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Woo J, Zhai T, Yang F, Xu H, Healey ML, Yates DP, Beste MT, Steensma DP. Effect of Clonal Hematopoiesis Mutations and Canakinumab Treatment on Incidence of Solid Tumors in the CANTOS Randomized Clinical Trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2024:745183. [PMID: 38701435 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-23-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is more common in older persons and has been associated with an increased risk of hematological cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The most common CH mutations occur in the DNMT3A and TET2 genes and result in increased pro-inflammatory signaling. The Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS, NCT01327846) evaluated the neutralizing anti-IL-1β antibody canakinumab in 10,061 randomized patients with a history of myocardial infarction and persistent inflammation; DNA samples were available from 3,923 patients for targeted genomic sequencing. We examined the incidence of non-hematological malignancy by treatment assignment and CH mutations and estimated the cumulative incidence of malignancy events during trial follow-up. Patients with TET2 mutations treated with canakinumab had the lowest incidence of non-hematological malignancy across cancer types. The cumulative incidence of at least one reported malignancy was lower for patients with TET2 mutations treated with canakinumab vs those treated with placebo. These findings support a potential role for canakinumab in cancer prevention and provide evidence of IL-1β blockade cooperating with CH mutations to modify the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghee Woo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tingting Zhai
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Fang Yang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Huilei Xu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Margaret L Healey
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Denise P Yates
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael T Beste
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Woo J, Lu D, Lewandowski A, Xu H, Serrano P, Healey M, Yates DP, Beste MT, Libby P, Ridker PM, Steensma DP. Effects of IL-1β inhibition on anemia and clonal hematopoiesis in the randomized CANTOS trial. Blood Adv 2023; 7:7471-7484. [PMID: 37934948 PMCID: PMC10758744 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), improved hemoglobin levels while preventing recurrent cardiovascular events in the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS). This cardiovascular (CV) preventive effect was greater in patients with TET2 mutations associated with clonal hematopoiesis (CH). The current proteogenomic analysis aimed to understand the clinical response to canakinumab and underlying proteomic profiles in the context of CH and anemia. The analysis included 4595 patients from the CANTOS study who received either canakinumab or placebo and evaluated multiplexed proteomics (4785 proteins) using SomaScan and targeted deep sequencing for CH mutations. Incident anemia was more common in the presence of CH mutations but reduced by canakinumab treatment. Canakinumab treatment was significantly associated with higher hemoglobin increment in patients with concurrent CH mutations and anemia than patients with CH mutations without anemia or without CH mutations. Compared with those without CH mutations, the presence of CH mutations was associated with proteomic signatures of inflammation and defense response to infection, as well as markers of high-risk CV disease which was further enhanced by the presence of anemia. Canakinumab suppressed hepcidin, proinflammatory cytokines, myeloid activation, and complement pathways, and reversed pathologically deregulated pathways to a greater extent in patients with CH mutations and anemia. These molecular findings provide evidence of the clinical use of IL-1β blockade and support further study of canakinumab for patients with concurrent anemia and CH mutations. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01327846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghee Woo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Darlene Lu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Huilei Xu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Pablo Serrano
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paul M. Ridker
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Revaiah PC, Serruys PW, Yates DP, Onuma Y, Luis Zamorano J. Glagov revisited: coronary artery disease phenotype on non-invasive imaging provides rationale for implementing preventive pharmacotherapy-a case report. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2023; 7:ytad416. [PMID: 37662582 PMCID: PMC10473852 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytad416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Glagov et al. showed that no reduction in vessel lumen occurred until the atherosclerotic plaque burden exceeded 40% of the vessel area. Most major adverse cardiac events occurring in the first 4 years after a myocardial infarction arise from untreated angiographically mild, non-flow-limiting lesions at the time of the index event. We report how computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography (CCTA) can be used to non-invasively risk stratify a patient with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and guide further management. Case summary A 69-year-old non-smoking female with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and hypothyroidism presented with atypical chest pain. Electrocardiogram