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Calle E, González LA, Muñoz CH, Jaramillo D, Vanegas A, Vásquez G. Tuberculous sacroiliitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report and literature review. Lupus 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203318762594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are at higher risk of developing opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis (TB), especially extrapulmonary forms like osteoarticular TB, compared to the general population. However, tuberculous sacroiliitis has been scarcely reported in these patients. We present a 34-year-old woman with SLE who developed articular tuberculosis simultaneously affecting the right sacroiliac joint and the left knee. The patient was successfully treated with antituberculosis therapy for nine months. In this case, in addition to the immunological abnormalities of lupus, the long-term glucocorticoid therapy at high dosages was the main risk factor for the development of osteoarticular tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calle
- División de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L A González
- División de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C H Muñoz
- División de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - D Jaramillo
- División de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Vanegas
- División de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - G Vásquez
- División de Reumatología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Sección de Inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Manso JA, Pérez-Prior MT, Gómez-Bombarelli R, González-Pérez M, Céspedes IF, García-Santos MP, Calle E, Casado J. Alkylating potential ofN-phenyl-N-nitrosourea. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Manso JA, Pérez-Prior MT, García-Santos MP, Calle E, Casado J. Steric effect in alkylation reactions byN-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas: a kinetic approach. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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4
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Mirsky R, Parkinson DB, Dong Z, Meier C, Calle E, Brennan A, Topilko P, Harris BS, Stewart HJ, Jessen KR. Regulation of genes involved in Schwann cell development and differentiation. Prog Brain Res 2001; 132:3-11. [PMID: 11544997 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(01)32060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Mirsky
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK.
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Lee MJ, Calle E, Brennan A, Ahmed S, Sviderskaya E, Jessen KR, Mirsky R. In early development of the rat mRNA for the major myelin protein P(0) is expressed in nonsensory areas of the embryonic inner ear, notochord, enteric nervous system, and olfactory ensheathing cells. Dev Dyn 2001; 222:40-51. [PMID: 11507768 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The myelin protein P(0) has a major structural role in Schwann cell myelin, and the expression of P(0) protein and mRNA in the Schwann cell lineage has been extensively documented. We show here, using in situ hybridization, that the P(0) gene is also activated in a number of other tissues during embryonic development. P(0) mRNA is first detectable in 10-day-old embryos (E10) and is at this time seen only in cells in the cephalic neural crest and in the otic placode/pit. P(0) expression continues in the otic vesicle and at E12 P(0) expression in this structure largely overlaps with expression of another myelin gene, proteolipid protein. In the developing ear at E14, P(0) expression is complementary to expression of serrate and c-ret mRNAs, which later are expressed in sensory areas of the inner ear, while expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 and P(0), though largely complementary, shows small areas of overlap. P(0) mRNA and protein are detectable in the notochord from E10 to at least E13. In addition to P(0) expression in a subpopulation of trunk crest cells at E11/E12 and in Schwann cell precursors thereafter, P(0) mRNA is also present transiently in a subpopulation of cells migrating in the enteric neural crest pathway, but is down-regulated in these cells at E14 and thereafter. P(0) is also detected in the placode-derived olfactory ensheathing cells from E13 and is maintained in the adult. No signal is seen in cells in the melanocyte migration pathway or in TUJ1 positive neuronal cells in tissue sections. The activation of the P(0) gene in specific tissues outside the nervous system was unexpected. It remains to be determined whether this is functionally significant, or whether it is an evolutionary relic, perhaps reflecting ancestral use of P(0) as an adhesion molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Abstract
Nitrosation reactions of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-amino acids whose reaction products can act as alkylating agents of DNA were investigated. To approach in vivo conditions for the two-step mechanism (nitrosation and alkylation), nitrosation reactions were carried out in aqueous acid conditions (mimicking the conditions of the stomach lumen) while the alkylating potential of the nitrosation products was investigated at neutral pH, as in the stomach lining cells into which such products can diffuse. These conclusions were drawn: (i) The alkylating species resulting from the nitrosation of amino acids with an -NH(2) group are the corresponding lactones; (ii) the sequence of alkylating power is: alpha-lactones > beta-lactones > gamma-lactones, coming respectively from the nitrosation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-amino acids; and (iii) the results obtained may be useful in predicting the mutagenic effectiveness of the nitrosation products of amino acids.
