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Moon YJ, Ahn TY, Suh SW, Park KB, Chang SY, Yoon DK, Kim MS, Kim H, Jeon YD, Yang JH. A Preliminary Diagnostic Model for Forward Head Posture among Adolescents Using Forward Neck Tilt Angle and Radiographic Sagittal Alignment Parameters. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:394. [PMID: 38396433 PMCID: PMC10887830 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous attempts to correct forward head posture (FHP), definitive evidence-based screening and diagnostic methods remain elusive. This study proposes a preliminary diagnostic methodology for FHP, utilizing a noninvasive body angle measurement system as a screening test for FHP and incorporating radiological parameters for sagittal alignment. We enrolled 145 adolescents for FHP screening. The forward neck tilt angle (FNTA), defined as the angle between the vertical line and the line connecting the participant's acromion and tragus, was measured using the POM-Checker (a noninvasive depth sensor-based body angle measurement system). A whole-spine standing lateral radiograph was obtained, and eight sagittal alignment parameters were measured. Statistical analyses of the association between the FNTA and eight sagittal alignment parameters were conducted. We used 70% of the participant data to establish a preliminary diagnostic model for FHP based on FNTA and each sagittal alignment parameter. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using the remaining 30% of the participant data. All radiological parameters of sagittal alignment showed weak statistical significance with respect to FNTA (best case: r = 0.16, p = 0.0500; cranial tilt). The proposed preliminary diagnostic model for FHP demonstrated 95.35% agreement. Notably, the model using FNTA without radiological parameters accurately identified (100%) participants who required radiographic scanning for FHP diagnosis. Owing to the weak statistical significance of the association between radiological parameters and external body angle, both factors must be considered for accurate FHP diagnosis. When a clear and severe angle variation is observed in an external body angle check, medical professionals should perform radiographic scanning for an accurate FHP diagnosis. In conclusion, FNTA assessment of FNTA through the proposed preliminary diagnostic model is a significant screening factor for selecting participants who must undergo radiographic scanning so that a diagnosis of FHP can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Moon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biochemistry, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae Young Ahn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bio-Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Woo Suh
- Department of Orthopaedics, Scoliosis Research Institute, College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kun-Bo Park
- Division of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Severance Children’s Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sam Yeol Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (M.-S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.D.J.)
- Department of Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University of Korea, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Sub Kim
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (M.-S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.D.J.)
| | - Hyeonjoo Kim
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (M.-S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.D.J.)
| | - Yong Dae Jeon
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (D.-K.Y.); (M.-S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.D.J.)
| | - Jae Hyuk Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Scoliosis Research Institute, College of Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Jeon YD, Kang MJ, Kuh SU, Cha HY, Kim MS, You JY, Kim HJ, Shin SH, Chung YG, Yoon DK. Deep Learning Model Based on You Only Look Once Algorithm for Detection and Visualization of Fracture Areas in Three-Dimensional Skeletal Images. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 38201320 PMCID: PMC10802847 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing "You only look once" (YOLO) v4 AI offers valuable support in fracture detection and diagnostic decision-making. The purpose of this study was to help doctors to detect and diagnose fractures more accurately and intuitively, with fewer errors. The data accepted into the backbone are diversified through CSPDarkNet-53. Feature maps are extracted using Spatial Pyramid Pooling and a Path Aggregation Network in the neck part. The head part aggregates and generates the final output. All bounding boxes by the YOLO v4 are mapped onto the 3D reconstructed bone images after being resized to match the same region as shown in the 2D CT images. The YOLO v4-based AI model was evaluated through precision-recall (PR) curves and the intersection over union (IoU). Our proposed system facilitated an intuitive display of the fractured area through a distinctive red mask overlaid on the 3D reconstructed bone images. The high average precision values (>0.60) were reported as 0.71 and 0.81 from the PR curves of the tibia and elbow, respectively. The IoU values were calculated as 0.6327 (tibia) and 0.6638 (elbow). When utilized by orthopedic surgeons in real clinical scenarios, this AI-powered 3D diagnosis support system could enable a quick and accurate trauma diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dae Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jun Kang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University of Korea, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Uk Kuh
- Department of Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University of Korea, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ha-Yeong Cha
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Moo-Sub Kim
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ju-Yeon You
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyeon-Joo Kim
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Seung-Han Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.S.); (Y.-G.C.)
| | - Yang-Guk Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.S.); (Y.-G.C.)
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co., Ltd., Seoul 06675, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (J.-Y.Y.); (H.-J.K.)
