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Tuncer T, Dogan S, Baygin M, Barua PD, Palmer EE, March S, Ciaccio EJ, Tan RS, Acharya UR. FLP: Factor lattice pattern-based automated detection of Parkinson's disease and specific language impairment using recorded speech. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108280. [PMID: 38547655 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely detection of neurodevelopmental and neurological conditions is crucial for early intervention. Specific Language Impairment (SLI) in children and Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests in speech disturbances that may be exploited for diagnostic screening using recorded speech signals. We were motivated to develop an accurate yet computationally lightweight model for speech-based detection of SLI and PD, employing novel feature engineering techniques to mimic the adaptable dynamic weight assignment network capability of deep learning architectures. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this research, we have introduced an advanced feature engineering model incorporating a novel feature extraction function, the Factor Lattice Pattern (FLP), which is a quantum-inspired method and uses a superposition-like mechanism, making it dynamic in nature. The FLP encompasses eight distinct patterns, from which the most appropriate pattern was discerned based on the data structure. Through the implementation of the FLP, we automatically extracted signal-specific textural features. Additionally, we developed a new feature engineering model to assess the efficacy of the FLP. This model is self-organizing, producing nine potential results and subsequently choosing the optimal one. Our speech classification framework consists of (1) feature extraction using the proposed FLP and a statistical feature extractor; (2) feature selection employing iterative neighborhood component analysis and an intersection-based feature selector; (3) classification via support vector machine and k-nearest neighbors; and (4) outcome determination using combinational majority voting to select the most favorable results. RESULTS To validate the classification capabilities of our proposed feature engineering model, designed to automatically detect PD and SLI, we employed three speech datasets of PD and SLI patients. Our presented FLP-centric model achieved classification accuracy of more than 95% and 99.79% for all PD and SLI datasets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the proposed model is an accurate alternative to deep learning models in classifying neurological conditions using speech signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turker Tuncer
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Sengul Dogan
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Baygin
- Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- School of Business (Information System), University of Southern Queensland, Australia.
| | - Elizabeth Emma Palmer
- Centre of Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Randwick, 2031, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick, 2031, Australia.
| | - Sonja March
- School of Psychology and Counselling and Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia.
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA.
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia; Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Australia.
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Ciaccio EJ, Coromilas J, Saluja DS, Hsia HH, Peters NS, Yarmohammadi H. Sinus Rhythm Activation Signature Indicates Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia Inducibility and Approximate Isthmus Location. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)02517-7. [PMID: 38677360 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinus rhythm activation time is useful to assess infarct border zone substrate. OBJECTIVE To further investigate sinus activation in ventricular tachycardia (VT). METHODS Canine postinfarction data was analyzed retrospectively. In each experiment, an infarct was created in the left ventricular wall by LAD coronary artery ligation. Three-to-five days following ligation, 196-312 bipolar electrograms were recorded from the anterior left ventricular epicardium overlapping the infarct border zone. Sustained monomorphic VT was induced via premature electrical stimulation in 50 experiments and was non-inducible in 43 experiments. Acquired sinus rhythm and VT electrograms were marked for electrical activation time, and activation maps of representative sinus rhythm and VT cycles were constructed. The sinus rhythm activation signature was defined as the cumulative number of multielectrode recording sites that had activated per time epoch, and its derivative was used to predict VT inducibility, and to define the sinus rhythm slow/late activation sequence. RESULTS Plotting mean activation signature derivative, a best cutoff value was useful to separate experiments with reentrant VT inducibility (sensitivity: 42/50) versus non-inducibility (specificity: 39/43), with an accuracy of 81/93. For the 50 experiments with inducible VT, recording sites overlying a segment of isochrone encompassing the sinus rhythm slow/late activation sequence, spanned the VT isthmus location in 32 cases (64%), partially spanned it in 15 cases (30%), but did not span in 3 cases (6%). CONCLUSION The sinus rhythm activation signature derivative is assistive to differentiate substrate supporting reentrant VT inducibility versus non-inducibility, and to identify slow/late activation for targeting isthmus location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - James Coromilas
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Deepak S Saluja
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry H Hsia
- Department of Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia Service, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Ciaccio EJ, Saluja DS, Peters NS, Yarmohammadi H. Role of activation signatures in re-entrant ventricular tachycardia circuits. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024; 35:267-277. [PMID: 38073065 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of a rapid means to verify the ventricular tachycardia (VT) isthmus location from heart surface electrogram recordings would be a helpful tool for the electrophysiologist. METHOD Myocardial infarction was induced in 22 canines by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation under general anesthesia. After 3-5 days, VT was inducible via programmed electrical stimulation at the anterior left ventricular epicardial surface. Bipolar VT electrograms were acquired from 196 to 312 recording sites using a multielectrode array. Electrograms were marked for activation time, and activation maps were constructed. The activation signal, or signature, is defined as the cumulative number of recording sites that have activated per millisecond, and it was utilized to segment each circuit into inner and outer circuit pathways, and as an estimate of best ablation lesion location to prevent VT. RESULTS VT circuit components were differentiable by activation signals as: inner pathway (mean: 0.30 sites activating/ms) and outer pathway (mean: 2.68 sites activating/ms). These variables were linearly related (p < .001). Activation signal characteristics were dependent in part upon the isthmus exit site. The inner circuit pathway determined by the activation signal overlapped and often extended beyond the activation map isthmus location for each circuit. The best lesion location estimated by the activation signal would likely block an electrical impulse traveling through the isthmus, to prevent VT in all circuits. CONCLUSIONS The activation signal algorithm, simple to implement for real-time computer display, approximates the VT isthmus location and shape as determined from activation marking, and best ablation lesion location to prevent reinduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Deepak S Saluja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Ciaccio EJ, Coromilas J, Wan EY, Yarmohammadi H, Saluja DS, Peters NS, Garan H, Biviano AB. Correlation relationships of the reentrant ventricular tachycardia circuit. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 241:107764. [PMID: 37597351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A quantitative analysis of the components of reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuitry could improve understanding of its onset and perpetuation. METHOD In 19 canine experiments, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to generate a subepicardial infarct. The border zone resided at the epicardial surface of the anterior left ventricle and was mapped 3-5 days postinfarction with a 196-312 bipolar multielectrode array. Monomorphic VT was inducible by extrastimulation. Activation maps revealed an epicardial double-loop reentrant circuit and isthmus, causing VT. Several circuit parameters were analyzed: the coupling interval for VT induction, VT cycle length, the lateral isthmus boundary (LIB) lengths, and isthmus width and angle. RESULTS The extrastimulus interval for VT induction and the VT cycle length were strongly correlated (p < 0.001). Both the extrastimulus interval and VT cycle length were correlated to the shortest LIB (p < 0.005). A derivation was developed to suggest that when conduction block at the shorter LIB is functional, the VT cycle length may depend on the local refractory period and the delay from wavefront pivot around the LIB. Isthmus width and angle were uncorrelated to other parameters. CONCLUSIONS The shorter LIB is correlated to VT cycle length, hence its circuit loop may drive reentrant VT. The extrastimulation interval, VT cycle length, and shorter LIB are intertwined, and may depend upon the local refractory period. Isthmus width and angle are less correlated, perhaps being more related to electrical discontinuity caused by alterations in infarct shape at depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - James Coromilas
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elaine Y Wan
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deepak S Saluja
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angelo B Biviano
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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Raghavendra U, Gudigar A, Paul A, Goutham TS, Inamdar MA, Hegde A, Devi A, Ooi CP, Deo RC, Barua PD, Molinari F, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Brain tumor detection and screening using artificial intelligence techniques: Current trends and future perspectives. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107063. [PMID: 37329621 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A brain tumor is an abnormal mass of tissue located inside the skull. In addition to putting pressure on the healthy parts of the brain, it can lead to significant health problems. Depending on the region of the brain tumor, it can cause a wide range of health issues. As malignant brain tumors grow rapidly, the mortality rate of individuals with this cancer can increase substantially with each passing week. Hence it is vital to detect these tumors early so that preventive measures can be taken at the initial stages. Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems, in coordination with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, have a vital role in the early detection of this disorder. In this review, we studied 124 research articles published from 2000 to 2022. Here, the challenges faced by CAD systems based on different modalities are highlighted along with the current requirements of this domain and future prospects in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Raghavendra
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Anjan Gudigar
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India.