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7
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Berciano MT, Fernandez R, Pena E, Calle E, Villagra NT, Rodriguez-Rey JC, Lafarga M. Formation of intranuclear crystalloids and proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in schwann cells induced by tellurium treatment: association with overexpression of HMG CoA reductase and HMG CoA synthase mRNA. Glia 2000; 29:246-59. [PMID: 10642751 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(20000201)29:3<246::aid-glia6>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Administration of tellurium (Te) in weaning rats causes a well-established demyelinating neuropathy induced by the inhibition in myelinating Schwann cells (SC) of the synthesis of cholesterol, a major component of the myelin sheath, at the level of squalene epoxidase. We have used this experimental model of Te neuropathy to study the biogenesis and reorganization of the endomembranes of the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in response to Te treatment by ultrastructural analysis and in situ hybridization for the detection of HMG CoA reductase and synthase mRNA, which encode key enzymes in cholesterol synthesis. The adaptive response of myelinating SC to cholesterol depletion includes cell hypertrophy, the formation of tubular invaginations of proliferating nuclear membranes giving rise to peculiar nuclear inclusions termed crystalloids, and, at the cytoplasmic level, the formation of lamellar bodies of rough ER, proliferation of the smooth ER, and overexpression of HMG CoA reductase and synthase mRNAs. The changes revert after withdrawal of Te treatment. Our results show that the biogenesis and structural organization of both endomembrane systems change dynamically upon Te-induced cholesterol depletion, indicating that this constituent plays a critical role in the organization of nuclear envelope and ER compartments in SC. The results also suggest that the HMG CoA reductase, an integral membrane protein of ER, provides the signal for the extensive membrane assembly. While the physiological meaning of crystalloid remains to be clarified, the hypertrophy of the smooth ER may represent a cytoprotective mechanism involved in detoxification of the neurotoxic agent or its metabolic derivates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria, Faculty of Medicine, Santander, Spain
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8
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Berciano MT, Fernandez R, Pena E, Calle E, Villagra NT, Lafarga M. Necrosis of schwann cells during tellurium-induced primary demyelination: DNA fragmentation, reorganization of splicing machinery, and formation of intranuclear rods of actin. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1999; 58:1234-43. [PMID: 10604748 DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199912000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a cytological, immunocytochemical, and biochemical study of the cell death of mature myelinating Schwann cells (SCs) in the primary demyelinating neuropathy induced by tellurium (Te). Weaned rats were fed a diet containing 1.1% elemental Te. The animals were killed daily within the first week of Te diet. After 4 to 6 days of Te treatment some SCs underwent degeneration and necrosis. By electron microscopy analysis, degenerating SCs showed chromatin condensation, detachment from the nuclear envelope of condensed chromatin clumps, aggregation of interchromatin granule clusters, formation of intranuclear bundles of microfilaments, and cytoplasmic vesiculation. By confocal laser fluorescence microscopy, chromatin regions were stained with the TUNEL method for in situ labeling of DNA fragmentation and exhibited a progressive reduction of histone signal. In addition, splicing small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) factors were redistributed in a few large nuclear domains and bright foci of intranuclear actin were observed. DNA electrophoresis revealed a smear pattern of DNA fragmentation in sciatic nerve samples from Te-treated animals. Upon Te treatment, no degradation of the caspase substrates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and lamin B was detected by Western blots or immunocytochemistry, respectively. The peculiar structural rearrangement of the transcription and splicing machinery as well as the vesicular degeneration of the cytoplasm in degenerating SCs support an autophagic cell death of the necrotic type. Unlike the apoptosis of pre-remyelinating SCs (11), this caspase independent cell death of necrotic type involves mature pre-demyelinating SCs and eliminates SCs injured by the neurotoxic effect of Te.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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9
