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Wan AWL, Chung KKH, Li JB, Xu SS, Chan DKC. An assessment tool for the international healthy eating report card for preschool-aged children: a cross-cultural validation across Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1340007. [PMID: 38562489 PMCID: PMC10982429 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1340007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to develop and validate a globally applicable assessment tool of the 43-item International Healthy Eating Report Card Scale (IHERCS) which was designed to assess preschool-aged children's eating behaviours and family home food environments (FHFEs) across different cultural settings. In particular, we examined the factor structure, internal consistency and measurement invariance of the IHERCS across four cultural samples, including Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the US. Convergent and discriminant validity were then conducted. Methods In this cross-cultural study, a total of 2059 parent-child dyads from these four regions were recruited, and the parents were asked to complete the IHERCS. An exploratory structural equational modelling approach was employed to examine two higher-order factor models of children's eating behaviours and FHFEs in the IHERCS and its cross-cultural measurement invariance. Results The findings demonstrated robust factor structures of the scales of children's eating behaviours and FHFEs in the IHERCS (i.e., CFI and TLI > 0.90; RMSEA and SRMR < 0.08) and an acceptable level of internal consistency (i.e., Cronbach's α = 0.55-0.84). Full configural invariance and metric invariance were established across the four cultural contexts, but full scalar invariance was not achieved. Partial scalar invariance was found only in the scale of FHFEs. The convergent validity and discriminant validity were supported. Conclusion Overall, the current findings provided preliminary support for the construct validity and measurement invariance of the IHERCS. It provides a reliable, valid and comprehensive assessment of eating behaviours and FHFEs among children in different cultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Poon ETC, Kwan WL, Chow CC, Chan DKC. Music Timing Differentiates Fatigue Perception and Performance during Isometric Strength Exercises: A Crossover Randomised Trial. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:258-264. [PMID: 38455446 PMCID: PMC10915614 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Music is well-known to elicit ergogenic effects on exercise performance; however, the moderating role of application timing remains unclear. This study examined the effects of the timing of music on fatigue perception and performance during isometric strength exercises. Using a within-subject, randomised crossover design, twelve recreationally active young adults performed two isometric strength tasks (plank-hold and wall-sit) in three separate conditions (MEE: music played during the entire exercise task; MDF: music played during fatigue alone; CON: no music). The total time to volitional exhaustion (TTE), time to the onset of fatigue perception (TFP), heart rate, and blood lactate responses were assessed during each trial. MEE resulted in a significantly longer TTE than CON in both the plank-hold (p < 0.05, d = 0.76) and wall-sit exercises (p < 0.05, d = 0.72), whereas MDF led to a significantly longer TTE than CON in wall-sit exercises alone (p < 0.05, d = 0.60). TFP was significantly longer in MEE than in CON in both the plank-hold (p < 0.05, d = 0.54) and wall-sit exercises (p < 0.05, d = 0.64). The music condition did not influence the heart rate or blood lactate changes in any of the trials. Our results suggest that listening to music during the entire exercise can delay the onset of fatigue perception in isometric strength tasks, whereas listening to music during fatigue has only a modest effect. Athletes and exercisers should consider extending music exposure throughout the entire exercise task to maximise performance benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Lam Kwan
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Ching Chow
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Taipo, Hong Kong
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Zhang CQ, Zhang R, Chung PK, Duan Y, Lau JTF, Chan DKC, Hagger MS. Promoting influenza prevention for older adults using the Health Action Process Approach: A randomized controlled trial. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1427-1445. [PMID: 36951134 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Older adults are at greater risk of complications from seasonal influenza, and promoting uptake and adherence to preventive behaviors is key to attenuating this risk. The current study examined the efficacy of a theory-based telephone-delivered intervention to promote uptake and maintenance of influenza preventive behaviors in a sample of Hong Kong residents 65 years and older. The intervention adopted a three-group randomized controlled design (n = 312) with two intervention conditions, motivational and motivational + volitional, and a measurement-only control condition. The primary outcome variable was self-reported compliance with influenza preventive behaviors, including washing hands, avoiding touching eyes, nose, or mouth, and wearing face masks. Secondary outcomes were theory-based psychological variables. Influenza preventive behaviors in participants in the motivational + volitional intervention group were significantly improved 3 months post-intervention relative to those in the control condition. However, participants in the intervention group demonstrated no difference in behavior at 6 and 12 months post-intervention relative to the participants in the control group. Intervention effects were observed on the theory-based social support, action planning, and coping planning variables. Although short-term benefits of the intervention were observed, effects appeared to be short-lived and future research should investigate more intensive interventions that lead to greater behavioral maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pak-Kwong Chung