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Jo WL, Chung YG, Shin SH, Lim JH, Kim MS, Yoon DK. Author Correction: Structural analysis of customized 3D printed plate for pelvic bone by comparison with conventional plate based on bending process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22352. [PMID: 38102177 PMCID: PMC10724137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Lam Jo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Guk Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Han Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Sub Kim
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., 06693, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., 06693, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim H, Jeon YD, Park KB, Cha H, Kim MS, You J, Lee SW, Shin SH, Chung YG, Kang SB, Jang WS, Yoon DK. Automatic segmentation of inconstant fractured fragments for tibia/fibula from CT images using deep learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20431. [PMID: 37993627 PMCID: PMC10665312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopaedic surgeons need to correctly identify bone fragments using 2D/3D CT images before trauma surgery. Advances in deep learning technology provide good insights into trauma surgery over manual diagnosis. This study demonstrates the application of the DeepLab v3+ -based deep learning model for the automatic segmentation of fragments of the fractured tibia and fibula from CT images and the results of the evaluation of the performance of the automatic segmentation. The deep learning model, which was trained using over 11 million images, showed good performance with a global accuracy of 98.92%, a weighted intersection over the union of 0.9841, and a mean boundary F1 score of 0.8921. Moreover, deep learning performed 5-8 times faster than the experts' recognition performed manually, which is comparatively inefficient, with almost the same significance. This study will play an important role in preoperative surgical planning for trauma surgery with convenience and speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjoo Kim
- Department of Medical Device Engineering and Management, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Dae Jeon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bong Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeong Cha
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Sub Kim
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon You
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Won Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital,, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Han Shin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Guk Chung
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bin Kang
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seuk Jang
- Department of Medical Device Engineering and Management, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jo WL, Chung YG, Shin SH, Lim JH, Kim MS, Yoon DK. Structural analysis of customized 3D printed plate for pelvic bone by comparison with conventional plate based on bending process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10542. [PMID: 37386116 PMCID: PMC10310805 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic bone fracture is highly complex, and its anatomical reduction is difficult. Therefore, patient-specific customized plates have been developed using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and are being increasingly used. In this study, the reduction status in five representative pelvic fracture models was compared between two groups: the 3D printing plate (3DP) group using a patient-specific 3D printed plate after virtual reduction and the conventional plate (CP) group using a conventional plate by manual bending. The 3DP and CP groups included 10 and 5 cases, respectively. The fractured models were reduced virtually and their non-locking metal plates were customized using 3D printing. The process of contouring the conventional plates to fit the contact surface of the bone with the bending tool was conducted by an experienced pelvic bone trauma surgeon. The reduction and fixation achieved using the two different plate groups was compared, and the significance of differences in the results was analyzed using paired t-tests, after verifying the normality of data distribution. The vertex distances between the surface of the bone and the contact surface of the plate were significantly lower in the 3DP group than in the CP group (0.407 ± 0.342 and 2.195 ± 1.643, respectively, P = 0.008). Length and angular variations, which are measurements of the reduction state, were also lower in the 3DP group than in the CP group (length variation: 3.211 ± 2.497 and 5.493 ± 3.609, respectively, P = 0.051; angular variation: 2.958 ± 1.977 and 4.352 ± 1.947, respectively, P = 0.037). The customized 3D printed plate in the virtual reduction model provided a highly accurate reduction of pelvic bone fractures, suggesting that the customized 3D printed plate may help ensure easy and accurate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Lam Jo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Korea
| | - Yang-Guk Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Korea.
| | - Seung-Han Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Korea
| | - Moo-Sub Kim
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., 06693, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Industrial R&D Center, KAVILAB Co. Ltd., 06693, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi MG, Law M, Djeng SK, Kim MS, Shin HB, Choe BY, Yoon DK, Suh TS. Daily adaptive proton therapy: Feasibility study of detection of tumor variations based on tomographic imaging of prompt gamma emission from proton–boron fusion reaction. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Law M, Ng DH, Yoon DK, Djeng SK. Performing angiographic intervention with a femoral entry shield: Element analysis microscopy and hand dose reduction for interventional radiologist. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Choi MG, Law M, Yoon DK, Tamura M, Matsumoto K, Otsuka M, Kim MS, Djeng SK, Monzen H, Suh TS. Simplified sigmoidal curve fitting for a 6 MV FFF photon beam of the Halcyon to determine the field size for beam commissioning and quality assurance. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:273. [PMID: 33287828 PMCID: PMC7720380 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An O-ring gantry-type linear accelerator (LINAC) with a 6-MV flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam, Halcyon, includes a reference beam that contains representative information such as the percent depth dose, profile and output factor for commissioning and quality assurance. However, because it does not provide information about the field size, we proposed a method to determine all field sizes according to all depths for radiation therapy using simplified sigmoidal curve fitting (SCF). Methods After mathematical definition of the SCF using four coefficients, the defined curves were fitted to both the reference data (RD) and the measured data (MD). For good agreement between the fitting curve and the profiles in each data set, the field sizes were determined by identifying the maximum point along the third derivative of the fitting curve. The curve fitting included the field sizes for beam profiles of 2 × 2, 4 × 4, 6 × 6, 8 × 8, 10 × 10, 20 × 20 and 28 × 28 cm2 as a function of depth (at 1.3, 5, 10 and 20 cm). The field size results from the RD were compared with the results from the MD using the same condition. Results All fitting curves show goodness of fit, R2, values that are greater than 0.99. The differences in field size between the RD and the MD were within the range of 0 to 0.2 cm. The smallest difference in the field sizes at a depth of 10 cm, which is a surface-to-axis distance, was reported. Conclusion Application of the SCF method has been proven to accurately capture the field size of the preconfigured RD and the measured FFF photon beam data for the Halcyon system. The current work can be useful for beam commissioning as a countercheck methodology to determine the field size from RD in the treatment planning system of a newly installed Halcyon system and for routine quality assurance to ascertain the correctness of field sizes for clinical use of the Halcyon system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Geon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Law