| | - Aritra Paul
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - T S Goutham
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Mahesh Anil Inamdar
- Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Ajay Hegde
- Consultant Neurosurgeon Manipal Hospitals, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore, India
| | - Aruna Devi
- School of Education and Tertiary Access, University of the Sunshine Coast, Caboolture Campus, Australia
| | - Chui Ping Ooi
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, 599494, Singapore
| | - Ravinesh C Deo
- School of Mathematics, Physics, and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, 4300, Australia
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia; School of Business (Information Systems), Faculty of Business, Education, Law & Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- School of Mathematics, Physics, and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, 4300, Australia; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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Wang Y, Chen B, Ciaccio EJ, Jneid H, Virani SS, Lavie CJ, Lebovits J, Green PHR, Krittanawong C. Celiac Disease and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9974. [PMID: 37373122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine in genetically predisposed individuals. Previous studies have investigated the potential link between CD and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the findings have been inconsistent. We aimed to provide an updated review of the literature on the association between CD and CVD. PubMed was searched from inception to January 2023 using keywords including CD, cardiovascular disease, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. We summarized the results of the studies, including meta-analyses and original investigations, and presented them according to the different forms of CVD. Meta-analyses published in 2015 provided mixed results regarding the relationship between CD and CVD. However, subsequent original investigations have shed new light on this association. Recent studies indicate that individuals with CD are at a higher risk of developing overall CVD, including an increased risk of myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation. However, the link between CD and stroke is less established. Further research is needed to determine the link between CD and other cardiac arrhythmias, such as ventricular arrhythmia. Moreover, the relationship between CD and cardiomyopathy or heart failure, as well as myopericarditis, remains ambiguous. CD patients have a lower prevalence of traditional cardiac risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Therefore, it is important to discover strategies to identify patients at risk and reduce the risk of CVD in CD populations. Lastly, it is unclear whether adherence to a gluten-free diet can diminish or increase the risk of CVD among individuals with CD, necessitating further research in this area. To fully comprehend the correlation between CD and CVD and to determine the optimal prevention strategies for CVD in individuals with CD, additional research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wang
- Mercy Internal Medicine Service, Trinity Health of New England, Springfield, MA 01104, USA
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA 17821, USA
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hani Jneid
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Salim S Virani
- Section of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Office of the Vice Provost (Research), The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA
| | - Jessica Lebovits
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter H R Green
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Ciaccio EJ, Coromilas J, Wan EY, Yarmohammadi H, Saluja DS, Peters NS, Garan H, Biviano AB. Lateral Boundaries of the Ventricular Tachycardia Circuit Align With Sinus Rhythm Discontinuities. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:851-861. [PMID: 37227361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinus rhythm electrical activation mapping can provide information regarding the ischemic re-entrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuit. The information gleaned may include the localization of sinus rhythm electrical discontinuities, which can be defined as arcs of disrupted electrical conduction with large activation time differences across the arc. OBJECTIVES This study sought to detect and localize sinus rhythm electrical discontinuities that might be present in activation maps constructed from infarct border zone electrograms. METHODS Monomorphic re-entrant VT with a double-loop circuit and central isthmus was repeatedly inducible by programmed electrical stimulation in the epicardial border zone of 23 postinfarction canine hearts. Sinus rhythm and VT activation maps were constructed from 196 to 312 bipolar electrograms acquired surgically at the epicardial surface and analyzed computationally. A complete re-entrant circuit was mappable from the epicardial electrograms of VT, and isthmus lateral boundary (ILB) locations were ascertained. The difference in sinus rhythm activation time across ILB locations, vs the central isthmus and vs the circuit periphery, was determined. RESULTS Sinus rhythm activation time differences averaged 14.4 milliseconds across the ILB vs 6.5 milliseconds at the central isthmus and 6.4 milliseconds at the periphery (ie, the outer circuit loop) (P ≤ 0.001). Locations with large sinus rhythm activation difference tended to overlap ILB (60.3% ± 23.2%) compared with their overlap with the entire grid (27.5% ± 18.5%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Disrupted electrical conduction is evident as discontinuity in sinus rhythm activation maps, particularly at ILB locations. These areas may represent permanent fixtures relating to spatial differences in border zone electrical properties, caused in part by alterations in underlying infarct depth. The tissue properties producing sinus rhythm discontinuity at ILB may contribute to functional conduction block formation at VT onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA; ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - James Coromilas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Elaine Y Wan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deepak S Saluja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelo B Biviano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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Baygin M, Barua PD, Chakraborty S, Tuncer I, Dogan S, Palmer E, Tuncer T, Kamath AP, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. CCPNet136: automated detection of schizophrenia using carbon chain pattern and iterative TQWT technique with EEG signals. Physiol Meas 2023; 44. [PMID: 36599170 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/acb03c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe, chronic psychiatric-cognitive disorder. The primary objective of this work is to present a handcrafted model using state-of-the-art technique to detect SZ accurately with EEG signals.Approach.In our proposed work, the features are generated using a histogram-based generator and an iterative decomposition model. The graph-based molecular structure of the carbon chain is employed to generate low-level features. Hence, the developed feature generation model is called the carbon chain pattern (CCP). An iterative tunable q-factor wavelet transform (ITQWT) technique is implemented in the feature extraction phase to generate various sub-bands of the EEG signal. The CCP was applied to the generated sub-bands to obtain several feature vectors. The clinically significant features were selected using iterative neighborhood component analysis (INCA). The selected features were then classified using the k nearest neighbor (kNN) with a 10-fold cross-validation strategy. Finally, the iterative weighted majority method was used to obtain the results in multiple channels.Main results.The presented CCP-ITQWT and INCA-based automated model achieved an accuracy of 95.84% and 99.20% using a single channel and majority voting method, respectively with kNN classifier.Significance.Our results highlight the success of the proposed CCP-ITQWT and INCA-based model in the automated detection of SZ using EEG signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Baygin
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- School of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,Center for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ilknur Tuncer
- Elazig Governorship, Interior Ministry, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sengul Dogan
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- Centre of Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Randwick 2031, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Turker Tuncer
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Aditya P Kamath
- Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States of America
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, S599489, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Faust O, De Michele S, Koh JE, Jahmunah V, Lih OS, Kamath AP, Barua PD, Ciaccio EJ, Lewis SK, Green PH, Bhagat G, Acharya UR. Automated analysis of small intestinal lamina propria to distinguish normal, Celiac Disease, and Non-Celiac Duodenitis biopsy images. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2023; 230:107320. [PMID: 36608429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Celiac Disease (CD) is characterized by gluten intolerance in genetically predisposed individuals. High disease prevalence, absence of a cure, and low diagnosis rates make this disease a public health problem. The diagnosis of CD predominantly relies on recognizing characteristic mucosal alterations of the small intestine, such as villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis. However, these changes are not entirely specific to CD and overlap with Non-Celiac Duodenitis (NCD) due to various etiologies. We investigated whether Artificial Intelligence (AI) models could assist in distinguishing normal, CD, and NCD (and unaffected individuals) based on the characteristics of small intestinal lamina propria (LP). METHODS Our method was developed using a dataset comprising high magnification biopsy images of the duodenal LP compartment of CD patients with different clinical stages of CD, those with NCD, and individuals lacking an intestinal inflammatory disorder (controls). A pre-processing step was used to standardize and enhance the acquired images. RESULTS For the normal controls versus CD use case, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) achieved an Accuracy (ACC) of 98.53%. For a second use case, we investigated the ability of the classification algorithm to differentiate between normal controls and NCD. In this use case, the SVM algorithm with linear kernel outperformed all the tested classifiers by achieving 98.55% ACC. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that documents automated differentiation between normal, NCD, and CD biopsy images. These findings are a stepping stone toward automated biopsy image analysis that can significantly benefit patients and healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simona De Michele
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Joel Ew Koh
- Department of Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - V Jahmunah
- Department of Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oh Shu Lih
- Department of Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Prabal Datta Barua
- Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Suzanne K Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Peter H Green
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA; Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, 463 Clementi Road, 599494, Singapore; Department of Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Kuluozturk M, Kobat MA, Barua PD, Dogan S, Tuncer T, Tan RS, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. DKPNet41: Directed knight pattern network-based cough sound classification model for automatic disease diagnosis. Med Eng Phys 2022; 110:103870. [PMID: 35989223 PMCID: PMC9356574 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Cough-based disease detection is a hot research topic for machine learning, and much research has been published on the automatic detection of Covid-19. However, these studies are useful for the diagnosis of different diseases. AIM In this work, we collected a new and large (n=642 subjects) cough sound dataset comprising four diagnostic categories: 'Covid-19', 'heart failure', 'acute asthma', and 'healthy', and used it to train, validate, and test a novel model designed for automatic detection. METHOD The model consists of four main components: novel feature generation based on a specifically directed knight pattern (DKP), signal decomposition using four pooling methods, feature selection using iterative neighborhood analysis (INCA), and classification using the k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier with ten-fold cross-validation. Multilevel multiple pooling decomposition combined with DKP yielded 41 feature vectors (40 extracted plus one original cough sound). From these, the ten best feature vectors were selected. Based on each vector's misclassification rate, redundant feature vectors were eliminated and then merged. The merged vector's most informative features automatically selected using INCA were input to a standard kNN classifier. RESULTS The model, called DKPNet41, attained a high accuracy of 99.39% for cough sound-based multiclass classification of the four categories. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the study showed that the DKPNet41 model automatically and efficiently classifies cough sounds for disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Kuluozturk
- Department of Pulmonology, Firat University Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kobat
- Department of Cardiology, Firat University Hospital, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
| | - Sengul Dogan
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Turker Tuncer
