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Paez-Escamilla M, Abo-Zed A, Abramovitz B, Stefko ST, Waxman E. Recovery of vision after treatment of hemodialysis related bilateral optic nerve ischemia. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 25:101373. [PMID: 35146214 PMCID: PMC8818521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We present the case of a patient who lost light perception in both eyes after hemodialysis and subsequently recovered vision after treatment with erythropoietin and intravenous steroids. Observations Our patient reported loss of light perception in both eyes (NLP) 2 hours after hemodialysis. Examination confirmed NLP vision, chronic retinal vascular changes, and no acute changes in optic nerve appearance. A presumptive diagnosis of posterior optic neuropathy was made. The patient was treated with erythropoietin and intravenous steroids according to the protocol of Nikkah. Over a period of 14 hours, he recovered vision to his baseline. Conclusions and Importance Bilateral loss of light perception is a rare complication of hemodialysis. The presumed mechanism is posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Prompt treatment with erythropoietin and intravenous steroids should be considered in similar situations that result in Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) related to procedure-based hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paez-Escamilla
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, United States
| | - A Abo-Zed
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - B Abramovitz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - S T Stefko
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, United States.,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, United States
| | - E Waxman
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, United States
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Spees C, Prendergast K, Waxman E, Lyles C, Wolf K, Seligman H. Perceived Health Status Is Associated with Barriers to Diabetes Self-Management in Food Pantry Clients. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Soderberg AM, Berger E, Page KL, Schady P, Parrent J, Pooley D, Wang XY, Ofek EO, Cucchiara A, Rau A, Waxman E, Simon JD, Bock DCJ, Milne PA, Page MJ, Barentine JC, Barthelmy SD, Beardmore AP, Bietenholz MF, Brown P, Burrows A, Burrows DN, Byrngelson G, Cenko SB, Chandra P, Cummings JR, Fox DB, Gal-Yam A, Gehrels N, Immler S, Kasliwal M, Kong AKH, Krimm HA, Kulkarni SR, Maccarone TJ, Mészáros P, Nakar E, O’Brien PT, Overzier RA, de Pasquale M, Racusin J, Rea N, York DG. An extremely luminous X-ray outburst at the birth of a supernova. Nature 2008; 453:469-74. [PMID: 18497815 DOI: 10.1038/nature06997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Campana S, Mangano V, Blustin AJ, Brown P, Burrows DN, Chincarini G, Cummings JR, Cusumano G, Della Valle M, Malesani D, Mészáros P, Nousek JA, Page M, Sakamoto T, Waxman E, Zhang B, Dai ZG, Gehrels N, Immler S, Marshall FE, Mason KO, Moretti A, O'Brien PT, Osborne JP, Page KL, Romano P, Roming PWA, Tagliaferri G, Cominsky LR, Giommi P, Godet O, Kennea JA, Krimm H, Angelini L, Barthelmy SD, Boyd PT, Palmer DM, Wells AA, White NE. The association of GRB 060218 with a supernova and the evolution of the shock wave. Nature 2006; 442:1008-10. [PMID: 16943830 DOI: 10.1038/nature04892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although the link between long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae has been established, hitherto there have been no observations of the beginning of a supernova explosion and its intimate link to a GRB. In particular, we do not know how the jet that defines a gamma-ray burst emerges from the star's surface, nor how a GRB progenitor explodes. Here we report observations of the relatively nearby GRB 060218 (ref. 5) and its connection to supernova SN 2006aj (ref. 6). In addition to the classical non-thermal emission, GRB 060218 shows a thermal component in its X-ray spectrum, which cools and shifts into the optical/ultraviolet band as time passes. We interpret these features as arising from the break-out of a shock wave driven by a mildly relativistic shell into the dense wind surrounding the progenitor. We have caught a supernova in the act of exploding, directly observing the shock break-out, which indicates that the GRB progenitor was a Wolf-Rayet star.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Campana
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate, LC, Italy.
