery. Muscle mass was determined before and 7 days after surgery and blood samples were taken before surgery, and 1, 3, and 7 days after surgery. The circulating metabolome and proteome were determined using commercial services (Metabolon and SomaLogic). RESULTS Ten patients lost more than 10% of the cross-sectional area of the rectus femoris (RFCSA ) and were defined as wasting. Metabolomic analysis showed that 557 circulating metabolites were altered following surgery (q < 0.05) in the whole cohort and 104 differed between wasting and non-wasting patients (q < 0.05). Weighted genome co-expression network analysis, identified clusters of metabolites, both before and after surgery, that associated with muscle mass and function (r = -0.72, p = 6 × 10-4 with RFCSA on Day 0, P = 3 × 10-4 with RFCSA on Day 7 and r = -0.73, P = 5 × 10-4 with hand-grip strength on Day 7). These clusters were mainly composed of acyl carnitines and dicarboxylates indicating that pre-existing mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to muscle loss following surgery. Surgery elevated cortisol to the same extent in wasting and non-wasting patients, but the cortisol:cortisone ratio was higher in the wasting patients (Day 3 P = 0.043 and Day 7 P = 0.016). Wasting patients also showed a greater increase in circulating nucleotides 3 days after surgery. Comparison of the metabolome with inflammatory markers identified by SOMAscan® showed that pre-surgical mitochondrial dysfunction was associated with growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) (r = 0.79, P = 2 × 10-4 ) and that GDF-15, interleukin (IL)-8), C-C motif chemokine 23 (CCL-23), and IL-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL-15RA) contributed to metabolic changes in response to surgery. CONCLUSIONS We show that pre-existing mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced cortisol inactivation contribute to muscle loss following surgery. The data also implicate GDF-15 and IL-15RA in mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Kemp
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Richard Paul
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.,Department of Intensive Care, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Aaron C Hinken
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - David Neil
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Alan Russell
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA.,Edgewise Therapeutics, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mark J Griffiths
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Interface Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
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ONU U, Onu I, Okoye J, Onodugo O, Arodiwe E, Ijoma C, Ulasi I, Dwomoa A, Ojo A, Salako B, Neil D. SUN-111 THE SAFETY OF RENAL BIOPSY IN HIV- INFECTED PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Trantham L, Sikirica MV, Candrilli SD, Benson VS, Mohan D, Neil D, Joshi AV. Healthcare costs and utilization associated with muscle weakness diagnosis codes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a United States claims analysis. J Med Econ 2019; 22:319-327. [PMID: 30580639 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2018.1563414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Muscle weakness (MW)-attributable healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not been well-characterized in US insurance claims databases. The primary objective of this study was to estimate HCRU in patients with evidence of COPD with and without MW diagnosis codes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective analysis used the MarketScan® Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicare Supplemental and Coordination of Benefits databases. Between January 2007 and March 2016, we identified patients aged ≥40 years with diagnosis codes for COPD (≥1 emergency department or inpatient claim or ≥2 outpatient claims within 1 year). The cohort was divided into patients with and without ≥1 MW diagnosis code. Propensity score matching was used to generate pairs of patients with and without MW (1:1). Multivariable regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted incremental costs and utilization attributable to the presence of MW diagnosis codes among patients with COPD. RESULTS Of 427,131 patients who met the study inclusion criteria, 14% had evidence of MW. After matching, 107,420 unique patients remained equally distributed across MW status. Patients with MW diagnosis codes had greater predicted annual HCRU, $2,465 greater total predicted annual COPD-related costs, and $15,179 greater total all-cause costs than those without MW diagnosis codes. Overall, <1% of patients received COPD-related pulmonary rehabilitation services. LIMITATIONS Study limitations include the potential for undercoding of MW and lack of information on severity of MW in claims data. CONCLUSION The presence of MW diagnosis codes yielded higher HCRU in this COPD population and suggests that the burden of MW affects both all-cause and COPD-related care. However, utilization of pulmonary rehabilitation, a known effective treatment for MW, remains low. Future research should expand on our results by assessing data sources that allow for clinical confirmation of MW among patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Trantham
