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Siddiqui MA, Wahab R, Saquib Q, Ahmad J, Farshori NN, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Al-Massarani SM, Al-Khedhairy AA. Iron oxide nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127302. [PMID: 37734210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnology and material science have developed enormously fast in recent years. Due to their excellent magnetic properties, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been broadly applied in the field of bioengineering and biomedical. Thus, it is important to evaluate the safety issues and health effects of these nanomaterials. The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of IONPs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS The cytotoxic potential of IONPs was assessed by MTT and neutral red uptake (NRU) assays. The impact of IONPs on oxidative stress markers (glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO)), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was also examined. Furthermore, the toxic effect of IONPs was quantified by assessing DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis by quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS We found that IONPs induce a dose-dependent cytotoxicity on HUVECs with IC50 value of 79.13 μg/mL. The results also displayed that IONPs induce oxidative stress, ROS production, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction. The comet assay results exhibited IONPs induces DNA damage in HUVECs. We found significant cell cycle arrest at SubG1 phase in treated cells and consequent cell death was evidenced by microscopic analysis. Moreover, IONPs display substantial up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic gene evidenced by real time qPCR. CONCLUSION Overall, our results clearly demonstrated that IONPs have the potential to induce cytotoxicity, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in HUVECs mediated through oxidative stress and ROS production. Thus, IONPs are cytotoxic and it should be handled with proper care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rizwan Wahab
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida N Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza M Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Sheddi ES, Alsohaibani N, bin Rshoud N, Al-Oqail MM, Al-Massarani SM, Farshori NN, Malik T, Al-Khedhairy AA, Siddiqui MA. Anticancer efficacy of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Artemisia monosperma against human breast cancer cells. South African Journal of Botany 2023; 160:123-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
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Farshori NN, Siddiqui MA, Al-Oqail MM, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Massarani SM, Ahamed M, Ahmad J, Al-Khedhairy AA. Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibit Cell Death Through Oxidative Stress Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells: a Mechanistic Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:5042-5051. [PMID: 35000107 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are purposefully used to inhibit the growth of bacteria, algae, and fungi. Several studies on the beneficial and harmful effects of CuONPs have been conducted in vivo and in vitro, but there are a few studies that explain the toxicity of CuONPs in human airway epithelial cells (HEp-2). As a result, the purpose of this study is to look into the dose-dependent toxicity of CuONPs in HEp-2 cells. After 24 h of exposure to 1-40 µg/ml CuONPs, the MTT and neutral red assays were used to test for cytotoxicity. To determine the mechanism(s) of cytotoxicity in HEp-2 cells, additional oxidative stress assays (LPO and GSH), the amount of ROS produced, the loss of MMP, caspase enzyme activities, and apoptosis-related genes were performed using qRT-PCR. CuONPs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HEp-2 cells, with an IC50 value of ~ 10 μg/ml. The morphology of HEp-2 cells was also altered in a dose-dependent manner. The involvement of oxidative stress in CuONP-induced cytotoxicity was demonstrated by increased LPO levels and ROS generation, as well as decreased levels of GSH and MMP. Furthermore, activated caspase enzymes and altered apoptotic genes support CuONPs' ability to induce apoptosis in HEp-2 cells. Overall, this study demonstrated that CuONPs can cause apoptosis in HEp-2 cells via oxidative stress; therefore, CuONPs may pose a risk to human health and should be handled and used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida N Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- DNA Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mai M Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza M Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqusood Ahamed
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Ahmad
- DNA Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- DNA Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Massarani SM, El-Gamal AA, Al-Rehaily AJ, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Oqail MM, Farshori NN, Estep AS, Tabanca N, Becnel JJ. Insecticidal Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Properties of Isolated Phytoconstituents from the Saudi Plant Nuxia oppositifolia (Hochst.). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040914. [PMID: 33572261 PMCID: PMC7915531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic purification of the alcoholic extract from the aerial parts of the Saudi plant Nuxia oppositifolia (Hochst.), Benth., resulted in five isolated phenolic compounds. Two flavones, hispidulin (1) and jaceosidin (2), and the phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (3), isoverbascoside (4), and conandroside (5), were identified and their chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. The insecticidal activity of compounds 1 and 2, in addition to 11 compounds isolated in a previous research (6-16), was evaluated against the Yellow Fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Four compounds displayed adulticidal activity with LD50 values of 2-2.3 μg/mosquito. Free radical scavenging properties of the plant extracts and compounds (1-5) were evaluated by measuring the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate radical cation (ABTS•+) scavenging activity. All compounds exhibited notable activity, compared with the positive control, l-Ascorbic acid. This study suggests that N. oppositifolia could be a promising source of secondary metabolites, some with lethal adulticidal effect against Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza M. Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ali A. El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, El-Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adnan J. Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
| | - Ebtesam S. Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
| | - Mai M. Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
| | - Nida N. Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.E.-G.); (A.J.A.-R.); (E.S.A.-S.); (M.M.A.-O.); (N.N.F.)