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González-Mancebo S, García-Santos MP, Hernández-Benito J, Calle E, Casado J. Nitrosation of phenolic compounds: inhibition and enhancement. J Agric Food Chem 1999; 47:2235-2240. [PMID: 10794616 DOI: 10.1021/jf981094n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The nitrosation of phenol, m-, o-, and p-cresol, 2,3-, 3,5-, and 2, 6-dimethylphenol, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, o-chlorophenol, and o-bromophenol was studied. Kinetic monitoring of the reactions was accomplished by spectrophotometric analysis of the products at 345 nm. At pH > 3, the dominant reaction was C-nitrosation through a mechanism that appears to consist of an attack on the nitrosatable substrate by NO(+)/NO(2)H(2)(+), followed by a slow proton transfer. The finding of an isokinetic relationship supports the idea that the same mechanism operates throughout the series. The observed sequence of nitrosatable substrate reactivities is explained by (i) the preferred para-orientation of the hydroxyl group for the electrophilic attack of nitrosating agents, (ii) steric hindrance of alkyl substituents, which reduces or prevents attack by nitrosating agents, and (iii) the hyperconjugative effect of the methyl substituent, which causes electronic charge to flow into the aromatic nucleus, as well as the opposite electronic withdrawing effect induced by halogen substituents. The results show that potential nitrosation of widespread environmental species such as chlorophenols is negligible, but more attention should be paid to polyphenols with strongly nucleophilic carbon atoms.
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Calle E, Berciano MT, Fernández R, Lafarga M. Activation of the autophagy, c-FOS and ubiquitin expression, and nucleolar alterations in Schwann cells precede demyelination in tellurium-induced neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol 1999; 97:143-55. [PMID: 9928825 DOI: 10.1007/s004010050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We have used an experimental model of tellurium (Te)-induced demyelinating neuropathy in the rat to study cellular mechanisms involved in the early response of myelinating Schwann cells (SCs) to injury, prior to demyelination. Starting at postnatal day 21, weaned rats were fed a diet containing 1.1% elemental Te. The animals were killed daily within the 1st week of Te diet and the sciatic nerves were processed for the ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Te induces an increased nuclear expression of c-Fos in SCs. By electron microscopy analysis, the early cytoplasmic alteration was a dramatic disorganization of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with cisternal dilations and redistribution and loss of membrane-bound ribosomes. This was followed by a prominent activation of the macroautophagy in SCs. This process involved the formation of autophagosomes containing well-preserved cell organelles, autolysosomes with cellular remnants in various phases of degeneration and lysosomes. Te treatment also induced the expression of free ubiquitin in the perikaryal region of the SC cytoplasm. Immunogold electron microscopy showed the subcellular distribution of ubiquitin in the cytosol, around of dilated ER cisterns and in the matrix of autolysosomes and residual bodies. At the nucleolar level, fibrillarin immunofluorescence revealed nucleolar segregation in SCs exposed to Te. The ultrastructural study confirmed the segregation of the nucleolar components with a peripheral distribution of the dense fibrillar component. These results support the hypothesis that the depletion of cholesterol induced by Te treatment triggers a stress response in myelinating SCs mediated by immediate early genes of the fos family. The cellular response includes a severe disruption of the protein synthesis machinery, namely the rough ER and nucleolus, with the subsequent activation of both ubiquitin and autophagic pathways of proteins and cell organelle degradation. This cytoplasmic remodeling may represent a cytoprotective mechanism in the response of SCs to a neurotoxic stress. Furthermore, it must be a prerequisite for the induction of phenotypic changes and cell repair mechanisms in SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Calle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Santander, Spain
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11
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Lafarga M, Andres MA, Calle E, Berciano MT. Reactive gliosis of immature Bergmann glia and microglial cell activation in response to cell death of granule cell precursors induced by methylazoxymethanol treatment in developing rat cerebellum. