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Kancherla K, Constantin H, Kanawati A, Graham E. Iron-induced Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia-An Atypical Case of Bilateral Femoral Stress Fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev 2023; 7:01979360-202305000-00010. [PMID: 37146096 PMCID: PMC10162788 DOI: 10.5435/jaaosglobal-d-22-00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a case of a 61-year-old healthy man who had bilateral femoral neck insufficiency fractures attributed to repeated iron transfusions, causing iron-induced hypophosphatemic rickets, requiring surgical intervention. Atraumatic insufficiency fractures present a diagnostic dilemma in orthopaedics. Chronic fractures with no acute precipitating trigger can often go unrecognized until complete fracturing or displacement occurs. Early identification of the risk factors in conjunction with a comprehensive history, clinical examination, and imaging can potentially avoid these serious complications. Atraumatic femoral neck insufficiency fractures have been sporadically reported in the literature, often unilateral and attributed to the use of long-term bisphosphonates. Through this case, we elaborate on the relatively unknown link between iron transfusions and insufficiency fractures. This case highlights the importance of early detection and imaging of such fractures from an orthopaedic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kancherla
- From the Orthopaedic Department, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Schmitz N, Graham E, Deschenes S. Systemic inflammation and the risk of depression in people with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Public Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac129.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Depression is a common co-morbidity in diabetes. The mechanisms underlying the association between depression and diabetes are poorly understood. Although risk factors, such as poor lifestyle behaviours, obesity, and stress have been identified, emerging evidence suggests that systemic inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis and recurrence of depression in people with diabetes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) is associated with an increased risk of major depression episodes in people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods
A prospective, community-based study was conducted in Quebec, Canada. Individuals were recruited from the CARTaGENE (CaG) cohort, a population-based survey of Quebec residents aged 40 to 69 years. Our sample included 719 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 1423 individuals without diabetes. Individuals were assessed at baseline and 5 years after baseline. Major depression disorders were assessed using a clinical interview (CIDI). Inflammatory markers were assessed from blood samples. Elevated CRP levels were defined as ≥ 3 mg/L.
Results
Participants with both diabetes and elevated CRP levels had the highest risk of major depressive episodes (adjusted OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.45, 2.50), compared to those without diabetes and without elevated CRP levels. The risk of major depressive episodes in individuals with diabetes without elevated CRP episodes was lower (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95% CI 0.85, 1.73) and similar to the risk of those without diabetes and elevated CRP levels (adjusted OR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.94, 1.39).
Discussion
The study highlights the interaction between diabetes, inflammatory makers, and depression in a community sample. Early identification, monitoring, and management of elevated inflammation levels might be an important depression prevention strategy in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schmitz
- Tuebingen University, Population-Based Medicine , Tuebingen, Germany
- McGill University, Psychiatry & Epidemiology , Montreal, Canada
| | - E Graham
- McGill University, Psychiatry & Epidemiology , Montreal, Canada
| | - S Deschenes
- University College Dublin , Psychology, Dublin, Ireland
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Dhanekula ND, Crouch G, Byth K, Lau SL, Kim A, Graham E, Ellis A, Clifton‐Bligh RJ, Girgis CM. Asian Ethnicity and Femoral Geometry in Atypical Femur Fractures: Independent or inter‐dependent risk factors? JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10607. [PMID: 35434447 PMCID: PMC9009102 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The earliest reports of atypical femur fractures (AFF) emerged from Asia. In the West, epidemiologic studies report a greater incidence of AFFs among subjects of Asian background. Asian ethnicity is an established risk factor for AFF, but clear mechanisms to explain this risk and implications for the general development of AFF are open questions. Ethno‐specific differences in bisphosphonate action and femoral geometry have been proposed as hypotheses. In a retrospective cohort of 163 female patients presenting with AFFs or typical femur fractures (TFF), relative contributions of Asian ethnicity, proximal femoral geometry, and bisphosphonate use in AFF status were examined. There was a fourfold higher proportion of Asian subjects in the AFF compared with TFF groups (31.6%, 30/95 versus 7.4%, 5/68). Asian subjects had smaller femurs in femoral head, neck, and axial dimensions. A multiple logistic regression model for AFF status was fitted adding Asian ethnicity to three previously reported independent predictors of AFF including femoral geometry, which together comprise the Sydney AFF Score (age ≤80 years, femoral neck width <37 mm than non‐Asian, lateral cortical width at lesser trochanter ≥5 mm). Asian ethnicity was a robust independent predictor of AFF, imparting sevenfold increase in the odds of AFF after adjusting for all three variables (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–23.2, p = 0.001) or for overall AFF score (95% CI 2.2–22.3 p = 0.001). Overall Asian subjects had higher rates of bisphosphonate use than non‐Asian subjects (67.6% versus 47.2%, p = 0.034). Among AFF bisphosphonate users, Asian subjects had lower AFF scores than non‐Asians (Sydney AFF Score ≤1, 45.5% Asian subjects versus 22.2% non‐Asian subjects, p = 0.05). Asian ethnicity is a strong independent risk factor for AFF, unaccounted for by ethno‐specific differences in proximal femoral geometry. Bisphosphonate use may be associated with a greater predisposition for AFF in Asian subjects compared with non‐Asian subjects. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh D Dhanekula
