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Fitzwilliam E, Steventon-Lorenzen N, Opar D, Schache AG, Maniar N. Lower Limb Joint Mechanics during Maximal Accelerative and Decelerative Running. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024:00005768-990000000-00513. [PMID: 38600642 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maximal acceleration and deceleration tasks are frequently required in team sports, often occurring rapidly in response to external stimuli. Accelerating and decelerating can be associated with lower limb injuries, thus knowledge of joint mechanics during these tasks can improve the understanding of both human high performance and injury mechanisms. The current study investigated the fundamental differences in lower limb joint mechanics when accelerating and decelerating by directly comparing the hip, knee and ankle joint moments and work done between the two tasks. METHODS Twenty participants performed maximal effort acceleration and deceleration trials, with three-dimensional marker trajectories and ground reaction forces collected simultaneously. Experimental data was combined with inverse dynamics analysis to compute joint moments and work. RESULTS Net joint work for all lower limb joints was positive during acceleration, and negative during deceleration. This occurred due to significantly greater positive work production from the ankle and hip during acceleration, and significantly greater negative work production from all joints during deceleration. The largest contributions to positive work during acceleration came from the ankle, followed by the hip and knee joints; whilst the largest contributions to negative work during deceleration came from the knee and hip joints, followed by the ankle. Peak joint moments were significantly greater when decelerating compared to accelerating, except for the peak ankle plantarflexion and hip flexion moments which were significantly greater when accelerating. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may help to guide training interventions which aim to enhance the performance of acceleration and deceleration tasks, whilst also mitigating the associated injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anthony G Schache
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre (LASEM), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
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2
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Maniar N, Carmichael DS, Hickey JT, Timmins RG, San Jose AJ, Dickson J, Opar D. Incidence and prevalence of hamstring injuries in field-based team sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 5952 injuries from over 7 million exposure hours. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:109-116. [PMID: 36455927 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the incidence and prevalence of hamstring injuries in field-based team sports. A secondary aim was to determine the impact of other potential effect moderators (match vs training; sport; playing surface; cohort age, mass and stature; and year when data was collected) on the incidence of hamstring injury in field-based team sports. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE Complete (EBSCO), Embase, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from database inception to 5 August 2020. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Prospective cohort studies that assessed the incidence of hamstring injuries in field-based team sports. METHOD Following database search, article retrieval and title and abstract screening, articles were assessed for eligibility against predefined criteria then assessed for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Tool for prevalence studies. Meta-analysis was used to pool data across studies, with meta-regression used where possible. RESULTS Sixty-three articles were included in the meta-analysis, encompassing 5952 injuries and 7 262 168 hours of exposure across six field-based team sports (soccer, rugby union, field hockey, Gaelic football, hurling and Australian football). Hamstring injury incidence was 0.81 per 1000 hours, representing 10% of all injuries. Prevalence for a 9-month period was 13%, increasing 1.13-fold for every additional month of observation (p=0.004). Hamstring injury incidence increased 6.4% for every 1 year of increased average cohort age, was 9.4-fold higher in match compared with training scenarios (p=0.003) and was 1.5-fold higher on grass compared with artificial turf surfaces (p<0.001). Hamstring injury incidence was not significantly moderated by average cohort mass (p=0.542) or stature (p=0.593), was not significantly different between sports (p=0.150) and has not significantly changed over the last 30 years (p=0.269). CONCLUSION Hamstring injury represents 10% of all injuries in field-based team sports, with 13% of the athletes experiencing a hamstring injury over a 9-month period most commonly during matches. More work is needed to reduce the incidence of hamstring injury in field-based team sports. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020200022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirav Maniar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jack Thomas Hickey
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ryan Gregory Timmins
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Argell Joseph San Jose
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Dickson