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1998; 198:111-22. [PMID: 9725770 DOI: 10.1007/s004290050169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The morphology, organization and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the cytoskeletal proteins vimentin and GFAP in immature Bergmann glial cells were studied after a developmental injury induced by a single dose of the cytotoxic agent methylazoxymethanol (MAM) administered on postnatal day 5. This drug, which produces cell death of cerebellar granule cell precursors, did not induce apoptosis in Bergmann glial cells, which are in a proliferative stage. After MAM treatment, PCNA staining showed a severe depletion of PCNA-positive granule cell precursors, whereas PCNA-positive Bergmann glial nuclei in the Purkinje cell layer were preserved. Moreover, the quantitative analysis revealed an increase in the density of both Purkinje cells and PCNA-positive Bergmann glial cells per mm of Purkinje cell layer in MAM-treated rats relative to age-matched controls, but the numerical ratio between these two cell populations remains invariable after MAM treatment. Vimentin and GFAP immunocytochemistry revealed a reinforcement of the Bergmann glial palisade with overexpression of both proteins and thicker immunoreactive glial processes in MAM-treated rats. At the ultrastructural level, Bergmann glial processes closely associated with dying cells in different stages of apoptosis were observed. Frequently, these processes enclosed dying cells in extracellular compartments. Furthermore, phagosomes containing apoptotic bodies were found in Bergmann fibers of MAM-treated rats. These data indicate that the cell death of granule cell precursors triggers a reactive response in immature Bergmann glia. We suggest that this response reflects the plasticity of Bergmann glia to control the neuronal microenvironment in the maturing molecular layer, protecting healthy cells against the potentially harmful contents of dying cells. In situ labeling of cell death with the TUNEL method revealed that the cell death of granule cell precursors is of the apoptotic type. The participation of ameboid microglial cells in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells was shown with tomato lectin histochemistry and ultrastructural analysis. Moreover, the presence of mitosis in this microglial population demonstrates its proliferative activity in regions of extensive cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lafarga
- Departamento de Anatomía y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Santander, Spain.
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12
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Berciano MT, Calle E, Fernández R, Lafarga M. Regulation of Schwann cell numbers in tellurium-induced neuropathy: apoptosis, supernumerary cells and internodal shortening. Acta Neuropathol 1998; 95:269-79. [PMID: 9542592 DOI: 10.1007/s004010050797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used an experimental model of tellurium(Te)-induced demyelinating neuropathy in the rat to study cellular mechanisms involved in regulating Schwann cell (SC) numbers during remyelination. Starting at postnatal day 21, weaned rats were fed a diet containing 1.1% elemental Te. Following 7 days of Te treatment and at several time points of post-tellurium treatment (PTe), the animals were processed for ultrastructural analysis, SC nuclei quantification and teased fibre preparations. It is well-established that Te induces a transient demyelinating/remyelinating sequence in sciatic nerves. The loss of the myelin sheath in this neuropathy produces active proliferation and overproduction of immature SCs. By electron microscopy analysis most mitotic SCs were located along demyelinated segments. Quantitative determination of SC nuclei per transverse section of sciatic nerve revealed a dramatic increase of SCs at 2 days PTe relative to control nerves. The number of SC nuclei then decreased progressively during the long-term period of recovery studied (330 days PTe). In Te-treated rats, SCs undergoing cell death were regularly found within the nerve fibre compartment, especially on demyelinated segments. Dying cells exhibited morphological features of apoptosis and appeared enclosed by lamellar processes of adjacent healthy SCs in extracellular compartments. Both healthy immature SCs and endoneurial macrophages were involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic SCs. Particularly during remyelination, supernumerary endoneurial SCs were observed surrounding myelinated fibres. These cells progressively became atrophic with a morphological phenotype similar so that of "onion bulb" cells. On the other hand, teased fibre measurements revealed a remarkable permanent internodal shortening in remyelinated fibres from Te-treated sciatic nerves. These results indicate that a portion of redundant immature SCs are susceptible to elimination by apoptosis. However, other distinct biological mechanisms such as the persistence of supernumerary SCs in the endoneurium and the shortening of internodal lengths are also involved in regulating SC numbers during the remyelination stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Santander, Spain
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13