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Gareth Crouch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Karen Byth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD) Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Sue Lynn Lau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Albert Kim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia
| | - Edward Graham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Ellis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia
| | - Roderick J Clifton‐Bligh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Christian M Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research Westmead NSW Australia
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Mejri S, Konings M, Batista E, Graham E, Lötters J, Schroeter J, Timmerman A. Towards accurate modeling and determination of dosing errors in multi-infusion. Phys Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1120-1797(22)00288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Crouch G, Dhanekula ND, Byth K, Burn E, Lau SL, Nairn L, Nery L, Doyle J, Graham E, Ellis A, Clifton-Bligh RJ, Girgis CM. The Sydney AFF Score: A Simple Tool to Distinguish Females Presenting With Atypical Femur Fractures Versus Typical Femur Fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:910-920. [PMID: 33528853 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Atypical femur fractures (AFF) are a rare but serious complication of long-term bisphosphonate use. Although clearly defined by ASBMR criteria, a proportion of patients with AFFs may go unrecognized and the use of qualitative fracture criteria may lead to uncertainty in AFF diagnosis, with significant therapeutic implications. A score that rapidly and accurately identifies AFFs among subtrochanteric femur fractures using quantitative, measurable parameters is needed. In a retrospective cohort of 110 female patients presenting with AFFs or typical femur fractures (TFFs), multiple logistic regression and decision tree analysis were used to develop the Sydney AFF score. This score, based on demographic and femoral geometry variables, uses three dichotomized independent predictors and adds one point for each: (age ≤80 years) + (femoral neck width <37 mm) + (lateral cortical width at lesser trochanter ≥5 mm), (score, 0 to 3). In an independent validation set of 53 female patients at a different centre in Sydney, a score ≥2 demonstrated 73.3% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity for AFF (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.775, SE 0.063) and remained independently associated with AFF after adjustment for bisphosphonate use. The Sydney AFF score provides a quantitative means of flagging female patients with atraumatic femur fractures who have sustained an AFF as opposed to a TFF. This distinction has clear management implications and may augment current ASBMR diagnostic criteria. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Crouch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nitesh D Dhanekula
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Byth
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Western Sydney Local Health District (WSLHD) Research and Education Network, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma Burn
- Department of Medicine, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmonds, UK
| | - Sue Lynn Lau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Lillias Nairn
- Department of Physiotherapy, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Liza Nery
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean Doyle
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward Graham
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Ellis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Roderick J Clifton-Bligh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christian M Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
(1.) On the Rate of Movement of the Flam, and the produced in theExplosion of Gases. Humphry Davy was the first to observe the rate at which an explosion of gases was propagated in a tube, and he also made the first rough experiment on the temperature reached in an explosion. When gas from the distillation of coal (which he found more inflammable than fire-damp) was mixed with eight times its volume ofair, and was fired in a glass tube 1 foot long and 1/4 inch in diameter, the flame took more than a second to traverse the tube. When cyanogen mixed with twice its volume of oxygen was fired in a bent tube over water, the quantity of water displaced showed that the gases had expanded fifteen times their original bulk. Bunsen, in 1867, made the first careful measurement of the rate at which an explosion is propagated in gases, and he also made the first systematic researches on the pressure and temperature produced by the explosion of gases in closed vessels. His results led him to the remarkable conclusion that there was a discontinuous combustion in explosions. When electrolytic gas, or when carbonic oxide with haltits volume of oxygen, is fired, only one-third of the mixture is burnt, according to Bunsen, raising the temperature of the whole to about 3000° C. No further chemical action then occurs until the gaseous mixture falls, by cooling, below 2500° C. Then a further combustion begins, and so on<italic>per Saltum</italic>. These deductions were criticised by Berthelot, who pointed out that they assumed the constancy of the specific heats of steam and of carbonic acid at high temperatures.