- Library and Academic Research Services, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Opar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Moukhaiber N, Summers SJ, Opar D, Imam J, Thomson D, Chang WJ, Andary T, Cavaleri R. The effect of theta burst stimulation over the primary motor cortex on experimental hamstring pain: A randomised, controlled study. The Journal of Pain 2022; 24:593-604. [PMID: 36464137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Theta burst stimulation (TBS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) is an emerging technique that may have utility in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. However, previous work exploring the analgesic effects of noninvasive brain stimulation has been limited largely to the arm or hand, despite 80% of acute musculoskeletal injuries occurring in the lower limb. This is a pertinent point, given the functional and neurophysiological differences between upper and lower limb musculature, as well as evidence suggesting that reorganization of corticomotor pathways is region-specific. This study investigated the effect of excitatory TBS on pain, function, and corticomotor organization during experimentally induced lower limb pain. Twenty-eight healthy participants attended 2 experimental sessions. On Day 0, participants completed 10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric contractions of the right hamstring muscles to induce delayed onset muscle soreness. Four consecutive blocks of either active or sham TBS were delivered on Day 2. Measures of mechanical sensitivity, pain (muscle soreness, pain intensity, pain area) function (single-leg hop distance, maximum voluntary isometric contraction, lower extremity functional scale), and corticomotor organization were recorded before and after TBS on Day 2. Pain and function were also assessed daily from Days 2 to 10. Active TBS reduced mechanical sensitivity compared to sham stimulation (P = .01). Corticomotor organization did not differ between groups, suggesting that improvements in mechanical sensitivity were not mediated by changes in M1. Subjective reports of pain intensity and function did not change following active TBS, contrasting previous reports in studies of the upper limb. PERSPECTIVE: M1 TBS reduces mechanical sensitivity associated with experimentally induced hamstring pain. Though further work is needed, these findings may hold important implications for those seeking to expedite recovery or reduce muscle sensitivity following hamstring injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Moukhaiber
- Western Sydney University, Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simon J Summers
- Western Sydney University, Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, New South Wales, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Opar
- Australian Catholic University, Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jawwad Imam
- Western Sydney University, Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel Thomson
- Western Sydney University, Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei-Ju Chang
- University of Newcastle, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, School of Health Sciences, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Centre for Pain IMPACT, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Toni Andary
- South Western Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rocco Cavaleri
- Western Sydney University, Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR) Lab, School of Health Sciences, New South Wales, Australia.
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Whiteley R, Hickey JT, Vermeulen R, Timmins R, Best TM, Rio E, Opar D. Biceps Femoris Fascicle Lengths Increase after Hamstring Injury Rehabilitation to a Greater Extent in the Injured Leg. Transl Sports Med 2022; 2022:5131914. [PMID: 38655154 PMCID: PMC11022767 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5131914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Document changes in fascicle length during rehabilitation from hamstring injury of the injured and uninjured legs and secondarily to describe any association between these changes and reinjury rate. Design Multicentre case series. Methods Fifty-two prospectively included hamstring injured athletes had their biceps femoris long head fascicle lengths measured at the start and end of rehabilitation using two-dimensional ultrasound. Absolute and relative changes in fascicle length were compared for each leg using linear mixed models. Participants were followed for six months after being cleared to return to sport for any reinjury. Fascicle lengths and rehabilitation duration were compared for those who reinjured and those who did not. Results Injured leg fascicle length was shorter at the start of rehabilitation (9.1 cm compared to 9.8 cm, p < 0.01 ) but underwent greater absolute and relative lengthening during rehabilitation to 11.1 cm (18% increase) compared to 10.2 cm (8% increase, p < 0.01 ) for the uninjured leg. There were no significant differences in any fascicle length parameter for the 5 participants who reinjured in the 6 months following their return to sport compared to those that did not reinjure. Conclusions While both injured and uninjured legs displayed increases in fascicle length during rehabilitation, the larger fascicle length increases in the injured leg suggest that either a different training stimulus was applied during rehabilitation to each leg or there was a different response to training and/or recovery from injury in the injured leg. Reinjury risk appears to be independent of fascicle length changes in this cohort, but the small number of reinjuries makes any conclusions speculative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Whiteley
- Rehabilitation Department, Aspetar Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jack T. Hickey
