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Choi Y, Barbier N, Fürst-Recktenwald S, Ye J, Wajsbrot DB, Ishida E, Gamalo M. Analysis and reporting of pediatric growth and development assessment from clinical trials: overview and challenges. J Biopharm Stat 2023; 33:786-799. [PMID: 36541817 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2022.2154357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric drug development has many unique challenges, one of which is the evaluation of growth and development changes in children that are expected and are not due to the study intervention. Children grow and mature at different pace. The potential impact of the drug could vary with the developmental age of the participants receiving the treatment. For example, sexual maturation is a critical consideration in children of age 10 and above, but not in younger age groups. How the investigational drug impacts children is ultimately a risk-benefit consideration. In this paper, practical considerations and recommendations are provided on how to assess growth and development based on data collected from clinical trials in pediatric patients. The endpoints and measures related to growth, sexual maturation and neurocognitive development are discussed. Basic analysis approaches are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- YounJeong Choi
- Data and Statistical Sciences, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Jingjing Ye
- Global Statistics and Data Sciences, BeiGene, Fulton, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Eiji Ishida
- Data Science, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc, Marlborough, MA, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Margaret Gamalo
- Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA
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Wang B, Zhou D, Zhang J, Kim Y, Chen LW, Dunnmon P, Bai S, Liu Q, Ishida E. Statistical power considerations in the use of win ratio in cardiovascular outcome trials. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 124:107040. [PMID: 36470557 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.107040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cardiovascular outcome trials, the win ratio (WR) method models the composite endpoint under a hierarchical structure to account for clinical priorities. It also can be applied to both survival and nonsurvival outcomes. METHODS In this article, we assess the performance of the WR method via extensive simulation studies and real data analyses and discuss power considerations of the method with respect to hierarchical order, variable type, magnitude of treatment effect, and event rates when applied to clinical studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In the hierarchy of the WR method, the first-ordered component (e.g., death) plays a dominant role in statistical power, especially when that component has a large treatment effect and a high event rate. This is in contrast with the score test of the Cox proportional hazards model in which the power is more likely affected by the nonfatal events that are usually observed earlier. Furthermore, when adding an additional component to the composite endpoint, the performance of the WR method varies depending on the treatment effect, event rate, and hierarchical position of the component. If the additional component has a relatively smaller or no treatment effect, the statistical power will decrease; if the additional component has a relatively larger treatment effect and higher event rate, the statistical power will increase. When adding a nonsurvival continuous outcome (e.g., 6-min walk distance) with even a tiny treatment effect, the statistical power could dramatically increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dali Zhou
- Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ling-Wan Chen
- Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Preston Dunnmon
- Data Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Bai
- Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ququan Liu
- Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Eiji Ishida
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Marlborough, MA, USA
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Yokota S, Kakuuchi M, Yokoi A, Kawada T, Uemura K, Ishida E, Sakamoto K, Todaka K, Saku K. Intravenous vagal stimulation catheter, JOHAKU, rapidly decreases heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption without worsening hemodynamics. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rapid reduction of heart rate (HR) is the most evident physiological response of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS). Since HR reduction is the most potent factor to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption rate (MVO2), the appropriate VNS can exert cardio-protective effects. It is also known that VNS reduces inflammation, oxidative stress, and sympathetic overload. In addition, the VNS during ischemia-reperfusion is known to attenuate myocardial damage by studies in various animal species. Despite the presence of preclinical evidence of VNS benefits, the lack of the device has limited the translation of this technology to clinical practice. We have recently developed an intravenous VNS catheter (JOHAKU, Neuroceuticals Inc.) that can stimulate the right vagal nerve via superior vena cava (SVC) (Figure 1) on temporary basis.
Purpose
We aimed to confirm the feasibility of JOHAKU as a device to modulate heart rate and MVO2 rapidly by a canine experiment.
Methods
In eight beagle dogs, JOHAKU was inserted from the right femoral vein and placed at the SVC level. The stimulation intensity was adjusted to 10–20 V (20 Hz). We simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram and intraarterial blood pressure (BP). In three of eight dogs, we measured the left anterior descending coronary artery flow and oxygen saturations of arterial and coronary sinus blood to calculate MVO2. We compared HR, BP, and MVO2 during JOHAKU stimulation to ones at baseline.
Results
As shown in Figure 2, JOHAKU attenuated HR immediately after stimulation. Compared with baseline, JOHAKU significantly reduced HR (baseline: 135±13 vs. 5 min on stimulation: 107±13 bpm, p<0.05), and did not affect mean BP significantly (96.2±22.8 vs. 89.4±26.6 mmHg, P=0.59). HR promptly recovered to baseline level after JOHAKU stopped. JOHAKU also reduced MVO2 (0.57±0.43 vs. 0.48±0.38 ml/min, p<0.05).