and left ventricular ejection fraction were normal. Her lipidic profile was normal. CCTA showed a lipid-rich plaque with very low attenuation (<30 HU) in the left main stem (LMS) extending into the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) and in the mid LAD artery. The maximum plaque burden in the LMS was 67% with a remodelling index of 1.375, and an area stenosis of 22%. Tissue characterization showed a lipid-rich plaque with a thin fibrous cap. The perivascular fat attenuation index (FAI) in the proximal LAD was suggestive of (-69 HU) inflamed perivascular fat. Shear stress analysis of the LMS plaque showed normal wall shear stress (WSS); however, the axial plaque stress was high. Her medications were intensified to rosuvastatin 20 mg once daily (OD) and ezetimibe 10 mg OD. The patient remained asymptomatic at 6 months follow-up. Discussion Our case exemplifies the value of CCTA as a diagnostic 'one-stop shop' (CCTA, finite element analysis, computed tomographic density [CTD], tissue characterization analysis, FAI analysis, WSS and wall strain, and etc.) when stratifying a patient with non-obstructive CAD. With further development of novel potent anti-lipidaemic and anti-inflammatory drugs, non-obstructive lesions with adverse plaque and haemodynamic parameters will have the opportunity to be treated with additional preventive pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pruthvi C Revaiah
- Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Denise P Yates
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Onuma
- Department of Cardiology, University of Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jose Luis Zamorano
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang L, Cunningham JW, Claggett BL, Jacob J, Mendelson MM, Serrano-Fernandez P, Kaiser S, Yates DP, Healey M, Chen CW, Turner GM, Patel-Murray NL, Zhao F, Beste MT, Laramie JM, Abraham WT, Jhund PS, Kober L, Packer M, Rouleau J, Zile MR, Prescott MF, Lefkowitz M, McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Chutkow W. Aptamer Proteomics for Biomarker Discovery in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circulation 2022; 146:1411-1414. [PMID: 36029463 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhang
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | | | - Brian L Claggett
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.W.C., B.L.C., S.D.S.)
| | - Jaison Jacob
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | - Michael M Mendelson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | | | - Sergio Kaiser
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (P.S.-F., S.K.)
| | - Denise P Yates
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | - Margaret Healey
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | - Gordon M Turner
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | - Natasha L Patel-Murray
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | - Faye Zhao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | - Michael T Beste
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | - Jason M Laramie
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
| | | | - Pardeep S Jhund
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.S.J., J.J.V.M.)
| | - Lars Kober
- Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (L.K.)
| | | | - Jean Rouleau
- Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Canada (J.R.)
| | - Michael R Zile
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (M.R.Z.)
| | | | | | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (P.S.J., J.J.V.M.)
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.W.C., B.L.C., S.D.S.)
| | - William Chutkow
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (L.Z., J.J., M.M.M., D.P.Y., M.H., C.-W.C., G.M.T., N.L.P.-M., F.Z., M.T.B., J.M.L., W.C.)
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5
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Xu H, Hon C, Kaiser S, Serrano-Fernandez P, Hartmann N, Yates DP, Healey M, Gusev AI, Laramie JM, Kennedy S, Marc P, Ridker PM, Obeidat M, Beste MT, Svensson EC, Madar A. Coronary Artery Disease Polygenic Risk Score Identifies Patients at Higher Risk for Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in the CANTOS Trial. Circ Genom Precis Med 2021; 14:e003440. [PMID: 34663088 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilei Xu
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Claudia Hon
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Sergio Kaiser
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (S. Kaiser, P.S.-F., N.H., P.M.)
| | - Pablo Serrano-Fernandez
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (S. Kaiser, P.S.-F., N.H., P.M.)
| | - Nicole Hartmann
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (S. Kaiser, P.S.-F., N.H., P.M.)
| | - Denise P Yates
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Margaret Healey
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Arkady I Gusev
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Jason M Laramie
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Scott Kennedy
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Philippe Marc
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland (S. Kaiser, P.S.-F., N.H., P.M.)
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (P.M.R.)
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Michael T Beste
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Eric C Svensson
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
| | - Aviv Madar
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA (H.X., C.H., D.P.Y., M.H., A.I.G., J.M.L., S. Kennedy, M.O., M.T.B., E.C.S., A.M.)