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Russell AM, O'Dwyer JL, Bryant LD, House AO, Birtwistle JC, Meer S, Wright-Hughes A, Walwyn REA, Graham E, Farrin AJ, Hulme CT. The feasibility of using the EQ-5D-3L with adults with mild to moderate learning disabilities within a randomized control trial: a qualitative evaluation. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2018; 4:164. [PMID: 30397508 PMCID: PMC6205783 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-018-0357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In trials incorporating a health economic evaluation component, reliable validated measures for health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are essential. The EQ-5D is the preferred measure for cost-effectiveness analysis in UK trials. This paper presents a qualitative evaluation of the use of the EQ-5D-3L in a feasibility randomised control trial with participants who had a mild- to moderate learning disability and type 2 diabetes. Methods Researchers administered the EQ-5D-3L to 82 participants at baseline and 77 at follow-up. After each interview, researchers rated the ease of administering the EQ-5D-3L and made free-text entries on the administration experience. For a subset of 16 interviews, researchers audio-recorded more detailed journal entries. Ease of administration data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Free-text responses were subject to a basic content analysis. The EQ-5D-3L-related journal entries were transcribed, coded and analysed thematically. Results Over half of participants were perceived to experience difficulty answering some or all of the items in the EQ-5D-3L (60% at baseline; 54% at follow-up). Analysis of the free-text entries and audio journals identified four themes that question the use of the EQ-5D-3L in this population. The first theme is related to observations of participant intellectual ability and difficulties, for example, in understanding the wording of the measure. Theme 2 is related to the normalisation of adjustments for impairments, which rendered the measure less sensitive in this population. Theme 3 is related to researcher adaptation and non-standard administration. An overarching fourth theme was identified in that people with learning disabilities were viewed as ‘unreliable witnesses’ by both researchers and supporters. Conclusions It is recommended that the EQ-5D-3L should not be used in isolation to assess health-related quality of life outcomes in trials research in adults with a learning disability. Further research is required to develop and evaluate a version of the EQ-5D appropriate for this population in trials research. It is unrealistic to expect that adjustments to the wording alone will deliver an appropriate measure: supporter or researcher involvement will almost always be required. This requirement needs to be factored into the development and administration guidelines of any new version of the EQ-5D for adults with a learning disability. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN41897033 [registered 21 January 2013]. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-018-0357-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Russell
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J L O'Dwyer
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - L D Bryant
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A O House
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J C Birtwistle
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S Meer
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Wright-Hughes
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R E A Walwyn
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E Graham
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A J Farrin
- 2Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C T Hulme
- 1Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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9
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Jackson AM, Mangion K, Davidson J, Graham E, Lennie V. P6471Comparative utility of left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain in predicting NT-proBNP levels: an analysis of the open access heart failure service in a Scottish hospital. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A M Jackson
- University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, United Kingdom
| | - K Mangion
- University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, United Kingdom
| | - J Davidson
- University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, United Kingdom
| | - E Graham
- University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, United Kingdom
| | - V Lennie
- University Hospital Ayr, Ayr, United Kingdom
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Warren R, Price J, Graham E, Forstenhaeusler N, VanDerWal J. The projected effect on insects, vertebrates, and plants of limiting global warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C. Science 2018; 360:791-795. [PMID: 29773751 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, the United Nations is pursuing efforts to limit global warming to 1.5°C, whereas earlier aspirations focused on a 2°C limit. With current pledges, corresponding to ~3.2°C warming, climatically determined geographic range losses of >50% are projected in ~49% of insects, 44% of plants, and 26% of vertebrates. At 2°C, this falls to 18% of insects, 16% of plants, and 8% of vertebrates and at 1.5°C, to 6% of insects, 8% of plants, and 4% of vertebrates. When warming is limited to 1.5°C as compared with 2°C, numbers of species projected to lose >50% of their range are reduced by ~66% in insects and by ~50% in plants and vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Warren
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - J Price
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - E Graham
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - N Forstenhaeusler
- Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - J VanDerWal
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Mehta CR, Constantinidis A, Farhat M, Suthersan M, Graham E, Kanawati A. The distance of the femoral neurovascular bundle from the hip joint: an intraoperative guide to reduce iatrogenic injury. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:135. [PMID: 29866137 PMCID: PMC5987397 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-0847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iatrogenic injury to the femoral neurovascular bundle is not uncommon during primary and revision total hip replacement (THR) and can result in permanent weakness, pain and poor function. Prevention of injury to these structures relies on a sound knowledge of their relationships to the hip joint. Methods We studied 115 consecutive hip magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results in order to identify objective relationships between these structures and the hip joint that can be used intraoperatively. Results We determined that the shortest mean distances of the femoral nerve, artery and vein from the hip joint are 23.62 (standard deviation, SD = 5.44), 19.62 (SD = 4.17) and 17.47 (SD = 4.41) mm, respectively. The femoral nerve was lateral to the hip joint in 30 (55.5%) left- and 37 (60.7%) right-sided hip joints. The femoral artery was located medial to the hip joint in 28 (51.9%) left- and 34 (55.7%) right-sided hips. The femoral vein was medial to the hip joint in 52 (96.3%) left- and 58 (95.1%) right-sided hips. Conclusion We have identified objective relationships between the hip joint and femoral neurovascular bundle that can be used with ease intraoperatively during THR. Our data show that patients with a low body weight and the elderly may be at a higher risk of iatrogenic injury due to increased proximity of the neurovascular structures to the hip. Application of this knowledge may serve to reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury to these structures and thereby improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus R Mehta
- Westmead Hospital, corner of Hawkesbury and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