- Proton Therapy Pte Ltd., 1 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138622, Singapore
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikoto Tamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama-Shi, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama-Shi, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama-Shi, 377-2, Ono-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama-Shi, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masakazu Otsuka
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama-Shi, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama-Shi, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Moo-Sub Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Shih-Kien Djeng
- Proton Therapy Pte Ltd., 1 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138622, Singapore
| | - Hajime Monzen
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama-Shi, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama-Shi, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Yang HJ, Yoon DK, Suh TS. Sensing changes in tumor during boron neutron capture therapy using PET with a collimator: Simulation study. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim MS, Shin HB, Choi MG, Monzen H, Shim JG, Suh TS, Yoon DK. Reference based simulation study of detector comparison for BNCT-SPECT imaging. Nuclear Engineering and Technology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shin JB, Yoon DK, Pak S, Kwon YH, Suh TS. Comparative performance analysis for abdominal phantom ROI detectability according to CT reconstruction algorithm: ADMIRE. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2019; 21:136-143. [PMID: 31729832 PMCID: PMC6964754 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We compared and analyzed the detectability performance pertaining to an abdominal phantom including a region of interest (ROI) according to a computed tomography (CT) reconstruction algorithm. Methods Three types of reconstruction algorithms (FBP, SAFIRE, and ADMIRE) were used to evaluate the detectability performance using the abdominal phantom (phantom size: 25 × 18 × 28 cm3). The vendor default settings for routine multi‐detector computed tomography abdominal scans were used. As the quantitative evaluation method, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), difference in coefficient of variation (COV) with the normalization based on the FBP data, and the noise power spectrum (NPS) were measured. Results The characteristic of the ADMIRE‐3 reconstructed image was higher than those of the FBP and SAFIRE‐3 reconstructed images. The CNR values of the SAFIRE and ADMIRE images were much higher than the corresponding values of the FBP images. The difference in COV values for the ADMIRE images was ~1.2 times lower than the corresponding values of the SAFIRE images. Conclusion The comparative analysis of the abdominal phantom low‐contrast resolution differences for each CT exposure parameters showed that ADMIRE demonstrated better results than SAFIRE and FBP in terms of contrast, CNR, COV difference, and 1D NPS. This indicates that ADMIRE can provide a clearer observation even with the same number of contrast objects as compared to SAFIRE and FBP owing to its better contrast resolution in the central part of the contrast hole at low kV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Bong Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Hong JW, Hong J, Kwon EE, Yoon DK. Temporal dynamics of urban heat island correlated with the socio-economic development over the past half-century in Seoul, Korea. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:112934. [PMID: 31376601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Urban heat island (UHI), an iconic consequence of anthropogenic activities and climate condition, affects air pollution, energy use, and health. Therefore, better understanding of the temporal dynamics of UHI is required for sustainable urban planning to mitigate air pollution under a changing climate. Here, we present the evolution of UHI intensity (UHIi) and its controlling factors in the Seoul metropolitan area, Korea, over the last 56 years (1962-2017), which has experienced unique compressed economic growth and urban transformation under monsoon climate. The analysis demonstrated an inverted U-shape long-term variation of UHIi with the progress of urban transformation and economic climate which has not been reported in Asian cities before. Meanwhile, short-term variations in UHIi are related to both diurnal temperature range and duration after rainfall event unlike previous studies, and the UHIi was exacerbated by heat waves. Our findings suggest that the UHIi will exhibit different temporal dynamics with future changes in the monsoon climate, and heat waves in the urban area will be reinforced if current rapid urbanization continues without a shift toward sustainable and equitable development. Asian cities that are likely to face the similar urbanization trajectory and the implications are that urban (re)development strategy considers changes in rainfall magnitude and timing due to monsoon system variation under changing climate and plans to mitigate synergy between heat wave and UHI in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Woo Hong
- Ecosystem-Atmosphere Process Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinkyu Hong
- Ecosystem-Atmosphere Process Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D K Yoon
- Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Monzen H, Tamura M, Kijima K, Otsuka M, Matsumoto K, Wakabayashi K, Choi MG, Yoon DK, Doi H, Akiyama H, Nishimura Y. Estimation of radiation shielding ability in electron therapy and brachytherapy with real time variable shape tungsten rubber. Phys Med 2019; 66:29-35. [PMID: 31550531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.09.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the physical characteristics of a newly developed real time variable shape rubber containing tungsten (STR) with changes in heat and estimate its shielding abilities against electron beams and γ-rays from 192Ir. METHODS Dynamic mechanical analysis for the STR (density = 7.3 g/cm3) was conducted at a frequency of 1.0 Hz in the temperature range of -60 °C to 60 °C. We evaluated tanδ, defined as the ratio (E″/E') between the storage modulus (E') and loss modulus (E″). The transmission rates were measured against 6- and 12-MeV electron beams and the percentage depth dose and lateral dose profile were compared with low-melting alloy (LMA). For the shielding rate of 192Ir against γ-rays, measurement data and Monte Carlo simulation data were obtained with STR thickness ranging from 1.0 mm to 16.0 mm. RESULTS At 36 °C, the tanδ value was 0.520, while at 60 °C, this value was 1.016. For 6- and 12-MeV electron beams, the transmission rates decreased with increasing STR thickness and reached plateaus at approximately 1.0% and 4.0% with STR thickness of >7.0 and >12.0 mm, respectively. The dose distributions were almost equal to those for LMA. Against γ-rays, the thickness of STR that obtained a 50% attenuation rate for 192Ir was 5.804 mm. The Monte Carlo calculation results were 2.6% higher on average than the measurement results. CONCLUSION The STR can be changed shape in real time at 60 °C and maintains its shape at body temperatures. It has adequate shielding abilities against megavoltage electron beams and γ-rays from 192Ir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Monzen
