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De Oliveira VH, Mazzafera P, Faleiro R, Mayer JLS, Hesterberg D, Pérez CA, Andrade SAL. Tissue-level distribution and speciation of foliar manganese in Eucalyptus tereticornis by µ-SXRF and µ-XANES shed light on its detoxification mechanisms. J Hazard Mater 2024; 461:132555. [PMID: 37769448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
This study is the first to investigate the speciation and spatial distribution patterns of manganese (Mn) accumulated at elevated concentrations in Eucalyptus leaves by X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) and absorption near-edge spectroscopy (µ-XANES). Eucalyptus tereticornis is a tree species with great economic value and potential to accumulate and tolerate high Mn despite not being considered a hyperaccumulator. Seedlings grown under glasshouse conditions were irrigated with two Mn treatments: control Mn (9 µM) and high Mn solution (1000 µM). Biomass and total nutrient concentrations were assessed in roots, stems and leaves. Manganese, calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) spatial patterns were imaged by µ-SXRF in different foliar structures, and Mn speciation was conducted in these compartments by µ-XANES. Under high supply, Mn was distributed across the leaf mesophyll suggesting vacuolar sequestration in these cells. High Mn decreased cytosolic Ca by almost 50% in mesophyll cells, but K remained unaltered. Speciation suggests that a majority of the Mn fraction was complexed by organic ligands modeled as Mn-bound malate and citrate, instead of as free aqueous Mn2+ or oxidised forms. These two detoxification mechanisms: effective vacuolar sequestration and organic acid complexation, may be responsible for the impressively high Mn tolerance found in eucalypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius H De Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Faleiro
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lischka Sampaio Mayer
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Pérez
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sara Adrián L Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
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Moraes IC, Hesterberg D, Bacchim Neto FA, Archilha NL, Pérez CA, Araújo MVA, Ferreira TR. Monte Carlo simulations of synchrotron X-ray dose affecting root growth during in vivo tomographic imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5643. [PMID: 37024527 PMCID: PMC10079845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has been increasingly applied to study the in vivo dynamics of root growth and rhizosphere processes. However, minimizing radiation-induced damage to root growth warrants further investigation. Our objective was to develop a robust approach for modeling and evaluating ways to reduce synchrotron X-ray dose effects on root growth during in vivo imaging. Wheat roots growing in soil were exposed to X-rays during XCT experiments resolved in space (3D) plus time (4D). The dose rate and cumulative absorbed dose in roots were modelled using the Monte Carlo code FLUKA for different experimental conditions of polychromatic and quasi-monochromatic X-ray beam configurations. The most impactful factors affecting damage to roots were incident X-ray energy spectrum, stored current in the accelerator machine, position of the root in the soil, and possibly the number of exposures during the 4D XCT experiments. Our results imply that radiation dose during in vivo imaging of plant roots can be diminished by using monochromatic radiation at the highest energy suitable for a given sample thickness and field of view, and by controlling the rotation axis of off-centered roots to increase attenuation of radiation by the soil matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela C Moraes
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bacchim Neto
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Nathaly L Archilha
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pérez
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Victória A Araújo
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Talita R Ferreira
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil.
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Gomes FP, Soares MB, de Carvalho HWP, Sharma A, Hesterberg D, Alleoni LRF. Zinc speciation and desorption kinetics in a mining waste impacted tropical soil amended with phosphate. Sci Total Environ 2023; 864:161009. [PMID: 36549526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mining is an important component of the Brazilian economy. However, it may also contribute to environmental problems such as the pollution of soils with zinc and other potentially toxic metals. Our objective was to evaluate changes in the chemical speciation and mobility of Zn in a soil amended with phosphate. Soil samples were collected from a deactivated mining area in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and amended with NH4H2PO4 saturated with deionized water to 70 % of maximum water retention and incubated at 25 ± 2 °C in open containers for 60 days. The soil was chemically and mineralogically characterized, and sequential extraction, desorption kinetics, and speciation were carried out using synchrotron bulk-sample and micro-X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES/μ-XANES) spectroscopy at the Zn K-edge, and X-ray fluorescence microprobe analysis (μ-XRF). The combination of μ-XRF and μ-XANES techniques made it possible to identify Zn hotspots in the main species formed after phosphate remediation. The best fit combination for bulk XANES and μ-XANES was observed in Zn-montmorillonite, Zn-kerolite, Zn-ferrihydrite, and gahnite. In the course of phosphate treatment, gahnite, Zn layered double hydroxides (Zn-LDH), Zn3(PO4), and ZnO were identified by bulk XANES, while Zn-ferrihydrite, Zn-montmorillonite, and scholzite were identified by μ-XANES. Zinc in the phosphate-amended soil had the strongest partial correlations (r' > 0.05) with Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Mn, Si, P, Cd, Pb, and Cd, while the unamended soil showed the strongest correlation with Cu, Pb, Fe, and Si. The application of NH4H2PO4 altered Zn speciation and favored an increase in Zn desorption. The most available Zn contents after phosphate amendment were correlated with the release of exchangeable Zn fractions, associated with carbonate and organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Prestes Gomes
- University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Bortolanza Soares
- University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Aakriti Sharma
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), R. Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, Campinas 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Luís Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni
- University of São Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
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Zhi Y, Paterson AR, Call DF, Jones JL, Hesterberg D, Duckworth OW, Poitras EP, Knappe DRU. Mechanisms of orthophosphate removal from water by lanthanum carbonate and other lanthanum-containing materials. Sci Total Environ 2022; 820:153153. [PMID: 35041946 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Removing phosphorus (P) from water and wastewater is essential for preventing eutrophication and protecting environmental quality. Lanthanum [La(III)]-containing materials can effectively and selectively remove orthophosphate (PO4) from aqueous systems, but there remains a need to better understand the underlying mechanism of PO4 removal. Our objectives were to 1) identify the mechanism of PO4 removal by La-containing materials and 2) evaluate the ability of a new material, La2(CO3)3(s), to remove PO4 from different aqueous matrices, including municipal wastewater. We determined the dominant mechanism of PO4 removal by comparing geochemical simulations with equilibrium data from batch experiments and analyzing reaction products by X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. Geochemical simulations of aqueous systems containing PO4 and La-containing materials predicted that PO4 removal occurs via precipitation of poorly soluble LaPO4(s). Results from batch experiments agreed with those obtained from geochemical simulations, and mineralogical characterization of the reaction products were consistent with PO4 removal occurring primarily by precipitation of LaPO4(s). Between pH 1.5 and 12.9, La2(CO3)3(s) selectively removed PO4 over other anions from different aqueous matrices, including treated wastewater. However, the rate of PO4 removal decreased with increasing solution pH. In comparison to other solids, such as La(OH)3(s), La2(CO3)3(s) exhibits a relatively low solubility, particularly under slightly acidic conditions. Consequently, release of La3+ into the environment can be minimized when La2(CO3)3(s) is deployed for PO4 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Alisa R Paterson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Douglas F Call
