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Zügel M, Qiu S, Laszlo R, Bosnyák E, Weigt C, Müller D, Diel P, Steinacker JM, Schumann U. The role of sex, adiposity, and gonadectomy in the regulation of irisin secretion. Endocrine 2016; 54:101-110. [PMID: 27055554 PMCID: PMC5069305 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A sexual dimorphism has been reported for the adipo-myokine irisin at rest and in response to exercise. The effects of male and female sex, adiposity, and gonadectomy on irisin secretion have not been investigated before. The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of sex, adiposity, and gonadectomy in the regulation of irisin secretion as well as PGC-1α/FNDC5 mRNA and protein expression. We hypothesized that a lack of female sex hormones by ovariectomy reduces irisin levels and inhibits skeletal muscle expression of PGC-1α and FNDC5. Circulating irisin was measured in vivo in serum samples of healthy and obese men and women at rest and in response to acute exercise. The effects of gonadectomy on serum irisin, PGC-1α and FNDC5 muscle mRNA, and protein expression were investigated in ovariectomized (OVX) and orchiectomized (ORX) Wistar rats. Serum irisin at rest was not significantly different between men and women (lean or obese). However, in response to acute aerobic exercise, irisin levels increased significantly more in lean women versus men (p ≤ 0.05). In obese individuals, resting irisin concentrations were significantly higher compared to lean subjects (p ≤ 0.001) and the irisin response to acute exercise was blunted. Only the lack of gonadal hormones in OVX but not ORX rats increased serum irisin levels (p ≤ 0.01) and resulted in significantly increased body weight (p ≤ 0.01), adipose tissue content (p ≤ 0.05), muscle FNDC5 mRNA (p ≤ 0.05), and protein (p ≤ 0.01) expression without altering PGC-1α expression. Testosterone treatment in ORX rats leads to increased PGC-1α mRNA content and reduced PGC-1α protein content without affecting FDNC5 expression or serum irisin levels. We show that a sexual dimorphism exists for the acute irisin response to exercise in normal-weight but not in obese subjects. OVX, which is associated with increased adiposity and insulin insensitivity, increases basal FNDC5 expression and serum irisin, without altering PGC-1α expression. This may be an early sign for metabolic disturbances associated with menopause, such as a developing irisin resistance or an attempt of the organism to improve glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zügel
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Parkstr. 11, 89075, Ulm, Germany.
| | - S Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - R Laszlo
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Parkstr. 11, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - E Bosnyák
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - C Weigt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Müller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J M Steinacker
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Parkstr. 11, 89075, Ulm, Germany
| | - U Schumann
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, Parkstr. 11, 89075, Ulm, Germany
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Bosnyák E, Trájer E, Udvardy A, Komka Z, Protzner A, Kováts T, Györe I, Tóth M, Pucsok J, Szmodis M. ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms among female Hungarian athletes in the aspect of sport disciplines. Acta Physiol Hung 2015; 102:451-8. [PMID: 26690037 DOI: 10.1556/036.102.2015.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the importance of two sport-associated gene polymorphisms, alpha-actinin-3 R577X (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D (ACE), among Hungarian athletes in different sports. The examination was carried out only on women (n = 100). Sport-specific groups were formed in order to guarantee the most homogeneous clusters. Human genomic DNA was isolated from blood, and genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. To measure the differences between the participating groups, Chi-squared test was performed using Statistica 9.0 for Windows® (significance level: p < 0.05). In comparing the ACE I/D allele frequencies, significant difference was detected between water polo (I = 61.11%; D = 38.89%) and combat sports (I = 35.71%, D = 64.29%) athletes (p < 0.03). There was no statistical difference when ACE I/D alleles in combat sports and kayaking/rowing (p > 0.05) were compared. A similarity was detectable in the I allele frequencies of the water polo (61.11%) and kayaking/rowing (56.67%) groups. The ACTN3 R/X polymorphism showed no differences in comparison with the sport groups. R allele frequencies were higher in every group compared to the X allele. The potential significance of the ACE I allele in sports of an aerobic nature was not clearly confirmed among Hungarian athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bosnyák
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary
| | - E Trájer
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary
| | - A Udvardy
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary
| | - Z Komka
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary
| | - A Protzner
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary
| | - T Kováts
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary
| | - I Györe
- Health Centre of Hungarian Defence Force , Kecskemét , Hungary
| | - M Tóth
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary
| | - J Pucsok
- National Institute for Sports Medicine , Budapest , Hungary
| | - M Szmodis
- Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Physical Education , Alkotás utca 44, H-1123, Budapest , Hungary
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Trájer E, Bosnyák E, Komka Z, Kováts T, Protzner A, Szmodis M, Tóth S, Udvardy A, Tóth M. Retrospective Study of the Hungarian National Transplant Team's Cardiorespiratory Capacity. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:1600-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kovács N, Bosnyák E, Herceg M, Pál E, Aschermann Z, Janszky J, Késmárki I, Karádi K, Dóczi T, Nagy F, Komoly S. Are branded and generic extended-release ropinirole formulations equally efficacious? A rater-blinded, cross-over, multicenter study. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kovács N, Bosnyák E, Deli G, Balás I, Komoly S, Janszky J. Comparison of double monopolar and interleaving stimulation modes in the treatment of primary generalized and segmental dystonia. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Komka Z, Bosnyák E, Trájer E, Protzner A, Major Z, Pavlik G, Tóth M, Udvardy A. Increased sympathetic activity can cause repolarization instability in athlete's heart. Interv Med Appl Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1556/imas.3.2011.3.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) of athletes usually occurs during warm-up or shortly after training. At this point sympathetic tone is still elevated but oxygen demand does not differ from resting levels. It is supposed not to have a primarily ischemic origin but most likely relates to repolarization abnormalities which can be associated with intracellular cAMP level caused by increased sympathetic tone. The mediators of sympathetic nervous system are the catecholamines (epinephrin, norepinephrin). Measuring QT-dispersion can show the repolarization's inhomogeneity. 27 elite soccer players, 28 triathletes and 29 non-trained control person took part in our study. It was recorded cardiac ultrasound, an ECG and taken blood before and after exercise. We found significantly higher QT-dispersion and catecholamines in soccer players compared to the triathletes and the controls. However the soccer players did not show larger athlete's heart than the triathletes. After exercise the increased repolarization inhomogeneity persisted in soccer players, but in triathletes it decreased. Increased sympathetic tone in athletes can enhance arrhythmia propensity. Our data may explain why the soccer players die of sudden cardiac death most commonly in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Komka
- 1 Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- 2 Hajló u. 41, H-1048, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E. Bosnyák
- 1 Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E. Trájer
- 1 Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Protzner
- 1 Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zs. Major
- 1 Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G. Pavlik
- 1 Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Tóth
- 1 Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Udvardy
- 1 Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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