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph Tak Fai Lau
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin S Hagger
- Department of Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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Wu XY, Lau EYH, Li JB, Chan DKC. Children's Daily Living Routine Mediates the Relations Between Parent-Child Relationships and Child Adjustment Problems During School Suspension in Hong Kong. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01609-7. [PMID: 37728827 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01609-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Young children's adjustment problems were found to be prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic. Such adjustment problems may be dependent on children's relationships with their parents and children's daily living routine in the family during the pandemic-related school suspension period. This study examines how children's routine mediated the associations between parent-child relationships and child adjustment problems during the fifth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, when schools were suspended. The study collected data from 937 parents (87.8% mothers) of children aged 5-12 (M = 7.35 years, SD = 2.09; 50.5% girls). Parents reported on parent-child relationships, children's daily living routine, and child adjustment problems in an online survey. Our findings from structural equation modeling indicate that parent-child closeness was negatively related to child adjustment problems, whereas conflict was positively related to child adjustment problems. Children's routine mediated the associations between parent-child relationships (i.e., closeness and conflict) and child externalizing problems. However, children's routine did not mediate the associations between parent-child relationships (i.e., closeness and conflict) and child internalizing problems. The findings show that parents should be helped to establish routine, especially in difficult times when young children experience turbulence in their daily life, so as to reduce their adjustment problems, in particular of an externalizing nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Wu
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eva Yi Hung Lau
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Lau EYH, Li JB, Chan DKC. Beyond intention: Predicting children's COVID-19 vaccine uptake using the theory of planned behavior. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2260530. [PMID: 37746899 PMCID: PMC10619518 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2260530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This prospective study tested if parental factors from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) predicted children's uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine and examined whether parents' intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19 would mediate such associations. Participants were 852 Hong Kong parents of 1076 children aged 5-12. At Time 1, parents reported on items measuring the TPB predictors (i.e. attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) and intention. At Time 2 (approximately 4 months after Time 1), parents reported whether their children had received the COVID-19 vaccine. Attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and intention predicted children's actual uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine. Intention mediated the relations between two TPB predictors, namely attitudes and subjective norms, and children's COVID-19 vaccination uptake. The TPB is considered a useful framework in the development of future COVID-19 vaccine programs for children to promote parents' intention and the subsequent uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Hung Lau
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Chan DKC, Lee ASY, Tang TCW, Leung K, Chung JSK, Hagger MS, Hamilton K. Young children's motivations and social cognitions toward swimming: Testing direct and moderation effects of sport competence in two large-scale studies. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:859-873. [PMID: 37499112 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2241782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Direct and moderation effects of swimming competence using an integrated model of self-determination theory (SDT) and theory of planned behaviour (TPB) were examined in two large-scale studies among young children. Specifically, we examined whether swimming competence had direct and moderation effects on social psychological variables of perceived need support, autonomous motivation, TPB social cognition constructs, and intention. In Study 1, using a cross-sectional survey of 4959 primary school children, swimming competence formed significant positive relationships with all model variables (β =.061 to.330, p < .05) except intention (β = -.009, p > .05), and its moderation effect on model parameters were small in size or not statistically significant. In Study 2, using a pre-post-test quasi-experiment among 1,609 primary school children, improvement of swimming competence was associated with change-scores in all model variables (β =.046 to.230, p < .05) except subjective norm (β =.049, p > .05). Swimming competence did not significantly moderate the parameter estimates of the integrated model (p > .05) at the change-score level. Findings indicate that swimming competence is associated with higher autonomous motivation; TPB social cognitions of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control; and intention. However, swimming competence did not moderate the parameter estimates of the integrated model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derwin King Chung Chan
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alfred Sing Yeung Lee
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tracy Chor Wai Tang
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kiko Leung
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joan Sau Kwan Chung