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, 599489, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Homayoun H, Yee Chan W, Mohammadi A, Yusuf Kuzan T, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, Wai Ling L, Murzoglu Altintoprak K, Vijayananthan A, Rahmat K, Ab Mumin MRad N, Sam Leong S, Ejtehadifar S, Faeghi F, Abolghasemi J, Ciaccio EJ, Rajendra Acharya U, Abbasian Ardakani A. Artificial Intelligence, BI-RADS Evaluation and Morphometry: A Novel Combination to Diagnose Breast Cancer Using Ultrasonography, Results from Multi-Center Cohorts. Eur J Radiol 2022; 157:110591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Finotti E, Quesada A, Ciaccio EJ, Garan H, Hornero F, Alcaraz R, Rieta JJ. Practical Considerations for the Application of Nonlinear Indices Characterizing the Atrial Substrate in Atrial Fibrillation. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 24:1261. [PMID: 36141147 PMCID: PMC9497841 DOI: 10.3390/e24091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, and in response to increasing clinical demand, a variety of signals and indices have been utilized for its analysis, which include complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs). New methodologies have been developed to characterize the atrial substrate, along with straightforward classification models to discriminate between paroxysmal and persistent AF (ParAF vs. PerAF). Yet, most previous works have missed the mark for the assessment of CFAE signal quality, as well as for studying their stability over time and between different recording locations. As a consequence, an atrial substrate assessment may be unreliable or inaccurate. The objectives of this work are, on the one hand, to make use of a reduced set of nonlinear indices that have been applied to CFAEs recorded from ParAF and PerAF patients to assess intra-recording and intra-patient stability and, on the other hand, to generate a simple classification model to discriminate between them. The dominant frequency (DF), AF cycle length, sample entropy (SE), and determinism (DET) of the Recurrence Quantification Analysis are the analyzed indices, along with the coefficient of variation (CV) which is utilized to indicate the corresponding alterations. The analysis of the intra-recording stability revealed that discarding noisy or artifacted CFAE segments provoked a significant variation in the CV(%) in any segment length for the DET and SE, with deeper decreases for longer segments. The intra-patient stability provided large variations in the CV(%) for the DET and even larger for the SE at any segment length. To discern ParAF versus PerAF, correlation matrix filters and Random Forests were employed, respectively, to remove redundant information and to rank the variables by relevance, while coarse tree models were built, optimally combining high-ranked indices, and tested with leave-one-out cross-validation. The best classification performance combined the SE and DF, with an accuracy (Acc) of 88.3%, to discriminate ParAF versus PerAF, while the highest single Acc was provided by the DET, reaching 82.2%. This work has demonstrated that due to the high variability of CFAEs data averaging from one recording place or among different recording places, as is traditionally made, it may lead to an unfair oversimplification of the CFAE-based atrial substrate characterization. Furthermore, a careful selection of reduced sets of features input to simple classification models is helpful to accurately discern the CFAEs of ParAF versus PerAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Finotti
- BioMIT.org, Electronic Engineering Department, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Quesada
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, General University Hospital Consortium of Valencia, 46014 Valencia, Spain
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fernando Hornero
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Alcaraz
- Research Group in Electronic, Biomedical and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain
| | - José J. Rieta
- BioMIT.org, Electronic Engineering Department, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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13
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Pagano PP, Ciaccio EJ, Garan H. Separation of cardiogenic oscillations from airflow waveforms using singular spectrum analysis. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 220:106803. [PMID: 35429811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Airflow fluctuations caused by cardiac contraction can trigger inappropriate ventilator pressure support in anesthesia machines and intensive care unit mechanical ventilators. Removal of this cardiogenic artifact from the airflow signal would improve ventilator function. The application of singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to remove cardiogenic oscillations from ventilator airflow signals recorded from intubated, mechanically ventilated patients under general anesthesia was evaluated in this study. METHODS Airflow (liters/minute) and CO2 (mmHg) data were collected at a sampling rate of 125 Hz from the intraoperative monitoring systems using special-purpose software. Simultaneous electrocardiogram signals (mV) were also collected at a sampling rate of 250 Hz. One-dimensional SSA was performed offline on normalized airflow signals using a window length sufficient to span one period of typical respiratory variation. The main components of the airflow waveform are respiratory excursions and cardiogenic oscillations, with respiratory excursions more slowly varying and of higher magnitude. The smooth respiratory waveform was formed from elementary reconstructed series corresponding to the highest singular values obtained with SSA analysis. The quality of respiratory waveform extraction with SSA was determined by calculating the weighted correlation between the selected elementary reconstructed series. RESULTS Airflow data was recorded from 6 patients. The respiratory component of the airflow signal without cardiogenic oscillations was reconstructed from elementary series corresponding to singular values of highest magnitude. The weighted correlations obtained were greater than 0.96 in the majority of patients studied. Cardiogenic oscillations were reconstructed from elementary reconstructed series corresponding to singular values of lower magnitude. CONCLUSIONS SSA is effective in extracting higher amplitude respiratory excursions while excluding lower amplitude cardiogenic oscillations and noise from the airflow signal. This study demonstrates that suppression of the cardiogenic artefact with SSA is computationally feasible to augment ventilator performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parwane P Pagano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 West 168th St. PH5, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Gudigar A, Raghavendra U, Samanth J, Dharmik C, Gangavarapu MR, Nayak K, Ciaccio EJ, Tan RS, Molinari F, Acharya UR. Novel Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis Index Using Deep Features and Local Directional Pattern Techniques. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8040102. [PMID: 35448229 PMCID: PMC9030738 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder that exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, including sudden death. Early diagnosis and intervention may avert the latter. Left ventricular hypertrophy on heart imaging is an important diagnostic criterion for HCM, and the most common imaging modality is heart ultrasound (US). The US is operator-dependent, and its interpretation is subject to human error and variability. We proposed an automated computer-aided diagnostic tool to discriminate HCM from healthy subjects on US images. We used a local directional pattern and the ResNet-50 pretrained network to classify heart US images acquired from 62 known HCM patients and 101 healthy subjects. Deep features were ranked using Student’s t-test, and the most significant feature (SigFea) was identified. An integrated index derived from the simulation was defined as 100·log10(SigFea/2) in each subject, and a diagnostic threshold value was empirically calculated as the mean of the minimum and maximum integrated indices among HCM and healthy subjects, respectively. An integrated index above a threshold of 0.5 separated HCM from healthy subjects with 100% accuracy in our test dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Gudigar
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (C.D.); (M.R.G.)
| | - U. Raghavendra
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (C.D.); (M.R.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jyothi Samanth
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (J.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Chinmay Dharmik
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (C.D.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Mokshagna Rohit Gangavarapu
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (C.D.); (M.R.G.)
| | - Krishnananda Nayak
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (J.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore;
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi, Singapore 599489, Singapore;
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore 599494, Singapore
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15
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Tanko D, Barua PD, Dogan S, Tuncer T, Palmer E, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. EPSPatNet86: eight-pointed star pattern learning network for detection ADHD disorder using EEG signals. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35377344 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac59dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.The main objective of this work is to present a hand-modelled one-dimensional signal classification system to detect Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) disorder using electroencephalography (EEG) signals.Approach.A novel handcrafted feature extraction method is presented in this research. Our proposed method uses a directed graph and an eight-pointed star pattern (EPSPat). Also, tunable q wavelet transforms (TQWT), wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), statistical extractor, iterative Chi2 (IChi2) selector, and the k-nearest neighbors (kNN) classifier have been utilized to develop the EPSPat based learning model. This network uses two wavelet decomposition methods (TQWT and WPD), and 85 wavelet coefficient bands are extracted. The proposed EPSPat and statistical feature creator generate features from the 85 wavelet coefficient bands and the original EEG signal. The learning network is termed EPSPatNet86. The main purpose of the presented EPSPatNet86 is to detect abnormalities of the EEG signals. Therefore, 85 wavelet subbands have been generated to extract features. The created 86 feature vectors have been evaluated using the Chi2 selector and the kNN classifier in the loss value calculation phase. The final features vector is created by employing a minimum loss-valued eight feature vectors. The IChi2 selector selects the best feature vector, which is fed to the kNN classifier. An EEG signal dataset has been used to demonstrate the presented model's EEG signal classification ability. We have used an ADHD EEG dataset since ADHD is a commonly seen brain-related ailment.Main results.Our developed EPSPatNet86 model can detect the ADHD EEG signals with 97.19% and 87.60% accuracy using 10-fold cross and subject-wise validations, respectively.Significance.The calculated results demonstrate that the presented EPSPatNet86 attained satisfactory EEG classification ability. Results show that we can apply our developed EPSPatNet86 model to other EEG signal datasets to detect abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahiru Tanko
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Australia.,Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sengul Dogan
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Turker Tuncer
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, Technology Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Elizabeth Palmer
- Centre of Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Randwick 2031, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Randwick 2031, Australia
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, United States of America
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, 599489, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Abbasian Ardakani A, Bureau NJ, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Interpretation of radiomics features-A pictorial review. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2022; 215:106609. [PMID: 34990929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiomics is a newcomer field that has opened new windows for precision medicine. It is related to extraction of a large number of quantitative features from medical images, which may be difficult to detect visually. Underlying tumor biology can change physical properties of tissues, which affect patterns of image pixels and radiomics features. The main advantage of radiomics is that it can characterize the whole tumor non-invasively, even after a single sampling from an image. Therefore, it can be linked to a "digital biopsy". Physicians need to know about radiomics features to determine how their values correlate with the appearance of lesions and diseases. Indeed, physicians need practical references to conceive of basics and concepts of each radiomics feature without knowing their sophisticated mathematical formulas. In this review, commonly used radiomics features are illustrated with practical examples to help physicians in their routine diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abbasian Ardakani
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nathalie J Bureau
- Department of Radiology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 1000 rue Saint- Denis, Montreal, Quebec, H2×0C1, Canada; Research Center, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montreal, Quebec, H2×0A9, Canada