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Mészáros P, Waxman E. TeV neutrinos from successful and choked gamma-ray bursts. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:171102. [PMID: 11690260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.171102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2001] [Revised: 06/01/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Core collapse of massive stars resulting in a relativistic fireball jet which breaks through the stellar envelope is a widely discussed scenario for gamma-ray burst production. For very extended or slow rotating stars, the jet may be unable to break through the envelope. Both penetrating and choked jets will produce, by photomeson interactions of accelerated protons, a burst of greater, greater than or similar to 5 TeV neutrinos while propagating in the envelope. The predicted flux, from both penetrating and choked jets, should be easily detectable by planned 1 km(3) neutrino telescopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mészáros
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Abstract
The jets associated with galactic microquasars are believed to be ejected by accreting stellar mass black holes or neutron stars. We show that if the energy content of the jets in the transient sources is dominated by electron-proton plasma, then a several hour outburst of 1-100 TeV neutrinos produced by photomeson interactions should precede the radio flares associated with major ejection events. Several neutrinos may be detected during a single outburst by a 1 km(2) detector, thereby providing a powerful probe of microquasar jet physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Levinson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Abstract
We show that as a Type II supernova shock breaks out of its progenitor star, it becomes collisionless and may accelerate protons to energies >10 TeV. Inelastic nuclear collisions of these protons produce an approximately 1 h long flash of TeV neutrinos and 10 GeV photons, about 10 h after the thermal (10 MeV) neutrino burst from the cooling neutron star. A Galactic supernova in a red supergiant star would produce a photon and neutrino flux of approximately 10(-4) erg cm(-2) s(-1). A km(2) neutrino detector will detect approximately 100 muons, thus allowing to constrain both supernova models and neutrino properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waxman
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of the various culture media used in the traditional workup in infectious keratitis. METHODS Microbiology data sheets from all corneal cultures performed at the University of California Davis Medical Center over a 1-year period were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Bacterial cultures were sent in 76 cases. In 19 cases, culture specimens from ulcers were plated onto blood, chocolate, and inhibitory mold agar and were inoculated into an anaerobic medium. In 58 cases, blood and chocolate agar were sent. In 70% of cases, blood and chocolate agar provided identical information. Inhibitory mold agar was positive twice in 39 plates sent. A fungal pathogen had been identified on chocolate agar plates sent for these cases. CONCLUSION In the evaluation of infectious keratitis, plating onto chocolate agar or blood agar alone is a reasonable alternative to sending multiple cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waxman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Davis, Sacramento 95816, USA
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O'Boyle JD, Magann EF, Waxman E, Martin JN. Dexamethasone-facilitated postponement of delivery of an extremely preterm pregnancy complicated by the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. Mil Med 1999; 164:316-8. [PMID: 10226464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with severe preeclampsia and the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP syndrome) are at increased risk for perinatal and maternal morbidity, especially in very preterm gestations. When this condition affects a pregnancy on the cusp of viability, a therapeutic intervention to prolong gestation without undue risk to the mother or fetus could be beneficial. METHOD A single case report and review of the literature. RESULT We report a patient with HELLP syndrome in whom antenatal administration of high-dose dexamethasone helped achieve disease stabilization and delivery postponement for 9 days of a very preterm fetus estimated to weight less than 600 g. Both mother and infant did well postpartum. CONCLUSION Administration of antenatal high-dose dexamethasone can be used in carefully selected preterm patients with HELLP syndrome to delay delivery while in utero fetal maturation is accelerated and the maternal condition is optimized. This can be beneficial in carefully selected pregnancies without apparent adverse maternal or perinatal impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D O'Boyle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Naval Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
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Hasselbacher CA, Rusinova E, Waxman E, Rusinova R, Kohanski RA, Lam W, Guha A, Du J, Lin TC, Polikarpov I. Environments of the four tryptophans in the extracellular domain of human tissue factor: comparison of results from absorption and fluorescence difference spectra of tryptophan replacement mutants with the crystal structure of the wild-type protein. Biophys J 1995; 69:20-9. [PMID: 7669897 PMCID: PMC1236221 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(95)79891-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The local environments of the four tryptophan residues of the extracellular domain of human tissue factor (sTF) were assessed from difference absorption and fluorescence spectra. The difference spectra were derived by subtracting spectra from single Trp-to-Phe or Trp-to-Tyr replacement mutants from the corresponding spectrum of the wild-type protein. Each of the mutants was capable of enhancing the proteolytic activity of factor VIIa showing that the mutations did not introduce major structural changes, although the mutants were more susceptible to denaturation by guanidinium chloride. The difference spectra indicate that the Trp residues are buried to different extents within the protein matrix. This evaluation was compared with the x-ray crystal structure of sTF. There is excellent agreement between predictions from the difference spectra and the environments of the Trp residues observed in the x-ray crystal structure, demonstrating that difference absorption and particularly fluorescence spectra derived from functional single-Trp replacement mutants can be used to obtain information about the local environments of individual Trp residues in multi-tryptophan proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hasselbacher