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin S Hagger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskyla, Finland
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Griffith, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskyla, Finland
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Griffith, Australia
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Li JB, Lau EYH, Chan DKC. Moral obligation to follow anti-COVID-19 measures strengthens the mental health cost of pandemic burnout. J Affect Disord 2023; 328:341-344. [PMID: 36813045 PMCID: PMC9940470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been observed that people become gradually exhausted by receiving COVID-19-related information and adhering to the corresponding preventive measures as the pandemic unfolds. This phenomenon is known as pandemic burnout. Emerging evidence shows that pandemic burnout is related to poor mental health. This study extended the trendy topic by examining the idea that moral obligation, a crucial motivation driving people to follow the preventive measures, would amplify the mental health cost of pandemic burnout. METHODS Participants were 937 Hong Kong citizens (88 % females, 62.4 % aged 31-40 years). They participated in a cross-sectional online survey reporting on pandemic burnout, moral obligation, and mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress). RESULTS Findings of moderation model analyses showed that higher levels of pandemic burnout and moral obligation were related to more mental health problems. Importantly, the "pandemic burnout-mental health problems" links were moderated by moral obligation, with those who felt more morally obliged to follow the measures reporting poorer mental health than those who felt less morally obliged to do so. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study may constrain the evidence about the directions and causality of the relationships. Participants were only recruited from Hong Kong and females were over-represented, thus limiting the generalizability of the findings. CONCLUSIONS People who experience pandemic burnout while feeling more morally obliged to follow the anti-COVID-19 measures are at greater risk of mental health problems. They might need more mental health support from medical professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eva Yi Hung Lau
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chiu RMY, Zhang L, Teng J, Ip P, Lai AYK, Chan DKC. Motivation, Injury Prevention, and the Incidence of Sports Injuries: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Test of Self-Determination Theory. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 36912444 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
This study applied self-determination theory (SDT) as a psychological framework to examine whether psychological need support and autonomous motivation are predictive of sports injury preventive behaviours and the incidence of sports injuries. 2042 secondary school students (mean age = 14.33, male = 44.3%) from China completed a survey of the study variables (using established scales) at three time points (baseline, 1-month follow-up, 3-month follow-up). Structural equation modelling examined the core tenets of SDT by testing if the change-scores of the SDT variables (i.e., psychological need support from PE teachers, students' motivation, and students' behavioural adherence) between baseline and 1-month follow-up, were predictive of sports injury incidence assessed at 3-month follow-up. Our model demonstrated acceptable goodness-of-fit parameters (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.03, and SRMR = 0.05). The relationships between psychological need support, autonomous motivation, and behavioural adherence were both positive and significant. These SDT variables predicted the future incidence of sports injuries following the motivational pathways of SDT. Our study provides evidence of the predictive power of SDT variables on sports injury preventive behaviours and the incidence of sports injuries: Students who perceive their PE teachers as psychological need supportive possess higher autonomous motivation and behavioural adherence towards sports injury prevention, and are also less likely to encounter sports injuries in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Teng
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick Ip
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Lau EYH, Li JB, Chan DKC. Children infected vs. uninfected with COVID-19: Differences in parent reports of the use of mobile phones to calm children, routines, parent-child relationship, and developmental outcomes. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1114597. [PMID: 37124810 PMCID: PMC10133475 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1114597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Children were suggested to be at lower risk of developing the severe form of the COVID-19. However, children infected with COVID-19 may be more likely to experience biopsychosocial stressors associated with the pandemic and display poorer developmental outcomes. The current study is among the first to compare children infected and uninfected with COVID-19 on outcomes related to parents' use of mobile phones to calm children, routines, parent-child relationship, externalizing and internalizing problems, prosocial behavior, gratitude, and happiness. A total of 1,187 parents (88.6% mothers) of children aged 5 to 12 completed an online survey between April 2022 and May 2022 when schools were suspended during the 5th wave of resurgence in Hong Kong. Our findings showed no substantial differences in various psychological, social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes between infected and uninfected children. Our findings can be used to educate parents to reduce their fear and anxieties associated with their children's COVID-19 infection. Our findings also suggested that support during the pandemic should be provided to children and families regardless of whether children have been infected with COVID-19.