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS When seeking a romantic partner, individuals with celiac disease (CD) must navigate challenging social situations. We aimed to investigate dating-related behaviors in adults with CD. METHODS A total of 11,884 affiliates of the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University were invited to participate in an online survey. Adults (≥ 18 years) with biopsy-diagnosed CD were included. Among the 5,249 who opened the email, 538 fully completed the survey (10.2%). The survey included a CD-specific dating attitudes/behaviors questionnaire, a Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ), a CD-specific quality of life instrument (CD-QOL), and a CD Food Attitudes and Behaviors scale (CD-FAB). RESULTS Respondents were primarily female (86.8%) and the plurality (24.4%) was in the 23-35 year age range. 44.3% had dated with CD, and among them, 68.4% reported that CD had a major/moderate impact on their dating life. A major/moderate impact was more commonly reported among females (69.3%, p < 0.001), 23-35-year-olds (77.7%, p = 0.015), those with a household income < $50 K (81.7%, p = 0.019), and those with a lower CD-QOL score (50.5 vs. 73.4, p = 0.002). While on dates, 39.3% were uncomfortable explaining precautions to waiters, 28.2% engaged in riskier eating behaviors, and 7.5% intentionally consumed gluten. 39.0% of all participants were hesitant to kiss their partner because of CD; females more so than males (41.1% vs. 22.7%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The majority of participants felt that CD had a major/moderate impact on their dating life. This impact may result in hesitation toward dating and kissing, decreased QOL, greater social anxiety, and less adaptive eating attitudes and behaviors. CD and the need to adhere to a gluten free diet have a major impact on dating and intimacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lebovits
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675The Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Anne R. Lee
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675The Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675The Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Randi L. Wolf
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Program in Nutrition, Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 137, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Rebecca H. Davies
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Program in Nutrition, Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 137, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Chloe Cerino
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Program in Nutrition, Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, Box 137, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675The Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Peter H. R. Green
- grid.239585.00000 0001 2285 2675The Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite 936, New York, NY 10032 USA
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18
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Ciaccio EJ, Anter E, Coromilas J, Wan EY, Yarmohammadi H, Wit AL, Peters NS, Garan H. Structure and function of the ventricular tachycardia isthmus. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:137-153. [PMID: 34371192 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catheter ablation of postinfarction reentrant ventricular tachycardia (VT) has received renewed interest owing to the increased availability of high-resolution electroanatomic mapping systems that can describe the VT circuits in greater detail, and the emergence and need to target noninvasive external beam radioablation. These recent advancements provide optimism for improving the clinical outcome of VT ablation in patients with postinfarction and potentially other scar-related VTs. The combination of analyses gleaned from studies in swine and canine models of postinfarction reentrant VT, and in human studies, suggests the existence of common electroanatomic properties for reentrant VT circuits. Characterizing these properties may be useful for increasing the specificity of substrate mapping techniques and for noninvasive identification to guide ablation. Herein, we describe properties of reentrant VT circuits that may assist in elucidating the mechanisms of onset and maintenance, as well as a means to localize and delineate optimal catheter ablation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York; ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Elad Anter
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiac Electrophysiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - James Coromilas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Elaine Y Wan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Andrew L Wit
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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19
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Inamdar MA, Raghavendra U, Gudigar A, Chakole Y, Hegde A, Menon GR, Barua P, Palmer EE, Cheong KH, Chan WY, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. A Review on Computer Aided Diagnosis of Acute Brain Stroke. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:8507. [PMID: 34960599 PMCID: PMC8707263 DOI: 10.3390/s21248507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Amongst the most common causes of death globally, stroke is one of top three affecting over 100 million people worldwide annually. There are two classes of stroke, namely ischemic stroke (due to impairment of blood supply, accounting for ~70% of all strokes) and hemorrhagic stroke (due to bleeding), both of which can result, if untreated, in permanently damaged brain tissue. The discovery that the affected brain tissue (i.e., 'ischemic penumbra') can be salvaged from permanent damage and the bourgeoning growth in computer aided diagnosis has led to major advances in stroke management. Abiding to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we have surveyed a total of 177 research papers published between 2010 and 2021 to highlight the current status and challenges faced by computer aided diagnosis (CAD), machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) based techniques for CT and MRI as prime modalities for stroke detection and lesion region segmentation. This work concludes by showcasing the current requirement of this domain, the preferred modality, and prospective research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Anil Inamdar
- Department of Mechatronics, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Udupi Raghavendra
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Anjan Gudigar
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yashas Chakole
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ajay Hegde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.H.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Girish R. Menon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.H.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Prabal Barua
- School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Emma Palmer
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore;
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia;
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore 599491, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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20
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Lee AR, Lebwohl B, Lebovits J, Wolf RL, Ciaccio EJ, Green PHR. Factors Associated with Maladaptive Eating Behaviors, Social Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Adults with Celiac Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:4494. [PMID: 34960046 PMCID: PMC8708489 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A gluten-free diet (GFD), which is the only treatment for celiac disease (CeD), is challenging and associated with higher levels of anxiety, disordered eating, and lower quality of life (QOL). We examined various demographic and health factors associated with social anxiety, eating attitudes and behaviors, and QOL. Demographics and health characteristics, QOL, eating attitudes and behaviors, and social anxiety of adults with CeD were acquired using validated measures. The mean scores for QOL, SAQ, and CDFAB were compared across various demographic groups using the Z statistical test. The mean QOL score was 57.8, which is in the moderate range. The social anxiety mean scores were high: 78.82, with 9% meeting the clinical cutoff for social anxiety disorder. Those on a GFD for a short duration had significantly higher SAQ scores (worse anxiety), higher CDFAB scores (worse eating attitudes and behavior), and lower QOL scores. Those aged 23-35 years had lower QOL scores (p < 0.003) and higher SAQ scores (p < 0.003). Being single (p < 0.001) and female (p = 0.026) were associated with higher SAQ scores. These findings suggest that the development of targeted interventions to maximize QOL and healthy eating behaviors as well as to minimize anxiety is imperative for some adults with CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R. Lee
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (B.L.); (J.L.); (E.J.C.); (P.H.R.G.)
| | - Benjamin Lebwohl
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (B.L.); (J.L.); (E.J.C.); (P.H.R.G.)
| | - Jessica Lebovits
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (B.L.); (J.L.); (E.J.C.); (P.H.R.G.)
| | - Randi L. Wolf
- Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (B.L.); (J.L.); (E.J.C.); (P.H.R.G.)
| | - Peter H. R. Green
- Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (B.L.); (J.L.); (E.J.C.); (P.H.R.G.)
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21
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Barua PD, Chan WY, Dogan S, Baygin M, Tuncer T, Ciaccio EJ, Islam N, Cheong KH, Shahid ZS, Acharya UR. Multilevel Deep Feature Generation Framework for Automated Detection of Retinal Abnormalities Using OCT Images. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:1651. [PMID: 34945957 PMCID: PMC8700736 DOI: 10.3390/e23121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images coupled with many learning techniques have been developed to diagnose retinal disorders. This work aims to develop a novel framework for extracting deep features from 18 pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNN) and to attain high performance using OCT images. In this work, we have developed a new framework for automated detection of retinal disorders using transfer learning. This model consists of three phases: deep fused and multilevel feature extraction, using 18 pre-trained networks and tent maximal pooling, feature selection with ReliefF, and classification using the optimized classifier. The novelty of this proposed framework is the feature generation using widely used CNNs and to select the most suitable features for classification. The extracted features using our proposed intelligent feature extractor are fed to iterative ReliefF (IRF) to automatically select the best feature vector. The quadratic support vector machine (QSVM) is utilized as a classifier in this work. We have developed our model using two public OCT image datasets, and they are named database 1 (DB1) and database 2 (DB2). The proposed framework can attain 97.40% and 100% classification accuracies using the two OCT datasets, DB1 and DB2, respectively. These results illustrate the success of our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabal Datta Barua
- School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- University Malaya Research Imaging Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 59100, Malaysia;
| | - Sengul Dogan
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig 23002, Turkey; (S.D.); (T.T.)
| | - Mehmet Baygin
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Ardahan University, Ardahan 75000, Turkey;
| | - Turker Tuncer
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig 23002, Turkey; (S.D.); (T.T.)
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032-3784, USA;
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Glaucoma Faculty, Bangladesh Eye Hospital & Institute, Dhaka 1206, Bangladesh;
| | - Kang Hao Cheong
- Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Zakia Sultana Shahid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Singapore 129799, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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22
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Gudigar A, Raghavendra U, Nayak S, Ooi CP, Chan WY, Gangavarapu MR, Dharmik C, Samanth J, Kadri NA, Hasikin K, Barua PD, Chakraborty S, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Role of Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 Detection. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:8045. [PMID: 34884045 PMCID: PMC8659534 DOI: 10.3390/s21238045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused millions of deaths and affected the livelihood of many more people. Early and rapid detection of COVID-19 is a challenging task for the medical community, but it is also crucial in stopping the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Prior substantiation of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields of science has encouraged researchers to further address this problem. Various medical imaging modalities including X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US) using AI techniques have greatly helped to curb the COVID-19 outbreak by assisting with early diagnosis. We carried out a systematic review on state-of-the-art AI techniques applied with X-ray, CT, and US images to detect COVID-19. In this paper, we discuss approaches used by various authors and the significance of these research efforts, the potential challenges, and future trends related to the implementation of an AI system for disease detection during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Gudigar
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (S.N.); (M.R.G.); (C.D.)
| | - U Raghavendra
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (S.N.); (M.R.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Sneha Nayak
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (S.N.); (M.R.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Chui Ping Ooi
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore 599494, Singapore;
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Mokshagna Rohit Gangavarapu
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (S.N.); (M.R.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Chinmay Dharmik
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; (A.G.); (S.N.); (M.R.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Jyothi Samanth
- Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Nahrizul Adib Kadri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (N.A.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Khairunnisa Hasikin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (N.A.K.); (K.H.)