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Mikoto Tamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kenta Kijima
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masakazu Otsuka
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; Department of Central Radiology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; Department of Central Radiology, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuki Wakabayashi
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Min-Geon Choi
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, South Korea
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hironori Akiyama
- Department of Oral Radiology, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17 Otemae Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan
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Choi D, Kasdan DO, Yoon DK. Analyzing Disaster Loss Trends: A Comparison of Normalization Methodologies in South Korea. Risk Anal 2019; 39:859-870. [PMID: 30286528 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concern for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction is driving the need for more accurate and sophisticated tools of analysis to protect populations. Standards of analysis that can normalize measurements under various contexts are particularly valuable in the global arena of disaster management. One concern that may benefit from normalizing is the analysis of disaster loss trends. Previous studies have used a combination of inflation, wealth, and societal factors in their normalization of disaster loss methodologies. This study examines the various normalization methods in previous research and applies a selection of eight formulae to 50 years of disaster data in South Korea. The results show both decreasing and increasing trends in disaster damage losses based on the methods, but there are curious biases under the results that may be artifacts of Korea's unique experiences in economic development. The conclusion discusses how the case of Korea may help to clarify the optimal normalization methodology for other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Choi
- Department of Business Administration, Korea Army Academy, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - David Oliver Kasdan
- Department of Public Administration, Graduate School of Governance, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D K Yoon
- Department of Urban Planning and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Tamura M, Monzen H, Matsumoto K, Kubo K, Otsuka M, Inada M, Doi H, Ishikawa K, Nakamatsu K, Sumida I, Mizuno H, Yoon DK, Nishimura Y. Mechanical performance of a commercial knowledge-based VMAT planning for prostate cancer. Radiat Oncol 2018; 13:163. [PMID: 30170614 PMCID: PMC6119260 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-018-1114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study clarified the mechanical performance of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for prostate cancer generated with a commercial knowledge-based treatment planning (KBP) and whether KBP system could be applied clinically without any major problems with mechanical performance. Methods Thirty consecutive prostate cancer patients who underwent VMAT using extant clinical plans were evaluated. The mechanical performance and dosimetric accuracy of the single optimized KBPs, which were trained with other 51 clinical plans, were compared with the clinical plans. The mechanical performance metrics were mean field area (MFA), mean asymmetry distance (MAD), cross-axis score (CAS), closed leaf score (CLS), small aperture score (SAS), leaf travel (LT), modulation complexity score (MCSv), and monitor unit (MU). The γ passing rates were evaluated with ArcCheck and EBT3 film. Results The mean mechanical performance metrics (clinical plan vs. KBP) were as follows: 18.28 cm2 vs. 17.25 cm2 (MFA), 21.08 mm vs. 20.47 mm (MAD), 0.54 vs. 0.55 (CAS), 0.040 vs. 0.051 (CLS), 0.20 vs. 0.23 (SAS5mm), 458.5 mm vs. 418.8 mm (LT), 0.27 vs. 0.27 (MCSv), and 618.2 vs. 622.1 (MU), respectively. Significant differences were observed for CLS and LT. The average γ passing rates (clinical plan vs. KBP) were as follows: 99.0% vs. 99.1% (3%/3 mm) and 92.4% vs. 92.5% (2%/2 mm) with ArcCHeck, and 99.5% vs. 99.4% (3%/3 mm) and 95.2% vs. 95.4% (2%/2 mm) with EBT3 film, respectively. Conclusions The KBP used lower multileaf collimator (MLC) travel and more closed or small MLC apertures than the clinical plan. The KBP system of VMAT for the prostate cancer was acceptable for clinical use without any major problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikoto Tamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hajime Monzen
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kubo
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masakazu Otsuka
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Doi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ishikawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Nakamatsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Iori Sumida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0071, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Mizuno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0071, Japan
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 505, Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, Korea
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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16
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Jung JY, Yoon DK, Barraclough B, Lee HC, Suh TS, Lu B. Comparison between proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT): a monte carlo study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39774-39781. [PMID: 28427153 PMCID: PMC5503652 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare between proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and to analyze dose escalation using a Monte Carlo simulation. We simulated a proton beam passing through the water with a boron uptake region (BUR) in MCNPX. To estimate the interaction between neutrons/protons and borons by the alpha particle, the simulation yielded with a variation of the center of the BUR location and proton energies. The variation and influence about the alpha particle were observed from the percent depth dose (PDD) and cross-plane dose profile of both the neutron and proton beams. The peak value of the maximum dose level when the boron particle was accurately labeled at the region was 192.4% among the energies. In all, we confirmed that prompt gamma rays of 478 keV and 719 keV were generated by the nuclear reactions in PBFT and BNCT, respectively. We validated the dramatic effectiveness of the alpha particle, especially in PBFT. The utility of PBFT was verified using the simulation and it has a potential for application in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Brendan Barraclough
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, J. Crayton Pruitt Family, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heui Chang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, J. Crayton Pruitt Family, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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17