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jacob L Jones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, 27695 Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Eric P Poitras
- Analytical Sciences Department, Research Triangle Institute, 27709 Durham, NC, USA
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Dela Piccolla C, Hesterberg D, Muraoka T, Novotny EH. Optimizing pyrolysis conditions for recycling pig bones into phosphate fertilizer. Waste Manag 2021; 131:249-257. [PMID: 34174561 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selecting pyrolysis parameters for recycling P-rich and hazardous biowastes, such as bones, into fertilizers is still a challenge. Our objective was to improve pyrolysis procedures of pig bones for the production of P fertilizers. Bone chars were produced by pyrolysis at 400, 550, or 800 °C with no gas addition; 550 and 800 °C under N2; 800 °C under steam flux, using calcination at 800 °C as control treatment. Synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy at the P and Ca K- and L-edges showed that these bone chars were largely composed of hydroxyapatite. Hydroxyapatite crystallization was inhibited by pyrolysis conducted in the absence of oxygen at 400, 550, or 800 °C, either under no gas or under N2 flux. The clogging of pores by lack of organic compounds removal was hypothesized to cause low surface area of 400 °C bone char, resulting in a fertilizer with citric-acid soluble P as low as calcination, while 550 and 800 °C bone chars obtained in absence of oxygen showed greater porosity, surface area, and citric acid-soluble P than steamed or calcined samples at 800 °C. Although extractable phosphate in water and neutral-ammonium-citrate showed trends comparable to those from citric acid, it was negligible for all heated materials. Since it is possible to produce bone chars with different chemical, physical and crystallographic properties by managing pyrolysis conditions, bone chars can be designed to increase their suitability as P fertilizers for different purposes, such as high solubility or slow P release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Dela Piccolla
- Soil Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil.
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Takashi Muraoka
- Soil Science Department, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil; Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13416000, Brazil.
| | - Etelvino Henrique Novotny
- Embrapa Soils, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation-Embrapa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22460000, Brazil.
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do Nascimento CWA, Hesterberg D, Tappero R. Imaging Zn and Ni distributions in leaves of different ages of the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens by synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence. J Hazard Mater 2021; 408:124813. [PMID: 33385722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mapping of leaves of hyperaccumulators can provide insights into the mechanisms these species utilize to accumulate high metal concentrations. We used synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) to perform Zn and Ni imaging in leaves of different ages of Noccaea caerulescens. A mature leaf of the related non-hyperaccumulator Thlaspi arvense was also imaged. The concentrations of Zn, Ni, Co, and Cr in N. caerulescens grown on an ultramafic soil were 9-, 10-, 12-, and 3-fold higher than T. arvense. N. caerulescens showed an exceptional ability to accumulate Zn from the soil, posing a bioconcentration factor of 6.7. T. arvense had Zn and Ni distributed uniformly in the leaf blade with doubling fluorescence counts in the tip and margins, suggesting a strategy to excrete metals and avoid toxicity. On the other hand, N. caerulescens displayed distinctly different Zn and Ni accumulation patterns, regardless of the age or metal concentration in the leaves. Zinc was mainly distributed in the cells surrounding the central and secondary veins. Nickel accumulated in the margins and tips of the leaf blade. Given the time required to image large leaves in synchrotron facilities, small leaves can be used to represent the leaf distribution of Zn and Ni in N. caerulescens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- North Carolina State University, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ryan Tappero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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Alves EEN, Ortega Rodriguez DR, Rocha PDA, Vergütz L, Santini Junior L, Hesterberg D, Pessenda LCR, Tomazello-Filho M, Costa LMD. Synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy for assessing elements distribution and speciation in mangrove tree-rings. Results in Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Nascimento CWAD, Hesterberg D, Tappero R. Effects of exogenous citric acid on the concentration and spatial distribution of Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn and Fe in leaves of Noccaea caerulescens grown on a serpentine soil. J Hazard Mater 2020; 398:122992. [PMID: 32512459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to show the potential of citric acid in increasing the concentration of Ni, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn and Fe in leaves of the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens. Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) images were collected to assess the distribution of metals in leaves. Applying citric acid (20 mmol kg-1) to soil increased in 14-, 10-, 7-, 2- and 1.4- fold the concentration of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cr, respectively, compared to the control. The μ-XRF imaging revealed that Ni and Zn were not spatially correlated across the leaf. We observed a clear partitioning of Zn between veins and surrounding leaf cells while Ni was more evenly distributed between veins and leaf blade. The accumulation of metals in citric acid treated plants did not change the Ni and Zn distribution pattern in leaves but altered the Mn distribution. It seems that Mn reached toxic concentrations in leaves and we hypothesize that a mechanism driven by transpiration through the xylem was used to excrete the metal. Our results show that citric acid can enhance metal accumulation by N. caerulescens and have impact for soil remediation by either decreasing the time for clean up or increasing the access to non-labile pools of metals in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- North Carolina State University, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ryan Tappero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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do Nascimento CWA, Hesterberg D, Tappero R, Nicholas S, da Silva FBV. Citric acid-assisted accumulation of Ni and other metals by Odontarrhena muralis: Implications for phytoextraction and metal foliar distribution assessed by μ-SXRF. Environ Pollut 2020; 260:114025. [PMID: 32004964 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Odontarrhena muralis is one of the most promissing plant species for Ni phytomining, and soil amendments can further increase its Ni phytoextraction ability. Here we investigated whether Ni phytomining/phytoremediation using this Ni hyperaccumulator can benefit from applying citric acid to a serpentine soil that is naturally enriched in Ni (>1000 mg kg-1). Synchrotron micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-SXRF) was used to image Ni and other metal distributions in whole fresh leaves of O. muralis. Leaf Ni accumulation in plants grown on citric acid-amended soil increased up to 55% while Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations were 4-, 14-, 6-, 7- and 1.3-fold higher than the control treatment. O. muralis presented high bioconcentration factors (leaf to soil concentration ratio) to Ni and Zn whereas Cr was seemingly excluded from uptake. The μ-SXRF images showed a uniform distribution of Ni, preferential localization of Co in the leaf tip, and clear concentration of Mn in the base of trichomes. The citric acid treatments strongly increased the Co fluoerescence intensity in the leaf tip and altered the spatial distribution of Mn across the leaf, but there was no difference in Ni fluorescence counts between the trichome-base region and the bulk leaf. Our data from a serpentine soil suggests that citrate treatment enhances Ni uptake, but Co is excreted from leaves even in low leaf concentrations, which can make Co phytoming using O. muralis unfeasible in natural serpentine soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- North Carolina State University, Crop and Soil Sciences Department, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ryan Tappero