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6
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Rowe SM, Jones I, Dransfield MT, Haque N, Gleason S, Hayes KA, Kulmatycki K, Yates DP, Danahay H, Gosling M, Rowlands DJ, Grant SS. Efficacy and Safety of the CFTR Potentiator Icenticaftor (QBW251) in COPD: Results from a Phase 2 Randomized Trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:2399-2409. [PMID: 33116455 PMCID: PMC7547289 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s257474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Excess mucus plays a key role in COPD pathogenesis. Cigarette smoke-induced cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction may contribute to disease pathogenesis by depleting airway surface liquid and reducing mucociliary transport; these defects can be corrected in vitro by potentiating CFTR. Objective To assess the efficacy of the CFTR potentiator icenticaftor in improving airflow obstruction in COPD patients with symptoms of chronic bronchitis. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, COPD patients were randomized (2:1) to either icenticaftor 300 mg or placebo b.i.d. This non-confirmatory proof of concept study was powered for lung clearance index (LCI) and pre-bronchodilator FEV1, with an estimated sample size of 90 patients. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in LCI for icenticaftor versus placebo at Day 29; key secondary endpoints included change from baseline in pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV1 on Day 29. Key exploratory endpoints included change from baseline in sweat chloride, plasma fibrinogen levels, and sputum colonization. Results Ninety-two patients were randomized (icenticaftor, n=64; placebo, n=28). At Day 29, icenticaftor showed no improvement in change in LCI (treatment difference: 0.28 [19% probability of being better than placebo]), an improvement in pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (mean: 50 mL [84% probability]) and an improvement in post-bronchodilator FEV1 (mean: 63 mL [91% probability]) over placebo. Improvements in sweat chloride, fibrinogen and sputum bacterial colonization were also observed. Icenticaftor was safe and well tolerated. Conclusion The CFTR potentiator icenticaftor increased FEV1 versus placebo after 28 days and was associated with improvements in systemic inflammation and sputum bacterial colonization in COPD patients; no improvements in LCI with icenticaftor were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Rowe
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ieuan Jones
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nazmul Haque
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Gleason
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katy A Hayes
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Denise P Yates
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Martin Gosling
- Enterprise Therapeutics, Brighton, UK.,Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Sarah S Grant
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Robinson TE, Goris ML, Moss RB, Tian L, Kan P, Yilma M, McCoy KS, Newman B, de Jong PA, Long FR, Brody AS, Behrje R, Yates DP, Cornfield DN. Mucus plugging, air trapping, and bronchiectasis are important outcome measures in assessing progressive childhood cystic fibrosis lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55:929-938. [PMID: 31962004 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine which outcome measures could detect early progression of disease in school-age children with mild cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease over a two-year time interval utilizing chest computed tomography (CT) scores, quantitative CT air trapping (QAT), and spirometric measurements. METHODS Thirty-six school-age children with mild CF lung disease (median [interquartile range] age 12 [3.7] years; percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (ppFEV1 ) 99 [12.5]) were evaluated by serial spirometer-controlled chest CT scans and spirometry at baseline, 3-month, 1- and 2-years. RESULTS No significant changes were noted at 3-month for any variable except for decreased ppFEV1 . Mucus plugging score (MPS) and QATA1andA2 increased at 1- and 2-years. The bronchiectasis score (BS), and total score (TS) were increased at 2-year. All variables tested with the exception of bronchial wall thickness score, parenchymal score (PS), and ppFEV1 , were consistent with longitudinal worsening of lung disease. Multivariate analysis revealed baseline PS, baseline TS, and 1-year changes in BS and air trapping score were predictive of 2-year changes in BS. CONCLUSIONS MPS and QATA1-A2 were the most sensitive indicators of progressive childhood CF lung disease. The 1-year change in the bronchiectasis score had the most positive predictive power for 2-year change in bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry E Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Michael L Goris
- Division of Nuclear Medicine/Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Richard B Moss
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Peiyi Kan
- Department of Pediatrics Research and Statistical Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Mignote Yilma
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Karen S McCoy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Beverley Newman
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederick R Long
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Alan S Brody
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rhett Behrje
- Department of Global Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Denise P Yates
- Department of Biomarker Development, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David N Cornfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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8