- a Health Economics, RTI Health Solutions , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Mirko V Sikirica
- b Value Evidence and Outcomes , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , PA , USA
| | - Sean D Candrilli
- a Health Economics, RTI Health Solutions , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Victoria S Benson
- c Real World Evidence and Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline , West Drayton , Uxbridge , UK
| | - Divya Mohan
- d Research and Development, GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , PA , USA
| | - David Neil
- b Value Evidence and Outcomes , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , PA , USA
| | - Ashish V Joshi
- b Value Evidence and Outcomes , GlaxoSmithKline , Collegeville , PA , USA
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Neil D, Clark RV, Magee M, Billiard J, Chan A, Xue Z, Russell A. GSK2881078, a SARM, Produces Dose-Dependent Increases in Lean Mass in Healthy Older Men and Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3215-3224. [PMID: 29982690 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) 2881078 is a nonsteroidal, selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) under investigation by GSK for treatment of reduced mobility and other functional limitation in men and women with muscle weakness associated with chronic and acute illnesses. OBJECTIVE This was a phase 1b study intended to explore across a dose range the pharmacokinetics (PK)-pharmacodynamics relationship and further safety and tolerability data for GSK2881078. This study also evaluated effects of CYP3A4 inhibition on PK of GSK2881078. METHODS This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, repeat-dose, dose-escalation study in healthy older males and postmenopausal females. A total of three cohorts of males and three cohorts of females were studied. Dosing at each dose level was twice daily for the first 3 days followed by once daily for up to 53 days. Repeated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and MRI cross-sectional thigh scans were performed. The effect of CYP3A4 inhibition on GSK2881078 PK was evaluated in a separate cohort. RESULTS GSK2881078 was generally well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported. Compared with placebo, there was greater lean mass accrual with all dose levels of GSK2881078. Females exhibited a greater response at lower doses than did males. Transient elevations of alanine aminotransferase were observed. The effect of CYP3A4 inhibition on GKS2881078 PK was unlikely to be of clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS GSK2881078 yielded dose-dependent increases in lean mass with evidence of enhanced sensitivity in women. The compound was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neil
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard V Clark
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mindy Magee
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Billiard
- Muscle Metabolism Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ann Chan
- GlaxoSmithKline, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhengyu Xue
- Genomic Medicine, PAREXEL, Durham, North Carolina
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Liu B, Neil D, Bhabra M, Hayer M, Baig S, Price A, Edwards N, Steeds R. P2571Sex differences in left ventricular remodelling in volume overload due to primary degenerative mitral regurgitation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Neil
- University Hospital Birmingham, Histopathology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Bhabra
- University Hospital Birmingham, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Hayer
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Baig
- University Hospital Birmingham, Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Price
- University Hospital Birmingham, Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Edwards
- University Hospital Birmingham, Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Steeds
- University Hospital Birmingham, Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Neil D. Letter to the Editor. Puzzling posology: was the bevacizumab regimen in recurrent glioblastoma misreported? J Neurosurg 2018; 128:1260. [DOI: 10.3171/2017.5.jns171208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Calabrese F, Lunardi F, Le Pavec J, Dorfmuller P, Ivanovic M, Pena T, Wassilew K, Perch M, Hirschi S, Chenard M, Neil D, Montero-Fernandez A, Rice A, Cozzi E, Tellaroli P, Rea F, Levine D, Goddard M. Phosphorylated P70 S6 Kinase and S6 Ribosomal Protein Value as Diagnostic Marker of Antibody-mediated Rejection in Lung Allografts: A Multicenter Study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Deane AM, Lamontagne F, Dukes GE, Neil D, Vasist L, Barton ME, Hacquoil K, Ou X, Richards D, Stelfox HT, Mehta S, Day AG, Chapman MJ, Heyland DK. Nutrition Adequacy Therapeutic Enhancement in the Critically Ill: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Motilin Receptor Agonist Camicinal (GSK962040): The NUTRIATE Study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2017; 42:949-959. [DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Deane