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Sarah Nicholas
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, NSLS-II, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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Sharma A, Muyskens A, Guinness J, Polizzotto ML, Fuentes M, Tappero RV, Chen-Wiegart YCK, Thieme J, Williams GJ, Acerbo AS, Hesterberg D. Multi-element effects on arsenate accumulation in a geochemical matrix determined using µ-XRF, µ-XANES and spatial statistics. J Synchrotron Radiat 2019; 26:1967-1979. [PMID: 31721742 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519012785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soils regulate the environmental impacts of trace elements, but direct measurements of reaction mechanisms in these complex, multi-component systems can be challenging. The objective of this work was to develop approaches for assessing effects of co-localized geochemical matrix elements on the accumulation and chemical speciation of arsenate applied to a soil matrix. Synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microprobe (µ-XRF) images collected across 100 µm × 100 µm and 10 µm × 10 µm regions of a naturally weathered soil sand-grain coating before and after treatment with As(V) solution showed strong positive partial correlations (r' = 0.77 and 0.64, respectively) between accumulated As and soil Fe, with weaker partial correlations (r' > 0.1) between As and Ca, and As and Zn in the larger image. Spatial and non-spatial regression models revealed a dominant contribution of Fe and minor contributions of Ca and Ti in predicting accumulated As, depending on the size of the sample area analyzed. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of an area of the sand grain showed a significant correlation (r = 0.51) between Fe and Al, so effects of Fe versus Al (hydr)oxides on accumulated As could not be separated. Fitting results from 25 As K-edge microscale X-ray absorption near-edge structure (µ-XANES) spectra collected across a separate 10 µm × 10 µm region showed ∼60% variation in proportions of Fe(III) and Al(III)-bound As(V) standards, and fits to µ-XANES spectra collected across the 100 µm × 100 µm region were more variable. Consistent with insights from studies on model systems, the results obtained here indicate a dominance of Fe and possibly Al (hydr)oxides in controlling As(V) accumulation within microsites of the soil matrix analyzed, but the analyses inferred minor augmentation from co-localized Ti, Ca and possibly Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Sharma
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Amanda Muyskens
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Joseph Guinness
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Matthew L Polizzotto
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Montserrat Fuentes
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ryan V Tappero
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yu Chen K Chen-Wiegart
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Juergen Thieme
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Garth J Williams
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Alvin S Acerbo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Lopez AR, Silva SC, Webb SM, Hesterberg D, Buchwalter DB. Periphyton and abiotic factors influencing arsenic speciation in aquatic environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:903-913. [PMID: 29095518 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Benthic periphytic biofilms are important food sources at the base of aquatic ecosystems. These biofilms also sit at the interface of oxic waters and hypoxic sediments, and can be influenced by or influence trace element speciation. In the present study, we compared arsenic (As) enrichment in periphyton exposed to arsenate (As[V]) or arsenite (As[III]) (20 μg/L, static renewal, 7 d), and we found similar accumulation patterns of total As (101 ± 27 and 88 ± 22 mg kg-1 dry wt, respectively). Periphyton As was 6281- and 6684-fold higher than their aqueous exposures and occurred primarily as As(V). When these biofilms were fed to larval mayflies, similar total As tissue concentrations (13.9 and 14.6 mg kg-1 dry wt, respectively) were observed, revealing significant biodilution (∼ 10% of their dietary concentrations). Finally, we investigated the influence of aeration and periphyton presence on As speciation in solutions and solid phases treated with As(III). Predominantly As(III) solutions were slowly oxidized over a 7-d time period, in the absence of periphyton, and aeration did not strongly affect oxidation rates. However, in the presence of periphyton, solution and solid-phase analyses (by microscale x-ray absorption spectroscopy) showed rapid As(III) oxidation to As(V) and an increasing proportion of organo-As forming over time. Thus periphyton plays several roles in As environmental behavior: 1) decreasing total dissolved As concentrations via abiotic and biotic accumulation, 2) rapidly oxidizing As(III) to As(V), 3) effluxing organo-As forms into solution, and 4) limiting trophic transfer to aquatic grazers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:903-913. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline R Lopez
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Silmara Costa Silva
- Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Samuel M Webb
- Stanford University Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David B Buchwalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Li JY, Deng KY, Hesterberg D, Xia YQ, Wu CX, Xu RK. Mechanisms of enhanced inorganic phosphorus accumulation by periphyton in paddy fields as affected by calcium and ferrous ions. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:466-475. [PMID: 28755596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The effect of periphyton propagation in paddy fields on phosphorus biogeochemical cycling has received little attention. In this phytotron study, inorganic phosphorus (Pi) accumulation by periphyton was investigated for varying inputs of calcium [Ca(II)] or ferrous‑iron [Fe(II)], and lighting conditions. Results indicated that additions of Ca(II) or Fe(II) enhanced abiotic accumulation of Pi by up to 16 times, and decreased solution Pi concentration by up to 50%, especially under light condition. The enhanced Pi accumulation into periphyton intensified with increasing Pi concentration, and Pi accumulation showed a positive linear relationship with Ca or Fe accumulation. Abiotic accumulation of Pi induced by Ca(II) was mainly through Ca-phosphate precipitation, and co-precipitation of P with carbonates at pH>8. Accumulation with added Fe(II) was mainly considered to be through Fe(III) phosphate precipitation coupled with adsorption of Pi by ferric hydroxides. Moreover, Fe(II) was more effective than Ca(II) in promoting abiotic accumulation of Pi by periphyton. Our results indicate the potential for controlling environmental factors to enhance the role of periphyton in biogeochemical cycling and P-use efficiency in paddy rice fields and to reduce P discharged to neighboring water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, USA
| | - Kai-Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, USA
| | - Yong-Qiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China
| | - Chen-Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ren-Kou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 21008, China.