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Lau EYH, Li JB, King Chung Chan D. Letter to the editor: Backdrop context of the study "Intention to vaccinate young children against COVID-19: a large-scale survey of Hong Kong parents". Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2090179. [PMID: 35820044 PMCID: PMC9621028 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2090179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current letter provides the backdrop context of the study “Intention to vaccinate young children against COVID-19: a large-scale survey of Hong Kong parents” conducted when the COVID-19 vaccination was first made available to young children in Hong Kong during the fifth wave of the outbreak. The study was conducted to examine parents’ intention for informing the development of an effective child COVID-19 vaccine program because parents were speculated to have low intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Hung Lau
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines (Sinovac and Pfizer/BioNTech) have recently been approved for Hong Kong children. Understanding parental intentions to vaccinate children against COVID-19 is important to the development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine campaign. From a large-scale, geographically representative dataset in Hong Kong (N = 11,141), we examined parents' intentions to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 under three conditions: (1) no policy restrictions, (2) vaccination rate considered for school resumption, and (3) more choices of vaccine. Results showed that levels of vaccine hesitancy in Hong Kong parents are high. Hong Kong parents' intention to vaccinate their children was highest when there were more vaccines to choose from, followed by when vaccination rate was considered to resume school, and when there was no policy restrictions. Finally, Hong Kong parents with higher education backgrounds and family income were less willing to vaccinate their children. Together, these findings indicate that effective vaccines campaign should consider the characteristics and preferences of parents who have little intention to vaccinate within a specific social context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Hung Lau
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Li JB, Lau EYH, Chan DKC. Why Do Hong Kong Parents Have Low Intention to Vaccinate Their Children against COVID-19? Testing Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behavior in a Large-Scale Survey. Vaccine 2022; 40:2772-2780. [PMID: 35339306 PMCID: PMC8934736 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines have been authorized for use in children in some societies. Parents’ intention to vaccinate their children is context-specific. Drawing upon health belief model (HBM) and theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study contributed to a timely topic by examining the extent to which parents intended to vaccinate their children and its associated factors in Hong Kong, where the government announced children as young as five could take COVID-19 vaccines starting from 21 January 2022. A large-scale, online survey was conducted among 11,141 Hong Kong parents (86% mothers) of children aged 5–12 (N = 14,468, 49.5% girls). They reported on measures that assessed HBM constructs (i.e., perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action), TPB constructs (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), and their intention to vaccinate each of their children. Results of descriptive statistics showed that Hong Kong parents’ intention to vaccinate their children was very low (1.55 out of 5.00). Multilevel regression showed that after controlling for parents’ and children’s demographic variables (e.g., sex and age), parents’ intention to vaccinate their children was higher if parents had higher levels of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, positive attitudes, and subjective norms and if they had lower levels of perceived barriers. Positive attitudes were the strongest correlate of parents’ intention. These findings have important implications for public health by informing which factors authorities should address in order to boost Hong Kong parents’ intention to vaccinate their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Li
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Eva Yi Hung Lau
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
This study examined the swimming competence of primary school children, and how it was related to swimming activity, non-fatal aquatic events, and demographic factors. Primary school students (N = 4959; female = 2705, male = 2241; age range = 5 to 14 years) across 28 schools in the 15 districts of Hong Kong completed the Swimming Competence Questionnaire, and questions about their swimming experience, non-fatal aquatic events, and demographic variables. Descriptive statistics showed that over 60% of children could swim more than 5m, but less than 50% could swim over 25m. Over 50% of children were able to perform some basic swimming skills (e.g., holding breath underwater, floating, poolside/kickboard kicking, and treading water). Swimming competence was positively predicted by the demographic factors (i.e., age, sex, family income, and parents' highest education level), swimming experience, learning experience, and swimming location. Treading water was the only factor of swimming competence that established asignificant negative association with non-fatal aquatic events. Current results can be used to target key groups to improve children's swimming competence and reduce non-fatal aquatic events; children from lower socio-economic backgrounds and with less swimming experience should be encouraged to participate in more formal learn to swim lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derwin King Chung Chan