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia;
- School of Business (Information Systems), Faculty of Business, Education, Law & Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture, Business and Law, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore;
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Murat F, Yildirim O, Talo M, Demir Y, Tan RS, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Exploring deep features and ECG attributes to detect cardiac rhythm classes. Knowl Based Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2021.107473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Kobat MA, Kivrak T, Barua PD, Tuncer T, Dogan S, Tan RS, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Automated COVID-19 and Heart Failure Detection Using DNA Pattern Technique with Cough Sounds. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1962. [PMID: 34829308 PMCID: PMC8620352 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 and heart failure (HF) are common disorders and although they share some similar symptoms, they require different treatments. Accurate diagnosis of these disorders is crucial for disease management, including patient isolation to curb infection spread of COVID-19. In this work, we aim to develop a computer-aided diagnostic system that can accurately differentiate these three classes (normal, COVID-19 and HF) using cough sounds. A novel handcrafted model was used to classify COVID-19 vs. healthy (Case 1), HF vs. healthy (Case 2) and COVID-19 vs. HF vs. healthy (Case 3) automatically using deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) patterns. The model was developed using the cough sounds collected from 241 COVID-19 patients, 244 HF patients, and 247 healthy subjects using a hand phone. To the best our knowledge, this is the first work to automatically classify healthy subjects, HF and COVID-19 patients using cough sounds signals. Our proposed model comprises a graph-based local feature generator (DNA pattern), an iterative maximum relevance minimum redundancy (ImRMR) iterative feature selector, with classification using the k-nearest neighbor classifier. Our proposed model attained an accuracy of 100.0%, 99.38%, and 99.49% for Case 1, Case 2, and Case 3, respectively. The developed system is completely automated and economical, and can be utilized to accurately detect COVID-19 versus HF using cough sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Kobat
- Department of Cardiology, Firat University Hospital, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (M.A.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Tarik Kivrak
- Department of Cardiology, Firat University Hospital, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (M.A.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Prabal Datta Barua
- School of Management & Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Turker Tuncer
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (T.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Sengul Dogan
- Department of Digital Forensics Engineering, College of Technology, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey; (T.T.); (S.D.)
| | - Ru-San Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore;
- Department of Cardiology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Clementi 599494, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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25
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Faust O, Kareem M, Ali A, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Automated Arrhythmia Detection Based on RR Intervals. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081446. [PMID: 34441380 PMCID: PMC8391893 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal heart rhythms, also known as arrhythmias, can be life-threatening. AFIB and AFL are examples of arrhythmia that affect a growing number of patients. This paper describes a method that can support clinicians during arrhythmia diagnosis. We propose a deep learning algorithm to discriminate AFIB, AFL, and NSR RR interval signals. The algorithm was designed with data from 4051 subjects. With 10-fold cross-validation, the algorithm achieved the following results: ACC = 99.98%, SEN = 100.00%, and SPE = 99.94%. These results are significant because they show that it is possible to automate arrhythmia detection in RR interval signals. Such a detection method makes economic sense because RR interval signals are cost-effective to measure, communicate, and process. Having such a cost-effective solution might lead to widespread long-term monitoring, which can help detecting arrhythmia earlier. Detection can lead to treatment, which improves outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Faust
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Murtadha Kareem
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Ali Ali
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine—Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Clementi 599494, Singapore
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26
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Kareem M, Lei N, Ali A, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR, Faust O. A review of patient-led data acquisition for atrial fibrillation detection to prevent stroke. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Faust O, En Wei Koh J, Jahmunah V, Sabut S, Ciaccio EJ, Majid A, Ali A, Lip GYH, Acharya UR. Fusion of Higher Order Spectra and Texture Extraction Methods for Automated Stroke Severity Classification with MRI Images. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:8059. [PMID: 34360349 PMCID: PMC8345794 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a scientific foundation for automated stroke severity classification. We have constructed and assessed a system which extracts diagnostically relevant information from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. The design was based on 267 images that show the brain from individual subjects after stroke. They were labeled as either Lacunar Syndrome (LACS), Partial Anterior Circulation Syndrome (PACS), or Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (TACS). The labels indicate different physiological processes which manifest themselves in distinct image texture. The processing system was tasked with extracting texture information that could be used to classify a brain MRI image from a stroke survivor into either LACS, PACS, or TACS. We analyzed 6475 features that were obtained with Gray-Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM), Higher Order Spectra (HOS), as well as a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) methods. The resulting features were ranked based on the p-value extracted with the Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) algorithm. The ranked features were used to train and test four types of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification algorithms according to the rules of 10-fold cross-validation. We found that SVM with Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel achieves: Accuracy (ACC) = 93.62%, Specificity (SPE) = 95.91%, Sensitivity (SEN) = 92.44%, and Dice-score = 0.95. These results indicate that computer aided stroke severity diagnosis support is possible. Such systems might lead to progress in stroke diagnosis by enabling healthcare professionals to improve diagnosis and management of stroke patients with the same resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Faust
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Joel En Wei Koh
- School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (J.E.W.K.); (V.J.); (U.R.A.)
| | - Vicnesh Jahmunah
- School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (J.E.W.K.); (V.J.); (U.R.A.)
| | - Sukant Sabut
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India;
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK;
| | - Ali Ali
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L69 7TX, UK;
- Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- School of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (J.E.W.K.); (V.J.); (U.R.A.)
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599494, Singapore
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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Li BN, Wang X, Wang R, Zhou T, Gao R, Ciaccio EJ, Green PH. Celiac Disease Detection From Videocapsule Endoscopy Images Using Strip Principal Component Analysis. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2021; 18:1396-1404. [PMID: 31751282 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2019.2953701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to implement principal component analysis (PCA) on videocapsule endoscopy (VE) images to develop a new computerized tool for celiac disease recognition. Three PCA algorithms were implemented for feature extraction and sparse representation. A novel strip PCA (SPCA) with nongreedy L1-norm maximization is proposed for VE image analysis. The extracted principal components were interpreted by a non-parametric k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method for automated celiac disease classification. A benchmark dataset of 460 images (240 from celiac disease patients with small intestinal villous atrophy versus 220 control patients lacking villous atrophy) was constructed from the clinical VE series. It was found that the newly developed SPCA with nongreedy L1-norm maximization was most efficient for computerized celiac disease recognition, having a robust performance with an average recognition accuracy of 93.9 percent. Furthermore, SPCA also has a reduced computation time as compared with other methods. Therefore, it is likely that SPCA will be a helpful adjunct for the diagnosis of celiac disease.
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Cheong KH, Tang KJW, Zhao X, Koh JEW, Faust O, Gururajan R, Ciaccio EJ, Rajinikanth V, Acharya UR. An automated skin melanoma detection system with melanoma-index based on entropy features. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Gudigar A, U R, Samanth J, Gangavarapu MR, Kudva A, Paramasivam G, Nayak K, Tan RS, Molinari F, Ciaccio EJ, Rajendra Acharya U. Automated detection of chronic kidney disease using image fusion and graph embedding techniques with ultrasound images. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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V. V, Gudigar A, Raghavendra U, Hegde A, Menon GR, Molinari F, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Automated Detection and Screening of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Using Computed Tomography Images: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:6499. [PMID: 34208596 PMCID: PMC8296416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs due to the disruption in the normal functioning of the brain by sudden external forces. The primary and secondary injuries due to TBI include intracranial hematoma (ICH), raised intracranial pressure (ICP), and midline shift (MLS), which can result in significant lifetime disabilities and death. Hence, early diagnosis of TBI is crucial to improve patient outcome. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred modality of choice to assess the severity of TBI. However, manual visualization and inspection of hematoma and its complications from CT scans is a highly operator-dependent and time-consuming task, which can lead to an inappropriate or delayed prognosis. The development of computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems could be helpful for accurate, early management of TBI. In this paper, a systematic review of prevailing CAD systems for the detection of hematoma, raised ICP, and MLS in non-contrast axial CT brain images is presented. We also suggest future research to enhance the performance of CAD for early and accurate TBI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhya V.