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Robin Vermeulen
- Rehabilitation Department, Aspetar Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Amsterdam, Academic Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Amsterdam IOC Center, ACHSS, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ryan Timmins
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Miami Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Ebonie Rio
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - David Opar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
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Heiderscheit BC, Blemker SS, Opar D, Stiffler-Joachim MR, Bedi A, Hart J, Mortensen B, Kliethermes SA. The development of a HAMstring InjuRy (HAMIR) index to mitigate injury risk through innovative imaging, biomechanics, and data analytics: protocol for an observational cohort study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:128. [PMID: 35841053 PMCID: PMC9288010 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The etiology of hamstring strain injury (HSI) in American football is multi-factorial and understanding these risk factors is paramount to developing predictive models and guiding prevention and rehabilitation strategies. Many player-games are lost due to the lack of a clear understanding of risk factors and the absence of effective methods to minimize re-injury. This paper describes the protocol that will be followed to develop the HAMstring InjuRy (HAMIR) index risk prediction models for HSI and re-injury based on morphological, architectural, biomechanical and clinical factors in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate football players. Methods A 3-year, prospective study will be conducted involving collegiate football student-athletes at four institutions. Enrolled participants will complete preseason assessments of eccentric hamstring strength, on-field sprinting biomechanics and muscle–tendon volumes using magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). Athletic trainers will monitor injuries and exposure for the duration of the study. Participants who sustain an HSI will undergo a clinical assessment at the time of injury along with MRI examinations. Following completion of structured rehabilitation and return to unrestricted sport participation, clinical assessments, MRI examinations and sprinting biomechanics will be repeated. Injury recurrence will be monitored through a 6-month follow-up period. HAMIR index prediction models for index HSI injury and re-injury will be constructed. Discussion The most appropriate strategies for reducing risk of HSI are likely multi-factorial and depend on risk factors unique to each athlete. This study will be the largest-of-its-kind (1200 player-years) to gather detailed information on index and recurrent HSI, and will be the first study to simultaneously investigate the effect of morphological, biomechanical and clinical variables on risk of HSI in collegiate football athletes. The quantitative HAMIR index will be formulated to identify an athlete’s propensity for HSI, and more importantly, identify targets for injury mitigation, thereby reducing the global burden of HSI in high-level American football players. Trial Registration The trial is prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05343052; April 22, 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Heiderscheit
- Badger Athletic Performance Program, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 6136 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | | | - David Opar
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies Research Centre, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Mikel R Stiffler-Joachim
- Badger Athletic Performance Program, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 6136 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- NorthShore Orthopedic and Spine Institute, Skokie, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Hart
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Stephanie A Kliethermes
- Badger Athletic Performance Program, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1685 Highland Avenue, 6136 Medical Foundation Centennial Building, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.,American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Collaborative Research Network, Leawood, KS, USA
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Vicens-Bordas J, Esteve E, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Casals M, Bandholm T, Ishøi L, Opar D, Shield A, Thorborg K. Performance changes during the off-season period in football players - Effects of age and previous hamstring injury. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2489-2499. [PMID: 32658565 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1792160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate changes in selected performance measures during an off-season period, their association, and the potential role of age and previous hamstring injury in semi-professional and amateur football players. Seventy-four male players (age: 25 ± 4 years, stature: 178.0 ± 6.6 cm, body mass: 74.9 ± 8.1 kg) were assessed at the beginning and end of the off-season summer-period for sprint, change-of-direction performance and eccentric hamstring strength. Small to medium increases in sprint times were observed at 5 (d = 0.26, p = 0.057), 10 (d = 0.42, p < 0.001) and 30 m (d = 0.64, p < 0.001). Small (d = -0.23, p = 0.033) improvements were observed for COD performance, and no changes in eccentric hamstring strength (d = 0.10, p = 0.317). The changes in the outcomes were not affected by age (p = 0.449 to 0.928) or previous hamstring injury (p = 0.109 to 0.995). The impaired sprint performance was not related to changes in eccentric hamstring strength (r = -0.21 to 0.03, p = 0.213 to 0.856), instead, changes in COD performance were associated with changes in eccentric hamstring strength (r = -0.42, p = 0.008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vicens-Bordas