| | - Alex Constantinidis
- Westmead Hospital, corner of Hawkesbury and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Moussa Farhat
- Westmead Hospital, corner of Hawkesbury and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Mayuran Suthersan
- Westmead Hospital, corner of Hawkesbury and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Edward Graham
- Westmead Hospital, corner of Hawkesbury and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Andrew Kanawati
- Westmead Hospital, corner of Hawkesbury and Darcy Roads, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Hykin
- Medical Eye Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London
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Mroczek D, Graham E. TRAJECTORIES OF BIG FIVE PERSONALITY CHANGE IN MIDUS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D.K. Mroczek
- Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - E. Graham
- Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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Graham E, Mroczek D. PERSONALITY AND SMOKING-RELATED MORTALITY: A MULTI-STUDY ANALYSIS WITH 15 REPLICATIONS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Graham
- Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - D.K. Mroczek
- Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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Yoneda T, Graham E, Berg A, Johansson B, Katz M, Pedersen N, Piccinin A. INVESTIGATION OF PERSONALITY USING DIFFERENT TIME MATRICES, CONTROL VARIABLES, AND INCLUSION GROUPS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Yoneda
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada,
| | - E. Graham
- University of Northwestern, Evanston, Illinois,
| | - A. Berg
- University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,
| | | | - M. Katz
- Einstein Aging Study, Bronx, New York
| | | | - A.M. Piccinin
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada,
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Slavkin HC, Graham E, Zeichner-David M, Hildemann W. ENAMEL-LIKE ANTIGENS IN HAGFISH: POSSIBLE EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE. Evolution 2017; 37:404-412. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1983.tb05548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/1982] [Revised: 04/27/1982] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. C. Slavkin
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology; Graduate Program in Craniofacial Biology; University Park Los Angeles California 90007
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry; University of Southern California; University Park Los Angeles California 90007
| | - Edward Graham
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology; Graduate Program in Craniofacial Biology; University Park Los Angeles California 90007
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry; University of Southern California; University Park Los Angeles California 90007
| | - Margarita Zeichner-David
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology; Graduate Program in Craniofacial Biology; University Park Los Angeles California 90007
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry; University of Southern California; University Park Los Angeles California 90007
| | - William Hildemann
- Laboratory for Developmental Biology; Graduate Program in Craniofacial Biology; University Park Los Angeles California 90007
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry; University of Southern California; University Park Los Angeles California 90007
- Dental Research Institute; University of California; Los Angeles California 90024
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Kanawati AJ, Narulla R, Lorentzos P, Graham E. Position of the sciatic nerve and effect of gluteus maximus release during hip arthroplasty. J Orthop 2017; 14:281-286. [PMID: 28392635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight Thiel embalmed hips were dissected. The distance between the sciatic nerve and the femoral neck was measured before and after hip dislocation, and before and after release of the gluteus maximus tendon. There was a significant reduction in the mean distance between the neck of femur and the sciatic nerve in both the gluteus maximus tendon release and the unreleased groups at 60° and 90° of hip flexion, p < 0.05. The mean distance between the neck of femur and sciatic nerve was greater in the release group for all positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Kanawati
- School of Rural Medicine UNE, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Rajpal Narulla
- School of Rural Medicine UNE, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
| | - Peter Lorentzos
- School of Rural Medicine UNE, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia
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Jenkins MJ, Farhat M, Hwang P, Kanawati AJ, Graham E. The Distance of the Common Peroneal Nerve to the Posterolateral Structures of the Knee. J Arthroplasty 2016; 31:2907-2911. [PMID: 27267229 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common peroneal nerve (CPN) is an important structure of the lower limb and is at risk of injury during total knee arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to use a tibial reference system to determine the position of the CPN relative to the knee center and popliteus. METHODS Two hundred consecutive knee magnetic resonance images at the level of a standard tibial arthroplasty cut were evaluated for (1) distance of the CPN from the posterolateral capsule; (2) angle of the CPN from the center of the tibial anteroposterior axis; and (3) location of CPN with respect to the popliteus. RESULTS The mean distance between the CPN and the posterolateral joint capsule was 11.9 mm (range, 4.7-22.13 mm), which correlated positively with the medial-lateral axis of the tibia (Pearson correlation, 0.157; P = .026) and negatively with the angle of the nerve from the midline (Pearson correlation, -0.237, P = .001). The mean angle of the nerve from the midline was 42.2° (range, 25.0°-64.0°). In 116 knees (58%), the CPN was in line with the popliteus from the center of the knee, in 69 knees (34.5%) the CPN was lateral to the popliteus, and in 15 knees (7.5%), the CPN was medial to the popliteus. A danger zone was identified as between 29.95° and 54.57° from the anteroposterior axis. CONCLUSION The CPN is at risk during total knee arthroplasty. This study describes a method to help predict the location of the CPN intraoperatively and therefore avoid direct injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jenkins
- Orthopaedic Department, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Moussa Farhat
- Orthopaedic Department, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Hwang
- Orthopaedic Department, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kanawati
- Orthopaedic Department, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward Graham
- Orthopaedic Department, Blacktown Hospital, Blacktown, NSW, Australia