| | - Alden S. Estep
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (A.S.E.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Nurhayat Tabanca
- USDA-ARS, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Rd., Miami, FL 33158, USA;
| | - James J. Becnel
- USDA, ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; (A.S.E.); (J.J.B.)
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Al-Haidari RA, Abdallah NA, Al-Oqail MM, Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Massarani SM, Farshori NN. Nanoparticles based solid contact potentiometric sensor for the determination of theophylline in different types of tea extract. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Al-Sheddi ES, Al-Zaid NA, Al-Oqail MM, Al-Massarani SM, El-Gamal AA, Farshori NN. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by Anethum graveolens L . essential oil in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:1053-1060. [PMID: 31997913 PMCID: PMC6978617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anethum graveolens L. (A. graveolens) commonly known as dill, is an essential oil bearing plant extensively being used in traditional system of medicine. However, the reports on the components and biological responses of A. graveolens essential oil (AG-EO) from Saudi Arabia are scarce. The present study was designed to explore the presence of basic constituents and apoptosis induced by AG-EO in HepG2 cells. The constituents in AG-EO was analyzed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Cytotoxicity of AG-EO was measured by MTT assay and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis assays were conducted by using flow cytometer. Based on GC-MS analysis, the main constituents present in AG-EO were carvone (53.130%), dillapole (25.420%), dihydrocarvone 2 (11.350%) and dihydrocarvone 1 (6.260%). A few other minor components were also identified viz. cis-dihydrocarveol (0.690%), limonene (0.580%), isodihydrocarveol (0.370%), myristicin (0.210%) and cis-arsone (0.190%). The cytotoxicity results showed that AG-EO decrease the cell viability and inhibit the cell growth of HepG2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory activity of AG-EO was found with IC50 = 59.6 ± 5.64. The cell cycle arrest results showed that HepG2 cells exposed to AG-EO exhibited an increase in G2/M and pre-G1 cell population after 24 h exposure. Furthermore, the flow cytometry data revealed the primarily activation of cell death by apoptosis manners in HepG2 cells exposed to AG-EO. Overall, results from this study highlighted the anticancer potential of AG-EO, which could be considered as a new agent for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam S. Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A. Al-Zaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaza M. Al-Massarani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nida N. Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Sheddi ES. Cytotoxic Potential of Petroleum ether, Ethyl Acetate, Chloroform, and Ethanol Extracts of Lavandula Coronopifolia Against Human Breast Carcinoma Cell line (MDA-MB-321). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2943-2949. [PMID: 31653139 PMCID: PMC6982652 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.2943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cause of deaths in women. The search for traditionally used medicinal plants which can serve as non-toxic and affordable anticancer drugs is the need of the hour. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer potential of extracts of L. coronopifolia against human breast carcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-321). METHODS The MDA-MB-231 cells were plated in 96 well plates and exposed to 10-1,000 μg/ml of L. coronopifolia for 24 h. The cytotoxic response of different extracts was measured by MTT assay, neutral red uptake (NRU) assay and cellular morphological alterations under the microscope. RESULTS A concentration-dependent decrease in the cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was observed after the exposure of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and ethanol extracts of L. coronopifolia. The cell viability was found to be 82%, 89% and 98% at 1000, 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively in petroleum ether, 37%, 75% and 88% at 1,000, 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively in ethyl acetate extract, 30%, 35% and 64% at 1,000, 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively in chloroform extract and 44%, 65% and 82% at 1000, 500 and 250 μg/ml, respectively in ethanolic extract of L. coronopifolia exposed MDA-MB-231 cells. The results also exhibited morphological alterations in MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to various extracts. The cells treated with 250- 1000 μg/ml lost their original morphology and cell linkage as compared to control cells. CONCLUSION These preliminary results suggest the promising anticancer potential of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and ethanol extracts of L. coronopifolia against MDA-MB-321 cells. Further studies are required to know the mechanism(s) involved in the cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Nur-E-Alam M, Yousaf M, Ahmed S, Al-Sheddi ES, Parveen I, Fazakerley DM, Bari A, Ghabbour HA, Threadgill MD, Whatley KCL, Hoffmann KF, Al-Rehaily AJ. Neoclerodane Diterpenoids from Reehal Fatima, Teucrium yemense. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:1900-1908. [PMID: 28581290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Teucrium yemense (Defl), locally known as Reehal Fatima, is a medicinal plant commonly grown in Saudi Arabia and Yemen. Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of T. yemense yielded six new neoclerodane diterpenoids, namely fatimanol A-E (1, 2, 3, 5, and 6) and fatimanone (4), and the known teulepicephin (7). As both the Teucrium genus and the related Lamiaceae family have previously been widely reported to possess anthelmintic and antimicrobial activities, the structural and biological characterization of the seven diterpenoids was pursued. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from their 2D NMR and MS profiles and by comparison to related compounds. The structure of fatimanol D (5) was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The new structures contribute to the breadth of knowledge of secondary metabolites in this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ifat Parveen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - David M Fazakerley
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael D Threadgill
- Drug & Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kezia C L Whatley
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
| | - Karl F Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University , Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, United Kingdom
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Al-Sheddi ES, Farshori NN, Al-Oqail MM, Al- Massarani SM, Al Salem AM, Musarrat J, Al- Khedhairy AA, Siddiqui MA. Portulaca oleracea Linn seed extract ameliorates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in human liver cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and oxidative stress. TROP J PHARM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v15i8.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Al-Oqail MM, Siddiqui MA, Al-Sheddi ES, Saquib Q, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Farshori NN. Verbesina encelioides: cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative DNA damage in human liver cancer (HepG2) cell line. BMC Complement Altern Med 2016; 16:126. [PMID: 27161012 PMCID: PMC4862229 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a major health problem and exploiting natural products have been one of the most successful methods to combat this disease. Verbesina encelioides is a notorious weed with various pharmacological properties. The aim of the present investigation was to screen the anticancer potential of V. encelioides extract against human lung cancer (A-549), breast cancer (MCF-7), and liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines. METHODS A-549, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells were exposed to various concentrations of (10-1000 μg/ml) of V. encelioides for 24 h. Further, cytotoxic concentrations (250, 500, and 1000 μg/ml) of V. encelioides induced oxidative stress (GSH and LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage in HepG2 cells were studied. RESULTS The exposure of cells to 10-1000 μg/ml of extract for 24 h, revealed the concentrations 250-1000 μg/ml was cytotoxic against MCF-7 and HepG2 cells, but not against A-549 cells. Moreover, the extract showed higher decrease in the cell viability against HepG2 cells than MCF-7 cells. Therefore, HepG2 cells were selected for further studies viz. oxidative stress (GSH and LPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage. The results revealed differential anticancer activity of V. encelioides against A-549, MCF-7 and HepG2 cells. A significant induction of oxidative stress, ROS generation, and MMP levels was observed in HepG2 cells. The cell cycle analysis and comet assay showed that V. encelioides significantly induced G2/M arrests and DNA damage. CONCLUSION These results indicate that V. encelioides possess substantial cytotoxic potential and may warrant further investigation to develop potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida N Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Al-Oqail MM, Al-Sheddi ES, Siddiqui MA, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Farshori NN. Anticancer Activity of Chloroform Extract and Sub-fractions of Nepeta deflersiana on Human Breast and Lung Cancer Cells: An In vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 11:S598-605. [PMID: 27013801 PMCID: PMC4787095 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. The plant-derived natural products have received considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological properties including anticancer effects. Nepeta deflersiana (ND) is used in the folk medicine