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Abratenko P, Aduszkiewicz A, Akbar F, Pons MA, Asaadi J, Aslin M, Babicz M, Badgett WF, Bagby LF, Baibussinov B, Behera B, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Benocci R, Berger J, Berkman S, Bertolucci S, Bertoni R, Betancourt M, Bettini M, Biagi S, Biery K, Bitter O, Bonesini M, Boone T, Bottino B, Braggiotti A, Brailsford D, Bremer J, Brice SJ, Brio V, Brizzolari C, Brown J, Budd HS, Calaon F, Campani A, Carber D, Carneiro M, Terrazas IC, Carranza H, Casazza D, Castellani L, Castro A, Centro S, Cerati G, Chalifour M, Chambouvet P, Chatterjee A, Cherdack D, Cherubini S, Chithirasreemadam N, Cicerchia M, Cicero V, Coan T, Cocco AG, Convery MR, Copello S, Cristaldo E, Dange AA, de Icaza Astiz I, De Roeck A, Di Domizio S, Di Noto L, Di Stefano C, Di Ferdinando D, Diwan M, Dolan S, Domine L, Donati S, Doubnik R, Drielsma F, Dyer J, Dytman S, Fabre C, Fabris F, Falcone A, Farnese C, Fava A, Ferguson H, Ferrari A, Ferraro F, Gallice N, Garcia FG, Geynisman M, Giarin M, Gibin D, Gigli SG, Gioiosa A, Gu W, Guerzoni M, Guglielmi A, Gurung G, Hahn S, Hardin K, Hausner H, Heggestuen A, Hilgenberg C, Hogan M, Howard B, Howell R, Hrivnak J, Iliescu M, Ingratta G, James C, Jang W, Jung M, Jwa YJ, Kashur L, Ketchum W, Kim JS, Koh DH, Kose U, Larkin J, Laurenti G, Lukhanin G, Marchini S, Marshall CM, Martynenko S, Mauri N, Mazzacane A, McFarland KS, Méndez DP, Menegolli A, Meng G, Miranda OG, Mladenov D, Mogan A, Moggi N, Montagna E, Montanari C, Montanari A, Mooney M, Moreno-Granados G, Mueller J, Naples D, Nebot-Guinot M, Nessi M, Nichols T, Nicoletto M, Norris B, Palestini S, Pallavicini M, Paolone V, Papaleo R, Pasqualini L, Patrizii L, Peghin R, Petrillo G, Petta C, Pia V, Pietropaolo F, Poirot J, Poppi F, Pozzato M, Prata MC, Prosser A, Putnam G, Qian X, Rampazzo G, Rappoldi A, Raselli GL, Rechenmacher R, Resnati F, Ricci AM, Riccobene G, Rice L, Richards E, Rigamonti A, Rosenberg M, Rossella M, Rubbia C, Sala P, Sapienza P, Savage G, Scaramelli A, Scarpelli A, Schmitz D, Schukraft A, Sergiampietri F, Sirri G, Smedley JS, Soha AK, Spanu M, Stanco L, Stewart J, Suarez NB, Sutera C, Tanaka HA, Tenti M, Terao K, Terranova F, Togo V, Torretta D, Torti M, Tortorici F, Tosi N, Tsai YT, Tufanli S, Turcato M, Usher T, Varanini F, Ventura S, Vercellati F, Vicenzi M, Vignoli C, Viren B, Warner D, Williams Z, Wilson RJ, Wilson P, Wolfs J, Wongjirad T, Wood A, Worcester E, Worcester M, Wospakrik M, Yu H, Yu J, Zani A, Zatti PG, Zennamo J, Zettlemoyer JC, Zhang C, Zucchelli S, Zuckerbrot M. ICARUS at the Fermilab Short-Baseline Neutrino program: initial operation. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2023; 83:467. [PMID: 37303462 PMCID: PMC10239613 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ICARUS collaboration employed the 760-ton T600 detector in a successful 3-year physics run at the underground LNGS laboratory, performing a sensitive search for LSND-like anomalous ν e appearance in the CERN Neutrino to Gran Sasso beam, which contributed to the constraints on the allowed neutrino oscillation parameters to a narrow region around 1 eV2 . After a significant overhaul at CERN, the T600 detector has been installed at Fermilab. In 2020 the cryogenic commissioning began with detector cool down, liquid argon filling and recirculation. ICARUS then started its operations collecting the first neutrino events from the booster neutrino beam (BNB) and the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beam off-axis, which were used to test the ICARUS event selection, reconstruction and analysis algorithms. ICARUS successfully completed its commissioning phase in June 2022. The first goal of the ICARUS data taking will be a study to either confirm or refute the claim by Neutrino-4 short-baseline reactor experiment. ICARUS will also perform measurement of neutrino cross sections with the NuMI beam and several Beyond Standard Model searches. After the first year of operations, ICARUS will search for evidence of sterile neutrinos jointly with the Short-Baseline Near Detector, within the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. In this paper, the main activities carried out during the overhauling and installation phases are highlighted. Preliminary technical results from the ICARUS commissioning data with the BNB and NuMI beams are presented both in terms of performance of all ICARUS subsystems and of capability to select and reconstruct neutrino events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Akbar
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - M. Artero Pons
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - M. Aslin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Present Address: University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - M. Babicz
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- INP-Polish Acad. Sci, Kraków, Poland
- Present Address: University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - W. F. Badgett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. F. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Baibussinov
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - V. Bellini
- INFN Sezione di Catania and University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - R. Benocci
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - J. Berger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Bertolucci
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Bertoni
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Bettini
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - O. Bitter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Present Address: Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| | - M. Bonesini
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - T. Boone
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - B. Bottino
- INFN Sezione di Genova and University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - A. Braggiotti
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Istituto di Neuroscienze, CNR, Padua, Italy
| | - D. Brailsford
- SBND Collaboration, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Brio
- INFN Sezione di Catania and University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - C. Brizzolari
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - J. Brown
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. S. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - F. Calaon
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Campani
- INFN Sezione di Genova and University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - D. Carber
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Carneiro
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - D. Casazza
- INFN Sezione di Genova and University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - L. Castellani
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Castro
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Centro
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - P. Chambouvet
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | | | | | - M. Cicerchia
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - V. Cicero
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | | | - M. R. Convery
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Copello
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - E. Cristaldo
- SBND Collaboration, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - A. A. Dange
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - S. Di Domizio
- INFN Sezione di Genova and University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - L. Di Noto
- INFN Sezione di Genova and University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - D. Di Ferdinando
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Doubnik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - J. Dyer
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - S. Dytman
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - C. Fabre
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - F. Fabris
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Falcone
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - C. Farnese
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Fava
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Ferguson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - F. Ferraro
- INFN Sezione di Genova and University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - F. G. Garcia
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Geynisman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Giarin
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - D. Gibin
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - S. G. Gigli
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Guerzoni
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Guglielmi