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Brand CV, Graham E, Rodríguez J, Galindo A, Jackson G, Adjiman CS. On the use of molecular-based thermodynamic models to assess the performance of solvents for CO 2 capture processes: monoethanolamine solutions. Faraday Discuss 2016; 192:337-390. [PMID: 27604680 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00041j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Predictive models play an important role in the design of post-combustion processes for the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from power plants. A rate-based absorber model is presented to investigate the reactive capture of CO2 using aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) as a solvent, integrating a predictive molecular-based equation of state: SAFT-VR SW (Statistical Associating Fluid Theory-Variable Range, Square Well). A distinctive physical approach is adopted to model the chemical equilibria inherent in the process. This eliminates the need to consider reaction products explicitly and greatly reduces the amount of experimental data required to model the absorber compared to the more commonly employed chemical approaches. The predictive capabilities of the absorber model are analyzed for profiles from 10 pilot plant runs by considering two scenarios: (i) no pilot-plant data are used in the model development; (ii) only a limited set of pilot-plant data are used. Within the first scenario, the mass fraction of CO2 in the clean gas is underestimated in all but one of the cases, indicating that a best-case performance of the solvent can be obtained with this predictive approach. Within the second scenario a single parameter is estimated based on data from a single pilot plant run to correct for the dramatic changes in the diffusivity of CO2 in the reactive solvent. This parameter is found to be transferable for a broad range of operating conditions. A sensitivity analysis is then conducted, and the liquid viscosity and diffusivity are found to be key properties for the prediction of the composition profiles. The temperature and composition profiles are sensitive to thermodynamic properties that correspond to major sources of heat generation or dissipation. The proposed modelling framework can be used as an early assessment of solvents to aid in narrowing the search space, and can help in determining target solvents for experiments and more detailed modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles V Brand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Edward Graham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Amparo Galindo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - George Jackson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Claire S Adjiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Leary S, Graham E, Do L. P38 Changes in oral health behaviour between childhood and adolescence: findings from a UK cohort. Br J Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208064.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Georgiadi A, Ma X, Bosma M, Graham E, Shilkova O, Mattijssen F, Khan AA, Higareda JCA, Wünsch T, Johansson M, Seaman S, Croix BS, Ritvos O, Nakamura N, Hirose S, Scheideler M, Herzig S, Böstrom PA. Fndc4, a highly identical ortholog of Irisin binds and activates a novel orphan receptor G-protein coupled receptor. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hudson J, Graham E, Charlton R, Guglieri M, Bushby K, Straub V, Barresi R. The importance of dosage analysis in dysferlinopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.06.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Corten K, Struelens B, Evans B, Graham E, Bourne RB, MacDonald SJ. Gastrocnemius flap reconstruction of soft-tissue defects following infected total knee replacement. Bone Joint J 2013; 95-B:1217-21. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.95b9.31476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A soft-tissue defect over an infected total knee replacement (TKR) presents a difficult technical problem that can be treated with a gastrocnemius flap, which is rotated over the defect during the first-stage of a revision procedure. This facilitates wound healing and the safe introduction of a prosthesis at the second stage. We describe the outcome at a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (1 to 10) in 24 patients with an infected TKR who underwent this procedure. A total of 22 (92%) eventually obtained a satisfactory result. The mean Knee Society score improved from 53 pre-operatively to 103 at the latest follow-up (p < 0.001). The mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index and Short-Form 12 score also improved significantly (p < 0.001). This form of treatment can be used reliably and safely to treat many of these complex cases where control of infection, retention of the components and acceptable functional recovery are the primary goals. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1217–21.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Corten
- Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg Genk, Schiepse
Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium
| | - B. Struelens
- University Hospital Pellenberg, Weligerveld
1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium
| | - B. Evans
- London Health Sciences Centre, University
Campus, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario
N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - E. Graham
- London Health Sciences Centre, University
Campus, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario
N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - R. B. Bourne
- London Health Sciences Centre, University
Campus, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario
N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - S. J. MacDonald
- London Health Sciences Centre, University
Campus, 339 Windermere Road, London, Ontario
N6A 5A5, Canada
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Palmer CV, Graham E, Baird AH. Immunity through early development of coral larvae. Dev Comp Immunol 2012; 38:395-399. [PMID: 22885633 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
As a determinant of survival, immunity is likely to be significant in enabling coral larvae to disperse and successfully recruit, however, whether reef-building coral larvae have immune defenses is unknown. We investigated the potential presence and variation in immunity in the lecithotrophic larvae of Acropora tenuis through larval development. Enzymes indicative of tyrosinase and laccase-type melanin-synthesis were quantified, and the concentration of three coral fluorescent proteins was measured over six developmental stages; egg, embryo, motile planula, planula post-exposure to crustose coralline algae (CCA; settlement cue), settled, settled post-exposure to Symbiodinium (endosymbiont). Both types of melanin-synthesis pathways and the three fluorescent proteins were present in A. tenuis throughout development. Laccase-type activity and red fluorescence increased following exposure of planula to CCA, whereas tyrosinase-type activity and cyan fluorescence increased following settlement. No change was detected in the measured parameters following exposure to Symbiodinium. This study is the first to document coral larval immune responses and suggests the melanin-synthesis pathways have disparate roles-the laccase-type potentially non-immunological and the tyrosinase-type in cytotoxic defense. Our results indicate that corals have the potential to resist infection from the earliest life history phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Palmer
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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Judges D, Knight A, Graham E, Goff LM. Estimating energy requirements in hospitalised underweight and obese patients requiring nutritional support: a survey of dietetic practice in the United Kingdom. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 66:394-8. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Judges D, Graham E, Knight A, Goff L. Estimating energy requirements in obese and non-obese patients: a survey of dietetic practice in the United Kingdom. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01177_25.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The defeat of the Aztecs of Mexico by Hernán Cortés in 1521 was but the beginning of a long and torturous conquest of Central America that did not always result in the mastery of people and production for which the Spanish had hoped. The Maya of the resource-poor Yucatán peninsula were spared the heavy colonial hand that held fast to central Mexico and its riches. In addition, the dense forests of the peninsula served as a haven for refugees fleeing oppressive conditions in colonial towns. Despite the paucity of documentary information on Maya communities of the frontier, knowledge of Maya-Spanish relations in the 16th and 17th centuries has advanced in recent years through archeological and ethnohistorical research. Work in one region of the Maya lowlands has brought us closer to an understanding of the early interaction of the rulers and the ruled.