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Anjan Gudigar
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - U. Raghavendra
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Ajay Hegde
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow G51 4LB, UK;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Girish R. Menon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India;
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Department of Electronics, Politecnico di Torino, 24 Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, 463 Clementi Road, Singapore 599491, Singapore
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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Oh SL, Jahmunah V, Arunkumar N, Abdulhay EW, Gururajan R, Adib N, Ciaccio EJ, Cheong KH, Acharya UR. A novel automated autism spectrum disorder detection system. COMPLEX INTELL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40747-021-00408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout a person’s life. Autism is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Lack of social interaction, communication problems, and a limited range of behaviors and interests are possible characteristics of autism in children, alongside other symptoms. Electroencephalograms provide useful information about changes in brain activity and hence are efficaciously used for diagnosis of neurological disease. Eighteen nonlinear features were extracted from EEG signals of 40 children with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and 37 children with no diagnosis of neuro developmental disorder children. Feature selection was performed using Student’s t test, and Marginal Fisher Analysis was employed for data reduction. The features were ranked according to Student’s t test. The three most significant features were used to develop the autism index, while the ranked feature set was input to SVM polynomials 1, 2, and 3 for classification. The SVM polynomial 2 yielded the highest classification accuracy of 98.70% with 20 features. The developed classification system is likely to aid healthcare professionals as a diagnostic tool to detect autism. With more data, in our future work, we intend to employ deep learning models and to explore a cloud-based detection system for the detection of autism. Our study is novel, as we have analyzed all nonlinear features, and we are one of the first groups to have uniquely developed an autism (ASD) index using the extracted features.
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Jahmunah V, Sudarshan VK, Oh SL, Gururajan R, Gururajan R, Zhou X, Tao X, Faust O, Ciaccio EJ, Ng KH, Acharya UR. Future IoT tools for COVID-19 contact tracing and prediction: A review of the state-of-the-science. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 2021; 31:455-471. [PMID: 33821093 PMCID: PMC8013643 DOI: 10.1002/ima.22552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 the world is facing unprecedented challenges due to COVID-19. To address these challenges, many digital tools are being explored and developed to contain the spread of the disease. With the lack of availability of vaccines, there is an urgent need to avert resurgence of infections by putting some measures, such as contact tracing, in place. While digital tools, such as phone applications are advantageous, they also pose challenges and have limitations (eg, wireless coverage could be an issue in some cases). On the other hand, wearable devices, when coupled with the Internet of Things (IoT), are expected to influence lifestyle and healthcare directly, and they may be useful for health monitoring during the global pandemic and beyond. In this work, we conduct a literature review of contact tracing methods and applications. Based on the literature review, we found limitations in gathering health data, such as insufficient network coverage. To address these shortcomings, we propose a novel intelligent tool that will be useful for contact tracing and prediction of COVID-19 clusters. The solution comprises a phone application combined with a wearable device, infused with unique intelligent IoT features (complex data analysis and intelligent data visualization) embedded within the system to aid in COVID-19 analysis. Contact tracing applications must establish data collection and data interpretation. Intelligent data interpretation can assist epidemiological scientists in anticipating clusters, and can enable them to take necessary action in improving public health management. Our proposed tool could also be used to curb disease incidence in future global health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidya K. Sudarshan
- Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Social Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social SciencesSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shu Lih Oh
- School of EngineeringNgee Ann PolytechnicSingaporeSingapore
| | - Raj Gururajan
- School of Management and EnterpriseUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Xujuan Zhou
- School of Management and EnterpriseUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Xiaohui Tao
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Oliver Faust
- Department of Engineering and MathematicsSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine – CardiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Kwan Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical ImagingUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological SciencesCollege of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- School of EngineeringNgee Ann PolytechnicSingaporeSingapore
- Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Social Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social SciencesSingaporeSingapore
- School of Management and EnterpriseUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQueenslandAustralia
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Department Bioinformatics and Medical EngineeringAsia UniversityWufengTaiwan
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Koh JEW, De Michele S, Sudarshan VK, Jahmunah V, Ciaccio EJ, Ooi CP, Gururajan R, Gururajan R, Oh SL, Lewis SK, Green PH, Bhagat G, Acharya UR. Automated interpretation of biopsy images for the detection of celiac disease using a machine learning approach. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2021; 203:106010. [PMID: 33831693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease occurring in about 1 in 100 people worldwide. Early diagnosis and efficient treatment are crucial in mitigating the complications that are associated with untreated celiac disease, such as intestinal lymphoma and malignancy, and the subsequent high morbidity. The current diagnostic methods using small intestinal biopsy histopathology, endoscopy, and video capsule endoscopy (VCE) involve manual interpretation of photomicrographs or images, which can be time-consuming and difficult, with inter-observer variability. In this paper, a machine learning technique was developed for the automation of biopsy image analysis to detect and classify villous atrophy based on modified Marsh scores. This is one of the first studies to employ conventional machine learning to automate the use of biopsy images for celiac disease detection and classification. METHODS The Steerable Pyramid Transform (SPT) method was used to obtain sub bands from which various types of entropy and nonlinear features were computed. All extracted features were automatically classified into two-class and multi-class, using six classifiers. RESULTS An accuracy of 88.89%, was achieved for the classification of two-class villous abnormalities based on analysis of Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained biopsy images. Similarly, an accuracy of 82.92% was achieved for the two-class classification of red-green-blue (RGB) biopsy images. Also, an accuracy of 72% was achieved in the classification of multi-class biopsy images. CONCLUSION The results obtained are promising, and demonstrate the possibility of automating biopsy image interpretation using machine learning. This can assist pathologists in accelerating the diagnostic process without bias, resulting in greater accuracy, and ultimately, earlier access to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel En Wei Koh
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Simona De Michele
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Vidya K Sudarshan
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore
| | - V Jahmunah
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Chui Ping Ooi
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore
| | - Raj Gururajan
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland Springfield, Australia
| | | | - Shu Lih Oh
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Suzanne K Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Peter H Green
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, USA
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore; School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore; School of Business, University of Southern Queensland Springfield, Australia; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taiwan; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST) Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Lei N, Kareem M, Moon SK, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR, Faust O. Hybrid Decision Support to Monitor Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:813. [PMID: 33477887 PMCID: PMC7833442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss hybrid decision support to monitor atrial fibrillation for stroke prevention. Hybrid decision support takes the form of human experts and machine algorithms working cooperatively on a diagnosis. The link to stroke prevention comes from the fact that patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) have a fivefold increased stroke risk. Early diagnosis, which leads to adequate AF treatment, can decrease the stroke risk by 66% and thereby prevent stroke. The monitoring service is based on Heart Rate (HR) measurements. The resulting signals are communicated and stored with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. A Deep Learning (DL) algorithm automatically estimates the AF probability. Based on this technology, we can offer four distinct services to healthcare providers: (1) universal access to patient data; (2) automated AF detection and alarm; (3) physician support; and (4) feedback channels. These four services create an environment where physicians can work symbiotically with machine algorithms to establish and communicate a high quality AF diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningrong Lei
- College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Murtadha Kareem
- Materials & Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Seung Ki Moon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine-Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 598269, Singapore;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- School of Management and Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia
| | - Oliver Faust
- College of Business, Technology and Engineering, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
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Goldenthal IL, Ciaccio EJ, Sciacca RR, Garan H, Biviano AB. Increased body mass index, age, and left atrial size are associated with altered intracardiac atrial electrograms in persistent atrial fibrillation patients. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 62:569-577. [PMID: 33432475 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00933-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies evaluating whether atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with increased BMI, age, and left atrial (LA) size have altered intracardiac electrogram (EGM) morphology. METHODS We analyzed left atrial intracardiac EGMs acquired during invasive electrophysiology study in 54 patients with AF. EGM correlations were assessed among AF risk factors including age, left atrial size, and BMI. RESULTS BMI correlated positively with DF (r2 = 0.17, p = 0.009) and MP (r2 = 0.16, p = 0.01) with dominant frequency (DF) and mean spectral profile (MP) greater among obese individuals. Age was negatively associated with mean amplitude (r2 = 0.42, p < 0.001) and width (r2 = 0.32, p < 0.001); age was positively correlated with MP (r2 = 0.24, p < 0.001). LA size was negatively correlated with mean amplitude (r2 = 0.18, p = 0.03) and width (r2 = 0.23, p = 0.01); LA size was positively correlated with DF (r2 = 0.22, p = 0.01) and MP (r2 = 0.23, p = 0.01). Mean amplitude and width were decreased among subjects with a severely enlarged LA; DF and MP were increased in those with severely enlarged LA. The associations with BMI and LA size remained significant in multiple regression models that included age, male gender, time since AF diagnosis, and LVEF. CONCLUSIONS EGM morphology of AF patients with increased BMI, older age, and an enlarged LA possessed decreased amplitude and decreased width and increased DF and MP. These findings suggest that atrial remodeling due to increased age, LA size, and BMI is associated with differences in local atrial activation, decreased refractoriness, and more heterogeneous activation. These novel findings point out clinical risk factors for atrial fibrillation that may affect electrogram characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac L Goldenthal
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Robert R Sciacca
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hasan Garan
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Angelo B Biviano
- Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 161 Fort Washington Ave #546, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Raghavendra U, Pham TH, Gudigar A, Vidhya V, Rao BN, Sabut S, Wei JKE, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Novel and accurate non-linear index for the automated detection of haemorrhagic brain stroke using CT images. COMPLEX INTELL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40747-020-00257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBrain stroke is an emergency medical condition which occurs mainly due to insufficient blood flow to the brain. It results in permanent cellular-level damage. There are two main types of brain stroke, ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic brain stroke is caused by a lack of blood flow, and the haemorrhagic form is due to internal bleeding. The affected part of brain will not function properly after this attack. Hence, early detection is important for more efficacious treatment. Computer-aided diagnosis is a type of non-invasive diagnostic tool which can help in detecting life-threatening disease in its early stage by utilizing image processing and soft computing techniques. In this paper, we have developed one such model to assess intracerebral haemorrhage by employing non-linear features combined with a probabilistic neural network classifier and computed tomography (CT) images. Our model achieved a maximum accuracy of 97.37% in discerning normal versus haemorrhagic subjects. An intracerebral haemorrhage index is also developed using only three significant features. The clinical and statistical validation of the model confirms its suitability in providing for improved treatment planning and in making strategic decisions.