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Shin HB, Kim MS, Kim S, Kim KB, Jung JY, Yoon DK, Suh TS. Quantitative analysis of prompt gamma ray imaging during proton boron fusion therapy according to boron concentration. Oncotarget 2018; 9:3089-3096. [PMID: 29423031 PMCID: PMC5790448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prompt gamma ray imaging technique according to the clinical boron concentration range during proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT). To acquire a prompt gamma ray image from 32 projections, we simulated four head single photon emission computed tomography and a proton beam nozzle using a Monte Carlo simulation. We used modified ordered subset expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm with a graphic processing unit for fast image acquisition. Boron concentration was set as 20 to 100 μg at intervals of 20 μg. For quantitative analysis of the prompt gamma ray image, we acquired an image profile drawn through two boron uptake regions (BURs) and calculated the contrast value, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and difference between the physical target volume and volume of the prompt gamma ray image. The relative counts of prompt gamma rays were noticeably increased with increasing boron concentration. Although the intensities on the image profiles showed a similar tendency according to the boron concentration, the SNR and contrast value were improved with increasing boron concentration. This study suggests that a tumor monitoring technique using prompt gamma ray detection can be clinically applicable even if the boron concentration is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Back Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Sub Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Bom Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shin DS, Kang SH, Kim DS, Kim TH, Kim KH, Koo HJ, Cho MS, Ha JS, Yoon DK, Suh TS. Development of an Advanced Deformable Phantom to Analyze Dose Differences due to Respiratory Motion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.14316/pmp.2017.28.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Seok Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Ha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Noh YY, Kim TH, Kang SH, Kim DS, Cho MS, Kim KH, Shin DS, Yoon DK, Kim S, Suh TS. Development of a room laser based real-time alignment monitoring system using an array of photodiodes. Phys Med 2016; 32:1284-1291. [PMID: 27378392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a real-time alignment monitoring system (RAMS) to compensate for the limitations of the conventional room-laser-based alignment system. To verify the feasibility of the RAMS, reproducibility and accuracy tests were conducted. METHODS RAMS was composed of a room laser sensing array (RLSA), an electric circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a control PC. The RLSA was designed to arrange photodiodes in a pattern that results in the RAMS having a resolution of 1mm. The photodiodes were used for quantitative assessment of the alignment condition. To verify the usability of the developed system, we conducted tests of temporal reproducibility, repeatability, and accuracy. RESULTS The results of the temporal reproducibility test suggested that the signal of the RAMS was stable with respect to time. Further, the repeatability test resulted in a maximum coefficient of variance of 1.14%, suggesting that the signal of the RAMS was stable over repeated set-ups. The accuracy test confirmed that the "on" and "off" signals could be distinguished by signal intensity, considering that the "off" signal was below 75% of the "on" signal in every case. In addition, we confirmed that the system can detect 1mm of movement by monitoring the pattern of the "on" and "off" signals. CONCLUSION We developed a room laser based alignment monitoring system. The feasibility test verified that the system is capable of quantitative alignment monitoring in real time. We expect that the RAMS can propose the potential of the room laser based alignment monitoring method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yun Noh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyong Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA, USA
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Shin HB, Yoon DK, Jung JY, Kim MS, Suh TS. Prompt gamma ray imaging for verification of proton boron fusion therapy: A Monte Carlo study. Phys Med 2016; 32:1271-1275. [PMID: 27229367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to verify acquisition feasibility of a single photon emission computed tomography image using prompt gamma rays for proton boron fusion therapy (PBFT) and to confirm an enhanced therapeutic effect of PBFT by comparison with conventional proton therapy without use of boron. METHODS Monte Carlo simulation was performed to acquire reconstructed image during PBFT. We acquired percentage depth dose (PDD) of the proton beams in a water phantom, energy spectrum of the prompt gamma rays, and tomographic images, including the boron uptake region (BUR; target). The prompt gamma ray image was reconstructed using maximum likelihood expectation maximisation (MLEM) with 64 projection raw data. To verify the reconstructed image, both an image profile and contrast analysis according to the iteration number were conducted. In addition, the physical distance between two BURs in the region of interest of each BUR was measured. RESULTS The PDD of the proton beam from the water phantom including the BURs shows more efficient than that of conventional proton therapy on tumour region. A 719keV prompt gamma ray peak was clearly observed in the prompt gamma ray energy spectrum. The prompt gamma ray image was reconstructed successfully using 64 projections. Different image profiles including two BURs were acquired from the reconstructed image according to the iteration number. CONCLUSION We confirmed successful acquisition of a prompt gamma ray image during PBFT. In addition, the quantitative image analysis results showed relatively good performance for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Back Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, South Korea
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, South Korea
| | - Joo-Young Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, South Korea
| | - Moo-Sub Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, South Korea
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, South Korea.
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Jung JY, Lu B, Yoon DK, Hong KJ, Jang H, Liu C, Suh TS. Therapy region monitoring based on PET using 478 keV single prompt gamma ray during BNCT: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Phys Med 2016; 32:562-7. [PMID: 26970679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We confirmed the feasibility of using our proposed system to extract two different kinds of functional images from a positron emission tomography (PET) module by using an insertable collimator during boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Coincidence events from a tumor region that included boron particles were identified by a PET scanner before BNCT; subsequently, the prompt gamma ray events from the same tumor region were collected after exposure to an external neutron beam through an insertable collimator on the PET detector. Five tumor regions that contained boron particles and were located in the water phantom and in the BNCT system with the PET module were simulated with Monte Carlo simulation code. The acquired images were quantitatively analyzed. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in the five boron regions, A, B, C, D, and E, the PET and single-photon images were 10.2%, 11.7%, 8.2% (center region), 12.6%, and 10.5%, respectively. We were able to acquire simultaneously PET and single prompt photon images for tumor regions monitoring by using an insertable collimator without any additional isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0385, United States
| | - Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, Republic of Korea
| | - Key Jo Hong
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - HongSeok Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chihray Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0385, United States
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505, Republic of Korea.
