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Plaisancié J, Martinovic J, Chesneau B, Whalen S, Rodriguez D, Audebert-Bellanger S, Marzin P, Grotto S, Perthus I, Holt RJ, Bax DA, Ragge N, Chassaing N. Clinical, genetic and biochemical signatures of RBP4-related ocular malformations. J Med Genet 2023; 61:84-92. [PMID: 37586836 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The retinoic acid (RA) pathway plays a crucial role in both eye morphogenesis and the visual cycle. Individuals with monoallelic and biallelic pathogenic variants in retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), encoding a serum retinol-specific transporter, display variable ocular phenotypes. Although few families have been reported worldwide, recessive inherited variants appear to be associated with retinal degeneration, while individuals with dominantly inherited variants manifest ocular development anomalies, mainly microphthalmia, anophthalmia and coloboma (MAC). METHODS We report here seven new families (13 patients) with isolated and syndromic MAC harbouring heterozygous RBP4 variants, of whom we performed biochemical analyses. RESULTS For the first time, malformations that overlap the clinical spectrum of vitamin A deficiency are reported, providing a link with other RA disorders. Our data support two distinct phenotypes, depending on the nature and mode of inheritance of the variants: dominantly inherited, almost exclusively missense, associated with ocular malformations, in contrast to recessive, mainly truncating, associated with retinal degeneration. Moreover, we also confirm the skewed inheritance and impact of maternal RBP4 genotypes on phenotypical expression in dominant forms, suggesting that maternal RBP4 genetic status and content of diet during pregnancy may modify MAC occurrence and severity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that retinol-binding protein blood dosage in patients could provide a biological signature crucial for classifying RBP4 variants. Finally, we propose a novel hypothesis to explain the mechanisms underlying the observed genotype-phenotype correlations in RBP4 mutational spectrum. CONCLUSION Dominant missense variants in RBP4 are associated with MAC of incomplete penetrance with maternal inheritance through a likely dominant-negative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Plaisancié
- Laboratoire National de Référence (LBMR), Génétique des anomalies malformatives de l'œil, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Unité ToNIC Inserm 1214, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Département de Génétique, Unité de Fœtopathologie, Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Chesneau
- Laboratoire National de Référence (LBMR), Génétique des anomalies malformatives de l'œil, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra Whalen
- Genetique Medicale, Hopital Armand-Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Département de Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ile-de-France Ouest, Paris, France
| | | | - Pauline Marzin
- Fédération de Génétique et Médecine Génomique, Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies Rares, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospitals, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Grotto
- Maternité Port-Royal, FHU PREMA, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Perthus
- Centre d'Etude des Malformations Congénitales en Auvergne, Génétique Médicale, CHU Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard James Holt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Dorine A Bax
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Ragge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Laboratoire National de Référence (LBMR), Génétique des anomalies malformatives de l'œil, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence pour les Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique (CARGO), CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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2
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Kesim Y, Ceroni F, Damián A, Blanco-Kelly F, Ayuso C, Williamson K, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Bax DA, Plaisancié J, Rieubland C, Chamlal M, Cortón M, Chassaing N, Calvas P, Ragge NK. Correction: Clinical and genetic analysis further delineates the phenotypic spectrum of ALDH1A3-related anophthalmia and microphthalmia. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:1196-1198. [PMID: 37106145 PMCID: PMC10545745 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Kesim
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabiola Ceroni
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandra Damián
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathy Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Dorine A Bax
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Plaisancié
- INSERM U1214, ToNIC, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudine Rieubland
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mostafa Chamlal
- Department of Pediatrics, RAZI-CLINIC Hospital, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Marta Cortón
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicola K Ragge
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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3
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Kesim Y, Ceroni F, Damián A, Blanco-Kelly F, Ayuso C, Williamson K, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Bax DA, Plaisancié J, Rieubland C, Chamlal M, Cortón M, Chassaing N, Calvas P, Ragge NK. Clinical and genetic analysis further delineates the phenotypic spectrum of ALDH1A3-related anophthalmia and microphthalmia. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:1175-1180. [PMID: 36997679 PMCID: PMC10545824 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic pathogenic variants in ALDH1A3 are responsible for approximately 11% of recessively inherited cases of severe developmental eye anomalies. Some individuals can display variable neurodevelopmental features, but the relationship to the ALDH1A3 variants remains unclear. Here, we describe seven unrelated families with biallelic pathogenic ALDH1A3 variants: four compound heterozygous and three homozygous. All affected individuals had bilateral anophthalmia/microphthalmia (A/M), three with additional intellectual or developmental delay, one with autism and seizures and three with facial dysmorphic features. This study confirms that individuals with biallelic pathogenic ALDH1A3 variants consistently manifest A/M, but additionally display neurodevelopmental features with significant intra- and interfamilial variability. Furthermore, we describe the first case with cataract and highlight the importance of screening ALDH1A3 variants in nonconsanguineous families with A/M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Kesim
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabiola Ceroni
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alejandra Damián
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathy Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Dorine A Bax
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Plaisancié
- INSERM U1214, ToNIC, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudine Rieubland
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mostafa Chamlal
- Department of Pediatrics, RAZI-CLINIC Hospital, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Marta Cortón
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicola K Ragge
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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4