- Sportclínic. Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre , Girona, Spain.,School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), Universitat de Girona , Salt, Spain.,Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, Universitat de Girona , Girona, Spain.,Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC) , Spain
| | - Ernest Esteve
- Sportclínic. Physiotherapy and Sports Training Centre , Girona, Spain.,School of Health and Sport Sciences (EUSES), Universitat de Girona , Salt, Spain
| | | | - Martí Casals
- Sport and Physical Activity Studies Centre (CEEAF), University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC) , Spain.,Sport Performance Analysis Research Group, University of Vic , Barcelona, Spain.,Medical Department, Futbol Club Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Bandholm
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Research Center, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University , Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lasse Ishøi
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Opar
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Shield
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Clinical Research Center, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University , Hvidovre, Denmark.,Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vicens-Bordas J, Esteve E, Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Clausen MB, Bandholm T, Opar D, Shield A, Thorborg K. ECCENTRIC HAMSTRING STRENGTH IS ASSOCIATED WITH AGE AND DURATION OF PREVIOUS SEASON HAMSTRING INJURY IN MALE SOCCER PLAYERS. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2020; 15:246-253. [PMID: 32269858 PMCID: PMC7134347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eccentric hamstring strength seems important in reducing the odds of future hamstring injuries. While age and previous injury are well-known risk factors for future hamstring injuries, the association of age and previous hamstring injury with eccentric hamstring strength in the following season is unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the association of age and previous hamstring injury with preseason eccentric hamstring strength in soccer players, and to investigate the association between previous hamstring injury duration and preseason eccentric hamstring strength. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive, cross-sectional study. METHODS A convenience sample of 284 male amateur soccer players (age 18-38 years) was included in the analyses. Self-reported information about previous season hamstring injury and its duration (three weeks or less; more than three weeks) was collected. Preseason eccentric hamstring strength was obtained during the Nordic hamstring exercise using a field-based device. RESULTS Age had a negative association with preseason eccentric hamstring strength with 0.9% reduction per year. Players with a previous hamstring injury duration of more than three weeks (n=27) had 13% lower preseason eccentric hamstring strength compared to players without previous hamstring injury. CONCLUSION Older players have lower preseason eccentric hamstring strength than younger players. Players with a previous hamstring injury duration of more than three weeks have lower preseason eccentric hamstring strength than the rest of the players. These results highlight the need to monitor and address the identified weaknesses in eccentric hamstring strength in amateur soccer players, with specific emphasis on older players with a previous hamstring injury of longer duration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Azahara Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe
- Faculty of Psychology, Education Sciences and Sport (FPCEE) and School of Health Sciences (FCS) Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Bandholm
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research – Copenhagen (PMR-C), Clinical Research Center, Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - David Opar
- School of Exercise Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Shield
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Timmins R, Opar D. Objective approaches to guide hamstring injury assessment and rehabilitation. J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Treherne P, Opar D, Dutaillis B, Jose AS, Maniar N. Muscle contributions to peak tibiofemoral contact forces in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed females during a sidestep cut. J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hickey J, Opar D, Timmins R, Behan F, Beerworth K, Hulm S. Hamstring strain injury prevention, rehabilitation and sports performance. J Sci Med Sport 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Behan F, Vermeulen R, Smith T, Arnaiz J, Timmins R, Opar D, Whiteley R. Poor agreement between ultrasound and novel MRI measures of biceps femoris long head fascicle length. J Sci Med Sport 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Timmins R, Filopoulos D, Ruddy J, Maniar N, Hickey J, Giannakis J, Nguyen V, Opar D. Eccentric hamstring training in elite AFL athletes promotes improvements in lower limb strength. J Sci Med Sport 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Duhig SJ, Shield AJ, Opar D, Gabbett TJ, Ferguson C, Williams M. Infographic. The effect of high-speed running on hamstring strain injury risk. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1034-1035. [PMID: 29650521 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven John Duhig