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Berciano J, Figols J, García A, Calle E, Illa I, Lafarga M, Berciano M. 1-48-01 Fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome with universal inexcitability of peripheral nerves: A clinico-pathological study. J Neurol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-510x(97)85148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Berciano J, Figols J, García A, Calle E, Illa I, Lafarga M, Berciano MT. Fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome with universal inexcitability of peripheral nerves: a clinicopathological study. Muscle Nerve 1997; 20:846-57. [PMID: 9179157 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4598(199707)20:7<846::aid-mus9>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The pathological basis of nerve inexcitability in Guillain-Barré syndrome has not been established with certainty. We report the clinicopathological findings in a 67-year-old patient with fulminant Guillain-Barré syndrome who died 18 days after onset. Three serial electrophysiological studies revealed nerve inexcitability. Antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni were present but there was no antiganglioside reactivity. Spinal root sections revealed extensive and almost pure macrophage-associated demyelination with occasional presence of T lymphocytes and neutrophil leukocytes. Conversely, in femoral, median, and sural nerves the outstanding lesion was axonal degeneration, with some denuded axons remaining. Unmyelinated fibers, posterior root ganglia, and dorsal columns were preserved. Endoneurial postcapillary venules showed plump endothelial cells with loss of their tight junctions. We conclude that both primary demyelination and axonal degeneration secondary to inflammation account for nerve inexcitability. Our findings lend support to the hypothesis of increased endoneurial pressure as the cause of wallerian degeneration in nerve trunks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Berciano
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital, Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
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15
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Lafarga M, Lerga A, Andres MA, Polanco JI, Calle E, Berciano MT. Apoptosis induced by methylazoxymethanol in developing rat cerebellum: organization of the cell nucleus and its relationship to DNA and rRNA degradation. Cell Tissue Res 1997; 289:25-38. [PMID: 9182598 DOI: 10.1007/s004410050849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a cytological and biochemical study of the cell death of granule cell precursors in developing rat cerebellum following treatment with the cytotoxic agent methylazoxymethanol (MAM) during the first postnatal week. The density of apoptotic figures per square millimeter progressively increases after 6, 12, 24 and 44 h of treatment, whereas cells immunoreactive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen tend to disappear in the external granular layer (EGL). DNA migration on gel electrophoresis reveals a typical ladder pattern of internucleosomal cleavage following MAM treatment, whereas gel electrophoresis of rRNA shows a conspicuous degradation of both 28S and 18S rRNAs. Ultrastructural analysis has revealed the alterations of structures containing chromatin and ribonucleoprotein (RNP) in dying cells of the EGL. The typical granular beaded configuration of the condensed chromatin changes to a denser, more homogeneous texture suggesting nucleosomal disruption. The reorganization of RNP nuclear domains is reflected by the appearance of dispersed nucleoplasmic RNP particles and the formation of a coiled-body-like structure. However, typical nuclear domains involved in the splicing of RNAs, namely interchromatin granule clusters and typical "coiled bodies", are not found in apoptotic cells. Intranuclear bundles of filaments have also been detected. In the cytoplasm, the presence of dispersed single ribosomes is an initial sign of apoptosis. The massive dispersion and disruption of ribosomes detected after 24 h and 44 h of MAM treatment is reflected by the degradation of both 28S and 18s rRNAs. These results show that MAM treatment provides a useful experimental model for the study of apoptosis in the developing central nervous system. The organization of the cell nucleus in cells undergoing apoptosis clearly reflects a disruption of the nuclear compartments involved in transcription and the processing and transport of RNA and is related to the patterns of DNA and rRNA degradation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Carcinogens/pharmacology
- Cell Nucleus/drug effects
- Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure
- Cerebellum/drug effects
- Cerebellum/growth & development
- Cerebellum/ultrastructure
- DNA/drug effects
- DNA/metabolism
- DNA Fragmentation
- Female
- Methylazoxymethanol Acetate/analogs & derivatives
- Methylazoxymethanol Acetate/pharmacology
- Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal/drug effects
- RNA, Ribosomal/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/drug effects
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/metabolism
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/drug effects
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Av. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, E-39011 Santander, Spain.