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Ceroni F, Osborne D, Clokie S, Bax DA, Cassidy EJ, Dunn MJ, Harris CM, Self JE, Ragge NK. Analysis of Fibroblast Growth Factor 14 (FGF14) structural variants reveals the genetic basis of the early onset nystagmus locus NYS4 and variable ataxia. Eur J Hum Genet 2023; 31:353-359. [PMID: 36207621 PMCID: PMC9995494 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nystagmus (involuntary, rhythmical eye movements) can arise due to sensory eye defects, in association with neurological disorders or as an isolated condition. We identified a family with early onset nystagmus and additional neurological features carrying a partial duplication of FGF14, a gene associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 27 (SCA27) and episodic ataxia. Detailed eye movement analysis revealed oculomotor anomalies strikingly similar to those reported in a previously described four-generation family with early onset nystagmus and linkage to a region on chromosome 13q31.3-q33.1 (NYS4). Since FGF14 lies within NYS4, we revisited the original pedigree using whole genome sequencing, identifying a 161 kb heterozygous deletion disrupting FGF14 and ITGBL1 in the affected individuals, suggesting an FGF14-related condition. Therefore, our study reveals the genetic variant underlying NYS4, expands the spectrum of pathogenic FGF14 variants, and highlights the importance of screening FGF14 in apparently isolated early onset nystagmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Ceroni
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Osborne
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Samuel Clokie
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dorine A Bax
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma J Cassidy
- Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, UK
| | - Matt J Dunn
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jay E Self
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicola K Ragge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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5
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Holt R, Goudie D, Verde AD, Gardham A, Ramond F, Putoux A, Sarkar A, Clowes V, Clayton-Smith J, Banka S, Cortazar Galarza L, Thuret G, Ubeda Erviti M, Zurutuza Ibarguren A, Sáez Villaverde R, Tamayo Durán A, Ayuso C, Bax DA, Plaisancie J, Corton M, Chassaing N, Calvas P, Ragge NK. Individuals with heterozygous variants in the Wnt-signalling pathway gene FZD5 delineate a phenotype characterized by isolated coloboma and variable expressivity. Ophthalmic Genet 2022; 43:809-816. [PMID: 36695497 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2144905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anophthalmia, microphthalmia and coloboma are a genetically heterogenous spectrum of developmental eye disorders. Recently, variants in the Wnt-pathway gene Frizzled Class Receptor 5 (FZD5) have been identified in individuals with coloboma and rarely microphthalmia, sometimes with additional phenotypes and variable penetrance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified variants in FZD5 in individuals with developmental eye disorders from the UK (including the DDD Study [www.ddduk.org/access.html]), France and Spain using whole genome/exome sequencing or customized NGS panels of ocular development genes. RESULTS We report eight new families with FZD5 variants and ocular coloboma. Three individuals presented with additional syndromic features, two explicable by additional variants in other genes (SLC12A2 and DDX3X). In two families initially showing incomplete penetrance, re-examination of apparently unaffected carrier individuals revealed subtle ocular colobomatous phenotypes. Finally, we report two families with microphthalmia in addition to coloboma, representing the second and third reported cases of this phenotype in conjunction with FZD5 variants. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate FZD5 variants are typically associated with isolated ocular coloboma, occasionally microphthalmia, and that extraocular phenotypes are likely to be explained by other gene alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Holt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - David Goudie
- East of Scotland Regional Genetics Service, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Alejandra Damián Verde
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alice Gardham
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Francis Ramond
- Service de Génétique Clinique et Biologique, CHU de Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Audrey Putoux
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service de Génétique, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Lyon, France.,Équipe GENDEV, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, INSERM U1028 CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ajoy Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Virginia Clowes
- North West Thames Regional Genetics Service, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Cortazar Galarza
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Department of Ophthalmology, St Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marta Ubeda Erviti
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ane Zurutuza Ibarguren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Alejandra Tamayo Durán
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dorine A Bax
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK
| | - Julie Plaisancie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, France
| | - Marta Corton
- Department of Genetics & Genomics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Chassaing
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Calvas
- Department of Medical Genetics, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Référence des Affections Rares en Génétique Ophtalmologique CARGO, Site Constitutif, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, France
| | - Nicola K Ragge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, UK.,West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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6
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Holt RJ, Young RM, Crespo B, Ceroni F, Curry CJ, Bellacchio E, Bax DA, Ciolfi A, Simon M, Fagerberg CR, van Binsbergen E, De Luca A, Memo L, Dobyns WB, Mohammed AA, Clokie SJ, Zazo Seco C, Jiang YH, Sørensen KP, Andersen H, Sullivan J, Powis Z, Chassevent A, Smith-Hicks C, Petrovski S, Antoniadi T, Shashi V, Gelb BD, Wilson SW, Gerrelli D, Tartaglia M, Chassaing N, Calvas P, Ragge NK. De Novo Missense Variants in FBXW11 Cause Diverse Developmental Phenotypes Including Brain, Eye, and Digit Anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:640-657. [PMID: 31402090 PMCID: PMC6731360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genetic variants implicated in human developmental disorders has been revolutionized by second-generation sequencing combined with international pooling of cases. Here, we describe seven individuals who have diverse yet overlapping developmental anomalies, and who all have de novo missense FBXW11 variants identified by whole exome or whole genome sequencing and not reported in the gnomAD database. Their phenotypes include striking neurodevelopmental, digital, jaw, and eye anomalies, and in one individual, features resembling Noonan syndrome, a condition caused by dysregulated RAS signaling. FBXW11 encodes an F-box protein, part of the Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex, involved in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and thus fundamental to many protein regulatory processes. FBXW11 targets include β-catenin and GLI transcription factors, key mediators of Wnt and Hh signaling, respectively, critical to digital, neurological, and eye development. Structural analyses indicate affected residues cluster at the surface of the loops of the substrate-binding domain of FBXW11, and the variants are predicted to destabilize the protein and/or its interactions. In situ hybridization studies on human and zebrafish embryonic tissues demonstrate FBXW11 is expressed in the developing eye, brain, mandibular processes, and limb buds or pectoral fins. Knockdown of the zebrafish FBXW11 orthologs fbxw11a and fbxw11b resulted in embryos with smaller, misshapen, and underdeveloped eyes and abnormal jaw and pectoral fin development. Our findings support the role of FBXW11 in multiple developmental processes, including those involving the brain, eye, digits, and jaw.