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Mellanby RJ, Broadhurst C, Wondafrash M, Ewnetu M, Watt S, Critchlow R, Dadesa A, Deas T, Enawgaw C, Gebremedhin B, Graham E, Maclean S, Ross B. Perceptions of habitat changes in the Yabelo Sanctuary and surrounding areas. Afr J Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Logan S, Rajan M, Graham E, Johnson E, Klein J. A case of aspergillus endophthalmitis in an immuncompetent woman: intra-ocular penetration of oral voriconazole: a case report. Cases J 2010; 3:31. [PMID: 20205770 PMCID: PMC2822822 DOI: 10.1186/1757-1626-3-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background There are very few reports of Aspergillus fumigatus causing endogenous endophthalmitis (EAE) in immunocompetent individuals although it is well recognised in the immunocompromised. Treatment can be with intravitreal, intravenous and oral antifungal agents. The benefit of an oral agent is clear however the concentration of voriconazole in the inflamed eye after oral administration has not previously been documented. Case presentation We present a case of EAE in an immunocompetent 78-year-old Caucasian female who was subsequently managed with oral voriconazole. Using a bioassay, we show an appropriate voriconazole concentration in serum and vitreous samples. Conclusion This case adds to the limited literature on the prevalence of endogenous endophthalmitis in immunocompetent patients and supports the use of voriconazole in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Logan
- Departments of Infection, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of rotational malalignment after femoral nailing has been reported to be at least 20%. If the deformity is recognised early, it can be corrected by changing the distal locking screw and rotating the bone prior to fracture union. It is common practice to use the same distal locking screw of the nail if this surgery is performed, however, there is a risk of the new drill hole "cutting out" into the old screw hole. The degree of rotational deformity that needs to be corrected to use the same distal locking hole without cut out of the screw has not been defined. METHOD Ten femora, five from cadavera and five synthetic ("Synbone"), were stabilised in a vice and then fitted with one distal transverse screw. The screw was then removed and a second distal transverse screw was inserted at the same level after variable amounts of rotation. The bone bridge between the drill holes was then measured and any cut out was noted. RESULTS Both of the femora cut out when rotated 10 degrees, and one when rotated 15 degrees. The size of the bone bridge between drill holes in femora rotated by 20 degrees was 3 mm. This bone bridge was increased to 4mm when the femora were rotated by 25 degrees, and 8 and 9 mm when rotated by 30 degrees. CONCLUSION The amount of rotational deformity that needs to be corrected in order to use the same distal locking hole in a femoral nail is significant. In our study, this equates to a correction of at least 25 degrees, but this is not a definitive value in practice. Particular attention must be paid to the location and size of the distal locking screw when correcting malrotation after femoral nailing, to ensure an adequate bone bridge between the two holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalman Piper
- Orthopaedic Department, Westmead Hospital, Darcy Rd, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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Nelli RK, Graham E, Dunham SP, Taylor DJ. Real-time PCR identification of Mycobacterium avium
subspecies paratuberculosis
in ovine and bovine tissues. Vet Rec 2008; 163:422-3. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.163.14.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Nelli
- Institute of Comparative Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - E. Graham
- Institute of Comparative Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - S. P. Dunham
- Institute of Comparative Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Glasgow G61 1QH
| | - D. J. Taylor
- Institute of Comparative Medicine; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Glasgow; Bearsden Glasgow G61 1QH
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Graham E, Ahmed A, Kane L, Cooke S, Longman C, Stewart W, Petty R. G.P.12.02 Asymmetric hypertrophy and contractures in an adult male due to somatic mosaicism for a DMD stop mutation. Neuromuscul Disord 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.06.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pillemer K, Meador R, Henderson C, Robison J, Hegeman C, Graham E, Schultz L. A Facility Specialist Model for Improving Retention of Nursing Home Staff: Results From a Randomized, Controlled Study. The Gerontologist 2008; 48 Spec No 1:80-9. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/48.supplement_1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Song J, Hanniford D, Doucette C, Graham E, Poole MF, Ting A, Sherf B, Harrington J, Brunden K, Stricker-Krongrad A. Development of homogeneous high-affinity agonist binding assays for 5-HT2 receptor subtypes. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2006; 3:649-59. [PMID: 16438660 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2005.3.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) 5-HT2 receptor subfamily consists of three members, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. These receptors share high homology in their amino acid sequence, have similar signaling pathways, and have been indicated to play important roles in feeding, anxiety, aggression, sexual behavior, mood, and pain. Subtype-selective agonists and antagonists have been explored as drugs for hypertension, Parkinson's disease, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and obesity. In this study, we report the development of homogeneous agonist binding assays in a scintillation proximity assay (SPA) format to determine the high-affinity binding state of agonist compounds for the human 5-HT2C, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2B receptors. The 5-HT2 agonist 1-(4- [125I]iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane ([125I]DOI) was used to label the high-affinity sites for the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors. The high-affinity sites for the 5-HT2B receptor were labeled with [3H]lysergic acid diethylamide. Total receptor expression was determined with the 5-HT2 antagonist [3H]mesulergine for the 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors, and [3H]ketanserin for the 5-HT2A receptor. The agonist high-affinity binding sites accounted for 2.3% (5-HT(2C) receptor), 4.0% (5-HT2A receptor), and 22% (5-HT2B receptor) of the total receptor population. Competition binding studies using known agonists indicated high Z' values of the agonist binding assays in SPA format (Z' > 0.70). The Ki values of 5-HT, (R)(-)DOI, and VER-3323 for the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors by SPA format were equivalent to published data determined by filtration binding assays. These results indicate that agonist binding assays in SPA format can be easily adapted to a high throughput assay to screen for selective 5-HT2C receptor agonists, as well as for selectivity profiling of the compounds.
