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Paz MGOD, Bezerra MF, Mendes AF, da Silva A, Lima GBD, Gil LHVG, Pena LJ, Diniz GTN, Drexler JF, Oriá RB, Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho E, Reis CRDS. Development of a New Multispecies Protein A-Based ELISA for Serodiagnosis of Hepatitis E Infection with Validation in Domestic Swine. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024. [PMID: 38708682 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infects roughly 20 million people worldwide, causing self-limiting acute hepatic disease that can evolve into a chronic course. HEV-3, HEV-4, and HEV-7 genotypes are zoonotic and transmitted to humans by consuming raw or undercooked meat. Here, we developed an indirect ELISA based on the recombinant HEV-3 capsid and performed a seroprevalence study on domestic swine in northeastern Brazil. Our in-house ELISA was initially validated using a subset of 79 sera characterized by concordant results for two distinct commercial ELISA kits. Our ELISA exhibited excellent sensitivity (94%) and specificity (100%), with an area under the curve of 0.99 Further testing, including 212 swine sera, revealed a seroprevalence of 57.5% (95% confidence interval, 50.6-64.3%). Our findings indicate that the novel ELISA test could accurately detect specific anti-HEV antibodies in domestic pigs and should be further validated in humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrei Félix Mendes
- Department of Microbiology-Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Adalucia da Silva
- Department of Microbiology-Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Barbosa de Lima
- Department of Microbiology-Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Lindomar José Pena
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - George Tadeu Nunes Diniz
- Statistics and Geoprocessing Center, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinaldo Barreto Oriá
- Laboratory of the Biology of Tissue Healing, Ontogeny and Nutrition, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Fernandes FD, Tagarra LG, Roman IJ, Moraes DADO, Rodrigues D, de Andrade CM, Bräunig P, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Cargnelutti JF, Sangioni LA, Vogel FSF. Increased frequency of detection of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic cats after outbreak of human toxoplasmosis. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:73. [PMID: 38150060 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis affects various organisms, including humans. In 2018, the largest outbreak of human toxoplasmosis described so far was reported in southern Brazil, with 809 human cases reported, and water as the potentially primary source of infection. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic cats before and after the human toxoplasmosis outbreak, as well as the potential for environmental contamination by the number of cats infected after the outbreak. We evaluated 381 serum samples from domestic cats in southern Brazil, using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, with samples considered positive at a titer of 1:20. We found that 73% (204/279) and 27% (75/279) of the samples analyzed before the outbreak were negative and positive, respectively. After the outbreak, 62% (69/112) were negative of the samples were and 38% (43/112) were positive. Notably, the proportion of positive samples before the outbreak before (27%) was significantly lower than that after the outbreak (38%; P = 0.020). Therefore, the increased seroprevalence of T. gondii in cats was probably correlated with the ingestion of contaminated water. Therefore, it is important to monitor animals, mainly definitive hosts, after toxoplasmosis outbreaks, considering that these animals can contaminate the environment and, consequently, humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagner D'Ambroso Fernandes
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
- Centro Universitário Ritter Dos Reis (UniRitter), Av. Manoel Elias, nº 2001, Bairro Passo das Pedras, 91240-261, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.
| | - Larissa Godoy Tagarra
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Isac Junior Roman
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Denis Altieri de Oliveira Moraes
- Departamento de Estatística (DE), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas (CCNE), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 13, Sala 1208, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Daniele Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinária (LACVET), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 97, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Veterinária (LACVET), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Hospital Veterinário Universitário (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 97, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
- Departamento de Clínica de Pequenos Animais (DCPA), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 97, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria-RS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Patricia Bräunig
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | | | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia (LABAC), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Luis Antonio Sangioni
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias (LADOPAR), Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP), Centro de Ciências Rurais (CCR), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, nº1000, Prédio 63D, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Salas-Rojas M, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Almazán-Marín C, Rodas-Martínez AZ, Aguilar-Setién Á, Drexler JF. Serological evidence for potential yellow fever virus infection in non-human primates, southeastern Mexico. One Health Outlook 2023; 5:14. [PMID: 37876014 PMCID: PMC10594671 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-023-00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthropod-borne flaviviruses like dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) are major human pathogens. In Latin America, YFV is maintained in sylvatic cycles involving non-human primates (NHP) and forest-dwelling mosquitos. YFV supposedly does not circulate north of Panama. METHODS We conducted a serologic study for flaviviruses and other emerging viruses in NHP from southeastern Mexico. A total of thirty sera of black-handed spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi, n = 25), black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra, n = 3), and mantled howler monkeys (Al. palliata, n = 2) sampled in 2012 and 2018 were screened by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to detected IgG antibodies against DENV, YFV, Zika virus (ZIKV), West Nile virus (WNV), Rift Valley fever virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and Zaire Ebola virus, and confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT90) representing all mosquito-borne flavivirus serocomplexes circulating in the Americas. RESULTS A total of 16 sera (53.3%; 95% CI, 34.3-71.7) showed IFA reactivity to at least one tested flavivirus with end-point titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:1000. No serum reacted with other viruses. Monotypic and high mean PRNT90 endpoint YFV titers of 1:246 were found in 3 black-handed spider monkey sera (10.0%; 95% CI, 2.1-26.5) sampled in 2018 in Tabasco, compared to all other flaviviruses tested. Monotypic endpoint PRNT90 titers of 1:28 for Ilheus virus and 1:22 for WNV in serum of black howler monkeys sampled in 2018 in Tabasco suggested additional flavivirus exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may suggest unnoticed YFV circulation. Intensification of YFV surveillance in NHP and vectors is warranted in Mexico and potentially other areas considered free of yellow fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Salas-Rojas
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cenia Almazán-Marín
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Alba Zulema Rodas-Martínez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Álvaro Aguilar-Setién
- UIM en Inmunología, UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site Charité, Berlin, Germany.