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7
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Holt R, Ceroni F, Bax DA, Broadgate S, Diaz DG, Santos C, Gerrelli D, Ragge NK. New variant and expression studies provide further insight into the genotype-phenotype correlation in YAP1-related developmental eye disorders. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7975. [PMID: 28801591 PMCID: PMC5554234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08397-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP1, which encodes the Yes-associated protein 1, is part of the Hippo pathway involved in development, growth, repair and homeostasis. Nonsense YAP1 mutations have been shown to co-segregate with autosomal dominantly inherited coloboma. Therefore, we screened YAP1 for variants in a cohort of 258 undiagnosed UK patients with developmental eye disorders, including anophthalmia, microphthalmia and coloboma. We identified a novel 1 bp deletion in YAP1 in a boy with bilateral microphthalmia and bilateral chorioretinal coloboma. This variant is located in the coding region of all nine YAP1 spliceforms, and results in a frameshift and subsequent premature termination codon in each. The variant is predicted to result in the loss of part of the transactivation domain of YAP1, and sequencing of cDNA from the patient shows it does not result in nonsense mediated decay. To investigate the role of YAP1 in human eye development, we performed in situ hybridisation utilising human embryonic tissue, and observed expression in the developing eye, neural tube, brain and kidney. These findings help confirm the role of YAP1 and the Hippo developmental pathway in human eye development and its associated anomalies and demonstrate its expression during development in affected organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - F Ceroni
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - D A Bax
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - S Broadgate
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - D Gold Diaz
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - C Santos
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Gerrelli
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - N K Ragge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. .,Clinical Genetics Unit, West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
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8
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Holt R, Ugur Iseri SA, Wyatt AW, Bax DA, Gold Diaz D, Santos C, Broadgate S, Dunn R, Bruty J, Wallis Y, McMullan D, Ogilvie C, Gerrelli D, Zhang Y, Ragge N. Identification and functional characterisation of genetic variants in OLFM2 in children with developmental eye disorders. Hum Genet 2016; 136:119-127. [PMID: 27844144 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1745-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anophthalmia, microphthalmia, and coloboma are a genetically heterogeneous spectrum of developmental eye disorders and affect around 30 per 100,000 live births. OLFM2 encodes a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the noelin family of olfactomedin domain-containing proteins that modulate the timing of neuronal differentiation during development. OLFM2 SNPs have been associated with open angle glaucoma in a case-control study, and knockdown of Olfm2 in zebrafish results in reduced eye size. From a cohort of 258 individuals with developmental eye anomalies, we identified two with heterozygous variants in OLFM2: an individual with bilateral microphthalmia carrying a de novo 19p13.2 microdeletion involving OLFM2 and a second individual with unilateral microphthalmia and contralateral coloboma who had a novel single base change in the 5' untranslated region. Dual luciferase assays demonstrated that the latter variant causes a significant decrease in expression of OLFM2. Furthermore, RNA in situ hybridisation experiments using human developmental tissue revealed expression in relevant structures, including the lens vesicle and optic cup. Our study indicates that OLFM2 is likely to be important in mammalian eye development and disease and should be considered as a gene for human ocular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Holt
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - S A Ugur Iseri
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A W Wyatt
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D A Bax
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - D Gold Diaz
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - C Santos
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - S Broadgate
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - R Dunn
- Department of Genetics, Viapath, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Bruty
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Y Wallis
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - D McMullan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - C Ogilvie
- Department of Cytogenetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D Gerrelli
- Developmental Biology & Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Y Zhang
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Ragge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. .,Clinical Genetics Unit, West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK.
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9
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Paugh BS, Zhu X, Qu C, Endersby R, Diaz AK, Zhang J, Bax DA, Carvalho D, Reis RM, Onar-Thomas A, Broniscer A, Wetmore C, Zhang J, Jones C, Ellison DW, Baker SJ. Novel oncogenic PDGFRA mutations in pediatric high-grade gliomas. Cancer Res 2013; 73:6219-29. [PMID: 23970477 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The outcome for children with high-grade gliomas (HGG) remains dismal, with a 2-year survival rate of only 10% to 30%. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) comprise a subset of HGG that arise in the brainstem almost exclusively in children. Genome-wide analyses of copy number imbalances previously showed that platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA) is the most frequent target of focal amplification in pediatric HGGs, including DIPGs. To determine whether PDGFRA is also targeted by more subtle mutations missed by copy number analysis, we sequenced all PDGFRA coding exons from a cohort of pediatric HGGs. Somatic-activating mutations were identified in 14.4% (13 of 90) of nonbrainstem pediatric HGGs and 4.7% (2 of 43) of DIPGs, including missense mutations and in-frame deletions and insertions not previously described. Forty percent of tumors with mutation showed concurrent amplification, whereas 60% carried heterozygous mutations. Six different mutations impacting different domains all resulted in ligand-independent receptor activation that was blocked by small molecule inhibitors of PDGFR. Expression of mutants in p53-null primary mouse astrocytes conferred a proliferative advantage in vitro and generated HGGs in vivo with complete penetrance when implanted into brain. The gene expression signatures of these murine HGGs reflected the spectrum of human diffuse HGGs. PDGFRA intragenic deletion of exons 8 and 9 were previously shown in adult HGG, but were not detected in 83 nonbrainstem pediatric HGG and 57 DIPGs. Thus, a distinct spectrum of mutations confers constitutive receptor activation and oncogenic activity to PDGFRα in childhood HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Paugh