- Faculty of Education and Human Development, The Education University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China.,School of Psychology, Curtin University , Perth, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kyra Hamilton
- School of Psychology, Curtin University , Perth, Australia.,School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University , Queensland, Australia
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Yusainy C, Chan DKC, Hikmiah Z, Anggono CO. Physical activity in Indonesian University students: the contradictory roles of dispositional mindfulness and self-control. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018; 24:446-455. [PMID: 30428697 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1546015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is now identified as one of the major risk factors for global mortality, including in Indonesia. Past research in Western settings have demonstrated the efficacy of self-determined or autonomous forms of motivation in predicting health-related behaviours, and that association between these variables could possibly be moderated by individual differences in mindfulness. In terms of mindfulness, individuals from different cultures may vary in their familiarity and acceptance of mindfulness in daily life. Moreover, the ways though which individuals exhibit qualities of mindfulness are often intertwined with their capacity for self-control. In this correlational study utilizing cloud-based online survey, samples of Indonesian undergraduates (N = 411, mean age = 20.202, SD = 1.406) completed self-report measures of trait mindfulness, trait self-control, autonomous motivation, and physical activity. Bootstrap multiple regression analysis indicated that association between autonomous motivation and physical activity is strengthened by trait self-control (p = .017), but conversely, weakened by trait mindfulness (p = .024). Cultural perspective may help explain the dynamics of mindfulness, self-control, autonomous motivation, and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleoputri Yusainy
- a Psychology Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences , Universitas Brawijaya , Malang , Indonesia
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- b School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.,c School of Psychology , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | - Ziadatul Hikmiah
- a Psychology Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences , Universitas Brawijaya , Malang , Indonesia
| | - Calvin Octavianus Anggono
- a Psychology Department, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences , Universitas Brawijaya , Malang , Indonesia
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Zhang CQ, Zhang R, Chung PK, Duan Y, Lau JTF, Chan DKC, Hagger MS. Promoting influenza prevention for elderly people in Hong Kong using health action process approach: study protocol. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1230. [PMID: 30400790 PMCID: PMC6219178 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People 65 years or older are at greater risk of serious complications from the seasonal influenza compared with young. To promote elderly people’s behavioral compliance toward influenza prevention, the aim of the current project is to develop, implement, and evaluate a theory-based low-administration-cost intervention building on a leading psychological theory, the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). Methods The target group is Hong Kong Chinese elderly people aged 65 or older who rarely or never adopt any preventive actions. This project will be conducted in three phases over 24 months. In phase 1, intervention program will be developed building on the HAPA theoretical framework which comprises both the initiation and maintenance of influenza prevention behaviors. In phase 2, intervention will be implemented and evaluated using a randomized controlled trial, including: (a) behavior initiation only, (b) behavior initiation + behavior maintenance, and (c) control group. Both the initiation and maintenance components will comprise weekly-delivered telephone-based individual intervention sessions in 3 months. In phase 3, outcome evaluation of behavioral and psychological variables and process evaluation will be conducted. The effectiveness of the intervention will be analyzed using a series of linear mixed models on each behavioral and psychological outcome variable. Structural equation modelling will be used to test the hypothesized theoretical sequence in the HAPA model. Discussion The proposed project is expected to design theory-based intervention materials to promote the influenza prevention behaviors in Hong Kong elderly people and provide information on its effectiveness and the potential changing mechanism of behavior initiation and maintenance. Trial registration This randomized controlled trial was funded by the Health and Medical Research Fund (HMRF), Food and Health Bureau of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Ref: 16151222) and was registered on 13/10/2017 at CCRB Clinical Trials Registry of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, a Partner Registry of a WHO Primary Registry (Ref: CUHK_CCRB00567).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Zhang
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-Kwong Chung
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Department of Sport and Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph Tak Fai Lau
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Martin S Hagger
- Health Psychology and Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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16