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Dos Santos DRL, Durães-Carvalho R, Gardinali NR, Machado LC, de Paula VS, da Luz Wallau G, de Oliveira JM, Pena LJ, Pinto MA, Gil LHVG, de Oliveira-Filho EF. Uncovering neglected subtypes and zoonotic transmission of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Brazil. Virol J 2023; 20:83. [PMID: 37131237 PMCID: PMC10152778 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation in humans and swine has been extensively studied in South America over the last two decades. Nevertheless, only 2.1% of reported HEV strains are available as complete genome sequences. Therefore, many clinical, epidemiological, and evolutionary aspects of circulating HEV in the continent still need to be clarified. Here, we conducted a retrospective evolutionary analysis of one human case and six swine HEV strains previously reported in northeastern, southern, and southeastern Brazil. We obtained two complete and four nearly complete genomic sequences. Evolutionary analysis comparing the whole genomic and capsid gene sequences revealed high genetic variability. This included the circulation of at least one unrecognized unique South American subtype. Our results corroborate that sequencing the whole capsid gene could be used as an alternative for HEV subtype assignment in the absence of complete genomic sequences. Moreover, our results substantiate the evidence for zoonotic transmission by comparing a larger genomic fragment recovered from the sample of the autochthonous human hepatitis E case. Further studies should continuously investigate HEV genetic diversity and zoonotic transmission of HEV in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Regina Lopes Dos Santos
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM- FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Durães-Carvalho
- São Paulo School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Structural and Functional Biology, UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noemi Rovaris Gardinali
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia (LADTV) , Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Virológica (LATEV) , Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Biomanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lais Ceschini Machado
- Department of Entomology and Bioinformatic Core, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Fiocruz, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC- FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Luz Wallau
- Department of Entomology and Bioinformatic Core, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Fiocruz, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Arbovirus and Hemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, National Reference Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Mendes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia (LADTV) , Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lindomar José Pena
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM- FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia (LADTV) , Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Virology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM- FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Haage V, Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho E, Moreira-Soto A, Kühne A, Fischer C, Sacks JA, Corman VM, Müller MA, Drosten C, Drexler JF. Impaired performance of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests at elevated and low temperatures. J Clin Virol 2021; 138:104796. [PMID: 33773413 PMCID: PMC7962993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Analytical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs ranges from 1.0 × 106-5.5 × 107 copies/mL. Even short-term exposure to 37 °C reduces sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs. Elevated temperatures impair sensitivity at clinically relevant virus concentrations. Low temperatures limit SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT specificity. Storage and operation of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs at recommended conditions is essential.
Antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) can complement molecular diagnostics for COVID-19. The recommended temperature for storage of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs ranges between 2−30 °C. In the global South, mean temperatures can exceed 30 °C. In the global North, Ag-RDTs are often used in external testing facilities at low ambient temperatures. We assessed analytical sensitivity and specificity of eleven commercially-available SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs using different storage and operational temperatures, including short- or long-term storage and operation at recommended temperatures or at either 2−4 °C or at 37 °C. The limits of detection of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs under recommended conditions ranged from 1.0×106- 5.5×107 genome copies/mL of infectious SARS-CoV-2 cell culture supernatant. Despite long-term storage at recommended conditions, 10 min pre-incubation of Ag-RDTs and testing at 37 °C resulted in about ten-fold reduced sensitivity for five out of 11 SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs, including both Ag-RDTs currently listed for emergency use by the World Health Organization. After 3 weeks of storage at 37 °C, eight of the 11 SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs exhibited about ten-fold reduced sensitivity. Specificity of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs using cell culture supernatant from common respiratory viruses was not affected by storage and testing at 37 °C, whereas false-positive results occurred at outside temperatures of 2−4 °C for two out of six tested Ag-RDTs, again including an Ag-RDT recommended by the WHO. In summary, elevated temperatures impair sensitivity, whereas low temperatures impair specificity of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs. Consequences may include false-negative test results at clinically relevant virus concentrations compatible with transmission and false-positive results entailing unwarranted quarantine assignments. Storage and operation of SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs at recommended conditions is essential for successful usage during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Haage
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andres Moreira-Soto
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arne Kühne
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlo Fischer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jilian A Sacks
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Max Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Jo WK, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Rasche A, Greenwood AD, Osterrieder K, Drexler JF. Potential zoonotic sources of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1824-1834. [PMID: 33034151 PMCID: PMC7675418 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causing coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) likely has evolutionary origins in other animals than humans based on genetically related viruses existing in rhinolophid bats and pangolins. Similar to other animal coronaviruses, SARS‐CoV‐2 contains a functional furin cleavage site in its spike protein, which may broaden the SARS‐CoV‐2 host range and affect pathogenesis. Whether ongoing zoonotic infections are possible in addition to efficient human‐to‐human transmission remains unclear. In contrast, human‐to‐animal transmission can occur based on evidence provided from natural and experimental settings. Carnivores, including domestic cats, ferrets and minks, appear to be particularly susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2 in contrast to poultry and other animals reared as livestock such as cattle and swine. Epidemiologic evidence supported by genomic sequencing corroborated mink‐to‐human transmission events in farm settings. Airborne transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 between experimentally infected cats additionally substantiates the possibility of cat‐to‐human transmission. To evaluate the COVID‐19 risk represented by domestic and farmed carnivores, experimental assessments should include surveillance and health assessment of domestic and farmed carnivores, characterization of the immune interplay between SARS‐CoV‐2 and carnivore coronaviruses, determination of the SARS‐CoV‐2 host range beyond carnivores and identification of human risk groups such as veterinarians and farm workers. Strategies to mitigate the risk of zoonotic SARS‐CoV‐2 infections may have to be developed in a One Health framework and non‐pharmaceutical interventions may have to consider free‐roaming animals and the animal farming industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy K Jo
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Rasche
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex D Greenwood
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Oliveira-Filho EFD, Dos Santos DR, Durães-Carvalho R, da Silva A, de Lima GB, Batista Filho AFB, Pena LJ, Gil LH. Evolutionary study of potentially zoonotic hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from swine in Northeast Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2019; 114:e180585. [PMID: 31166480 PMCID: PMC6547807 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging virus associated with acute hepatic disease, leads to thousands of deaths worldwide. HEV has already been reported in Brazil; however, there is a lack of epidemiological and molecular information on the genetic variability, taxonomy, and evolution of HEV. It is thus unclear whether hepatitis E is a neglected disease in Brazil or it has low relevance for public health in this country. Here, for the first time, we report the presence of HEV in Northeast Brazil. A total of 119 swine faecal samples were screened for the presence of HEV RNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and further confirmed by conventional RT-PCR; among these, two samples were identified as positive. Molecular evolution analyses based on capsid sequences revealed that the samples had close proximities to HEV sequences belonging to genotype 3 and were genetically related to subtype 3f isolated in humans. Parsimony ancestral states analysis indicated gene flow events from HEV cross-species infection, suggesting an important role of pig hosts in viral spillover. HEV’s ability for zoonotic transmission by inter-species host switching as well as its possible adaptation to new animal species remain important issues for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Virologia, Recife, PE, Brasil.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Debora Rl Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Veterinária, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Durães-Carvalho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Virologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Adalúcia da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Virologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Gustavo Barbosa de Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | | | - Lindomar J Pena
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Virologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Laura Hvg Gil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Virologia, Recife, PE, Brasil
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Silva JVJ, Lopes TRR, Oliveira-Filho EFD, Oliveira RADS, Gil LHVG. Perspectives on the Zika outbreak: herd immunity, antibody-dependent enhancement and vaccine. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2017; 59:e21. [PMID: 28423096 PMCID: PMC5441000 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201759021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José Valter Joaquim Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thaísa Regina Rocha Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Setor de Virologia, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Renato Antonio Dos Santos Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Laura Helena Vega Gonzales Gil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Dantas-Torres F, Oliveira-Filho EFD. Human exposure to potential rabies virus transmitters in Olinda, State of Pernambuco, between 2002 and 2006. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2007; 40:617-21. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822007000600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the data on human exposure to potential rabies virus transmitters in Olinda, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data from 7,062 patients who underwent antirabies prophylactic treatment in Olinda between 2002 and 2006 were analyzed. As expected, dogs and cats were involved in most of the cases; i.e. 82.3 and 16.3%, respectively. Attacks by nonhuman primates, bats and other species (unspecified) were also reported. Among the 7,062 patients who underwent antirabies treatment, 582 patients abandoned the treatment, either by indication from the health unit (195) or by their own decision (387). In conclusion, this study has indicated that prophylaxis for human rabies in this urban area will require a multifaceted approach, including health education, post-exposure prophylaxis, systematic vaccination for dogs and cats, and possibly selective control over wild animals such as hematophagous bats.
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