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Corcoran D, Radjenovic A, Mordi IR, Nazir SA, Wilson SJ, Hinder M, Yates DP, Machineni S, Alcantara J, Prescott MF, Gugliotta B, Pang Y, Tzemos N, Semple SI, Newby DE, McCann GP, Squire I, Berry C. Vascular effects of serelaxin in patients with stable coronary artery disease: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:320-329. [PMID: 32065620 PMCID: PMC7797213 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The effects of serelaxin, a recombinant form of human relaxin-2 peptide, on vascular function in the coronary microvascular and systemic macrovascular circulation remain largely unknown. This mechanistic, clinical study assessed the effects of serelaxin on myocardial perfusion, aortic stiffness, and safety in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS In this multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study, 58 patients were randomized 1:1 to 48 h intravenous infusion of serelaxin (30 µg/kg/day) or matching placebo. The primary endpoints were change from baseline to 47 h post-initiation of the infusion in global myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) assessed using adenosine stress perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and applanation tonometry-derived augmentation index (AIx). Secondary endpoints were: change from baseline in AIx and pulse wave velocity, assessed at 47 h, Day 30, and Day 180; aortic distensibility at 47 h; pharmacokinetics and safety. Exploratory endpoints were the effect on cardiorenal biomarkers [N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT), endothelin-1, and cystatin C]. Of 58 patients, 51 were included in the primary analysis (serelaxin, n = 25; placebo, n = 26). After 2 and 6 h of serelaxin infusion, mean placebo-corrected blood pressure reductions of -9.6 mmHg (P = 0.01) and -13.5 mmHg (P = 0.0003) for systolic blood pressure and -5.2 mmHg (P = 0.02) and -8.4 mmHg (P = 0.001) for diastolic blood pressure occurred. There were no between-group differences from baseline to 47 h in global MPR (-0.24 vs. -0.13, P = 0.44) or AIx (3.49% vs. 0.04%, P = 0.21) with serelaxin compared with placebo. Endothelin-1 and cystatin C levels decreased from baseline in the serelaxin group, and there were no clinically relevant changes observed with serelaxin for NT-proBNP or hsTnT. Similar numbers of serious adverse events were observed in both groups (serelaxin, n = 5; placebo, n = 7) to 180-day follow-up. CONCLUSION In patients with stable CAD, 48 h intravenous serelaxin reduced blood pressure but did not alter myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Corcoran
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aleksandra Radjenovic
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ify R Mordi
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sheraz A Nazir
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Simon J Wilson
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Markus Hinder
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denise P Yates
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jose Alcantara
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Yinuo Pang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Niko Tzemos
- London Health Science Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott I Semple
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gerry P McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Iain Squire
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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9
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Russell KS, Yates DP, Kramer CM, Feller A, Mahling P, Colin L, Clough T, Wang T, LaPerna L, Patel A, Lawall H, Shennak MM, Fulmer J, Nikol S, Smith WB, Müller OJ, Ratchford EV, Basson CT. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of canakinumab in patients with peripheral artery disease. Vasc Med 2019; 24:414-421. [PMID: 31277561 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x19859072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extensive atherosclerotic plaque burden in the lower extremities often leads to symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) including impaired walking performance and claudication. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) may play an important pro-inflammatory role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Interruption of IL-1β signaling was hypothesized to decrease plaque progression in the leg macrovasculature and improve the mobility of patients with PAD with intermittent claudication. Thirty-eight patients (mean age 65 years; 71% male) with symptomatic PAD (confirmed by ankle-brachial index) were randomized 1:1 to receive canakinumab (150 mg subcutaneously) or placebo monthly for up to 12 months. The mean vessel wall area (by 3.0 T black-blood magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) was used to measure plaque volume. Mobility was assessed using the 6-minute walk test. Canakinumab was safe and well tolerated. Markers of systemic inflammation (interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) fell as early as 1 month after treatment. MRI (32 patients at 3 months; 21 patients at 12 months) showed no evidence of plaque progression in the SFA in either placebo-treated or canakinumab-treated patients. Although an exploratory endpoint, placebo-adjusted maximum and pain-free walking distance (58 m) improved as early as 3 months after treatment with canakinumab when compared with placebo. Although canakinumab did not alter plaque progression in the SFA, there is an early signal that it may improve maximum and pain-free walking distance in patients with symptomatic PAD. Larger studies aimed at this endpoint will be required to definitively demonstrate this. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01731990.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry S Russell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Denise P Yates
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Feller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ping Mahling
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laurence Colin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Clough
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tianke Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lucy LaPerna
- Remington-Davis Clinical Research, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alpa Patel
- Jacksonville Center for Clinical Research, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Holger Lawall
- Praxis für Herzkreislauferkrankungen, Max Grundig Klinik Bühlerhöhe, Bühl, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Oliver J Müller
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Craig T Basson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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10