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MESH Headings
- Amphetamines/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Ergolines/metabolism
- Humans
- Ketanserin/metabolism
- Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/analysis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/analysis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/analysis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Serotonin/pharmacology
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists
- Serotonin Antagonists/metabolism
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Athersys, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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Khan NL, Scherfler C, Graham E, Bhatia KP, Quinn N, Lees AJ, Brooks DJ, Wood NW, Piccini P. Dopaminergic dysfunction in unrelated, asymptomatic carriers of a single parkin mutation. Neurology 2005; 64:134-6. [PMID: 15642918 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000148725.48740.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin disease is usually autosomal recessive; however, two studies have shown that asymptomatic heterozygotes have nigrostriatal dysfunction and even manifest subtle extrapyramidal signs. The authors used 18F-dopa PET to study 13 asymptomatic parkin heterozygotes and found a significant reduction of (18)F-dopa uptake in caudate, putamen, ventral, and dorsal midbrain compared with control subjects. Four had subtle extrapyramidal signs. Parkin heterozygosity is a risk factor for nigrostriatal dysfunction and in some may contribute to late-onset Parkinson disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Khan
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, and Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Sumner AT, Ross AR, Graham E. Preparation of chromosomes for scanning electron microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2003; 29:41-50. [PMID: 8032419 DOI: 10.1385/0-89603-289-2:41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A T Sumner
- Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Edwards A, Clarke L, Piessens S, Graham E, Shekleton P. Acoustic streaming: a new technique for assessing adnexal cysts. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22:74-78. [PMID: 12858308 DOI: 10.1002/uog.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether acoustic streaming has clinical value in the differentiation between various ovarian and adnexal cysts. METHODS We assessed 29 adnexal cysts, for which pathological diagnosis was available, for the presence of acoustic streaming during B-mode and color sonographic evaluation. RESULTS Acoustic streaming was detected in 15 (52%) of the cysts. The most common cyst, endometrioma (n = 7), did not exhibit acoustic streaming in any case, while of the remaining 22 cysts, 15 exhibited acoustic streaming (P = 0.0017). Dermoid cysts exhibited acoustic streaming in two of six (33%) cases. In addition acoustic streaming was noted in two of two (100%) hemorrhagic cysts, eight of ten (80%) cystadenomas, two of three (67%) malignant cysts and in the one abscess. CONCLUSIONS Acoustic streaming is the first sonographic feature that may be able to completely exclude endometrioma as a possible diagnosis for an adnexal cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Edwards
- Ultrasound Department, Monash Medical Centre, Southern Health, Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Berry PA, Dart JK, Graham E, Matheson M, MacMahon EME. Permanent visual loss in a child with a rash. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:515. [PMID: 12642335 PMCID: PMC1771578 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.4.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Graham E, Jelenić G, Crisfield MA. A note on the equivalence of two recent time-integration schemes for N-body problems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/cnm.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Graham E, Davies M, Holmes J, Muir IFK, Wheatley D. Inhibition of fibroblast growth by dermal extracts: re-examination of the extraction protocol (poster). Clin Exp Dermatol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.104168.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A follow-up study of a patient with myelopathy resulting from a thoracic intraspinal synovial cyst was conducted. OBJECTIVE To present this unusual form of myelopathy, and to highlight this unique condition by a literature review. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Intraspinal synovial cysts are quite common in the lumbar spine, but much rarer in the thoracic spine, where they may produce myelopathy from spinal cord compression. The reported patient presented with a lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis, but actually was symptomatic from a thoracic synovial cyst. METHODS Clinical and radiographic details of a patient with a thoracic intraspinal synovial cyst are presented. A complete literature review also summarizes previously published material on this topic. RESULTS The thoracic intraspinal synovial cyst was appropriately identified on a magnetic resonance image examination. The patient underwent successful thoracic spinal cord decompression with stabilization and fusion. The myelopathy resolved postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of a thoracic synovial cyst should be considered in the evaluation of pain associated with myelopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Graham