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Developmental Neurobiology, Computational Biology, Biostatistics, Oncology, and Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Interdisciplinary Biomedical Science Program, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee; Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; and Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Bjerke L, Mackay A, Nandhabalan M, Burford A, Jury A, Popov S, Bax DA, Carvalho D, Taylor KR, Vinci M, Bajrami I, McGonnell IM, Lord CJ, Reis RM, Hargrave D, Ashworth A, Workman P, Jones C. Histone H3.3. mutations drive pediatric glioblastoma through upregulation of MYCN. Cancer Discov 2013; 3:512-9. [PMID: 23539269 PMCID: PMC3763966 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Children and young adults with glioblastoma (GBM) have a median survival rate of only 12 to 15 months, and these GBMs are clinically and biologically distinct from histologically similar cancers in older adults. They are defined by highly specific mutations in the gene encoding the histone H3.3 variant H3F3A , occurring either at or close to key residues marked by methylation for regulation of transcription—K27 and G34. Here, we show that the cerebral hemisphere-specific G34 mutation drives a distinct expression signature through differential genomic binding of the K36 trimethylation mark (H3K36me3). The transcriptional program induced recapitulates that of the developing forebrain, and involves numerous markers of stem-cell maintenance, cell-fate decisions, and self-renewal.Critically, H3F3A G34 mutations cause profound upregulation of MYCN , a potent oncogene that is causative of GBMs when expressed in the correct developmental context. This driving aberration is selectively targetable in this patient population through inhibiting kinases responsible for stabilization of the protein. SIGNIFICANCE We provide the mechanistic explanation for how the fi rst histone gene mutation inhuman disease biology acts to deliver MYCN, a potent tumorigenic initiator, into a stem-cell compartment of the developing forebrain, selectively giving rise to incurable cerebral hemispheric GBM. Using synthetic lethal approaches to these mutant tumor cells provides a rational way to develop novel and highly selective treatment strategies
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Bjerke
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Mackay
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Meera Nandhabalan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anna Burford
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alexa Jury
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Sergey Popov
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Dorine A Bax
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Diana Carvalho
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- University of Coimbra, Portugal
- ICVS, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Kathryn R Taylor
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Maria Vinci
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Ilirjana Bajrami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Christopher J Lord
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Rui M Reis
- ICVS, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alan Ashworth
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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11
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Puget S, Philippe C, Bax DA, Job B, Varlet P, Junier MP, Andreiuolo F, Carvalho D, Reis R, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Roujeau T, Dessen P, Richon C, Lazar V, Le Teuff G, Sainte-Rose C, Geoerger B, Vassal G, Jones C, Grill J. Mesenchymal transition and PDGFRA amplification/mutation are key distinct oncogenic events in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30313. [PMID: 22389665 PMCID: PMC3289615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is one of the most frequent malignant pediatric brain tumor and its prognosis is universaly fatal. No significant improvement has been made in last thirty years over the standard treatment with radiotherapy. To address the paucity of understanding of DIPGs, we have carried out integrated molecular profiling of a large series of samples obtained with stereotactic biopsy at diagnosis. While chromosomal imbalances did not distinguish DIPG and supratentorial tumors on CGHarrays, gene expression profiling revealed clear differences between them, with brainstem gliomas resembling midline/thalamic tumours, indicating a closely-related origin. Two distinct subgroups of DIPG were identified. The first subgroup displayed mesenchymal and pro-angiogenic characteristics, with stem cell markers enrichment consistent with the possibility to grow tumor stem cells from these biopsies. The other subgroup displayed oligodendroglial features, and appeared largely driven by PDGFRA, in particular through amplification and/or novel missense mutations in the extracellular domain. Patients in this later group had a significantly worse outcome with an hazard ratio for early deaths, ie before 10 months, 8 fold greater that the ones in the other subgroup (p = 0.041, Cox regression model). The worse outcome of patients with the oligodendroglial type of tumors was confirmed on a series of 55 paraffin-embedded biopsy samples at diagnosis (median OS of 7.73 versus 12.37 months, p = 0.045, log-rank test). Two distinct transcriptional subclasses of DIPG with specific genomic alterations can be defined at diagnosis by oligodendroglial differentiation or mesenchymal transition, respectively. Classifying these tumors by signal transduction pathway activation and by mutation in pathway member genes may be particularily valuable for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Puget
- Department of Neurosurgery, Necker-Sick Children Hospital, University Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique «Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics», Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Cathy Philippe
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique «Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics», Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Dorine A. Bax
- Section of Pediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Bastien Job
- Formation de Recherche en Evolution 2939 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Integrated Research Cancer Institute in Villejuif, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Team Glial Plasticity, Unite Mixte de Recherche 894 de l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, University Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Junier
- Team Glial Plasticity, Unite Mixte de Recherche 894 de l'Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale and Department of Neuropathology, Sainte-Anne Hospital, University Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Felipe Andreiuolo
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique «Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics», Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Dina Carvalho
- Section of Pediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University Do Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, University Do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Lea Guerrini-Rousseau
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique «Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics», Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Thomas Roujeau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Necker-Sick Children Hospital, University Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Dessen
- Formation de Recherche en Evolution 2939 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Integrated Research Cancer Institute in Villejuif, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Richon
- Functional Genomics Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Vladimir Lazar
- Functional Genomics Unit, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Gwenael Le Teuff
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Christian Sainte-Rose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Necker-Sick Children Hospital, University Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique «Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics», Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique «Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics», Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
| | - Chris Jones
- Section of Pediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Grill