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Colzato M, Kamogawa MY, Carvalho HWP, Alleoni LRF, Hesterberg D. Temporal Changes in Cadmium Speciation in Brazilian Soils Evaluated Using Cd LIII-Edge XANES and Chemical Fractionation. J Environ Qual 2017; 46:1206-1214. [PMID: 29293850 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.08.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical speciation of soil cadmium (Cd) dictates its mobility and potential toxicity in the environment. Our objective was to compare temporal changes in speciation of Cd(II) reacted with samples from six Brazilian soils having varying Cd(II) sorption capacities. Cadmium L-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis showed there were short-term changes in speciation after reaction with 4.45 mmol Cd kg for 0.5 and 6 h. Chemical fractionation evaluated changes in Cd extractability after reaction with 89 μmol Cd kg for up to 4 mo. The XANES spectral fits suggested that Cd(II) bound with organic matter was a dominant species in all samples, along with Cd(II) bound with iron and aluminum oxides or montmorillonite. In several samples, CdCl apparently precipitated from aqueous Cd(II) during drying. The XANES spectral fits typically showed <25% change in speciation between 0.5 and 6 h of reaction, and chemical fractionation showed significant ( < 0.05) temporal changes in Cd extractability over time in two samples. Our results suggest that Cd(II) discharged into these soils, such as that occurring as a release into the environment, would bind with soil organic matter and oxide minerals or remain dissolved, with little change in speciation in the months following release.
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Scheibener SA, Rivera NA, Hesterberg D, Duckworth OW, Buchwalter DB. Periphyton uptake and trophic transfer of coal fly-ash-derived trace elements. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:2991-2996. [PMID: 28543800 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether the bioavailability of trace elements derived from coal ash leachates varies with the geochemical conditions associated with their formation, we quantified periphyton bioaccumulation and subsequent trophic transfer to the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer. Oxic ash incubations favored periphyton uptake of arsenic, selenium, strontium, and manganese, whereas anoxic incubations favored periphyton uptake of uranium. Mayfly enrichment was strongest for selenium, whereas biodilution was observed for strontium, uranium, and arsenic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2991-2996. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane A Scheibener
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nelson A Rivera
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - David B Buchwalter
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Hesterberg D, McNulty I, Thieme J. Speciation of Soil Phosphorus Assessed by XANES Spectroscopy at Different Spatial Scales. J Environ Qual 2017; 46:1190-1197. [PMID: 29293859 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.11.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise management of soil phosphorus (P) to meet competing demands of agriculture and environmental protection can benefit from more comprehensive characterization of P speciation in soils. Our objectives were to provide spatial context for spectroscopic analyses of soil P speciation in relation to molecular-scale species and landscape-scale management of P, and to compare soil P-species diversity from spectroscopic measurements at submicron and millimeter scales. The spatial range of ∼26 orders of magnitude between atomic and field scales presents a challenge to upscaling and downscaling information from spectroscopic analyses of soils. Scanning fluorescence X-ray microscopy images of a 50-μm × 45-μm area of an organic soil sample showed heterogeneous distributions of P, Al, and Si. Microscale X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) spectra collected at the P K-edge from 12 spots on the soil sample exhibited diverse features that indicated variations in highly localized P speciation. Linear combination fitting analysis of the μ-XANES spectra included various proportions of three standards that appeared in fits for most spots and five standards that appeared in fits for one spot each. The fit to a bulk-soil spectrum was dominated by two of the common standards in the μ-XANES fits, and a fit to the sum of μ-XANES spectra included four of the standards. These results illustrate a gain in P species sensitivity from spatially resolved XANES analysis. Integrating spectroscopic analyses from multiple scales determines soil P species diversity and will ultimately help connect speciation to the chemical reactivity and mobility of P in soils.
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16
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Santos WO, Hesterberg D, Mattiello EM, Vergütz L, Barreto MSC, Silva IR, Souza Filho LFS. Increasing Soluble Phosphate Species by Treatment of Phosphate Rocks with Acidic Waste. J Environ Qual 2016; 45:1988-1997. [PMID: 27898793 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.03.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient fertilizers with a diminished environmental footprint will help meet the increasing demand for food and nutrients by a growing global population. Our objective was to evaluate whether an acidic mine waste (AMW) could be used beneficially by reacting it with sparingly soluble phosphate rocks (PRs) to produce more soluble P fertilizer materials. Three PRs from Brazil and Peru were reacted with different concentrations of AMW. Changes in mineralogy and P species were determined using a combination of X-ray diffraction and phosphorus K-edge XANES spectroscopy, in addition to extractable P concentrations. Increasing the AMW concentration typically increased extractable P. X-ray diffraction data showed transformation of apatite to other species when PRs were reacted with AMW at ≥50% (v/v) in water, with gypsum or anhydrite forming at AMW concentrations as low as 12.5%. Linear combination fitting analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra also indicated a progressive transformation of apatite to noncrystalline Fe(III)-phosphate and more soluble Ca-phosphates with increasing AMW concentration. Because this AMW is costly to dispose of, reacting it with PR to produce a higher-grade phosphate fertilizer material could decrease the environmental impacts of the AMW and diminish the consumption of pure acids in conventional P fertilizer production.