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16
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Holmberg L, Ekbom A, Calle E, Mokdad A, Byers T. Breast cancer mortality in relation to self-reported use of breast self-examination. A cohort study of 450,000 women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1997; 43:137-40. [PMID: 9131269 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005788729145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of breast self-examination (BSE) for reducing mortality from breast cancer are uncertain. We conducted an analysis of the relationship between self-reported practicing of BSE and mortality from breast cancer over 13 years in a cohort of over 548,000 women. The report of practicing BSE was unrelated to breast cancer mortality. There was a small beneficial effect in those women who were the thinnest, but this effect was small and not statistically significant. BSE was otherwise equally ineffective in subgroups defined by obesity level and family history of breast cancer. We conclude that BSE, as practiced by American women in 1959, did not reduce the risk of mortality from breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holmberg
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Garc�a-Santos P, Calle E, Gonz�lez-Mancebo S, Casado J. Kinetics of the aminolysis and hydrolysis of alkyl nitrites: Evidence for an orbital controlled mechanism. Monatsh Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00807570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Berciano MT, Calle E, Andres MA, Berciano J, Lafarga M. Schwann cell nuclear remodelling and formation of nuclear and coiled bodies in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Acta Neuropathol 1996; 92:386-94. [PMID: 8891071 DOI: 10.1007/s004010050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the reorganization of the cell nucleus in myelin-related Schwann cells (SCs) in a case of acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Spinal root samples of the GBS case and human controls were processed for light and electron microscopy. The cytochemical EDTA method for ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) and a specific silver staining technique for nucleolar organizer regions were used on ultrathin sections. In SCs of the GBS case, we observed a significant increase in nuclear size (64.99 +/- 10.47 microns 2 in the GBS vs 35.07 +/- 8.74 microns 2 in the controls, mean +/- SD) accompanying partial decondensation of heterochromatin domains and elaboration of an extensive network of RNP-containing perichromatin fibrils. In addition, the formation of two types of nuclear structures, coiled bodies and nuclear bodies of Bouteille, was induced in SCs of the case of acute GBS. Free coiled bodies were observed in the nucleoplasm and were characteristically stained with both RNP and silver procedures. Typical "simple" and "complex" nuclear bodies were regularly found, sometimes in association with coiled bodies. On the basis of cell nucleus physiology, all of these changes are considered cytological indicators of enhanced transcription and cellular hyperactivity, and they seem to reflect a reactive response of SCs triggered by the constellation of cellular and humoral signals associated with acute GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria, Faculty of Medicine, Santander, Spain
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Berríos J, Sedano O, Calle E, Montero F, Manrique J, Hinostroza E. [Upper digestive hemorrhage in the inhabitants of high altitudes in Peru]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 1996; 16:13-8. [PMID: 8664481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
One hundred cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in peruvian highlanders were studied at a hospital in La Oroya (3850 meters above the sea level). On admission in all of them an esophagogastroduodenal fiberscope was performed to establish the diagnosis. Most of them were males (98%), between 30-39 years of age (38%) and presented at the same time hematemesis and melena (64%). After bleeding in 72% the hemoglobin was over 14 g%. As a whole the most frequent diagnosis were: gastric ulcer (33%). duodenal ulcer (23%) and erosive gastritis (23%). In those living between 3000-3500 m.a.s.l. duodenal ulcer had the highest incidence. At 3500 m.a.s.l. was gastric ulcer more frequent, followed by erosive gastritis. In 11% surgery was required and only in 27% it was necessary a blood transfusion. After bleeding 10% had an hemoglobin level over 20 g% and because of this they were considered as having Chronic Mountain Sickness, 4 of them with severe cardiorespiratory and consciousness disturbances required after the gastrointestinal hemorrhage, an immediate bleeding in order to compensate the patient, a completely unusual occurrence in general pathology but a peculiar treatment in these patients living at high altitudes of the peruvian