- Department of Critical Care Services; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide Australia
- Discipline of Acute Care Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
- Intensive Care Unit; Royal Melbourne Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - Francois Lamontagne
- Department of Medicine; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Canada
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke Canada
| | - George E. Dukes
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D; Research Triangle Park; North Caroliana USA
| | - David Neil
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D; Research Triangle Park; North Caroliana USA
| | - Lakshmi Vasist
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D; Research Triangle Park; North Caroliana USA
| | - Matthew E. Barton
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D; Research Triangle Park; North Caroliana USA
- Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Hampton New Jersey USA
| | | | | | | | - Henry T. Stelfox
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Medicine and Community Health Sciences, O'Brien Institute for Public Health; University of Calgary; Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Sangeeta Mehta
- Department of Medicine and Interdepartmental, Division of Critical Care Medicine; Sinai Health System and University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Day
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital; Kingston Canada
| | - Marianne J. Chapman
- Department of Critical Care Services; Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide Australia
- Discipline of Acute Care Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
| | - Daren K. Heyland
- Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital; Kingston Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine; Queen's University; Kingston Ontario Canada
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Calabrese F, Hirschi S, Chenard M, Montero-Fernandez M, Neil D, Timens W, Verbeken E, Perissinotto E, Lunardi F, Cozzi E, Levine D, Goddard M. Widening of Alveolar Septa in Transbronchial Biopsies with Antibody-Mediated Rejection (AMR): Preliminary Data from Multicenter Pilot Study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Demetris AJ, Bellamy C, Hübscher SG, O'Leary J, Randhawa PS, Feng S, Neil D, Colvin RB, McCaughan G, Fung JJ, Del Bello A, Reinholt FP, Haga H, Adeyi O, Czaja AJ, Schiano T, Fiel MI, Smith ML, Sebagh M, Tanigawa RY, Yilmaz F, Alexander G, Baiocchi L, Balasubramanian M, Batal I, Bhan AK, Bucuvalas J, Cerski CTS, Charlotte F, de Vera ME, ElMonayeri M, Fontes P, Furth EE, Gouw ASH, Hafezi-Bakhtiari S, Hart J, Honsova E, Ismail W, Itoh T, Jhala NC, Khettry U, Klintmalm GB, Knechtle S, Koshiba T, Kozlowski T, Lassman CR, Lerut J, Levitsky J, Licini L, Liotta R, Mazariegos G, Minervini MI, Misdraji J, Mohanakumar T, Mölne J, Nasser I, Neuberger J, O'Neil M, Pappo O, Petrovic L, Ruiz P, Sağol Ö, Sanchez Fueyo A, Sasatomi E, Shaked A, Shiller M, Shimizu T, Sis B, Sonzogni A, Stevenson HL, Thung SN, Tisone G, Tsamandas AC, Wernerson A, Wu T, Zeevi A, Zen Y. 2016 Comprehensive Update of the Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology: Introduction of Antibody-Mediated Rejection. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2816-2835. [PMID: 27273869 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Banff Working Group on Liver Allograft Pathology reviewed and discussed literature evidence regarding antibody-mediated liver allograft rejection at the 11th (Paris, France, June 5-10, 2011), 12th (Comandatuba, Brazil, August 19-23, 2013), and 13th (Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, October 5-10, 2015) meetings of the Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology. Discussion continued online. The primary goal was to introduce guidelines and consensus criteria for the diagnosis of liver allograft antibody-mediated rejection and provide a comprehensive update of all Banff Schema recommendations. Included are new recommendations for complement component 4d tissue staining and interpretation, staging liver allograft fibrosis, and findings related to immunosuppression minimization. In an effort to create a single reference document, previous unchanged criteria are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Demetris
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - C Bellamy
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | | | - J O'Leary
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - P S Randhawa
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S Feng
- University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - D Neil
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R B Colvin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - G McCaughan
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - F P Reinholt
- Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - H Haga
- Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - O Adeyi
- University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A J Czaja
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - T Schiano
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - M I Fiel
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - M L Smith
- Mayo Clinic Health System, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - M Sebagh
- AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Paris, France
| | - R Y Tanigawa
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Yilmaz
- University of Ege, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - L Baiocchi
- Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - I Batal
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - A K Bhan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - J Bucuvalas
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - C T S Cerski
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - M ElMonayeri
- Ain Shams University, Wady El-Neel Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - P Fontes
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - E E Furth
- Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A S H Gouw
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - J Hart
- University of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago, IL
| | - E Honsova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - W Ismail
- Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - T Itoh
- Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - U Khettry
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA
| | | | - S Knechtle
- Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
| | - T Koshiba
- Soma Central Hospital, Soma, Fukushima, Japan
| | - T Kozlowski
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - C R Lassman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - J Lerut
- Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Levitsky
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - L Licini
- Pope John XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - R Liotta
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - G Mazariegos
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M I Minervini
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - J Misdraji
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - T Mohanakumar
- St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Norton Thoracic Institute, Phoenix, AZ
| | - J Mölne
- University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I Nasser
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - J Neuberger
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M O'Neil
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - O Pappo
- Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Petrovic
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P Ruiz
- University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Ö Sağol
- School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - E Sasatomi
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - A Shaked
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Shiller
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - T Shimizu
- Toda Chuo General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - B Sis
- University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - A Sonzogni
- Pope John XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - S N Thung
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - G Tisone
- University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - A Wernerson
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Wu
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - A Zeevi
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Y Zen
- Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Sidik F, Neil D, Lovelock CE. Effect of high sedimentation rates on surface sediment dynamics and mangrove growth in the Porong River, Indonesia. Mar Pollut Bull 2016; 107:355-363. [PMID: 27048688 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of mud from the LUSI (Lumpur Sidoarjo) volcano in northeastern Java have been channeled to the sea causing high rates of sediment delivery to the mouth of the Porong River, which has a cover of natural and planted mangroves. This study investigated how the high rates of sediment delivery affected vertical accretion, surface elevation change and the growth of Avicennia sp., the dominant mangrove species in the region. During our observations in 2010-2011 (4-5years after the initial volcanic eruption), very high rates of sedimentation in the forests at the mouth of the river gave rise to high vertical accretion of over 10cmy(-1). The high sedimentation rates not only resulted in reduced growth of Avicennia sp. mangrove trees at the two study sites at the Porong River mouth, but also gave rise to high soil surface elevation gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Sidik
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; The Institute for Marine Research and Observation, The Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research, The Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Perancak, Bali, Indonesia.