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Eriksson AK, Hesterberg D, Klysubun W, Gustafsson JP. Phosphorus dynamics in Swedish agricultural soils as influenced by fertilization and mineralogical properties: Insights gained from batch experiments and XANES spectroscopy. Sci Total Environ 2016; 566-567:1410-1419. [PMID: 27312272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The soil chemistry of phosphorus (P) is important for understanding the processes governing plant availability as well as the risk of environmental losses of P. The objective of this research was to investigate both the speciation and the pH-dependent solubility patterns of P in clayey agricultural soils in relation to soil mineralogy and fertilization history. The study focused on soil samples from six fields that were subjected to different P fertilization regimes for periods of 45 to 57years. Soil P speciation was analyzed by P K-edge XANES spectroscopy and chemical fractionation, sorption isotherms were constructed, and dissolved P was measured as a function of pH. The XANES fitting results showed that organic P and P adsorbed to Fe and Al (hydr)oxides were common P constituents in all soils. Calcium phosphates were identified in five of six soil samples. The XANES results also indicated an increase in P adsorbed to Al and to a lesser extent Fe (hydr)oxides as a result of fertilization. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity from the P K-edge XANES analysis was most strongly correlated with HCl-digestible P (r=0.81***). Consistent with the XANES analysis, laboratory sorption isotherm models showed that the Freundlich sorption coefficient (KF) was most closely related to oxalate-extractable Al. Greater proportions of Ca phosphate in two of the heavily fertilized soils in combination with enhanced PO4 solubilization upon sample acidification indicated neoformation of Ca-phosphate precipitates. The results for the unfertilized soil samples generally showed a minimum in dissolved PO4 between pH6.5 and 7.5, with increases particularly at lower pH. This behavior can be explained either by the dissolution of Al-hydroxide-type sorbents or Ca phosphates at lower pH. In fertilized soils, there was no consistent trend in pH-dependent solubilization of P, with a complex relationship to solid-phase speciation. To conclude, inorganic P species changed most dynamically in agricultural clay soils over a period of several decades, and the role of pH in the solubilization of P depended mainly on P fertilization history and the content of reactive Ca phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Kristin Eriksson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, United States
| | - Wantana Klysubun
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Jon Petter Gustafsson
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7014, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 76, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Gillispie EC, Austin RE, Rivera NA, Bolich R, Duckworth OW, Bradley P, Amoozegar A, Hesterberg D, Polizzotto ML. Soil Weathering as an Engine for Manganese Contamination of Well Water. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:9963-9971. [PMID: 27570123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) contamination of well water is recognized as an environmental health concern. In the southeastern Piedmont region of the United States, well water Mn concentrations can be >2 orders of magnitude above health limits, but the specific sources and causes of elevated Mn in groundwater are generally unknown. Here, using field, laboratory, spectroscopic, and geospatial analyses, we propose that natural pedogenetic and hydrogeochemical processes couple to export Mn from the near-surface to fractured-bedrock aquifers within the Piedmont. Dissolved Mn concentrations are greatest just below the water table and decrease with depth. Solid-phase concentration, chemical extraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data show that secondary Mn oxides accumulate near the water table within the chemically weathering saprolite, whereas less-reactive, primary Mn-bearing minerals dominate Mn speciation within the physically weathered transition zone and bedrock. Mass-balance calculations indicate soil weathering has depleted over 40% of the original solid-phase Mn from the near-surface, and hydrologic gradients provide a driving force for downward delivery of Mn. Overall, we estimate that >1 million people in the southeastern Piedmont consume well water containing Mn at concentrations exceeding recommended standards, and collectively, these results suggest that integrated soil-bedrock-system analyses are needed to predict and manage Mn in drinking-water wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Gillispie
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University , 101 Derieux St, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, North Carolina 26795, United States
| | - Robert E Austin
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University , 101 Derieux St, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, North Carolina 26795, United States
| | - Nelson A Rivera
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University , 101 Derieux St, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, North Carolina 26795, United States
| | - Rick Bolich
- North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality - Division of Water Resources, 3800 Barrett Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27609, United States
| | - Owen W Duckworth
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University , 101 Derieux St, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, North Carolina 26795, United States
| | - Phil Bradley
- Norh Carolina Geological Survey, 512 North Salisbury Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604, United States
| | - Aziz Amoozegar
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University , 101 Derieux St, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, North Carolina 26795, United States
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University , 101 Derieux St, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, North Carolina 26795, United States
| | - Matthew L Polizzotto
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University , 101 Derieux St, Campus Box 7619, Raleigh, North Carolina 26795, United States
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Hesterberg D, Polizzotto ML, Crozier C, Austin RE. Assessment of trace element impacts on agricultural use of water from the Dan River following the Eden coal ash release. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016; 12:353-363. [PMID: 26033746 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Catastrophic events require rapid, scientifically sound decision making to mitigate impacts on human welfare and the environment. The objective of this study was to analyze potential impacts of coal ash-derived trace elements on agriculture following a 35,000-tonne release of coal ash into the Dan River at the Duke Energy Steam Station in Eden, North Carolina. We performed scenario calculations to assess the potential for excessive trace element loading to soils via irrigation and flooding with Dan River water, uptake of trace elements by crops, and livestock consumption of trace elements via drinking water. Concentrations of 13 trace elements measured in Dan River water samples within 4 km of the release site declined sharply after the release and were equivalent within 5 d to measurements taken upriver. Mass-balance calculations based on estimates of soil trace-element concentrations and the nominal river water concentrations indicated that irrigation or flooding with 25 cm of Dan River water would increase soil concentrations of all trace elements by less than 0.5%. Calculations of potential increases of trace elements in corn grain and silage, fescue, and tobacco leaves suggested that As, Cr, Se, Sr, and V were elements of most concern. Concentrations of trace elements measured in river water following the ash release never exceeded adopted standards for livestock drinking water. Based on our analyses, we present guidelines for safe usage of Dan River water to diminish negative impacts of trace elements on soils and crop production. In general, the approach we describe here may serve as a basis for rapid assessment of environmental and agricultural risks associated with any similar types of releases that arise in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew L Polizzotto
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carl Crozier
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert E Austin
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Kelly SD, Hesterberg D, Ravel B. Analysis of Soils and Minerals Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Methods of Soil Analysis Part 5-Mineralogical Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.2136/sssabookser5.5.c14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Kelly
- Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois
| | - D. Hesterberg
- North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina
| | - B. Ravel
- Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois
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Abstract
Rhizoremediation of petroleum contaminants is a phytoremediation process that depends on interactions among plants, microbes, and soils. Trees and grasses are commonly used for phytoremediation, with trees typically being chosen for remediation of BTEX while grasses are more commonly used for remediation of PAHs and total petroleum hydrocarbons. The objective of this review was to compare the effectiveness of trees and grasses for rhizoremediation of hydrocarbons and address the advantages of each vegetation type. Grasses were more heavily represented in the literature and therefore demonstrated a wider range of effectiveness. However, the greater biomass and depth of tree roots may have greater potential for promoting environmental conditions that can improve rhizoremediation, such as increased metabolizable organic carbon, oxygen, and water. Overall, we found little difference between grasses and trees with respect to average reduction of hydrocarbons for studies that compared planted treatments with a control. Additional detailed investigations into plant attributes that most influence hydrocarbon degradation rates should provide data needed to determine the potential for rhizoremediation with trees or grasses for a given site and identify which plant characteristics are most important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Cook