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 8203 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique «Vectorology and Anticancer Therapeutics», Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, University Paris XI, Villejuif, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Little SE, Popov S, Jury A, Bax DA, Doey L, Al-Sarraj S, Jurgensmeier JM, Jones C. Receptor tyrosine kinase genes amplified in glioblastoma exhibit a mutual exclusivity in variable proportions reflective of individual tumor heterogeneity. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1614-20. [PMID: 22311673 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity in human solid tumors represents a major barrier for the development of effective molecular treatment strategies, as treatment efficacies will reflect the molecular variegation in individual tumors. In glioblastoma, the generation of composite genomic profiles from bulk tumor samples has allowed one to map the genomic amplifications of putative genetic drivers and to prioritize therapeutic targeting strategies aimed at eradicating the tumor burden. Notably, amplification of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) within a single tumor specimen obtained from patients is frequently observed. In this study, use of a detailed multicolor FISH mapping procedure in pathologic specimens revealed a mutual exclusivity of gene amplification in the majority of glioblastoma tumors examined. In particular, the two most commonly amplified RTK genes, EGFR and PDGFRA, were found to be present in variable proportions across the tumors, with one or the other gene predominating in certain areas of the same specimen. Our findings have profound implications for designing efficacious therapeutic regimens, as it remains unclear that how the cells with different gene amplification events contribute to disease propagation or the response to molecular targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Little
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
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13
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Viana-Pereira M, Lee A, Popov S, Bax DA, Al-Sarraj S, Bridges LR, Stávale JN, Hargrave D, Jones C, Reis RM. Microsatellite instability in pediatric high grade glioma is associated with genomic profile and differential target gene inactivation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20588. [PMID: 21637783 PMCID: PMC3102740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High grade gliomas (HGG) are one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in children, and there is increasing evidence that pediatric HGG may harbor distinct molecular characteristics compared to adult tumors. We have sought to clarify the role of microsatellite instability (MSI) in pediatric versus adult HGG. MSI status was determined in 144 patients (71 pediatric and 73 adults) using a well established panel of five quasimonomorphic mononucleotide repeat markers. Expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 was determined by immunohistochemistry, MLH1 was assessed for mutations by direct sequencing and promoter methylation using MS-PCR. DNA copy number profiles were derived using array CGH, and mutations in eighteen MSI target genes studied by multiplex PCR and genotyping. MSI was found in 14/71 (19.7%) pediatric cases, significantly more than observed in adults (5/73, 6.8%; p = 0.02, Chi-square test). MLH1 expression was downregulated in 10/13 cases, however no mutations or promoter methylation were found. MSH6 was absent in one pediatric MSI-High tumor, consistent with an inherited mismatch repair deficiency associated with germline MSH6 mutation. MSI was classed as Type A, and associated with a remarkably stable genomic profile. Of the eighteen classic MSI target genes, we identified mutations only in MSH6 and DNAPKcs and described a polymorphism in MRE11 without apparent functional consequences in DNA double strand break detection and repair. This study thus provides evidence for a potential novel molecular pathway in a proportion of gliomas associated with the presence of MSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Viana-Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Section of Paediatric Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Lee
- Section of Paediatric Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Sergey Popov
- Section of Paediatric Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Dorine A. Bax
- Section of Paediatric Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - João N. Stávale
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Darren Hargrave
- Paediatric Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Jones
- Section of Paediatric Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (RMR); (CJ)
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RMR); (CJ)
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14
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Gaspar N, Marshall L, Perryman L, Bax DA, Little SE, Viana-Pereira M, Sharp SY, Vassal G, Pearson AD, Reis RM, Hargrave D, Workman P, Jones C. MGMT-independent temozolomide resistance in pediatric glioblastoma cells associated with a PI3-kinase-mediated HOX/stem cell gene signature. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9243-52. [PMID: 20935218 PMCID: PMC3935452 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to temozolomide is restricted to a subset of glioblastoma patients, with the major determinant of resistance being a lack of promoter methylation of the gene encoding the repair protein DNA methyltransferase MGMT, although other mechanisms are thought to be active. There are, however, limited preclinical data in model systems derived from pediatric glioma patients. We screened a series of cell lines for temozolomide efficacy in vitro, and investigated the differential mechanisms of resistance involved. In the majority of cell lines, a lack of MGMT promoter methylation and subsequent protein overexpression were linked to temozolomide resistance. An exception was the pediatric glioblastoma line KNS42. Expression profiling data revealed a coordinated upregulation of HOX gene expression in resistant lines, especially KNS42, which was reversed by phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway inhibition. High levels of HOXA9/HOXA10 gene expression were associated with a shorter survival in pediatric high-grade glioma patient samples. Combination treatment in vitro of pathway inhibition and temozolomide resulted in a highly synergistic interaction in KNS42 cells. The resistance gene signature further included contiguous genes within the 12q13-q14 amplicon, including the Akt enhancer PIKE, significantly overexpressed in the KNS42 line. These cells were also highly enriched for CD133 and other stem cell markers. We have thus shown an in vitro link between phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated HOXA9/HOXA10 expression, and a drug-resistant, progenitor cell phenotype in MGMT-independent pediatric glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Gaspar
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie Gustav Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lynley Marshall
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Lara Perryman
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Dorine A. Bax
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Marta Viana-Pereira
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Swee Y. Sharp
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie Gustav Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Andrew D.J. Pearson
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Darren Hargrave
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
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15