| | - David Neil
- The School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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15
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Knepp T, Pippin M, Crawford J, Chen G, Szykman J, Long R, Cowen L, Cede A, Abuhassan N, Herman J, Delgado R, Compton J, Berkoff T, Fishman J, Martins D, Stauffer R, Thompson AM, Weinheimer A, Knapp D, Montzka D, Lenschow D, Neil D. Estimating surface NO 2 and SO 2 mixing ratios from fast-response total column observations and potential application to geostationary missions. J Atmos Chem 2015; 72:261-286. [PMID: 26692593 PMCID: PMC4665805 DOI: 10.1007/s10874-013-9257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Total-column nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data collected by a ground-based sun-tracking spectrometer system (Pandora) and an photolytic-converter-based in-situ instrument collocated at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia were analyzed to study the relationship between total-column and surface NO2 measurements. The measurements span more than a year and cover all seasons. Surface mixing ratios are estimated via application of a planetary boundary-layer (PBL) height correction factor. This PBL correction factor effectively corrects for boundary-layer variability throughout the day, and accounts for up to ≈75 % of the variability between the NO2 data sets. Previous studies have made monthly and seasonal comparisons of column/surface data, which has shown generally good agreement over these long average times. In the current analysis comparisons of column densities averaged over 90 s and 1 h are made. Applicability of this technique to sulfur dioxide (SO2) is briefly explored. The SO2 correlation is improved by excluding conditions where surface levels are considered background. The analysis is extended to data from the July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ mission over the greater Baltimore, MD area to examine the method's performance in more-polluted urban conditions where NO2 concentrations are typically much higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Knepp
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23681 USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
| | - M. Pippin
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
| | - J. Crawford
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
| | - G. Chen
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
| | - J. Szykman
- US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - R. Long
- US EPA, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27701 USA
| | - L. Cowen
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
| | - A. Cede
- LuftBlick, Kreith, 6162 Austria
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | - N. Abuhassan
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
- School of Engineering, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA
| | - J. Herman
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
| | - R. Delgado
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
| | - J. Compton
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
| | - T. Berkoff
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA
| | - J. Fishman
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103 USA
| | - D. Martins
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - R. Stauffer
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - A. M. Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - A. Weinheimer
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
| | - D. Knapp
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
| | - D. Montzka
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
| | - D. Lenschow
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
| | - D. Neil
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA
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Gibbes B, Grinham A, Neil D, Olds A, Maxwell P, Connolly R, Weber T, Udy N, Udy J. Moreton Bay and Its Estuaries: A Sub-tropical System Under Pressure from Rapid Population Growth. Estuaries of the World 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7019-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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18
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Claridge LC, Dobson C, Kanji H, Neil D, Timms JM, Holt AP. Acute liver failure secondary to opportunistic viral infection in adult solid organ transplant recipients. QJM 2012; 105:879-82. [PMID: 21771853 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L C Claridge
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
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Talbot-Smith A, Syn WK, MacQuillan G, Neil D, Elias E, Ryan P. Familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in association with bone marrow hypoplasia and hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia: a new "trimorphic" syndrome. Thorax 2009; 64:440-3. [PMID: 19401489 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2008.099796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This is the first report of familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis associated with hepatic nodular regenerative hyperplasia and bone marrow hypoplasia. Four members of one family presented with this triad of organ dysfunction. The response to immunosuppressive treatment was poor and all four members succumbed to the disease processes. The current literature is reviewed and mechanisms that could have been involved in the development of this new syndrome are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talbot-Smith
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hereford County Hospital, UK.
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20
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Dronavalli V, Clarke E, Bonser R, Mukadam M, Beer S, Wilson I, Mascaro J, Thompson R, Townend J, Neil D. 363: Complement Fragment 9 Immunohistochemistry as Marker of Peri-Transplant Injury in Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early recognition and identification of the underlying cause of acute liver injury (ALI) is crucial in instituting medical treatment and assessing the need for liver transplantation. Haematological malignancies have been reported to present as ALI with progression to acute liver failure but experience is limited. AIM Review our experience of ALI secondary to haematological malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients admitted to the liver unit with ALI secondary to a haematological malignancy between 1996 and 2006 were identified. A retrospective review was made of their case notes and our database. RESULTS Of the 752 cases of ALI, six cases of ALI secondary to haematological malignancy were identified. Common features were a prodromal illness (median duration of 5 weeks; range 2-6 weeks) and jaundice (median bilirubin 208 micromol/l; range 112-238 micromol/l). The majority of patients (5/6) had hepatomegaly. Liver biopsy was performed in two patients and confirmed the diagnosis in both cases. In other cases, the diagnosis was made following lymph node biopsy (1), bone marrow examination (2) or from post-mortem examination (1). Median time from jaundice to encephalopathy was 12 days; range 1-22 days. A single patient underwent liver transplantation but died in the immediate post-operative period. All patients died soon after admission with a median survival of 8 days (range 3-26 days). CONCLUSION Haematological malignancy should be considered in ALI patients presenting with a prodromal illness, jaundice and hepatomegaly. Biopsy is essential to confirm the diagnosis but the benefit of definitive therapy such as chemotherapy and/or transplantation in this setting is unclear and survival is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shetty
- Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
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Hewins P, Morgan MD, Holden N, Neil D, Williams JM, Savage COS, Harper L. IL-18 is upregulated in the kidney and primes neutrophil responsiveness in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Kidney Int 2006; 69:605-15. [PMID: 16514436 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In antineutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis (ASV), autoantibody-induced neutrophil activation is believed to cause organ damage. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) primes neutrophils for ANCA stimulation and TNFalpha blockade has been successfully used to treat ASV. Nonetheless, irreversible organ damage can still occur, suggesting that other cytokines may circumvent TNFalpha blockade. We report that interleukin (IL)-18 deposition, as assessed by immunoperoxidase staining, is increased in renal biopsies from ASV patients. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that podocytes are the predominant glomerular IL-18-positive cell type, whereas in the interstitium, myofibroblasts, distal tubular epithelium, and infiltrating macrophages stained for IL-18. In vitro, IL-18 primed superoxide production by ANCA-activated neutrophils comparably to TNFalpha. IL-18-primed, ANCA-induced superoxide production was unaffected by anti-TNFalpha antibody, which abrogated TNFalpha priming. Furthermore, TNFalpha and IL-18 phosphorylated neutrophil p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but IL-18-mediated p38 MAPK phosphorylation was unaffected by anti-TNFalpha antibody. The p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB20358, reduced IL-18-primed, ANCA-induced superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. ANCA-induced superoxide release was also sensitive to the Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) inhibitor MK-886. IL-18 priming was not associated with increased ANCA antigen expression on isolated neutrophils. We conclude that IL-18 is likely to be important for neutrophil recruitment and priming in ASV. Therapies targeting single priming agents may have limited efficacy in controlling disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hewins
- Renal Immunobiology, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
Of the future technologies arising from the Human Genome Project, pharmacogenomics will probably be the first to have a widespread impact on the everyday practice of medicine. This technology offers great benefits but also presents some difficult ethical challenges. This paper explains what pharmacogenomics is and examines three of the issues that it raises: orphan populations, the use of ethnicity in drug trials, and potential obstacles to informed consent for genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Neil
- Centre for Human Bioethics, School of Philosophy and Bioethics, Monash University, Australia
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Belgore F, Blann A, Neil D, Ahmed AS, Lip GYH. Localisation of members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family and their receptors in human atherosclerotic arteries. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:266-72. [PMID: 14990597 PMCID: PMC1770244 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2003.012419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mediates endothelial cell mitogenesis and enhances vascular permeability. The existence of single or multiple VEGF isoforms and receptors suggests that these proteins may have overlapping but distinct functions, which may be reflected in their cell expression and distribution. METHODS The localisation of VEGFs A-C and their receptors (VEGFRs 1-3, respectively) in 30 fresh human atherosclerotic arteries, 15 normal uterine arteries, and 15 saphenous veins using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS Saphenous veins showed no staining for VEGF-B or VEGFR-2. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) showed the strongest staining for VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 in all specimens. Conversely, VEGFR-3 and VEGF-C were predominantly localised to the endothelial vasa vasorum in normal arteries, whereas medial SMCs showed the strongest staining in atherosclerotic arteries. Western blotting showed variations in VEGF protein localisation, with lower amounts of VEGF-B and VEGF-C in saphenous veins, compared with arterial tissue. Amounts of VEGF-C were lower than those of VEGF-A and VEGF-B in all specimens. CONCLUSION This study provides direct evidence of the presence of VEGF proteins and receptors in human physiology and pathology, with variations in both the amounts of VEGF proteins expressed and their cellular distribution in normal arteries compared with atherosclerotic arteries. The presence of VEGFs A-C and their receptors in normal arterial tissue implies that VEGF functions may extend beyond endothelial cell proliferation. Reduced VEGFR-2 staining in atherosclerotic arteries may have implications for the atherosclerosis process and the development of vascular disease and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Belgore
- Haemostasis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Unit, University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK
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25
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Demetris A, Adams D, Bellamy C, Blakolmer K, Clouston A, Dhillon AP, Fung J, Gouw A, Gustafsson B, Haga H, Harrison D, Hart J, Hubscher S, Jaffe R, Khettry U, Lassman C, Lewin K, Martinez O, Nakazawa Y, Neil D, Pappo O, Parizhskaya M, Randhawa P, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Reinholt F, Reynes M, Robert M, Tsamandas A, Wanless I, Wiesner R, Wernerson A, Wrba F, Wyatt J, Yamabe H. Update of the International Banff Schema for Liver Allograft Rejection: working recommendations for the histopathologic staging and reporting of chronic rejection. An International Panel. Hepatology 2000; 31:792-9. [PMID: 10706577 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510310337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Demetris
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA.