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Li C, Sun FH, Zhang L, Chan DKC. Predicting Athletes' Pre-Exercise Fluid Intake: A Theoretical Integration Approach. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050646. [PMID: 29883372 PMCID: PMC5986525 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-exercise fluid intake is an important healthy behavior for maintaining athletes’ sports performances and health. However, athletes’ behavioral adherence to fluid intake and its underlying psychological mechanisms have not been investigated. This prospective study aimed to use a health psychology model that integrates the self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior for understanding pre-exercise fluid intake among athletes. Participants (n = 179) were athletes from college sport teams who completed surveys at two time points. Baseline (Time 1) assessment comprised psychological variables of the integrated model (i.e., autonomous and controlled motivation, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention) and fluid intake (i.e., behavior) was measured prospectively at one month (Time 2). Path analysis showed that the positive association between autonomous motivation and intention was mediated by subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Controlled motivation positively predicted the subjective norm. Intentions positively predicted pre-exercise fluid intake behavior. Overall, the pattern of results was generally consistent with the integrated model, and it was suggested that athletes’ pre-exercise fluid intake behaviors were associated with the motivational and social cognitive factors of the model. The research findings could be informative for coaches and sport scientists to promote athletes’ pre-exercise fluid intake behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Li
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Feng-Hua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Liancheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Competitive Sport Psychological and Physiological Regulation, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Derwin King Chung Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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17
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Chan DKC, Webb D, Ryan RM, Tang TCW, Yang SX, Ntoumanis N, Hagger MS. Preventing occupational injury among police officers: does motivation matter? Occup Med (Lond) 2018. [PMID: 28637219 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqx076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injury prevention is an important issue for police officers, but the effectiveness of prevention initiatives is dependent on officers' motivation toward, and adherence to, recommended health and safety guidelines. Aims To understand effects of police officers' motivation to prevent occupational injury on beliefs about safety and adherence to injury prevention behaviours. Methods Full-time police officers completed a survey comprising validated psychometric scales to assess autonomous, controlled and amotivated forms of motivation (Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire), behavioural adherence (Self-reported Treatment Adherence Scale) and beliefs (Safety Attitude Questionnaire) with respect to injury prevention behaviours. Results There were 207 participants; response rate was 87%. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that autonomous motivation was positively related to behavioural adherence, commitment to safety and prioritizing injury prevention. Controlled motivation was a positive predictor of safety communication barriers. Amotivation was positively associated with fatalism regarding injury prevention, safety violation and worry. Conclusions These findings are consistent with the tenets of self-determination theory in that autonomous motivation was a positive predictor of adaptive safety beliefs and adherence to injury prevention behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K C Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA6845, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - D Webb
- Bussiness School, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - R M Ryan
- Institute of Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield NSW 2135, Australia
| | - T C W Tang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S X Yang
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA6845, Australia.,Bussiness School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - N Ntoumanis
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA6845, Australia
| | - M S Hagger
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA6845, Australia.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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18
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Chan DKC, Lee ASY, Hagger MS, Mok KM, Yung PSH. Social psychological aspects of ACL injury prevention and rehabilitation: An integrated model for behavioral adherence. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2017; 10:17-20. [PMID: 29392112 PMCID: PMC5780279 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing rehabilitation for ACL injury is dependent on uptake of, and compliance with, medical and safety recommendations. In this paper, we propose a multi-theory model that integrates self-determination theory and the theory of planned behavior to identify the motivational determinants ACL injury prevention and management behaviors and the processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derwin King Chung Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Alfred Sing Yeung Lee
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kam-Ming Mok
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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19