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Bax DA, Mackay A, Little SE, Carvalho D, Viana-Pereira M, Tamber N, Grigoriadis AE, Ashworth A, Reis RM, Ellison DW, Al-Sarraj S, Hargrave D, Jones C. A distinct spectrum of copy number aberrations in pediatric high-grade gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3368-77. [PMID: 20570930 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As genome-scale technologies begin to unravel the complexity of the equivalent tumors in adults, we can attempt detailed characterization of high-grade gliomas in children, that have until recently been lacking. Toward this end, we sought to validate and extend investigations of the differences between pediatric and adult tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We carried out copy number profiling by array comparative genomic hybridization using a 32K bacterial artificial chromosome platform on 63 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cases of high-grade glioma arising in children and young people (<23 years). RESULTS The genomic profiles of these tumors could be subclassified into four categories: those with stable genomes, which were associated with a better prognosis; those with aneuploid and those with highly rearranged genomes; and those with an amplifier genotype, which had a significantly worse clinical outcome. Independent of this was a clear segregation of cases with 1q gain (more common in children) from those with concurrent 7 gain/10q loss (a defining feature of adults). Detailed mapping of all the amplification and deletion events revealed numerous low-frequency amplifications, including IGF1R, PDGFRB, PIK3CA, CDK6, CCND1, and CCNE1, and novel homozygous deletions encompassing unknown genes, including those at 5q35, 10q25, and 22q13. Despite this, aberrations targeting the "core signaling pathways" in adult glioblastomas are significantly underrepresented in the pediatric setting. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight that although there are overlaps in the genomic events driving gliomagenesis of all ages, the pediatric disease harbors a distinct spectrum of copy number aberrations compared with adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine A Bax
- Section of Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom
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16
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Paugh BS, Qu C, Jones C, Liu Z, Adamowicz-Brice M, Zhang J, Bax DA, Coyle B, Barrow J, Hargrave D, Lowe J, Gajjar A, Zhao W, Broniscer A, Ellison DW, Grundy RG, Baker SJ. Integrated molecular genetic profiling of pediatric high-grade gliomas reveals key differences with the adult disease. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:3061-8. [PMID: 20479398 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.26.7252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To define copy number alterations and gene expression signatures underlying pediatric high-grade glioma (HGG). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a high-resolution analysis of genomic imbalances in 78 de novo pediatric HGGs, including seven diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, and 10 HGGs arising in children who received cranial irradiation for a previous cancer using single nucleotide polymorphism microarray analysis. Gene expression was analyzed with gene expression microarrays for 53 tumors. Results were compared with publicly available data from adult tumors. RESULTS Significant differences in copy number alterations distinguish childhood and adult glioblastoma. PDGFRA was the predominant target of focal amplification in childhood HGG, including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas, and gene expression analyses supported an important role for deregulated PDGFRalpha signaling in pediatric HGG. No IDH1 hotspot mutations were found in pediatric tumors, highlighting molecular differences with adult secondary glioblastoma. Pediatric and adult glioblastomas were clearly distinguished by frequent gain of chromosome 1q (30% v 9%, respectively) and lower frequency of chromosome 7 gain (13% v 74%, respectively) and 10q loss (35% v 80%, respectively). PDGFRA amplification and 1q gain occurred at significantly higher frequency in irradiation-induced tumors, suggesting that these are initiating events in childhood gliomagenesis. A subset of pediatric HGGs showed minimal copy number changes. CONCLUSION Integrated molecular profiling showed substantial differences in the molecular features underlying pediatric and adult HGG, indicating that findings in adult tumors cannot be simply extrapolated to younger patients. PDGFRalpha may be a useful target for pediatric HGG, including diffuse pontine gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Paugh
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Bax DA, Gaspar N, Little SE, Marshall L, Perryman L, Regairaz M, Viana-Pereira M, Vuononvirta R, Sharp SY, Reis-Filho JS, Stávale JN, Al-Sarraj S, Reis RM, Vassal G, Pearson AD, Hargrave D, Ellison DW, Workman P, Jones C. EGFRvIII Deletion Mutations in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma and Response to Targeted Therapy in Pediatric Glioma Cell Lines. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:5753-61. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bax DA, Little SE, Gaspar N, Perryman L, Marshall L, Viana-Pereira M, Jones TA, Williams RD, Grigoriadis A, Vassal G, Workman P, Sheer D, Reis RM, Pearson ADJ, Hargrave D, Jones C. Molecular and phenotypic characterisation of paediatric glioma cell lines as models for preclinical drug development. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5209. [PMID: 19365568 PMCID: PMC2666263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although paediatric high grade gliomas resemble their adult counterparts in many ways, there appear to be distinct clinical and biological differences. One important factor hampering the development of new targeted therapies is the relative lack of cell lines derived from childhood glioma patients, as it is unclear whether the well-established adult lines commonly used are representative of the underlying molecular genetics of childhood tumours. We have carried out a detailed molecular and phenotypic characterisation of a series of paediatric high grade glioma cell lines in comparison to routinely used adult lines. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS All lines proliferate as adherent monolayers and express glial markers. Copy number profiling revealed complex genomes including amplification and deletions of genes known to be pivotal in core glioblastoma signalling pathways. Expression profiling identified 93 differentially expressed genes which were able to distinguish between the adult and paediatric high grade cell lines, including a number of kinases and co-ordinated sets of genes associated with DNA integrity and the immune response. SIGNIFICANCE These data demonstrate that glioma cell lines derived from paediatric patients show key molecular differences to those from adults, some of which are well known, whilst others may provide novel targets for evaluation in primary tumours. We thus provide the rationale and demonstrate the practicability of using paediatric glioma cell lines for preclinical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine A. Bax
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne E. Little
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Nathalie Gaspar
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lara Perryman
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Lynley Marshall
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Viana-Pereira
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tania A. Jones
- Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Bart's and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D. Williams
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Grigoriadis
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Vassal
- Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Paul Workman
- Pharmacology and New Treatments of Cancer, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Denise Sheer
- Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Bart's and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui M. Reis
- Life and Health Science Research Institute (ICVS), Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Andrew D. J. Pearson
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Hargrave
- Paediatric Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Jones
- Paediatric Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