- North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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Hesterberg D, Duff MC, Dixon JB, Vepraskas MJ. ChemInform Abstract: X-Ray Microspectroscopy and Chemical Reactions in Soil Microsites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/chin.201202273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Poorly crystalline minerals have high sorption capacities for environmentally important chemical species, but molecular-level mechanisms of sorption on complex mineral assemblages remain largely unknown. We determined the distribution of orthophosphate (PO(4)) bonding between Al and Fe in relation to structural properties of Al/Fe-hydroxide coprecipitates. Phosphate was sorbed at concentrations between 0.042 and 0.162 mol P mol(-1) Al+Fe on coprecipitates containing 0, 20, 50, 75, or 100 mol % of metal as Al. Phosphorus XANES analyses showed preferential bonding of PO(4) for Al on coprecipitates with 20 and 50 mol % Al, and no preference for either metal at 75 mol % Al, consistent with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of near-surface metal distributions. Structural ordering and the Fe-hydroxide domain size in coprecipitates decreased with increasing Al proportion, as shown by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fe EXAFS analyses. Structural interactions in coprecipitates imparted unique PO(4) sorption properties compared with isolated Al- or Fe-hydroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Kizewski F, Liu YT, Morris A, Hesterberg D. Spectroscopic approaches for phosphorus speciation in soils and other environmental systems. J Environ Qual 2011; 40:751-66. [PMID: 21546661 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, environmental scientists have become increasingly involved in developing novel approaches for applying emerging spectroscopic techniques to complex environmental matrices. The objective of this review is to convey the most common chemical species of phosphorus reported for soils, sediments, model systems, and waste materials based on analyses by four spectroscopic techniques: X-ray absorption near-edge structure, nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Unique information is provided by each technique at a level of specificity that depends in part on matrix complexity. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques reveal inorganic and organic P species in intact environmental matrices or in chemical extracts, whereas the Fourier transform infrared and Raman techniques can provide more specific bonding information about mineral or adsorbed P species in model analogs of matrix components. The most common P species in soils and sediments as indicated by spectroscopy are hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate minerals, phosphate adsorbed on Fe- and Al-oxides, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates, phosphate mono- and di-esters, and phosphonates. Continued advancements in spectroscopic methods should improve speciation-based models of P mobilization and transformations in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Kizewski
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA
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Abstract
Soils provide long-term storage of environmental contaminants, which helps to protect water and air quality and diminishes negative impacts of contaminants on human and ecosystem health. Characterizing solid-phase chemical species in highly complex matrices is essential for developing principles that can be broadly applied to the wide range of notoriously heterogeneous soils occurring at the earth's surface. In the context of historical developments in soil analytical techniques, we describe applications of bulk-sample and spatially resolved synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for characterizing chemical species of contaminants in soils, and for determining the uniqueness of trace-element reactivity in different soil microsites. Spatially resolved X-ray techniques provide opportunities for following chemical changes within soil microsites that serve as highly localized chemical micro- (or nano-)reactors of unique composition. An example of this microreactor concept is shown for micro-X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis of metal sulfide oxidation in a contaminated soil. One research challenge is to use information and principles developed from microscale soil chemistry for predicting macroscale and field-scale behavior of soil contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R. Kizewski
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7619
| | - Paul Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7619
| | - Dean Hesterberg
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7619
| | - James D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, and Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7619
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Hesterberg D. Macroscale Chemical Properties and X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Soil Phosphorus. Synchrotron-Based Techniques in Soils and Sediments 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-2481(10)34011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Eveborn D, Gustafsson IP, Hesterberg D, Hillier S. XANES speciation of P in environmental samples: an assessment of filter media for on-site wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:6515-6521. [PMID: 19764210 DOI: 10.1021/es901084z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy is a useful technique for characterization of chemical species of phosphorus in complex environmental samples. To develop and evaluate bed filters as sustainable on-site wastewater treatment solutions, our objective in this study was to determine the chemical forms of accumulated phosphorus in a selection of promising filter materials: Filtralite P, Filtra P, Polonite, Absol, blast furnace slag, and wollastonite. Full-scale operational wastewater-treatment systems were sampled and in addition, filter samples collected from laboratory studies provided access to additional media and complementary samples. Phosphorus species were characterized using phosphorus K-edge XANES spectroscopy, complemented by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). No systematic differences could be seen in the results between laboratory- and full-scale samples. All six filter media contained significant amounts of crystalline calcium phosphates. Some samples also contained amorphous calcium phosphate (>60% of total P in Absol). In Filtralite P and blast furnace slag, more than 35% of the accumulated phosphorus was associated with Fe or Al. Both the power and shortcomings of XANES analysis for characterizing P species in these filter media are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eveborn
- Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Maguire RO, Hesterberg D, Gernat A, Anderson K, Wineland M, Grimes J. Liming poultry manures to decrease soluble phosphorus and suppress the bacteria population. J Environ Qual 2006; 35:849-57. [PMID: 16585628 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2005.0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stabilizing phosphorus (P) in poultry waste to reduce P losses from manured soils is important to protect surface waters, while pathogens in manures are an emerging issue. This study was conducted to evaluate CaO and Ca(OH)2 for killing manure bacterial populations (pathogens) and stabilizing P in poultry wastes and to investigate the influence on soils following amendment with the treated wastes. Layer manure and broiler litter varying in moisture content were treated with CaO and Ca(OH)2 at rates of 2.5, 5, 10, and 15% by weight. All treated wastes were analyzed for microbial plate counts, pH, and water-soluble phosphorus (WSP), while a few selected layer manures were analyzed by phosphorus X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). A loamy sand and a silt loam were amended with broiler litter and layer manure treated with CaO at rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15% and soil WSP and pH were measured at times 1, 8, and 29 d. Liming reduced bacterial populations, with greater rates of lime leading to greater reductions; for example 10% CaO applied to 20% solids broiler litter reduced the plate counts from 793,000 to 6500 mL-1. Liming also reduced the WSP in the manures by over 90% in all cases where at least 10% CaO was added. Liming the manures also reduced WSP in soils immediately following application and raised soil pH. The liming process used successfully reduced plate counts and concerns about P losses in runoff following land application of these limed products due to decreased WSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Maguire
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Khare N, Hesterberg D, Martin JD. XANES investigation of phosphate sorption in single and binary systems of iron and aluminum oxide minerals. Environ Sci Technol 2005; 39:2152-60. [PMID: 15871250 DOI: 10.1021/es049237b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate sorption on Fe- and Al-oxide minerals helps regulate the solubility and mobility of P in the environment. The objective of this study was to characterize phosphate adsorption and precipitation in single and binary systems of Fe- and Al-oxide minerals. Varying concentrations of phosphate were reacted for 42 h in aqueous suspensions containing goethite, ferrihydrite, boehmite, or noncrystalline (non-xl) Al-hydroxide, and in 1:1 (by mass) mixed-mineral suspensions of goethite/boehmite and ferrihydrite/ non-xl Al-hydroxide at pH 6 and 22 degrees C. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to detect precipitated phosphate and distinguish PO4 associated with Fe(III) versus Al(III) in mixed-mineral systems. Changes in the full width at half-maximum height (fwhm) in the white-line peak in P K-XANES spectra provided evidence for precipitation in Al-oxide single-mineral systems, but not in goethite or ferrihydrite systems. Similarly, adsorption isotherms and XANES data showed evidence for precipitation in goethite/boehmite mixtures, suggesting that mineral interactive effects on PO4 sorption were minimal. However, sorption in ferrihydrite/non-xl Al-hydroxide systems and a lack of XANES evidence for precipitation indicated that mineral interactions inhibited precipitation in these binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Khare
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7619, USA
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Abstract
Phosphorus dissolution often increases as soils become more reduced, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objectives of this research were to determine rates and mechanisms of P dissolution during microbial reduction of a surface soil from the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Duplicate suspensions of silt + clay fractions from a Cape Fear sandy clay loam (fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Umbraquult) were reduced in a continuously stirred redox reactor for 40 d. We studied the effects of three treatments on P dissolution: (i) 2 g dextrose kg(-1) solids added as a microbial carbon source at time 0 d; (ii) 2 g dextrose kg(-1) solids split into three additions at 0, 12, and 26 d; and (iii) no added dextrose. After 40 d of reduction, concentrations of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) were similar for all treatments and increased up to sevenfold from 1.5 to 10 mg L(-1). The initial rate of reduction and dissolution of DRP was significantly greater for the 0-d treatment. A linear relationship (R(2) = 0.79) was found between DRP and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Dissolved Fe and Al and pH increased, suggesting the formation of aqueous Fe- and Al-organic matter complexes. Separate batch experiments were performed to study the effects of increasing pH and citrate additions on PO(4) dissolution under aerobic conditions. Increasing additions of citrate increased concentrations of DRP, Fe, and Al, while increasing pH had no effect. Results indicated that increased dissolved organic matter (DOM) during soil reduction contributed to the increase in DRP, perhaps by competitive adsorption or formation of aqueous ternary DOM-Fe-PO(4) or DOM-Al-PO(4) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Hutchison
- Department of Soil Science, Box 7619, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, USA.