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G. Gurung
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Hardin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Hausner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Heggestuen
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - C. Hilgenberg
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
- Present Address: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - M. Hogan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Hrivnak
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M. Iliescu
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Present Address: INFN-LNF, Frascati, Italy
| | - G. Ingratta
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Jang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - M. Jung
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
- SBND Collaboration, Batavia, USA
| | - Y.-J. Jwa
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. S. Kim
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - D.-H. Koh
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Present Address: ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Larkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Laurenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G. Lukhanin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Marchini
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - N. Mauri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - D. P. Méndez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G. Meng
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - A. Mogan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Moggi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E. Montagna
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- On leave of absence from INFN Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Montanari
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - G. Moreno-Granados
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - M. Nessi
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - T. Nichols
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Nicoletto
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - B. Norris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M. Pallavicini
- INFN Sezione di Genova and University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - L. Pasqualini
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Patrizii
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R. Peghin
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- INFN Sezione di Catania and University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - V. Pia
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- On leave of absence from INFN Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Poirot
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - F. Poppi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Pozzato
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. C. Prata
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Prosser
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Putnam
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Rampazzo
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Rappoldi
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - G. L. Raselli
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - R. Rechenmacher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | | | - L. Rice
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - E. Richards
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Rigamonti
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Rossella
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - P. Sala
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Sergiampietri
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- Present Address: IPSI-INAF Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - G. Sirri
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - A. K. Soha
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Spanu
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Stanco
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - N. B. Suarez
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - C. Sutera
- INFN Sezione di Catania and University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - H. A. Tanaka
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - F. Terranova
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - V. Togo
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D. Torretta
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Torti
- INFN Sezione di Milano Bicocca and University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - F. Tortorici
- INFN Sezione di Catania and University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - N. Tosi
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - M. Turcato
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Acceleratory Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - F. Varanini
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Ventura
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - F. Vercellati
- INFN Sezione di Pavia and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M. Vicenzi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - P. Wilson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Wolfs
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - A. Wood
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Wospakrik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Zani
- INFN Sezione di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P. G. Zatti
- INFN Sezione di Padova and University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. Zucchelli
- INFN Sezione di Bologna and University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M. Zuckerbrot
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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Evaluation of prognostic risk models for postoperative pulmonary complications in adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e520-e531. [PMID: 35750401 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stratifying risk of postoperative pulmonary complications after major abdominal surgery allows clinicians to modify risk through targeted interventions and enhanced monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify and validate prognostic models against a new consensus definition of postoperative pulmonary complications. METHODS We did a systematic review and international external validation cohort study. The systematic review was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched MEDLINE and Embase on March 1, 2020, for articles published in English that reported on risk prediction models for postoperative pulmonary complications following abdominal surgery. External validation of existing models was done within a prospective international cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing major abdominal surgery. Data were collected between Jan 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, in the UK, Ireland, and Australia. Discriminative ability and prognostic accuracy summary statistics were compared between models for the 30-day postoperative pulmonary complication rate as defined by the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine Core Outcome Measures in Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care (StEP-COMPAC). Model performance was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC). FINDINGS In total, we identified 2903 records from our literature search; of which, 2514 (86·6%) unique records were screened, 121 (4·8%) of 2514 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 29 unique prognostic models were identified. Nine (31·0%) of 29 models had score development reported only, 19 (65·5%) had undergone internal validation, and only four (13·8%) had been externally validated. Data to validate six eligible models were collected in the international external validation cohort study. Data from 11 591 patients were available, with an overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate of 7·8% (n=903). None of the six models showed good discrimination (defined as AUROCC ≥0·70) for identifying postoperative pulmonary complications, with the Assess Respiratory Risk in Surgical Patients in Catalonia score showing the best discrimination (AUROCC 0·700 [95% CI 0·683-0·717]). INTERPRETATION In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic data, variability in the risk of pulmonary complications (StEP-COMPAC definition) following major abdominal surgery was poorly described by existing prognostication tools. To improve surgical safety during the COVID-19 pandemic recovery and beyond, novel risk stratification tools are required. FUNDING British Journal of Surgery Society.
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