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University-Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Griffith Sports Physiology and Performance, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony J Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Opar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Morgan Williams
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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Presland J, Timmins R, Bourne M, Williams M, Opar D. The effect of high or low volume Nordic hamstring exercise training on eccentric strength and biceps femoris long head architectural adaptations. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hickey J, Timmins R, Maniar N, Rio E, Naughton G, Williams M, Opar D. Pain-free vs pain-threshold rehabilitation for acute hamstring strain injury: A randomised controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rio EK, Opar D. The warm water in Langkawi awaits, but first…. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Duhig S, Williams M, Minett G, Opar D, Shield A. THE EFFECT OF REPETITIVE KICKING ON KNEE FLEXOR NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bourne M, Duhig S, Timmins R, Opar D, Williams M, Kerr G, Shield A. IMPACT OF THE NORDIC HAMSTRING AND HIP EXTENSION EXERCISES ON HAMSTRING ARCHITECTURE AND MORPHOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR INJURY PREVENTION. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Timmins R, Bourne M, Williams M, Opar D. IN-SEASON ARCHITECTURAL ADAPTATIONS OF THE BICEPS FEMORIS LONG HEAD IN ELITE AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALLERS. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Messer D, Bourne M, Timmins R, Opar D, Williams M, Shield A. ECCENTRIC KNEE FLEXOR STRENGTH AND HAMSTRING INJURY RISK IN ATHLETES WITH HISTORY OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hickey J, Hickey P, Maniar N, Timmins R, Opar D. Novel and clinically practical measures of hamstring strength: The HamSling reliability and retrospective study. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Duhig S, Shield AJ, Opar D, Gabbett TJ, Ferguson C, Williams M. Effect of high-speed running on hamstring strain injury risk. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:1536-1540. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Shield A, Opar D, Timmins R, Bourne M. Hamstring strain injury – Structural and functional considerations for prevention, rehabilitation and return to play. J Sci Med Sport 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Timmins R, Ruddy J, Presland J, Maniar N, Shield A, Williams M, Opar D. Architectural adaptations of the biceps femoris long head following concentric and eccentric resistance training: A randomised control trial. J Sci Med Sport 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Duhig S, Williams M, Ferguson C, Opar D, Shield A. High intensity running increases risk of hamstring strain injury in elite Australian rules footballers. J Sci Med Sport 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.12.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Opar D, Drezner J, Shield A, Williams M, Webner D, Sennett B, Kapur R, Cohen M, Ulager J, Cafengiu A, Cronholm PF. Acute injuries in track and field athletes: a 3-year observational study at the Penn Relays Carnival with epidemiology and medical coverage implications. Am J Sports Med 2015; 43:816-22. [PMID: 25560540 DOI: 10.1177/0363546514562553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined acute injuries in track and field in both elite and subelite athletes. PURPOSE To observe the absolute number and relative rates of injury in track and field athletes across a wide range of competition levels and ages during 3 years of the Penn Relays Carnival to assist with future medical coverage planning and injury prevention strategies. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS Over a 3-year period, all injuries treated by the medical staff were recorded on a standardized injury report form. Absolute number of injuries and relative injury rates (number of injuries per 1000 competing athletes) were determined and odds ratios (ORs) of injury rates were calculated between sexes, competition levels, and events. Injuries were also broken down into major or minor medical or orthopaedic injuries. RESULTS Throughout the study period, 48,473 competing athletes participated in the Penn Relays Carnival, and 436 injuries were sustained. For medical coverage purposes, the relative rate of injury subtypes was greatest for minor orthopaedic injuries (5.71 injuries per 1000 participants), followed by minor medical injuries (3.42 injuries per 1000 participants), major medical injuries (0.69 injuries per 1000 participants), and major orthopaedic injuries (0.18 injuries per 1000 participants). College/elite athletes displayed the lowest relative injury rate (7.99 injuries per 1000 participants), which was significantly less than that of high school (9.87 injuries per 1000 participants) and masters athletes (16.33 injuries per 1000 participants). Male athletes displayed a greater likelihood of having a minor orthopaedic injury compared with female athletes (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.06-1.75]; χ2 = 5.73; P = .017) but were less likely to sustain a major medical injury (OR, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.15-0.75]; χ2 = 7.75; P = .005). Of the 3 most heavily participated in events, the 4 × 400-m relay displayed the greatest relative injury rate (13.6 injuries per 1000 participants) compared with the 4 × 100-m and 4 × 200-m relays. CONCLUSION Medical coverage teams for future large-scale track and field events need to plan for at least 2 major orthopaedic and 7 major medical injuries per 10,000 participants. Male track and field athletes, particularly masters male athletes, are at greater risk of injury compared with other sexes and competition levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Opar