Andes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Berríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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Berciano MT, Andres MA, Calle E, Lafarga M. Age-induced hypertrophy of astrocytes in rat supraoptic nucleus: a cytological, morphometric, and immunocytochemical study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1995; 243:129-44. [PMID: 8540627 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092430115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the adult rat, neuron-astroglia interactions in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) are characterized by the structural and functional plasticity of astrocytes in response to several physiological and experimental conditions. This study has analyzed the plasticity of the supraoptic nucleus astrocytes in response to the age-induced changes in neuronal activity. METHODS The study was performed in 5-, 12-, 18- and 24-month-old rats. The cytology and organization of astrocytes in the SON were examined using glial fibrillary acidic and vimentin immunocytochemistry and ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. RESULTS No significant age-related variations in the total number of neurons and astrocytes in the SON were detected, although a few degenerating neurons were found in old rats. An age-dependent increase in GFAP immunoreactivity was observed at the ventral glial lamina, perivascularly and between neuronal perikarya. Vimentin overexpression was also detected in ventral lamina astrocytes with advancing age. At the cell nucleus level, we observed an age-associated increase in nuclear size and in the number of coiled bodies, nuclear bodies, and "cleared" nucleoplasmic areas, as well as changes in the nucleolar organization. At the cytoplasmic level, characteristic ultrastructural features in astrocytes of old rats were the hypertrophy of intermediate filament bundles and the formation of an extensive network of Golgi stacks interlinked by tubulovesicular elements. Glial filaments were often associated with the nuclear envelope and polyribosomes. CONCLUSIONS The increased GFAP and vimentin immunoreactivity and the morphometric and cytological changes in rat SON astrocytes may reflect a sustained upregulation of cellular activity with age, resulting in hypertrophy of glial perikarya and cell processes. Several factors that are known to influence the expression of the astrocytic phenotype, such as signals produced by degenerating neurons and activated microglia, as well as variations in neuronal activity are considered possible causes of the age-associated changes in SON astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Abstract
Because older ages of both mothers and fathers have been hypothesized by others to increase the subsequent risk of breast cancer in female babies, we analyzed the association between maternal and paternal age at birth and mortality from breast cancer in a cohort of 384,796 American women. Cox proportional hazards modeling accounted for age, family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, age at menarche, age at first pregnancy, and parity. We found little association between paternal age at birth and death from breast cancer. Although there was no clear linear trend for higher risk with increasing age of the mothers at birth, women born to mothers age 45 years or older had a relative hazard of 1.30 (95% confidence interval = 0.85-1.98), compared with women born to mothers under the age of 20 years. Although these findings are of little public health significance, they may indicate a hormonal profile in older mothers that predisposes female offspring to a higher risk of breast cancer in later years.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Holmberg
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Domìnguez V, Calle E, Ortega P, Astasio P, Valero de Bernabè J, Rey Calero J. Adjusting risk factors in spontaneous abortion by multiple logistic regression. Eur J Epidemiol 1991; 7:171-4. [PMID: 2044715 DOI: 10.1007/bf00237362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional case-control study was performed to identify some obstetric and gynaecologic factors that can influence spontaneous abortion. Statistical and epidemiologic analyses were done by multiple logistic regression to adjust OR through the beta coefficient. A dicotomized outcome variable, representing spontaneous abortion, and different independent variables, representing distinct medical factors, were designed. The analysis was carried out with a personal computer and an appropriate statistic package. The variables representing age over 35 and previous spontaneous abortions were shown to be risk factors, adjusted for the rest of variables. The variables representing parity and late menarcheal age lost significance when they were adjusted with multiple logistic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Domìnguez
- Dpto de Salúd Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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