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Simonavicius N, Robertson D, Bax DA, Jones C, Huijbers IJ, Isacke CM. Endosialin (CD248) is a marker of tumor-associated pericytes in high-grade glioma. Mod Pathol 2008; 21:308-15. [PMID: 18192970 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3801006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent primary tumors of the central nervous system in adults. The most prevalent and aggressive subclass of these is glioblastoma multiforme, which is characterized by massive neovascularization. Endosialin (CD248) has generated interest as a target for antiangiogenic therapy following reports that its expression is upregulated on angiogenic endothelial cells. We demonstrate here that endosialin is not expressed in normal human adult brain but is strongly upregulated in the angiogenic vasculature of all high-grade glioma specimens examined. However, by taking advantage of a technique which allows for multiple fluorescent labeling of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival sections, we demonstrate unambiguously that endosialin is not expressed by the glioma endothelial cells but on closely associated perivascular cells. With increasing awareness that targeting pericytes is an attractive adjunct in antiangiogenic therapy, this finding has important implications for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating angiogenesis in these highly vascularized tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Simonavicius
- 1Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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20
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Bax DA, Siersema PD, Haringsma J, Kuipers EJ, Vos AJM, Van Dekken H, Van Vliet AHM, Kusters JG. High-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus is associated with increased expression of calgranulin A and B. Scand J Gastroenterol 2007; 42:902-10. [PMID: 17613918 DOI: 10.1080/00365520601138189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) are at risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, which is usually preceded by dysplastic changes of the metaplastic mucosa. The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of the development of dysplastic lesions in BE through the identification of genes that are differentially transcribed in these tissue types. MATERIAL AND METHODS Paired biopsy samples from non-dysplastic BE, and high-grade dysplasia from a single patient were used for histological evaluation and gene expression profile analysis. In addition, relative mRNA levels of differentially expressed genes were tested to validate the association with the presence or absence of dysplasia by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (58 biopsy samples containing squamous epithelium, non-dysplastic BE, high-grade dysplasia, or adenocarcinoma from 23 unrelated patients) and immunohistochemistry (9 sets of paired non-dysplastic/high-grade dysplasiac samples from 9 unrelated patients). RESULTS Microarray results from high-grade dysplasia showed 866 genes with a>2-fold difference in mRNA levels compared with non-dysplastic BE. Subsequent comparison of mRNA levels of the 22 genes with a>10-fold difference in 76 unrelated biopsies showed that only two of these genes, i.e. calgranulin A (S100A8; p=0.017) and calgranulin B (S100A9; p=0.022), were consistently up-regulated in high-grade dysplasia, as were protein levels for calgranulin A and B. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of an association between the calprotectin complex, which is involved in chemotaxis of neutrophils, and the progression towards high-grade dysplasia in BE. It remains to be established whether differentially expressed proteins in biopsies form BE can be used to facilitate the diagnosis of advanced dysplasia in BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine A Bax
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Little SE, Bax DA, Rodriguez-Pinilla M, Natrajan R, Messahel B, Pritchard-Jones K, Vujanic GM, Reis-Filho JS, Jones C. Multifaceted Dysregulation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway in Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4360-4. [PMID: 17646270 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies, against which targeted therapies have shown efficacy in lung and brain tumors. Clinical responses to EGFR inhibitors have been found to be highly dependent on the presence of activating mutations, whereas gene amplification, downstream activation of Akt, and abnormalities in PTEN are also reported predictive factors. We sought to evaluate these variables in pediatric renal tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We screened a series of 307 pediatric renal tumors for EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry and gene amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization. In identifying a striking predilection for certain tumor types, we further analyzed the clear cell sarcomas of the kidney (CCSK) for mutations in EGFR and PTEN. RESULTS Although only 23 of 177 (13.0%) nonanaplastic Wilms' tumors were EGFR positive, 4 of 11 (36.4%) anaplastic tumors showed receptor overexpression. In addition, 5 of 9 (55.6%) mesoblastic nephromas and 12 of 12 (100%) CCSKs were strongly immunoreactive for EGFR. In studying the CCSKs in more detail, we identified gene amplification in 1 of 12 (8.3%) cases and a somatic T790M EGFR mutation in a further case. These two samples additionally harbored mutations in PTEN. Downstream pathway activation, as assayed by phosphorylated Akt expression, was observed in 8 of 12 (66.7%) cases. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data show dysregulation of the EGFR pathway at multiple levels in CCSKs. Identification of factors predictive of poor response to targeted therapy, including the drug resistance T790M mutation, may provide a rationale for upfront trials with irreversible inhibitors of EGFR in children with these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Little
- Paediatric Oncology, Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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22
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Kerkhof M, Bax DA, Moons LMG, van Vuuren AJ, van Dekken H, Steyerberg EW, Kuipers EJ, Kusters JG, Siersema PD. Does CDX2 expression predict Barrett's metaplasia in oesophageal columnar epithelium without goblet cells? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 24:1613-21. [PMID: 17206949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal metaplasia (Barrett's oesophagus), but not cardiac-type mucosa in columnar-lined oesophagus, is regarded as premalignant. As intestinal metaplasia and cardiac-type mucosa are endoscopically indiscernible, it is difficult to take targeted samples from columnar-lined oesophagus with consequently a risk of having undetected intestinal metaplasia. AIM To investigate whether the intestinal markers CDX2, MUC2 and villin can predict the presence of undetected intestinal metaplasia in columnar-lined oesophagus. Methods Presence of intestinal metaplasia or cardiac-type mucosa was identified in 122 biopsy sets of columnar-lined oesophagus from 61 patients, collected at two subsequent follow-up upper endoscopies. CDX2, MUC2 and villin expression were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All intestinal metaplasia samples (55) were positive for CDX2 and MUC2 and 32 of 55 for villin. CDX2 expression was detected in 23 of 67 (34%) samples with only cardiac-type mucosa. Detection of CDX2 in cardiac-type mucosa increased the likelihood of finding intestinal metaplasia in another biopsy set of columnar-lined oesophagus (odds ratio 3.5, 95% CI = 1.2-10, P = 0.02). MUC2 was positive in 13 of 23 (57%) of CDX2-positive cardiac-type mucosa samples, whereas villin was detected in seven of 23 (30%). CONCLUSIONS CDX2 expression in cardiac-type mucosa might be able to predict the presence of undetected intestinal metaplasia in columnar-lined oesophagus, and thus may be a putative marker for the presence of intestinal metaplasia in the absence of goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kerkhof