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Abstract
Trace element mobility in soils depends on contaminant concentration, chemical speciation, water movement, and soil matrix properties such as mineralogy, pH, and redox potential. Our objective was to characterize trace element dissolution in response to acidification of soil samples from two abandoned incinerators in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Trace element concentrations in 11 soil samples from both sites ranged from 2 to 46 mg Cu kg(-1), 3 to 105 mg Pb kg(-1), 1 to 102 mg Zn kg(-1), 3 to 11 mg Cr kg(-1), < 0.1 to 10 mg As kg(-1), and < 0.01 to 0.9 mg Cd kg(-1). Acidified CaCl2 solutions were passed through soil columns to bring the effluent solution to approximately pH 4 during a 280-h flow period. Maximum concentrations of dissolved Cu, Pb, and Zn at the lowest pH of an experiment (pH 3.8-4.1) were 0.32 mg Cu L(-1), 0.11 mg Pb L(-1), and 1.3 mg Zn L(-1) for samples from the site with well-drained soils, and 0.25 mg Cu L(-1), 1.2 mg Pb L(-1), and 1.4 mg Zn L(-1) for samples from the site with more poorly drained soils. Dissolved Cu concentration at pH 4 increased linearly with increasing soil Cu concentration, but no such relationship was found for Zn. Dissolved concentrations of other trace elements were below our analytical detection limits. Synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy showed that Cr and As were in their less mobile Cr(III) and As(V) oxidation states. XANES analysis of Cu and Zn on selected samples indicated an association of Cu(II) with soil organic matter and Zn(II) with Al- and Fe-oxides or franklinite.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiSu Bang
- Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Box 7619, Raleigh, NC 27695-7619, USA
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Beauchemin S, Hesterberg D, Nadeau J, McGeer JC. Speciation of hepatic Zn in trout exposed to elevated waterborne Zn using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 2004; 38:1288-1295. [PMID: 15046328 DOI: 10.1021/es034979a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The long-term impacts of chronic metal exposure for aquatic biota are not well understood, partly due to a lack of understanding of metal speciation within tissues. The objective of this study was to determine hepatic Zn speciation of rainbow trout (Oncorhnychus mykiss) exposed to Zn-enriched water in relation to unexposed (control) fish,through direct analysis of freeze-dried liver samples using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Juvenile rainbow trout (n=30) were exposed to Zn in a two-step process, 200 microg L(-1) for 14 days, followed by 370 microg L(-1) for 23 days. Thirty other trout were grown in a control treatment (10 microg Zn L(-1)). At the end of the experiment, three liver samples per treatment were collected, freeze-dried, ground, and mixed homogeneously. Although Zn concentration was higher in the Zn-exposed livers than in the control livers (22.32 vs 13.73 mg kg(-1), respectively; p < 0.05), Zn speciation was similar for both groups. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy indicated that Zn was coordinated to 4 sulfur atoms with an average Zn-S bond distance of 2.31 +/- 0.02 A. Sulfur K-XANES analysis confirmed that S was predominantly in reduced organic form analogous to cysteine. Our results are consistent with previous evidence for Zn(II) bonding to S in metallothionein proteins. These results suggest that the mechanisms for dealing with the extra load of bioaccumulated Zn in high exposure conditions were the same as in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Beauchemin
- Environment Group, Mining and Mineral Sciences Laboratories, Natural Resources Canada, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0G1.
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Beauchemin S, Hesterberg D, Chou J, Beauchemin M, Simard RR, Sayers DE. Speciation of phosphorus in phosphorus-enriched agricultural soils using X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy and chemical fractionation. J Environ Qual 2003; 32:1809-1819. [PMID: 14535324 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2003.1809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of phosphorus (P) species in P-rich soils is useful for assessing P mobility and potential transfer to ground water and surface waters. Soil P was studied using synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (a nondestructive chemical-speciation technique) and sequential chemical fractionation. The objective was to determine the chemical speciation of P in long-term-fertilized, P-rich soils differing in pH, clay, and organic matter contents. Samples of three slightly acidic (pH 5.5-6.2) and two slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.6) soils were collected from A or B horizons in two distinct agrosystems in the province of Québec, Canada. The soils contained between 800 and 2100 mg total P kg(-1). Distinct XANES features for Ca-phosphate mineral standards and for standards of adsorbed phosphate made it possible to differentiate these forms of P in the soil samples. The XANES results indicated that phosphate adsorbed on Fe- or Al-oxide minerals was present in all soils, with a higher proportion in acidic than in slightly alkaline samples. Calcium phosphate also occurred in all soils, regardless of pH. In agreement with chemical fractionation results, XANES data showed that Ca-phosphates were the dominant P forms in one acidic (pH 5.5) and in the two slightly alkaline (pH 7.4-7.6) soil samples. X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy directly identified certain forms of soil P, while chemical fractionation provided indirect supporting data and gave insights on additional forms of P such as organic pools that were not accounted for by the XANES analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Beauchemin
- Natural Resources Canada, CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Office 332A, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0G1.