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Stewart NJ, Chan H, Hughes PJ, Horn FC, Norquay G, Rao M, Yates DP, Ireland RH, Hatton MQ, Tahir BA, Ford P, Swift AJ, Lawson R, Marshall H, Collier GJ, Wild JM. Comparison of 3 He and 129 Xe MRI for evaluation of lung microstructure and ventilation at 1.5T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 48:632-642. [PMID: 29504181 PMCID: PMC6175321 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To support translational lung MRI research with hyperpolarized 129 Xe gas, comprehensive evaluation of derived quantitative lung function measures against established measures from 3 He MRI is required. Few comparative studies have been performed to date, only at 3T, and multisession repeatability of 129 Xe functional metrics have not been reported. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS To compare hyperpolarized 129 Xe and 3 He MRI-derived quantitative metrics of lung ventilation and microstructure, and their repeatability, at 1.5T. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Fourteen healthy nonsmokers (HN), five exsmokers (ES), five patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 16 patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T. NSCLC, COPD patients and selected HN subjects underwent 3D balanced steady-state free-precession lung ventilation MRI using both 3 He and 129 Xe. Selected HN, all ES, and COPD patients underwent 2D multislice spoiled gradient-echo diffusion-weighted lung MRI using both hyperpolarized gas nuclei. ASSESSMENT Ventilated volume percentages (VV%) and mean apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were derived from imaging. COPD patients performed the whole MR protocol in four separate scan sessions to assess repeatability. Same-day pulmonary function tests were performed. STATISTICAL TESTS Intermetric correlations: Spearman's coefficient. Intergroup/internuclei differences: analysis of variance / Wilcoxon's signed rank. Repeatability: coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. RESULTS A significant positive correlation between 3 He and 129 Xe VV% was observed (r = 0.860, P < 0.001). VV% was larger for 3 He than 129 Xe (P = 0.001); average bias, 8.79%. A strong correlation between mean 3 He and 129 Xe ADC was obtained (r = 0.922, P < 0.001). MR parameters exhibited good correlations with pulmonary function tests. In COPD patients, mean CV of 3 He and 129 Xe VV% was 4.08% and 13.01%, respectively, with ICC coefficients of 0.541 (P = 0.061) and 0.458 (P = 0.095). Mean 3 He and 129 Xe ADC values were highly repeatable (mean CV: 2.98%, 2.77%, respectively; ICC: 0.995, P < 0.001; 0.936, P < 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION: 129 Xe lung MRI provides near-equivalent information to 3 He for quantitative lung ventilation and microstructural MRI at 1.5T. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J. Stewart
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Ho‐Fung Chan
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Felix C. Horn
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Graham Norquay
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Madhwesha Rao
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Denise P. Yates
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rob H. Ireland
- Academic Unit of Clinical OncologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Matthew Q. Hatton
- Academic Unit of Clinical OncologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Bilal A. Tahir
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Academic Unit of Clinical OncologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Paul Ford
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Andrew J. Swift
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Rod Lawson
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustSheffieldUK
| | - Helen Marshall
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Jim M. Wild
- Academic Unit of RadiologyUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
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11
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Stewart NJ, Horn FC, Norquay G, Collier GJ, Yates DP, Lawson R, Marshall H, Wild JM. Reproducibility of quantitative indices of lung function and microstructure from 129 Xe chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:2107-2113. [PMID: 27366901 PMCID: PMC5484314 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the reproducibility of indices of lung microstructure and function derived from 129 Xe chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) spectroscopy in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to study the sensitivity of CSSR-derived parameters to pulse sequence design and lung inflation level. METHODS Preliminary data were collected from five volunteers on three occasions, using two implementations of the CSSR sequence. Separately, three volunteers each underwent CSSR at three different lung inflation levels. After analysis of these preliminary data, five COPD patients were scanned on three separate days, and nine age-matched volunteers were scanned three times on one day, to assess reproducibility. RESULTS CSSR-derived alveolar septal thickness (ST) and surface-area-to-volume (S/V) ratio values decreased with lung inflation level (P < 0.001; P = 0.057, respectively). Intra-subject standard deviations of ST were lower than the previously measured differences between volunteers and subjects with interstitial lung disease. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) values of ST were 3.9 ± 1.9% and 6.0 ± 4.5% in volunteers and COPD patients, respectively, similar to CV values for whole-lung carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. The mean CV of S/V in volunteers and patients was 14.1 ± 8.0% and 18.0 ± 19.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION 129 Xe CSSR presents a reproducible method for estimation of alveolar septal thickness. Magn Reson Med 77:2107-2113, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Felix C Horn
- POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Graham Norquay
- POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Guilhem J Collier
- POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Denise P Yates
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rod Lawson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helen Marshall
- POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jim M Wild
- POLARIS, Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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