as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and for treating rheumatic disorders. However, the anticancer activity of ND chloroform extract has not been explored so far. Objectives: The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer activities of chloroform Nepeta deflersiana extract and various sub-fractions (ND-1–ND-15) of ND against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human lung cancer cells (A-549). Materials and Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake assays, and cellular morphological alterations using phase contrast light microscope were studied. Cells were exposed with 10–1000 μg/ml of sub-fractions of ND for 24 h. Results: Results showed that selected sub-fractions of the chloroform extract significantly reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and A-549 cells, and altered the cellular morphology in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the sub-fractions, ND-10 fraction showed relatively higher cytotoxicity compared to other fractions whereas, ND-1 did not cause any cytotoxicity even at higher concentrations. The A-549 cells were found to be more sensitive to growth inhibition by all the extracts as compared to the MCF-7 cells. Conclusion: The present study provides preliminary screening of anticancer activities of chloroform extract and sub-fractions of ND, which can be further used for the development of a potential therapeutic anticancer agent. SUMMARY Nepeta deflersiana extract exhibit cytotoxicity and altered the cellular morphology. Sub-fractions of the chloroform extract of Nepeta deflersiana reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and A-549 cells. Among the sub-fractions, ND-10 fraction showed relatively higher cytotoxicity. The A-549 cells were found to be more sensitive as compared to the MCF-7 cells.
Abbreviations used: MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; NRU: Neutral red uptake; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified eagle medium; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- Department of Zoology, Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Zoology, Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Department of Zoology, Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida N Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Al-Sheddi ES, Farshori NN, Al-Oqail MM, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Siddiqui MA. Protective effect of Lepidium sativum seed extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in human liver cells (HepG2). Pharm Biol 2015; 54:314-321. [PMID: 25885937 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1035795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Garden cress [Lepidium sativum (Brassicaceae)] has been widely used to treat a number of ailments in traditional medicine. The pharmacological and preventive potential of Lepidium sativum, such as anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antihypertensive, anti-ashthamatic, anticancer, and anti-oxidant, are well known. OBJECTIVE The present investigation was designed to study the protective effects of chloroform extract of Lepidium sativum seed (LSE) against oxidative stress and cytotoxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human liver cells (HepG2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity of LSE and H2O2 was identified by (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red uptake (NRU) assays, and morphological changes in HepG2. The cells were pre-exposed to biologically safe concentrations (5-25 μg/ml) of LSE for 24 h, and then cytotoxic (0.25 mM) concentration of H2O2 was added. After 24 h of the exposures, cell viability by MTT, NRU assays, and morphological changes in HepG2 were evaluated. Further, protective effects of LSE on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels induced by H2O2 were studied. RESULTS Pre-exposure of LSE significantly attenuated the loss of cell viability up to 48% at 25 µg/ml concentration against H2O2 (LD50 value = 2.5 mM). Results also showed that LSE at 25 µg/ml concentration significantly inhibited the induction of ROS generation (45%) and LPO (56%), and increases the MMP (55%) and GSH levels (46%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The study suggests the cytoprotective effects of LSE against H2O2-induced toxicity in HepG2. The results also demonstrate the anti-oxidative nature of LSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam S Al-Sheddi
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida N Farshori
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M Al-Oqail
- a Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- b Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and
- c Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- b Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and
- c Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A Siddiqui
- b Department of Zoology , College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia , and
- c Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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