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Faust O, Barika R, Shenfield A, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Accurate detection of sleep apnea with long short-term memory network based on RR interval signals. Knowl Based Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Acharya UR, Faust O, Ciaccio EJ, Koh JEW, Oh SL, Tan RS, Garan H. Corrigendum to 'Application of nonlinear methods to discriminate fractionated electrograms in paroxysmal versus persistent atrial fibrillation' Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 175 (2019) 163-178. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 197:105773. [PMID: 33002790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SIM University, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Oliver Faust
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Joel En Wei Koh
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Shu Lih Oh
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Ru San Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Yildirim O, Talo M, Ciaccio EJ, Tan RS, Acharya UR. Accurate deep neural network model to detect cardiac arrhythmia on more than 10,000 individual subject ECG records. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 197:105740. [PMID: 32932129 PMCID: PMC7477611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Cardiac arrhythmia, which is an abnormal heart rhythm, is a common clinical problem in cardiology. Detection of arrhythmia on an extended duration electrocardiogram (ECG) is done based on initial algorithmic software screening, with final visual validation by cardiologists. It is a time consuming and subjective process. Therefore, fully automated computer-assisted detection systems with a high degree of accuracy have an essential role in this task. In this study, we proposed an effective deep neural network (DNN) model to detect different rhythm classes from a new ECG database. METHODS Our DNN model was designed for high performance on all ECG leads. The proposed model, which included both representation learning and sequence learning tasks, showed promising results on all 12-lead inputs. Convolutional layers and sub-sampling layers were used in the representation learning phase. The sequence learning part involved a long short-term memory (LSTM) unit after representation of learning layers. RESULTS We performed two different class scenarios, including reduced rhythms (seven rhythm types) and merged rhythms (four rhythm types) according to the records from the database. Our trained DNN model achieved 92.24% and 96.13% accuracies for the reduced and merged rhythm classes, respectively. CONCLUSION Recently, deep learning algorithms have been found to be useful because of their high performance. The main challenge is the scarcity of appropriate training and testing resources because model performance is dependent on the quality and quantity of case samples. In this study, we used a new public arrhythmia database comprising more than 10,000 records. We constructed an efficient DNN model for automated detection of arrhythmia using these records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Yildirim
- Department of Computer Engineering, Munzur University, Tunceli,62000, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Talo
- Department of Software Engineering, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ru San Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Management and Enterprise University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia.
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Oh SL, Jahmunah V, Ooi CP, Tan RS, Ciaccio EJ, Yamakawa T, Tanabe M, Kobayashi M, Rajendra Acharya U. Classification of heart sound signals using a novel deep WaveNet model. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 196:105604. [PMID: 32593061 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The high mortality rate and increasing prevalence of heart valve diseases globally warrant the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis of such diseases. Phonocardiogram (PCG) signals are used in this study due to the low cost of obtaining the signals. This study classifies five types of heart sounds, namely normal, aortic stenosis, mitral valve prolapse, mitral stenosis, and mitral regurgitation. METHODS We have proposed a novel in-house developed deep WaveNet model for automated classification of five types of heart sounds. The model is developed using a total of 1000 PCG recordings belonging to five classes with 200 recordings in each class. RESULTS We have achieved a training accuracy of 97% for the classification of heart sounds into five classes. The highest classification accuracy of 98.20% was achieved for the normal class. The developed model was validated with a 10-fold cross-validation, thus affirming its robustness. CONCLUSION The study results clearly indicate that the developed model is able to classify five types of heart sounds accurately. The developed system can be used by cardiologists to aid in the detection of heart valve diseases in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Lih Oh
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore
| | - V Jahmunah
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore
| | - Chui Ping Ooi
- School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, 463 Clementi Road, 599494, Singapore
| | | | | | - Toshitaka Yamakawa
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanabe
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Kobayashi
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore 599489, Singapore; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taiwan.
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Ciaccio EJ, Coromilas J, Wan EY, Yarmohammadi H, Saluja DS, Biviano AB, Wit AL, Peters NS, Garan H. Slow uniform electrical activation during sinus rhythm is an indicator of reentrant VT isthmus location and orientation in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 196:105666. [PMID: 32717622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To validate the predictability of reentrant circuit isthmus locations without ventricular tachycardia (VT) induction during high-definition mapping, we used computer methods to analyse sinus rhythm activation in experiments where isthmus location was subsequently verified by mapping reentrant VT circuits. METHOD In 21 experiments using a canine postinfarction model, bipolar electrograms were obtained from 196-312 recordings with 4mm spacing in the epicardial border zone during sinus rhythm and during VT. From computerized electrical activation maps of the reentrant circuit, areas of conduction block were determined and the isthmus was localized. A linear regression was computed at three different locations about the reentry isthmus using sinus rhythm electrogram activation data. From the regression analysis, the uniformity, a measure of the constancy at which the wavefront propagates, and the activation gradient, a measure that may approximate wavefront speed, were computed. The purpose was to test the hypothesis that the isthmus locates in a region of slow uniform activation bounded by areas of electrical discontinuity. RESULTS Based on the regression parameters, sinus rhythm activation along the isthmus near its exit proceeded uniformly (mean r2= 0.95±0.05) and with a low magnitude gradient (mean 0.37±0.10mm/ms). Perpendicular to the isthmus long-axis across its boundaries, the activation wavefront propagated much less uniformly (mean r2= 0.76±0.24) although of similar gradient (mean 0.38±0.23mm/ms). In the opposite direction from the exit, at the isthmus entrance, there was also less uniformity (mean r2= 0.80±0.22) but a larger magnitude gradient (mean 0.50±0.25mm/ms). A theoretical ablation line drawn perpendicular to the last sinus rhythm activation site along the isthmus long-axis was predicted to prevent VT reinduction. Anatomical conduction block occurred in 7/21 experiments, but comprised only small portions of the isthmus lateral boundaries; thus detection of sinus rhythm conduction block alone was insufficient to entirely define the VT isthmus. CONCLUSIONS Uniform activation with a low magnitude gradient during sinus rhythm is present at the VT isthmus exit location but there is less uniformity across the isthmus lateral boundaries and at isthmus entrance locations. These factors may be useful to verify any proposed VT isthmus location, reducing the need for VT induction to ablate the isthmus. Measured computerized values similar to those determined herein could therefore be assistive to sharpen specificity when applying sinus rhythm mapping to localize EP catheter ablation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA; ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - James Coromilas
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elaine Y Wan
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Hirad Yarmohammadi
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Deepak S Saluja
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angelo B Biviano
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew L Wit
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas S Peters
- ElectroCardioMaths Programme, Imperial Centre for Cardiac Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Faust O, Lei N, Chew E, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. A Smart Service Platform for Cost Efficient Cardiac Health Monitoring. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E6313. [PMID: 32872667 PMCID: PMC7504315 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study we have investigated the problem of cost effective wireless heart health monitoring from a service design perspective. SUBJECT AND METHODS There is a great medical and economic need to support the diagnosis of a wide range of debilitating and indeed fatal non-communicable diseases, like Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), Atrial Fibrillation (AF), diabetes, and sleep disorders. To address this need, we put forward the idea that the combination of Heart Rate (HR) measurements, Internet of Things (IoT), and advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI), forms a Heart Health Monitoring Service Platform (HHMSP). This service platform can be used for multi-disease monitoring, where a distinct service meets the needs of patients having a specific disease. The service functionality is realized by combining common and distinct modules. This forms the technological basis which facilitates a hybrid diagnosis process where machines and practitioners work cooperatively to improve outcomes for patients. RESULTS Human checks and balances on independent machine decisions maintain safety and reliability of the diagnosis. Cost efficiency comes from efficient signal processing and replacing manual analysis with AI based machine classification. To show the practicality of the proposed service platform, we have implemented an AF monitoring service. CONCLUSION Having common modules allows us to harvest the economies of scale. That is an advantage, because the fixed cost for the infrastructure is shared among a large group of customers. Distinct modules define which AI models are used and how the communication with practitioners, caregivers and patients is handled. That makes the proposed HHMSP agile enough to address safety, reliability and functionality needs from healthcare providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Faust
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Ningrong Lei
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Eng Chew
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine—Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- School of Management and Enterprise, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4350, Australia
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Faust O, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. A Review of Atrial Fibrillation Detection Methods as a Service. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3093. [PMID: 32365521 PMCID: PMC7246533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is a common heart arrhythmia that often goes undetected, and even if it is detected, managing the condition may be challenging. In this paper, we review how the RR interval and Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, incorporated into a monitoring system, can be useful to track AF events. Were such an automated system to be implemented, it could be used to help manage AF and thereby reduce patient morbidity and mortality. The main impetus behind the idea of developing a service is that a greater data volume analyzed can lead to better patient outcomes. Based on the literature review, which we present herein, we introduce the methods that can be used to detect AF efficiently and automatically via the RR interval and ECG signals. A cardiovascular disease monitoring service that incorporates one or multiple of these detection methods could extend event observation to all times, and could therefore become useful to establish any AF occurrence. The development of an automated and efficient method that monitors AF in real time would likely become a key component for meeting public health goals regarding the reduction of fatalities caused by the disease. Yet, at present, significant technological and regulatory obstacles remain, which prevent the development of any proposed system. Establishment of the scientific foundation for monitoring is important to provide effective service to patients and healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Faust
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine—Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Electronic & Computer Engineering, Singapore 599489, Singapore;