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Chrachri A, Neil D, Mulloney B. State-dependent responses of two motor systems in the crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 1994; 175:371-80. [PMID: 7993501 DOI: 10.1007/bf00192996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The expression of both swimmeret and postural motor patterns in crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) were affected by stimulation of a second root of a thoracic ganglion. The response of the swimmeret system depended on the state of the postural system. In most cases, the response of the swimmeret system outlasted the stimulus. Stimulation of a thoracic second root also elicited coordinated responses from the postural system, that outlasted the stimulus. In different preparations, either the flexor excitor motor neurones or the extensor excitor motor neurones were excited by this stimulation. In every case, excitation of one set of motor neurones was accompanied by inhibition of that group's functional antagonists. This stimulation seemed to coordinate the activity of both systems; when stimulation inhibited the flexor motor neurones, then the extensor motor neurones and the swimmeret system were excited. When stimulation excited the flexor motor neurones, then the extensor motor neurones and the swimmeret system were inhibited. Two classes of interneurones that responded to stimulation of a thoracic second root were encountered in the first abdominal ganglion. These interneurones could be the pathway that coordinates the response of the postural and swimmeret systems to stimulation of a thoracic second root.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chrachri
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, Laboratory Citadel Hill, Plymouth
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Serra HM, Ledbetter JA, Neil D, Pilarski LM. Apparent loss of 2H4+ T cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors: a 2H4-specific artefact unique to T cells. Hum Immunol 1988; 23:281-8. [PMID: 2906923 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(88)90063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The antigenic cluster designated CD45R is recognized by a family of monoclonal antibodies. However, one of those most frequently used because of its commercial availability is 2H4. In a series of experiments we show that 2H4 immunofluorescence is almost completely lost from CD4+ or CD8+ T cells of human origin if they are fixed after staining with 2H4. Loss of fluorescence intensity of the total population of 2H4+ lymphocytes and nearly complete quantitative loss of CD45R+ T cells is observed after fixation. This apparent loss of CD45R as detected by 2H4 is not seen if other CD45R-specific monoclonal antibodies are used. Fixation of B cells previously stained with 2H4 gives rise to slightly diminished fluorescence intensity, but no reduction in number of 2H4+ B cells. This appears to be due to a lower antigen density on T cells as compared to B cells. The effect is unique to 2H4, as other monoclonal antibodies recognizing CD45R, while exhibiting a decrease in fluorescence intensity after fixation, still unequivocally detect CD45R+ CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. The effect is restricted to human T cells, as primate lymphocytes, fixed after staining with 2H4, show no loss in fluorescence intensity. We conclude that if it is necessary to fix human T cells after fluorescent staining, the use of CD45R-specific antibodies other than 2H4 is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Serra
- Department of Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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28
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McNeill I, Neil D, Guyot A, Bert M, Michel A. Thermal degradation of graft copolymers of PVC prepared by mastication with styrene and methyl methacrylate, and of further PVC mixtures and vinyl chloride copolymers. Eur Polym J 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(71)90079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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