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Chan DKC, Tang TCW, Yung PSH, Gucciardi DF, Hagger MS. Is unintentional doping real, or just an excuse? Br J Sports Med 2017; 53:978-979. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Chan DKC, Keatley DA, Tang TCW, Dimmock JA, Hagger MS. Implicit versus explicit attitude to doping: Which better predicts athletes' vigilance towards unintentional doping? J Sci Med Sport 2017. [PMID: 28622975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This preliminary study examined whether implicit doping attitude, explicit doping attitude, or both, predicted athletes' vigilance towards unintentional doping. DESIGN A cross-sectional correlational design. METHODS Australian athletes (N=143;Mage=18.13, SD=4.63) completed measures of implicit doping attitude (brief single-category implicit association test), explicit doping attitude (Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale), avoidance of unintentional doping (Self-Reported Treatment Adherence Scale), and behavioural vigilance task of unintentional doping (reading the ingredients of an unfamiliar food product). RESULTS Positive implicit doping attitude and explicit doping attitude were negatively related to athletes' likelihood of reading the ingredients table of an unfamiliar food product, and positively related to athletes' vigilance towards unintentional doping. Neither attitude measures predicted avoidance of unintentional doping. Overall, the magnitude of associations by implicit doping attitude appeared to be stronger than that of explicit doping attitude. CONCLUSIONS Athletes with positive implicit and explicit doping attitudes were less likely to read the ingredients table of an unknown food product, but were more likely to be aware of the possible presence of banned substances in a certain food product. Implicit doping attitude appeared to explain athletes' behavioural response to the avoidance of unintentional doping beyond variance explained by explicit doping attitude.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martin S Hagger
- Curtin University, Australia; University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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21
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Ntoumanis N, Barkoukis V, Gucciardi DF, Chan DKC. Linking Coach Interpersonal Style With Athlete Doping Intentions and Doping Use: A Prospective Study. J Sport Exerc Psychol 2017; 39:188-198. [PMID: 28891379 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2016-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We brought together various lines of work on motivation, morality, and doping by testing a theory-based model prospectively linking contextual and personal motivational variables, moral attitudes, moral disengagement in doping, doping intentions, and doping use. Participants were 257 Greek athletes who completed a questionnaire pack at the beginning of a sport season. In the case of doping use, we also obtained data close to the end of the same season. The model showed that perceptions of controlling coach behaviors predicted athlete need frustration, which in turn predicted low moral functioning and doping intentions/doping use. The findings highlight pathways (direct and indirect) by which the social environment may impact on athletes' intentions and decisions to engage in doping and could pave the way for future antidoping interventions aimed at improving coaching interpersonal style.
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22
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Chan DKC, Ntoumanis N, Gucciardi DF, Donovan RJ, Dimmock JA, Hardcastle SJ, Hagger MS. What if it really was an accident? The psychology of unintentional doping. Br J Sports Med 2015; 50:898-9. [PMID: 26392593 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-094678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derwin King Chung Chan
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - James A Dimmock
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Chan DKC, Yang SX, Hamamura T, Sultan S, Xing S, Chatzisarantis NLD, Hagger MS. In-lecture learning motivation predicts students’ motivation, intention, and behaviour for after-lecture learning: Examining the trans-contextual model across universities from UK, China, and Pakistan. Motiv Emot 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-015-9506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Yang SX, Jowett S, Chan DKC. Effects of big-five personality traits on the quality of relationship and satisfaction in Chinese coach-athlete dyads. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:568-80. [PMID: 25367655 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the influence of personality traits on the quality of the Chinese coach-athlete relationship and satisfaction through a dyadic research design. A total of 350 coach-athlete dyads completed a self-report instrument that assessed personality traits, as well as perceptions of relationship quality and satisfaction with training. Results revealed that: (a) actor effects (i.e., actor's personality will predict his or her own perceptions of relationship quality) of personality traits, namely, conscientiousness, extroversion, and neuroticism, on both coaches' and athletes' perceptions of relationship quality and (b) partner effects (an actor's own personality will predict his or her partner's perceptions of relationship quality) of only athletes' personality, namely, conscientiousness, extroversion, and neuroticism, on their coaches' perceptions of relationship quality. The findings suggested that each relationship member's personality trait contributed independently to relationship quality, and both actor and partner effects of the relationship quality on satisfaction with training were found to be significant. In Chinese sports culture, there presents a unique dynamics of personality and relationship quality among coach-athlete dyad.