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Graham E, Duhl A, Ural S, Allen M, Blakemore K, Witter F. The degree of antenatal ventriculomegaly is related to pediatric neurological morbidity. J Matern Fetal Med 2001; 10:258-63. [PMID: 11531152 DOI: 10.1080/714052753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our hypothesis was that the degree of antenatally diagnosed cerebral ventriculomegaly is related to aneuploidy, perinatal mortality and long-term neurological morbidity. METHODS Ninety-one cases of ventriculomegaly identified from 1 June 1994 to 1 July 1999 were examined for prenatal, intrapartum and neonatal complications. Pediatric follow-up was reviewed for infants with ventriculomegaly from birth up to as long as 4 years. Minor neurological morbidity was defined as a score of 70-80 on the clinical adaptive test/clinical linguistic and auditory milestone scale and included mild motor or language delay. Major morbidity included a score of < 70, evidence of cerebral palsy, or seizure disorder. The incidence of neurological complications was compared, on the basis of the degree of ventriculomegaly, with group 1 being > 10-15 mm and group 2 being > 15 mm. RESULTS Twenty-seven cases (18 with neural tube defects and nine with holoprosencephaly) were excluded. Among the remaining 64 patients, 39 had a ventricular diameter of > 10-15 mm and comprised group 1. Five of the 39 cases (12.8%), all with other ultrasound anomalies, elected to terminate. The incidence of aneuploidy in group 1 was 14.2%. Among the 19 cases with isolated ventriculomegaly, 17 (89%) were normal and two (11%) had minor neurological morbidity. In group 1 there were two cases associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Of the 25 cases in group 2, eight (32%), all with other ultrasound anomalies, elected to terminate. The incidence of aneuploidy in group 2 was 17.4%. For the nine cases with isolated ventriculomegaly of > 15 mm, one (11%) was normal (p < 0.001), five (56%) had minor neurological morbidity requiring a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (p = 0.035), and three (33%) had major neurological morbidity (p = 0.045) when compared to cases of isolated ventriculomegaly in group 1. There was one case of CMV infection in group 2. All perinatal deaths in both groups were associated with other anomalies. CONCLUSIONS Amniocentesis to determine karyotype and the presence of CMV is warranted for all cases of ventriculomegaly of > 10 mm. The degree of antenatal ventriculomegaly is related to pediatric neurological morbidity and, when it is > 15 mm, it is associated with an increase in abnormal neurological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Graham
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bandopadhyay R, de Silva R, Khan N, Graham E, Vaughan J, Engelender S, Ross C, Morris H, Morris C, Wood NW, Daniel S, Lees A. No pathogenic mutations in the synphilin-1 gene in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2001; 307:125-7. [PMID: 11427316 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Synuclein is mutated in rare autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson's disease and is a major component of Lewy bodies and neurites. Synphilin-1, a novel protein interacts in vivo and co-localises with alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. We analysed the synphilin-1 gene in familial Parkinson's disease by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and automated sequencing but found no coding mutations. However, we identified two novel intronic polymorphisms; an A/T polymorphism in intron 2, resulting in the introduction of an Alu1 site and a second G/T polymorphism in intron 4. We analysed the intron 2 polymorphism for allelic association as it was conducive to rapid screening but observed no changes in frequency between Parkinson's disease cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Windeyer Building, 46 Cleveland Street, W1T 4JF, London, UK
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Khan N, Graham E, Dixon P, Morris C, Mander A, Clayton D, Vaughan J, Quinn N, Lees A, Daniel S, Wood N, de Silva R. Parkinson's disease is not associated with the combined alpha-synuclein/apolipoprotein E susceptibility genotype. Ann Neurol 2001; 49:665-8. [PMID: 11357958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A recent study showed significant association of sporadic Parkinson's disease with a polymorphism within the alpha-synuclein gene and closely linked DNA markers on chromosome 4q and the APOE epsilon4 allele. A combined alpha-synuclein/APOE-epsilon4 genotype increased the relative risk of developing Parkinson's disease 12-fold. We failed to confirm this association in a much larger sample of histopathologically proven cases of Parkinson's disease and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khan
- Neurogenetics Section, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Sension MG, Farthing C, Shaffer AG, Graham E, Siemon-Hryczyk P, Pilson RS. Challenges of antiretroviral treatment in transient and drug-using populations: the SUN study. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2001; 15:129-36. [PMID: 11313025 DOI: 10.1089/108729101750123580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This is an open-label, single-arm, phase 3b study (part of phase 3 development) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fortovase-soft gelatin formulation (saquinavir-SGC), combined with zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC), human immune deficiency virus type 1 in (HIV-1)-positive, antiretroviral-naive individuals. Forty-two HIV-1-positive adults with plasma HIV RNA >10,000 copies per milliliter (Roche Amplicor HIV Monitor assay) and CD4 cell count >100 cells/mm(3) were treated with SQV-SGC, 1200 mg three times per day; ZDV, 300 mg; and 3TC, 150 mg each twice per day for 48 weeks. High proportions were drug users (26%), demonstrated psychiatric disorders (alcohol abuse [14%]/depression [14%]), or were inadequately housed (5%). At 48 weeks, 50% of patients achieved viral suppression <400 copies per milliliter with 43% <20 copies per milliliter using an intent-to-treat analysis (missing values counted as virological failures). Corresponding proportions for patients remaining on therapy at 48 weeks were 91% <400 copies per milliliter and 78% <20 copies per milliliter. Most adverse events were mild. Saquinavir-SGC combined with ZDV and 3TC, achieved potent and durable HIV RNA suppression and was well tolerated over 48 weeks in an antiretroviral-naive population including high proportions of individuals considered difficult to treat, such as drug users, people with psychiatric problems and homeless individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sension
- North Broward Hospital District, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
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