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Lee S, Kim H, Shin TJ, Tsai E, Richardson JM, Korblova E, Walba DM, Clark NA, Lee SB, Yoon DK. Physico-chemical confinement of helical nanofilaments. Soft Matter 2015; 11:3653-3659. [PMID: 25812081 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Helical nanofilaments (HNFs) have attracted much interest because of their unique optical properties, but there have been many hurdles to overcome in using them for the practical applications due to their structural complexity. Here we demonstrate that the molecular configuration and layer conformation of a modulated HNF (HNFs(mod)) can be studied using a physicochemical confinement system. The layer directions affected by the chemical affinity between the mesogen and surface were drastically controlled in surface-modified nanochannels. Furthermore, an in situ experiment using grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) was carried out to investigate in detail the structural evolution through thermal transitions. The results demonstrate that the HNF(mod) structure can be perfectly controlled for functional HNF device applications, and a combined system with chemical and physical confinement effects will be helpful to better understand the fundamentals of soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology and KINC, KAIST, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research is to perform the fast reconstruction of a prompt gamma ray image using a graphics processing unit (GPU) computation from boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) simulations. METHODS To evaluate the accuracy of the reconstructed image, a phantom including four boron uptake regions (BURs) was used in the simulation. After the Monte Carlo simulation of the BNCT, the modified ordered subset expectation maximization reconstruction algorithm using the GPU computation was used to reconstruct the images with fewer projections. The computation times for image reconstruction were compared between the GPU and the central processing unit (CPU). Also, the accuracy of the reconstructed image was evaluated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS The image reconstruction time using the GPU was 196 times faster than the conventional reconstruction time using the CPU. For the four BURs, the area under curve values from the ROC curve were 0.6726 (A-region), 0.6890 (B-region), 0.7384 (C-region), and 0.8009 (D-region). CONCLUSIONS The tomographic image using the prompt gamma ray event from the BNCT simulation was acquired using the GPU computation in order to perform a fast reconstruction during treatment. The authors verified the feasibility of the prompt gamma ray image reconstruction using the GPU computation for BNCT simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Kun Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505 137-701, Korea
| | - Joo-Young Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505 137-701, Korea
| | - Key Jo Hong
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Keum Sil Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, California 94305-5847
| | - Tae Suk Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 505 137-701, Korea
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Yoon DK, Jung JY, Han SM, Suh TS. Statistical analysis for discrimination of prompt gamma ray peak induced by high energy neutron: Monte Carlo simulation study. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Cho DY, Bae JH, Moon DG, Cheon J, Lee JG, Kim JJ, Yoon DK, Park HS. The effects of intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with gemcitabine and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in superficial bladder cancer: a preliminary study. J Int Med Res 2010; 37:1823-30. [PMID: 20146880 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This prospective study investigated the long-term effects of intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with gemcitabine (GEM) and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG; n = 36) versus BCG alone (n = 51) for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. For the chemoimmunotherapy (GEM + BCG) group, GEM (1000 mg) was instilled immediately after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and again (2000 mg) 1 week later. From 2 to 7 weeks after TURBT, BCG was instilled into the bladder of all patients once weekly. The recurrence-free period of the GEM + BCG group (24.13 months) was significantly longer than that of the BCG monotherapy group (19.81 months). The overall recurrence rate was similar between the groups, although at 6 and 9 months post-TURBT, GEM + BCG produced a significantly lower rate of recurrence compared with BCG alone. This study suggests that intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with GEM + BCG is effective in reducing early tumour recurrence and in prolonging the recurrence-free period of superficial bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y Cho
- Department of Urology, Korea University Medical College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Park HS, Kim SM, Lee JS, Lee J, Han JH, Yoon DK, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome in Korea: Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 1998-2001. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007; 9:50-8. [PMID: 17199718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2005.00569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major international health problem. Limited information is available about the prevalence of MetS in Asia, especially in Korea. OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence and trends of MetS in a Korean population. In addition, we investigated the risk factors associated with MetS. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 7445 participants aged >/=20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHNS) 1998 and 5964 participants from the KNHNS 2001 were included in this analysis. The KNHNS is a cross-sectional health survey of a nationally representative sample of the Korean population. The prevalence of MetS was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria and the Asia-Pacific criteria for obesity based on waist circumference (APC-WC). RESULTS Using the ATP III criteria, the age-adjusted prevalence of MetS among Korean adults was 15.7% (13.7% male, 17.8% female) in 1998 and 14.4% (13.0% male, 16.2% female) in 2001. Using the APC-WC criteria, the prevalence was 21.6% (19.4% male, 23.9% female) in 1998 and 21.4% (20.1% male, 23.4% female) in 2001. Of the five MetS components, increasing trends were found between 1998 and 2001 in the prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and central obesity for both men and women. Age, sex, body mass index and a family history of diabetes were associated with MetS. CONCLUSIONS These results from a representative sample show that MetS is common in Korean adults. A systemic public health programme is required to prevent future increases in diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Park