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasus MC- University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Bax DA, Haringsma J, Einerhand AWC, van Dekken H, Blok P, Siersema PD, Kuipers EJ, Kusters JG. MUC4 is increased in high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in Barrett's oesophagus and is associated with a proapoptotic Bax to Bcl-2 ratio. J Clin Pathol 2005; 57:1267-72. [PMID: 15563666 PMCID: PMC1770513 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.017020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Barrett's oesophagus (BO) are at risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Because the pattern of mucosal mucins changes during neoplastic progression, it may serve as a marker of intraepithelial neoplasia. AIMS To determine the expression pattern of mucins in neoplastic BO epithelium (high grade dysplasia) and correlate it with the expression of apoptosis markers Bax and Bcl-2. METHODS Thirty seven patients with BO were studied: 16 without intraepithelial neoplasia, six with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGN), and 15 with infiltrating adenocarcinoma. Biopsies were obtained from squamous epithelium, Barrett's epithelium, and (when present) foci of suspected HGN or adenocarcinoma. MUC1-4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6, Bax, and Bcl-2 mRNA were determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR. MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 protein was determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS Mucin expression varied between neoplastic progression stages in BO. Mucin mRNA levels were low in squamous epithelium, except for MUC4, and were at least four times higher in BO and HGN (p<0.001), but less so in adenocarcinoma. MUC4 expression was significantly lower in BO than in normal squamous epithelium, whereas in HGN and adenocarcinoma, levels were significantly higher than in BO (p = 0.037). The Bax:Bcl-2 ratio was increased in HGN compared with BO (p = 0.04). MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 protein values correlated with mRNA data. CONCLUSIONS Mucin expression varies during the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in BO. MUC4 could serve as a tumour marker in this process. In contrast to animal studies, upregulation of MUC4 in HGN is associated with increased apoptosis, suggesting that MUC4 plays a minor role in apoptosis regulation in BO.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Bax
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC -- University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Bax DA, Siersema PD, Van Vliet AHM, Kuipers EJ, Kusters JG. Molecular alterations during development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2005; 92:89-98; discussion 99. [PMID: 16231373 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has risen significantly over the last decades. During esophageal carcinogenesis many molecular alterations occur that disrupt essential cellular processes, directing the cell to a rapidly proliferating, immortal state. The chronic inflammation that is present in Barrett's esophagus creates an environment in which such molecular alterations are both induced and tolerated. Here, the novel insights in the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma are reviewed, focusing on the role of inflammation, angiogenesis, apoptosis inhibition, loss of cell cycle control, and loss of cell-cell adhesion. These novel developments will open new perspectives for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine A Bax
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Gerrits MM, van der Wouden EJ, Bax DA, van Zwet AA, van Vliet AH, de Jong A, Kusters JG, Thijs JC, Kuipers EJ. Role of the rdxA and frxA genes in oxygen-dependent metronidazole resistance of Helicobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol 2004; 53:1123-1128. [PMID: 15496391 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.45701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 50 % of all Helicobacter pylori isolates are resistant to metronidazole, which reduces the efficacy of metronidazole-containing regimens, but does not make them completely ineffective. This discrepancy between in vitro metronidazole resistance and treatment outcome may partially be explained by changes in oxygen pressure in the gastric environment, as metronidazole-resistant (MtzR) H. pylori isolates become metronidazole-susceptible (MtzS) under low oxygen conditions in vitro. In H. pylori the rdxA and frxA genes encode reductases which are required for the activation of metronidazole, and inactivation of these genes results in metronidazole resistance. Here the role of inactivating mutations in these genes on the reversibility of metronidazole resistance under low oxygen conditions is established. Clinical H. pylori isolates containing mutations resulting in a truncated RdxA and/or FrxA protein were selected and incubated under anaerobic conditions, and the effect of these conditions on the MICs of metronidazole, amoxycillin, clarithromycin and tetracycline, and cell viability were determined. While anaerobiosis had no effect on amoxycillin, clarithromycin and tetracycline resistance, all isolates lost their metronidazole resistance when cultured under anaerobic conditions. This loss of metronidazole resistance also occurred in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol. Thus, factor(s) that activate metronidazole under low oxygen tension are not specifically induced by low oxygen conditions, but are already present under microaerophilic conditions. As there were no significant differences in cell viability between the clinical isolates, it is likely that neither the rdxA nor the frxA gene participates in the reversibility of metronidazole resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique M Gerrits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert-Jan van der Wouden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorine A Bax
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anton A van Zwet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Hm van Vliet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine de Jong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G Kusters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap C Thijs
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 2Department of Internal Medicine, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands 3Regional Public Health Laboratory Groningen/Drenthe, Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Moons LMG, Bax DA, Kuipers EJ, Van Dekken H, Haringsma J, Van Vliet AHM, Siersema PD, Kusters JG. The homeodomain protein CDX2 is an early marker of Barrett's oesophagus. J Clin Pathol 2004; 57:1063-8. [PMID: 15452161 PMCID: PMC1770465 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2003.015727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Barrett's oesophagus (BO), squamous epithelium is replaced by specialised intestinal epithelium (SIE). Transcription factors associated with intestinal differentiation, such as CDX2, may be involved in BO development. AIM To investigate CDX2 expression in BO, squamous epithelium, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma (ADC). METHODS CDX2 expression was assessed in 245 samples-167 biopsies of the columnar lined segment and 38 squamous epithelial biopsies of 39 patients with histologically confirmed BO (10 with ADC). Forty biopsies from 20 patients with reflux oesophagitis (RO) without BO were also evaluated. CDX2 protein was investigated immunohistochemically in 138 biopsies from 16 patients with BO, four with ADC, and 20 with RO. Cdx2 and Muc2 mRNA were detected semiquantitatively using 88 BO biopsies and squamous epithelium from 19 BO patients, and when present from ADC. RESULTS SIE was present in 53/79 biopsies from the columnar lined segment; CDX2 protein was seen in all epithelial cells, but not in biopsies containing only gastric metaplastic epithelium (26/79), or in squamous epithelium (0/40) of patients with RO. Cdx2 mRNA was detected in all biopsies with goblet cell specific Muc2 transcription-indicative of SIE. Low Cdx2 mRNA expression was seen in 6/19 squamous epithelium samples taken 5 cm above the squamocolumnar junction of BO patients. CONCLUSION CDX2 protein/mRNA is strongly associated with oesophageal SIE. Cdx2 mRNA was present in the normal appearing squamous epithelium of one third of BO patients, and may precede morphological changes seen in BO. Therefore, pathways that induce Cdx2 transcription in squamous epithelial cells may be important in BO development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M G Moons
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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