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Affiliation(s)
- S X Yang
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Jowett
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - D K C Chan
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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25
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Chan DKC, Dimmock JA, Donovan RJ, Hardcastle S, Lentillon-Kaestner V, Hagger MS. Self-determined motivation in sport predicts anti-doping motivation and intention: a perspective from the trans-contextual model. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 18:315-22. [PMID: 24793786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Motivation in sport has been frequently identified as a key factor of young athletes' intention of doping in sport, but there has not been any attempt in scrutinizing the motivational mechanism involved. The present study applied the trans-contextual model of motivation to explain the relationship between motivation in a sport context and motivation and the social-cognitive factors (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention) from the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in an anti-doping context. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey was conducted. METHODS Questionnaire data was collected from 410 elite and sub-elite young athletes in Australia (Mean age [17.7±3.9 yr], 55.4% male, Years in sport [9.1±3.2]). We measured the key model variables of study in relation to sport motivation (Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire), and the motivation (adapted version of the Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire) and social cognitive patterns (the theory of planned behavior questionnaire) of doping avoidance. The data was analyzed by variance-based structural equation modeling with bootstrapping of 999 replications. RESULTS The goodness-of-fit of the hypothesized model was acceptable. The bootstrapped parameter estimates revealed that autonomous motivation and amotivation in sport were positively associated with the corresponding types of motivation for the avoidance of doping. Autonomous motivation, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in doping avoidance fully mediated the relationship between autonomous motivation in sport and intention for doping avoidance. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the tenets of the trans-contextual model, and explain how motivation in sport is related to athletes' motivation and intention with respect to anti-doping behaviors.
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Abstract
The present study investigated the transcontextual process of motivation in sport injury prevention. We examined whether general causality orientation, perceived autonomy support from coaches (PAS), self-determined motivation (SD-Mtv), and basic need satisfaction in a sport context predicted SD-Mtv, beliefs, and adherence with respect to sport injury prevention. Elite athletes (N = 533) completed self-report measures of the predictors (Week 1) and the dependent variables (Week 2). Variance-based structural equation modeling supported hypotheses: SD-Mtv in a sport context was significantly predicted by PAS and basic need satisfaction and was positively associated with SD-Mtv for sport injury prevention when controlling for general causality orientation. SD-Mtv for sport injury prevention was a significant predictor of adherence to injury-preventive behaviors and beliefs regarding safety in sport. In conclusion, the transcontextual mechanism of motivation may explain the process by which distal motivational factors in sport direct the formation of proximal motivation, beliefs, and behaviors of sport injury prevention.
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Abstract
Distal replantation is an excellent model to study the results of nerve repair. We aim to demonstrate differences in aesthetic, sensory, and functional outcomes in fingertip replantation, with and without nerve repair. We recruited 28 fingers in 28 patients, who had successful distal replantation in 5 years. Half of the fingers had nerves repaired. Mean follow-up was 39 months. Symptoms of pain, numbness, cold intolerance, scar hypersensitivity, pulp atrophy, and weakness were reported. Nail width, pulp length, 2-point discrimination, Semmes-Weinstein test, and power were evaluated. We used chi-square tests of independence to examine association between nerve repair and symptoms, and independent T tests and Mann-Whitney U tests to analyze difference between replantation with and without nerve repair according to objective results. Chi-square tests reviewed no significant association between nerve repair and symptoms. Mann-Whitney U tests showed no significant difference between the groups, with and without nerve repair. All fingers showed mean 2-point discrimination of 5.6 mm, and Semmes-Weinstein test results of green in 3 fingers and blue in 17. There was no significant difference in overall outcomes in repairing nerve or not in distal finger replantation. Both groups had satisfactory outcomes. Possibly, spontaneous neurotization is present, and nerve repair is not necessary, which may help to shorten the operation time and decrease extensiveness of surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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