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SM, Lee JS, Lee J, Na JK, Han JH, Yoon DK, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Korea: Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:226-31. [PMID: 16443864 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-0481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and their association with risk factors in the Korean population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey 2001 was a nationally representative survey with a stratified multistage sampling design. Data from a comprehensive questionnaire, a physical examination, and blood tests were obtained from 5,844 Korean adults (2,513 men and 3,331 women) aged >20 years. RESULTS The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes in this Korean population was 7.6%, and the age-adjusted prevalences of previously diagnosed diabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes were 4.4 and 3.3%, respectively (fasting plasma glucose > or = 7.0 mmol/l). Overall, these results indicate that 8.1% or 1.4 million Korean men and 7.5% or 1.3 million Korean women have diabetes. The age-adjusted prevalence of IFG was 23.9%, using the new American Diabetes Association criteria (fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/l). Diabetes prevalence increased with age and peaked in the oldest age-group; however, IFG prevalence did not show the same trend. Diabetes was found to be associated with age, BMI, blood pressure, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, education levels, alcohol consumption, exercise, and a family history of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that diabetes and IFG are common in Korea, and about one-half of diabetes cases remain undiagnosed. These results emphasize the need to develop an urgent public program to improve the detection, prevention, and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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28
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Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid renal neoplasm. Clear cell (conventional) carcinoma is the most common pathologic subtype of RCC. Usually RCC is a hypervascular, solid, solitary mass with contour bulging. However, RCC can manifest different features according to the pathologic tumor subtypes. Preoperative diagnosis of cyst-associated RCC is very difficult, especially in cases of RCC originating in a cyst. Multiple or bilateral presentation of RCC occurs in fewer than 5% of cases. In addition, RCCs may demonstrate unusual findings such as infiltrative growth mimicking transitional cell carcinoma, fatty component mimicking angiomyolipoma, severe perinephric infiltration, and extensive calcifications mimicking inflammation or other tumor. RCCs can be associated with hereditary diseases such as von Hippel-Lindau disease. Familiarity with these radiologic features of unusual RCCs can help ensure correct diagnosis and proper management.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, 97 Gurodong-Gil, Guro-Ku, Seoul 152-703, Korea
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29
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Abstract
We employ kinetic theory for a binary mixture to study segregation by size and/or mass in a gravitational field. Simple segregation criteria are obtained for spheres and disks that are supported by numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Jenkins
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Kang TC, Hwang IK, Park SK, An SJ, Yoon DK, Moon SM, Lee YB, Sohn HS, Cho SS, Won MH. Chronological changes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and excitatory amino acid carrier 1 immunoreactivities in CA1 area and subiculum after transient forebrain ischemia. J Neurocytol 2001; 30:945-55. [PMID: 12626876 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021832004954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated changes of immunoreactivities of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR) and of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC-1), the neuronal glutamate transporter, in the vulnerable CA1 area and the less vulnerable subiculum of the gerbil hippocampus at various times following transient forebrain ischemia. At 30 min after ischemia-reperfusion, the intensity of NR immunoreactivity increased markedly in neurons of CA1 and subiculum, particularly NR2A/B, while EAAC-1 immunoreactivity was reduced in CA1. At 3 hr after reperfusion, the density of NR1 immunoreactivity markedly decreased in CA1. In contrast EAAC-1 immunoreactivity increased in CA1 and in the subiculum. At 12 hr after reperfusion, the decrease of NR1 immunoreactivity was not detected whereas EAAC-1 immunoreactivities in the CA1 area were intensified. In the subiculum, both NR subunits immunoreactivities decreased significantly, in contrast to the maintenance of EAAC-1 immunoreactivity. At 24 hr after reperfusion, both NR2A/B and EAAC-1 immunoreactivities decreased markedly in CA1 and subiculum. We tentatively suggest that the increase of NR immunoreactivity in CA1 at early times after ischemia-reperfusion may increase the delayed neuronal death, and that the increase or maintenance of EAAC-1 immunoreactivity at early times after ischemia-reperfusion may be an important factor in survival of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do, 200-702, South Korea
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Choi JB, Yoon ES, Yoon DK, Kim DS, Kim JJ, Cho JH. Failure of carbon dioxide laser treatment in three patients with penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease. BJU Int 2001; 88:297-8. [PMID: 11488749 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02326.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J B Choi