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia School of Exercise Science, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Drezner
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anthony Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences & Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Morgan Williams
- Faculty of Health, Sport and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Wales, UK
| | - David Webner
- Crozer-Keystone Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Sennett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rahul Kapur
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marc Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Ulager
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Cafengiu
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter F Cronholm
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Timmins R, Shield A, Williams M, Lorenzen C, Opar D. Differences exist in the architectural characteristics of the biceps femoris long head in previously injured individuals. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bourne M, Opar D, Shield A. Hamstring muscle activation during high-speed overground running: Impact of previous strain injury. J Sci Med Sport 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bilsborough JC, Greenway K, Opar D, Livingstone S, Cordy J, Coutts AJ. The accuracy and precision of DXA for assessing body composition in team sport athletes. J Sports Sci 2014; 32:1821-8. [PMID: 24914773 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.926380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the precision of pencil and fan beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) devices for assessing body composition in professional Australian Football players. Thirty-six professional Australian Football players, in two groups (fan DXA, N = 22; pencil DXA, N = 25), underwent two consecutive DXA scans. A whole body phantom with known values for fat mass, bone mineral content and fat-free soft tissue mass was also used to validate each DXA device. Additionally, the criterion phantom was scanned 20 times by each DXA to assess reliability. Test-retest reliability of DXA anthropometric measures were derived from repeated fan and pencil DXA scans. Fat-free soft tissue mass and bone mineral content from both DXA units showed strong correlations with, and trivial differences to, the criterion phantom values. Fat mass from both DXA showed moderate correlations with criterion measures (pencil: r = 0.64; fan: r = 0.67) and moderate differences with the criterion value. The limits of agreement were similar for both fan beam DXA and pencil beam DXA (fan: fat-free soft tissue mass = -1650 ± 179 g, fat mass = -357 ± 316 g, bone mineral content = 289 ± 122 g; pencil: fat-free soft tissue mass = -1701 ± 257 g, fat mass = -359 ± 326 g, bone mineral content = 177 ± 117 g). DXA also showed excellent precision for bone mineral content (coefficient of variation (%CV) fan = 0.6%; pencil = 1.5%) and fat-free soft tissue mass (%CV fan = 0.3%; pencil = 0.5%) and acceptable reliability for fat measures (%CV fan: fat mass = 2.5%, percent body fat = 2.5%; pencil: fat mass = 5.9%, percent body fat = 5.7%). Both DXA provide precise measures of fat-free soft tissue mass and bone mineral content in lean Australian Football players. DXA-derived fat-free soft tissue mass and bone mineral content are suitable for assessing body composition in lean team sport athletes.
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Opar D, Williams M, Timmins R, Hickey J, Duhig S, Shield A. ECCENTRIC HAMSTRING STRENGTH DURING THE NORDIC HAMSTRING EXERCISES IS A RISK FACTOR FOR HAMSTRING STRAIN INJURY IN ELITE AUSTRALIAN FOOTBALL: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Bourne M, Opar D, Williams M, Shield A. Hamstring muscle activation during the Nordic hamstring exercise and the impact of previous injury: An fMRI study. J Sci Med Sport 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Opar D, Williams M, Piatkowski T, Shield A. A novel field test of eccentric hamstring strength: A reliability and injury study. J Sci Med Sport 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bourne M, Opar D, Shield A. To the Editor. J Strength Cond Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182a8827c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Timmins R, Opar D, Dear N, Williams M, Shield A. Declines in eccentric knee flexor weakness following repeat sprint running are related to declines in biceps femoris voluntary activation. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Opar D, Drezner J, Shield A, Sennett B, Kapur R, Cohen M, Ulager J, Cafengiu A, Cronholm P. A 5-year study into hamstring strain injuries at the Penn Relay Carnivala. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Porter K, Opar D, Williams M, Shield A. Biceps femoris fascicle length is shorter in a previously hamstring injured athlete. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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