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DeVolder PS, Brown SL, Hesterberg D, Pandya K. Metal bioavailability and speciation in a wetland tailings repository amended with biosolids compost, wood ash, and sulfate. J Environ Qual 2003; 32:851-864. [PMID: 12809286 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2003.8510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead poisoning of waterfowl from direct ingestion of wetland mine tailings has been reported at the Coeur d'Alene River basin in Idaho. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of surface applications of amendments on lead bioavailability in the tailings. Treatments included sediment only, and sediment with three different surface amendments: (i) biosolids compost plus wood ash, (ii) compost + wood ash + a low SO4(2-) addition as K2SO4, and (iii) compost + wood ash + a high SO4(2-) addition. Measured variables included growth and tissue Pb, Zn, and Cd concentration of arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia Willd.) and cattail (Typha latifolia L.) and soil pH, redox potential (Eh), pore water Pb, Pb speciation by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and in vitro Pb bioavailability. The compost + ash amendment alleviated phytotoxicity for both plant species. Bioavailability of Pb as measured by a rapid in vitro extract decreased by 24 to 34% (over control) in the tailings directly below the amendment layer in the compost + SO4 treatments. The ratio of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) to simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) also indicated a reduction in Pb bioavailability (1:40 control, 1:20 compost, 1:8 compost + low SO4, and 1:3 compost + high SO4). Extended X-ray adsorption fine structure (EXAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy data indicated that lead sulfide was greater after 99 d in the treatments that included additions of sulfate. These results indicated that, under reducing conditions, surface amendments of compost + wood ash (with or without sulfate) decreased the bioavailability of Pb in metal-contaminated mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pam S DeVolder
- College of Forest Resources, Box 352100, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA
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Ryan JA, Zhang P, Hesterberg D, Chou J, Sayers DE. Formation of chloropyromorphite in a lead-contaminated soil amended with hydroxyapatite. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:3798-3803. [PMID: 11783662 DOI: 10.1021/es010634l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of soil Pb to pyromorphite [Pb5(PO4)3Cl] was evaluated by reacting a Pb contaminated soil collected adjacent to a historical smelter with hydroxyapatite [Ca5(PO4)3OH]. In a dialysis experiment where the soil and hydroxyapatite solids were placed in separate dialysis bags suspended in 0.01 M NaNO3 solution a crystalline precipitate, identified as chloropyromorphite, formed on the dialysis membrane containing the soil. The aqueous composition of the solution indicated that dissolution of solid-phase soil Pb was the rate-limiting step for pyromorphite formation. Addition of hydroxyapatite to the soil caused a decrease in each of the first four fractions of sequential extractable Pb and a 35% increase in the recalcitrant extraction residue. After a 240-d incubation at field-moisture content there was a further increase in the recalcitrant extraction residue fraction of the hydroxyapatite-amended soil to 45% of the total soil Pb. The increase in the extraction residue fraction in the hydroxyapatite amended 0-d incubated soil as compared to the control soil illustrates that the chemical extraction procedure itself caused changes in extractability. Thus, the chemical extraction procedure cannot easily be utilized to confirm changes occurring in amended soils. The further increase after the 240-d incubation implies that the reaction also occurs in the soil during incubation. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy indicated that after the 240-d incubation the hydroxyapatite treatment caused a change in the average, local molecular bonding environment of soil Pb. Low-temperature EXAFS spectra (chi data and radial structure functions--RSFs) showed a high degree of similarity between the chemical extraction residue and synthetic pyromorphite, providing additional evidence that the change of soil Pb to pyromorphite is possible by simple amendments of hydroxyapatite to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Ryan
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US EPA, Cincinnati, Ohio 45224, USA.
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Hesterberg D, Chou JW, Hutchison KJ, Sayers DE. Bonding of Hg(II) to reduced organic sulfur in humic acid as affected by S/Hg ratio. Environ Sci Technol 2001; 35:2741-2745. [PMID: 11452602 DOI: 10.1021/es001960o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter is an important sorbent of heavy metals in soils and sediments. The heterogeneity of organic matter, including the presence of various reactive O-, N-, and S-bearing ligands, makes it difficult to precisely characterize the nature of metal-ligand binding sites. The objective of this research was to characterize the extent and nature of Hg(II) bonding with reduced organic S in soil organic matter. Sulfur-rich humic acid (0.7 +/- 0.1 mol of S kg-1) was extracted from samples of surface soil from a marine wetland. Synchrotron X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis at the S K edge indicated that 70 +/- 3 mol % of the organic S was in a reduced oxidation state. Aqueous solutions containing 2 mmol of Hg kg-1, 0.1 M NaNO3, and humic acid added at various S/Hg molar ratios at pH 5.60 +/- 0.02 were characterized using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy at the Hg LIII edge. Spectral fitting showed that as the total S/Hg ratio increased from 0.6 to 5.6 (reduced S/Hg of 0.4-4.0), the fraction of Hg-S bonding relative to Hg-O (or Hg-N) bonding increased from 0.4 to 0.9. Results demonstrated preferential bonding of Hg(II) to reduced organic S sites and indicated that multiple sulfur ligands were coordinated with Hg2+ ions at high S/Hg ratios, which corresponded to low levels of complexed Hg(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hesterberg
- Department of Soil Science, Box 7619, and Department of Physics, Box 7518, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.
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Colberg M, Sáez A, Grant C, Hutchison K, Hesterberg D. Dynamic hydration of phospholipid films in aqueous environments. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0927-7757(98)00842-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hesterberg D, Zhou W, Hutchison KJ, Beauchemin S, Sayers DE. XAFS study of adsorbed and mineral forms of phosphate. J Synchrotron Radiat 1999; 6:636-638. [PMID: 15263406 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049599000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1998] [Accepted: 01/06/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Zhou W, Hesterberg D, Hansen PD, Hutchison KJ, Sayers DE. Stability of copper sulfide in a contaminated soil. J Synchrotron Radiat 1999; 6:630-632. [PMID: 15263404 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049599001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1998] [Accepted: 01/28/1999] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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Hesterberg D, Sayers DE, Zhou W, Robarge WP, Plummer GM. XAFS Characterization of Copper in Model Aqueous Systems of Humic Acid and Illite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1051/jp4:1997253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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