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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45
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Gudigar A, Raghavendra U, Hegde A, Kalyani M, Ciaccio EJ, Rajendra Acharya U. Brain pathology identification using computer aided diagnostic tool: A systematic review. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 187:105205. [PMID: 31786457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Computer aided diagnostic (CAD) has become a significant tool in expanding patient quality-of-life by reducing human errors in diagnosis. CAD can expedite decision-making on complex clinical data automatically. Since brain diseases can be fatal, rapid identification of brain pathology to prolong patient life is an important research topic. Many algorithms have been proposed for efficient brain pathology identification (BPI) over the past decade. Constant refinement of the various image processing algorithms must take place to expand performance of the automatic BPI task. In this paper, a systematic survey of contemporary BPI algorithms using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented. A summarization of recent literature provides investigators with a helpful synopsis of the domain. Furthermore, to enhance the performance of BPI, future research directions are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Gudigar
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - U Raghavendra
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
| | - Ajay Hegde
- Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - M Kalyani
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Clementi 599489, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, SUSS University, Clementi 599491, Singapore; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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46
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Wang X, Qian H, Ciaccio EJ, Lewis SK, Bhagat G, Green PH, Xu S, Huang L, Gao R, Liu Y. Celiac disease diagnosis from videocapsule endoscopy images with residual learning and deep feature extraction. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2020; 187:105236. [PMID: 31786452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) is a relatively new technique for evaluating the presence of villous atrophy in celiac disease patients. The diagnostic analysis of video frames is currently time-consuming and tedious. Recently, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have become an attractive research area for diagnosing celiac disease. However, the images captured from VCE are susceptible to alterations in light illumination, rotation direction, and intestinal secretions. Moreover, textural features of the mucosal villi obtained by VCE are difficult to characterize and extract. This work aims to find a novel deep learning feature learning module to assist in the diagnosis of celiac disease. METHODS In this manuscript, we propose a novel deep learning recalibration module which shows significant gain in diagnosing celiac disease. In this recalibration module, the block-wise recalibration component is newly employed to capture the most salient feature in the local channel feature map. This learning module was embedded into ResNet50, Inception-v3 to diagnose celiac disease using a 10-time 10-fold cross-validation based upon analysis of VCE images. In addition, we employed model weights to extract feature points from training and test samples before the last fully connected layer, and then input to a support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for differentiating celiac disease images from heathy controls. RESULTS Overall, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the 10-time 10-fold cross-validation were 95.94%, 97.20% and 95.63%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A novel deep learning recalibration module, with global response and local salient factors is proposed, and it has a high potential for utilizing deep learning networks to diagnose celiac disease using VCE images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Wang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Haiyang Qian
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Medicine - Celiac Disease Center, New York, USA
| | - Suzanne K Lewis
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Medicine - Celiac Disease Center, New York, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Medicine - Celiac Disease Center, New York, USA; Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, New York, USA
| | - Peter H Green
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Medicine - Celiac Disease Center, New York, USA
| | - Shenghao Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Liang Huang
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rongke Gao
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Pham TH, Vicnesh J, Wei JKE, Oh SL, Arunkumar N, Abdulhay EW, Ciaccio EJ, Acharya UR. Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic System Using HOS Bispectrum with EEG Signals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E971. [PMID: 32033231 PMCID: PMC7038220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autistic individuals often have difficulties expressing or controlling emotions and have poor eye contact, among other symptoms. The prevalence of autism is increasing globally, posing a need to address this concern. Current diagnostic systems have particular limitations; hence, some individuals go undiagnosed or the diagnosis is delayed. In this study, an effective autism diagnostic system using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, which are generated from electrical activity in the brain, was developed and characterized. The pre-processed signals were converted to two-dimensional images using the higher-order spectra (HOS) bispectrum. Nonlinear features were extracted thereafter, and then reduced using locality sensitivity discriminant analysis (LSDA). Significant features were selected from the condensed feature set using Student's t-test, and were then input to different classifiers. The probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 98.70% with just five features. Ten-fold cross-validation was employed to evaluate the performance of the classifier. It was shown that the developed system can be useful as a decision support tool to assist healthcare professionals in diagnosing autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- The-Hanh Pham
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Rd, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (T.-H.P.); (J.V.); (J.K.E.W.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Jahmunah Vicnesh
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Rd, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (T.-H.P.); (J.V.); (J.K.E.W.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Joel Koh En Wei
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Rd, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (T.-H.P.); (J.V.); (J.K.E.W.); (S.L.O.)
| | - Shu Lih Oh
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Rd, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (T.-H.P.); (J.V.); (J.K.E.W.); (S.L.O.)
| | - N. Arunkumar
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, SASTRA University, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, India;
| | - Enas. W. Abdulhay
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Edward J. Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine – Columbia University New York, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - U. Rajendra Acharya
- School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Rd, Singapore 599489, Singapore; (T.-H.P.); (J.V.); (J.K.E.W.); (S.L.O.)
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST) Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 2-39-1 Kurokami Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-855, Japan
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48
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Lih OS, Jahmunah V, San TR, Ciaccio EJ, Yamakawa T, Tanabe M, Kobayashi M, Faust O, Acharya UR. Comprehensive electrocardiographic diagnosis based on deep learning. Artif Intell Med 2020; 103:101789. [PMID: 32143796 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2019.101789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major contributor. Early-stage CAD can progress if undiagnosed and left untreated, leading to myocardial infarction (MI) that may induce irreversible heart muscle damage, resulting in heart chamber remodeling and eventual congestive heart failure (CHF). Electrocardiography (ECG) signals can be useful to detect established MI, and may also be helpful for early diagnosis of CAD. For the latter especially, the ECG perturbations can be subtle and potentially misclassified during manual interpretation and/or when analyzed by traditional algorithms found in ECG instrumentation. For automated diagnostic systems (ADS), deep learning techniques are favored over conventional machine learning techniques, due to the automatic feature extraction and selection processes involved. This paper highlights various deep learning algorithms exploited for the classification of ECG signals into CAD, MI, and CHF conditions. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), followed by combined CNN and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, appear to be the most useful architectures for classification. A 16-layer LSTM model was developed in our study and validated using 10-fold cross-validation. A classification accuracy of 98.5% was achieved. Our proposed model has the potential to be a useful diagnostic tool in hospitals for the classification of abnormal ECG signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Shu Lih
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - V Jahmunah
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | | | | | - Toshitaka Yamakawa
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tanabe
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST) Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Makiko Kobayashi
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Oliver Faust
- Department of Engineering and Mathematics, Sheffield Hallam University, United Kingdom
| | - U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST) Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Rajendra Acharya U, Meiburger KM, Faust O, En Wei Koh J, Lih Oh S, Ciaccio EJ, Subudhi A, Jahmunah V, Sabut S. Automatic detection of ischemic stroke using higher order spectra features in brain MRI images. COGN SYST RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsys.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Rajendra Acharya U, Meiburger KM, Wei Koh JE, Vicnesh J, Ciaccio EJ, Shu Lih O, Tan SK, Aman RRAR, Molinari F, Ng KH. Automated plaque classification using computed tomography angiography and Gabor transformations. Artif Intell Med 2019; 100:101724. [PMID: 31607348 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2019.101724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of death globally. These are often associated with atherosclerosis. This inflammation process triggers important variations in the coronary arteries (CA) and can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD). The presence of CA calcification (CAC) has recently been shown to be a strong predictor of CAD. In this clinical setting, computed tomography angiography (CTA) has begun to play a crucial role as a non-intrusive imaging method to characterize and study CA plaques. Herein, we describe an automated algorithm to classify plaque as either normal, calcified, or non-calcified using 2646 CTA images acquired from 73 patients. The automated technique is based on various features that are extracted from the Gabor transform of the acquired CTA images. Specifically, seven features are extracted from the Gabor coefficients : energy, and Kapur, Max, Rényi, Shannon, Vajda, and Yager entropies. The features were then ordered based on the F-value and input to numerous classification methods to achieve the best classification accuracy with the least number of features. Moreover, two well-known feature reduction techniques were employed, and the features acquired were also ranked according to F-value and input to several classifiers. The best classification results were obtained using all computed features without the employment of feature reduction, using a probabilistic neural network. An accuracy, positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of 89.09%, 91.70%, 91.83% and 83.70% was obtained, respectively. Based on these results, it is evident that the technique can be helpful in the automated classification of plaques present in CTA images, and may become an important tool to reduce procedural costs and patient radiation dose. This could also aid clinicians in plaque diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rajendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore; International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kristen M Meiburger
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Joel En Wei Koh
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Jahmunah Vicnesh
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore.
| | - Edward J Ciaccio
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Oh Shu Lih
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Sock Keow Tan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Raja Rizal Azman Raja Aman
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Filippo Molinari
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Kwan Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre (UMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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