- Department of Biochemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Senear DF, Laue TM, Ross JB, Waxman E, Eaton S, Rusinova E. The primary self-assembly reaction of bacteriophage lambda cI repressor dimers is to octamer. Biochemistry 1993; 32:6179-89. [PMID: 8512927 DOI: 10.1021/bi00075a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative binding of the bacteriophage lambda cI repressor dimer to specific sites of the phage operators OR and OL controls the developmental state of the phage. It has long been believed that cooperativity is mediated by self-assembly of repressor dimers to form tetramers which can then bind simultaneously to adjacent operator sites. As a first step in defining the individual energy contributions to binding cooperativity, sedimentation equilibrium and steady-state fluorescence anisotropy methods have been used to study the higher order assembly reactions of the free repressor in solution. Wild-type repressor with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-OHTrp) substituted for the native tryptophan [Ross et al. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89, 12023-12027] and two mutant repressor proteins that bind cooperatively to OR but have altered dimerization properties were also studied. We report here that the primary assembly mode of all four proteins is dimer to octamer. It is not dimer to tetramer as previously assumed. While tetramer does form as an assembly intermediate, dimer-octamer assembly is a concerted process so that tetramer is never a predominant species in solution. Sedimentation velocity experiments suggest that the octamer is highly asymmetric, consistent with an elongated shape. This conformation could allow octamers to bind simultaneously to all three operator sites at either OR or OL. Examination of tetramer and octamer concentrations suggests that both species could be involved in cooperative repressor-operator interactions. Our previous work used the unique spectral properties of 5-OHTrp to demonstrate that octamer binds single-operator DNA and is not dissociated to tetramer [Laue et al. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 2469-2472]. Taken together with the results presented here, octamers as well as tetramers must be considered in developing models to explain the cooperativity of lambda cI repressor binding to operator DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Senear
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92717
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waxman
- Department of Biochemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York 10029
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Waxman E, Laws WR, Laue TM, Nemerson Y, Ross JB. Human factor VIIa and its complex with soluble tissue factor: evaluation of asymmetry and conformational dynamics by ultracentrifugation and fluorescence anisotropy decay methods. Biochemistry 1993; 32:3005-12. [PMID: 8457564 DOI: 10.1021/bi00063a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultracentrifugation and fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements were used to evaluate the asymmetry and conformational dynamics of human blood clotting enzyme VIIa (VIIa) and the complex it forms with a soluble truncation mutant of human tissue factor (sTF) which acts as an essential cofactor for VIIa. Sedimentation velocity experiments showed that both VIIa and the sTF.VIIa complex are highly asymmetric. In each case, the friction ratio f/fsphere, is consistent with a family of general elliposids ranging from prolate to oblate. Fluorescence anisotropy decay experiments were used to limit the family of elliposids which can describe the hydrodynamic behavior of VIIa and sTF.VIIa. For both VIIa and the sTF.VIIa complex, the oblate ellipsoid of revolution was eliminated. In addition, the fluorescence anisotropy decay data clearly show that upon binding sTF.VIIa loses a segmental motion involving a domain containing the active site of the enzyme. This suggests that sTF causes a stabilization of a limited range of VIIa conformations. This stabilization may be important for proper recognition of the TF.VIIa substrate, factor X.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waxman
- Department of Biochemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, New York 10029
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Ross JB, Senear DF, Waxman E, Kombo BB, Rusinova E, Huang YT, Laws WR, Hasselbacher CA. Spectral enhancement of proteins: biological incorporation and fluorescence characterization of 5-hydroxytryptophan in bacteriophage lambda cI repressor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:12023-7. [PMID: 1465434 PMCID: PMC50690 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.24.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used a tryptophan-requiring Escherichia coli auxotroph to replace the three tryptophan residues of lambda cI repressor with 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (5-OHTrp). By using a nonleaky promoter, we have achieved > 95% replacement of tryptophan in the repressor. We show that the absorbance and fluorescence properties of 5-OHTrp-lambda cI are clearly distinct from lambda cI repressor and that the fluorescence of 5-OHTrp-lambda cI repressor can be observed selectively in the presence of exogenous tryptophan. We also show that the 5-OHTrp-lambda cI repressor functional properties, as assessed by measurement of binding constants for self-association and for association to operator DNA, and structural properties, as assessed by fluorescence, are indistinguishable from the native repressor. Based on these results, we anticipate that the availability of spectrally enhanced proteins will significantly enhance the utility of both fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopies to study protein structure and function in complex interacting systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Ross
- Department of Biochemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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Waxman E, Ross JB, Laue TM, Guha A, Thiruvikraman SV, Lin TC, Konigsberg WH, Nemerson Y. Tissue factor and its extracellular soluble domain: the relationship between intermolecular association with factor VIIa and enzymatic activity of the complex. Biochemistry 1992; 31:3998-4003. [PMID: 1567850 DOI: 10.1021/bi00131a015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We find that the isolated, extracellular domain of tissue factor (TF1-218; sTF) exhibits only 4% of the activity of wild-type transmembrane TF (TF1-263) in an assay that measures the conversion of factor X to Xa by the TF:VIIa complex. Further, the activity of sTF is manifest only when vesicles consisting of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine (30/70 w/w) are present. To determine whether the decreased activity results from weakened affinity of sTF for VIIa, we studied their interaction using equilibrium ultracentrifugation, fluorescence anisotropy, and an activity titration. Ultracentrifugation of the sTF:VIIa complex established a stoichiometry of 1:1 and an upper limit of 1 nM for the equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd). This value is in agreement with titrations of dansyl-D-Phe-L-Phe-Arg chloromethyl ketone active site labeled VIIa (DF-VIIa) with sTF using dansyl fluorescence anisotropy as the observable. Pressure dissociation experiments were used to obtain quantitative values for the binding interaction. These experiments indicate that the Kd for the interaction of sTF with DF-VIIa is 0.59 nM (25 degrees C). This value may be compared to a Kd of 7.3 pM obtained by the same method for the interaction of DF-VIIa with TF1-263 reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine vesicles. The molar volume change of association was found to be 63 and 117 mL mol-1 for the interaction of DF-VIIa with sTF and TF1-263, respectively. These binding data show that the sTF:VIIa complex is quantitatively and qualitatively different from the complex formed by TF1-263 and VIIa.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waxman
- Department of Biochemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029
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