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Cheon J, Kim HK, Moon DG, Yoon DK, Cho JH, Koh SK. Adenovirus-mediated suicide-gene therapy using the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in cell and animal models of human prostate cancer: changes in tumour cell proliferative activity. BJU Int 2000; 85:759-66. [PMID: 10759680 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the feasibility and efficacy of suicide-gene therapy using adenovirus (Ad)-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) and the prodrug acyclovir, and to evaluate changes in the biological phenotype for tumour cell proliferative activity after suicide-gene therapy in animal models of human prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a replication-defective adenoviral vector (cytomegalovirus, CMV) containing the beta-galactosidase gene (Ad-CMV-beta-gal) as a control and Ad-CMV-TK as the therapeutic vector under the transcriptional control of the CMV promoter, transduction efficiency was assessed in vitro by infecting LNCaP and PC-3 androgen-dependent and independent human prostate cancer cells with Ad-CMV-beta-gal, and using X-gal staining. The TK activity in prostate cancer cells infected with Ad-CMV-TK was determined by measuring TK-mediated [3H]-gancyclovir phosphorylation. The sensitivity of LNCaP and PC-3 cells to Ad-CMV-TK in vitro was determined after infection with the therapeutic vector with or without acyclovir. The inhibition of PC-3 tumour growth in vivo induced by the Ad-CMV-TK/acyclovir suicide-gene system was assessed in separate and controlled experiments using human prostate cancer mouse models. Ki-67 proliferative antigen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), both useful proliferative indices, were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining (MIB-1 monoclonal antibody and monoclonal anti-PCNA antibody) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from gene therapy-treated and control animals. RESULTS The mean TK activity was significantly higher in LNCaP and PC-3 cells infected with Ad-CMV-TK than in cells infected with Ad-CMV-beta-gal, used as a control (P < 0.05). The growth of human prostate cancer cells with Ad-CMV-TK was significantly inhibited by adding acyclovir in vitro (P < 0.05). In the in vivo experiments using the PC-3 human prostate cancer mouse model, tumour volume and growth was lower in mice treated with Ad-CMV-TK/acyclovir than in those treated with Ad-CMV-TK only, acyclovir only or untreated (controls) (P < 0.05). Histochemical staining of tumour tissues showed that Ad-CMV-TK/acyclovir destroyed PC-3 tumours through tumour cell death and apoptosis, with local lymphatic infiltration. The mean PCNA labelling index in prostate cancer cells of mice treated with Ad-CMV-TK/acyclovir was significantly lower than that in untreated controls (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U-test). The Ki-67 labelling index in prostate cancer cells of mice treated with Ad-CMV-TK/acyclovir was also lower than that in untreated controls (P < 0.05, Student's t-test). Adenovirus-mediated suicide-gene therapy using the HSV-TK gene decreased the proliferative activity of PC-3 human prostatic cancer cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Adenovirus-mediated suicide-gene therapy using an HSV-TK/acyclovir system provided effective therapy in an experimental human prostate cancer mouse model, by significantly inhibiting tumour growth and decreasing the proliferative activity of human prostate cancer cells. Such therapy could be developed as a novel method for treating patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cheon
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Korea University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Moon DG, Cheon J, Kim JJ, Yoon DK, Koh SK. Prostate-specific antigen adjusted for the transition zone volume versus free-to-total prostate-specific antigen ratio in predicting prostate cancer. Int J Urol 1999; 6:455-62. [PMID: 10510891 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We performed this study to assess the efficacy of prostate-specific antigen adjusted for the transition zone volume (PSATZ) and free-to-total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ratio (F/T ratio) in predicting prostate cancer in men with intermediate PSA levels of 4.1-10.0 ng/mL. METHODS Between March 1997 and September 1998, PSATZ was obtained from 67 patients who underwent ultrasonography guided systemic sextant biopsies and had a PSA of 4.1-10.0 ng/mL. PSATZ was compared with F/T ratio via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS Of 67 patients, 22 (32.8%) had prostate cancer and 45 (67.2%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on pathologic examination. Mean PSA, PSA density, F/T ratio and PSATZ were 7.96+/-2.01ng/mL, 0.28+/-0.14 ng/mL/cc, 0.10+/-0.06 and 0.70+/-0.28 ng/mL/cc in patients with prostate cancer and 6.39+/-1.68 ng/mL, 0.16+/-0.06 ng/mL/cc, 0.15+/-0.05 and 0.29+/-0.10 ng/mL/cc in patients with BPH, respectively. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that PSATZ predicted the biopsy outcome significantly better than F/T ratio in all 67 patients (P<0.01) and in a subset of 53 men with normal digital rectal examination (P<0.01). With a cut-off value of 0.35 ng/mL/cc, PSATZ had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 89% for predicting prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PSATZ and F/T ratio may be useful in diagnosing prostate cancer with intermediate levels of PSA. Prostate-specific antigen adjusted for the transition zone volume is more accurate than F/T ratio in distinguishing benign prostatic disease from prostate cancer. But large prospective studies are required to assess the precise role of PSATZ and F/T ratio in early prostate cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Moon
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Kwak
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Cheon J, Kim HK, Kim JJ, Yoon DK, Koh SK, Kim IS. Malignant inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder: the histopathological aspect of malignant potential of inverted papilloma. J Korean Med Sci 1995; 10:103-10. [PMID: 7576290 PMCID: PMC3054137 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.1995.10.2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the histopathological characteristics of inverted papillomas of the urinary bladder, including the possibility of malignant transformation, we studied the indicators of cellular proliferation activity in 7 inverted papillomas of the bladder including two cases of malignant inverted papilloma of the bladder. PCNA expression rates in two cases of malignant inverted papilloma were higher than in benign inverted papillomas. Mean numbers of AgNORs per nucleus in malignant inverted papillomas were much more than in benign inverted papillomas. The c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was expressed only in malignant inverted papillomas. These results suggest that PCNA expression rate, mean number of AgNORs per nucleus and c-erB-2 oncoprotein expression may be merited as good indicators to detect the inverted papilloma with more proliferative and aggressive lesions, and with the potential of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cheon
- Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Abstract
We herein describe 2 cases of emphysematous pyelonephritis, which can be added to the 42 cases previously reported. Both female patients were diabetic and had Escherichia coli infections. Both had ureteral obstruction and underwent nephrectomy to survive septic and/or azotemic crises. Timely surgical intervention after unsuccessful antibiotics and conventional medical measurements is life-saving.
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