Conclusion
JOHAKU rapidly attenuated cardiac metabolism burden via the rapid HR reduction. The controllability of HR by JOHAKU without affecting BP enables us to apply the VNS even for patients with hemodynamic instability, such as heart failure and acute myocardial infarction.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Japan Agency for Medical and Research Development
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yokota
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Osaka , Japan
| | - M Kakuuchi
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Osaka , Japan
| | - A Yokoi
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Osaka , Japan
| | - T Kawada
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Osaka , Japan
| | - K Uemura
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Osaka , Japan
| | - E Ishida
- Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - K Sakamoto
- Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - K Todaka
- Kyushu University Hospital , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - K Saku
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Osaka , Japan
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Kordzakhia G, Dmitrienko A, Ishida E. Mixture-based gatekeeping procedures in adaptive clinical trials. J Biopharm Stat 2017; 28:129-145. [PMID: 29283310 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2017.1399901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials with data-driven decision rules often pursue multiple clinical objectives such as the evaluation of several endpoints or several doses of an experimental treatment. These complex analysis strategies give rise to "multivariate" multiplicity problems with several components or sources of multiplicity. A general framework for defining gatekeeping procedures in clinical trials with adaptive multistage designs is proposed in this paper. The mixture method is applied to build a gatekeeping procedure at each stage and inferences at each decision point (interim or final analysis) are performed using the combination function approach. An advantage of utilizing the mixture method is that it enables powerful gatekeeping procedures applicable to a broad class of settings with complex logical relationships among the hypotheses of interest. Further, the combination function approach supports flexible data-driven decisions such as a decision to increase the sample size or remove a treatment arm. The paper concludes with a clinical trial example that illustrates the methodology by applying it to develop an adaptive two-stage design with a mixture-based gatekeeping procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kordzakhia
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA
| | | | - Eiji Ishida
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , Maryland , USA
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5
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Kordzakhia G, Brechenmacher T, Ishida E, Dmitrienko A, Zheng WW, Li DF. An enhanced mixture method for constructing gatekeeping procedures in clinical trials. J Biopharm Stat 2017; 28:113-128. [PMID: 29239689 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2017.1399900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly common to encounter complex multiplicity problems with several multiplicity components in confirmatory Phase III clinical trials. These components are often based on several endpoints (primary and secondary endpoints) and several dose-control comparisons. When constructing a multiplicity adjustment in these settings, it is important to control the Type I error rate over all multiplicity components. An important class of multiple testing procedures, known as gatekeeping procedures, was derived using the mixture method that enables clinical trial sponsors to set up efficient multiplicity adjustments that account for clinically relevant logical relationships among the hypotheses of interest. An enhanced version of this mixture method is introduced in this paper to construct more powerful gatekeeping procedures for a specific type of logical relationships that rely on transitive serial restrictions. Restrictions of this kind are very common in Phase III clinical trials and the proposed method is applicable to a broad class of multiplicity problems. Several examples are provided to illustrate the new method and results of simulation trials are presented to compare the performance of gatekeeping procedures derived using this method and other available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eiji Ishida
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring , MD , USA
| | | | - Winston Wenxiang Zheng
- d Department of Biostatisitcs, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University , Washington , DC , USA
| | - David Fuyuan Li
- e Department of Statistics, George Washington University , Washington , DC , USA
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Accili D, Talchai SC, Kim-Muller JY, Cinti F, Ishida E, Ordelheide AM, Kuo T, Fan J, Son J. When β-cells fail: lessons from dedifferentiation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:117-22. [PMID: 27615140 PMCID: PMC5021187 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is caused by a combination of impaired responsiveness to insulin and reduced production of insulin by the pancreas. Until recently, the decline of insulin production had been ascribed to β-cell death. But recent research has shown that β-cells do not die in diabetes, but undergo a silencing process, termed "dedifferentiation." The main implication of this discovery is that β-cells can be revived by appropriate treatments. We have shown that mitochondrial abnormalities are a key step in the progression of β-cell dysfunction towards dedifferentiation. In normal β-cells, mitochondria generate energy required to sustain insulin production and its finely timed release in response to the body's nutritional status. A normal β-cell can adapt its mitochondrial fuel source based on substrate availability, a concept known as "metabolic flexibility." This capability is the first casualty in the progress of β-cell failure. β-Cells lose the ability to select the right fuel for mitochondrial energy production. Mitochondria become overloaded, and accumulate by-products derived from incomplete fuel utilization. Energy production stalls, and insulin production drops, setting the stage for dedifferentiation. The ultimate goal of these investigations is to explore novel treatment paradigms that will benefit people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Accili
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York.
| | - S C Talchai
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J Y Kim-Muller
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - F Cinti
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - E Ishida
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - A M Ordelheide
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - T Kuo
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J Fan
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - J Son
- Department of Medicine and Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Kronstein PD, Ishida E, Khin NA, Chang E, Hung HMJ, Temple RJ, Yang P. Summary of findings from the FDA regulatory science forum on measuring sexual dysfunction in depression trials. J Clin Psychiatry 2015; 76:1050-9. [PMID: 26335083 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14r09699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sexual dysfunction is a significant treatment-emergent adverse reaction to the serotonergic antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors [SNRIs]). However, the rate of sexual dysfunction is often underestimated in registration trials, which have relied on unsolicited reports. We conducted a literature search to examine the rates of sexual dysfunction with SSRIs/SNRIs when these rates were ascertained by structured questionnaires or standardized instruments. Additionally, we conducted exploratory analyses of major depressive disorder (MDD) registration trial data. DATA SOURCES For the literature search, we used the PubMed and EMBASE databases, with a cutoff date of April 1, 2011. We included all the SSRIs and SNRIs that at the time had been approved for the treatment of MDD. For each of these drugs, a search was conducted with the following terms: sexual dysfunction, SD, sexual adverse effects, desire, arousal, excitement, and orgasm. For the exploratory analyses of US Food and Drug Administration in-house trial data, we searched our database for short-term (6-8 weeks), randomized, placebo-controlled MDD monotherapy trials of approved drugs included in New Drug Application submissions that used a standardized instrument to assess sexual function. STUDY SELECTION For the literature search, we initially found a total of 123 nonduplicate articles, some of which included multiple studies. After screening based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria (and to remove duplicate trial-level data), we were left with 7 articles representing 11 unique studies in which sexual dysfunction was assessed with direct questioning or standardized instruments. The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire-Short-Form (CSFQ-14) and Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) were the only instruments represented. For the exploratory analyses of in-house MDD trial data, we found controlled studies using either the CSFQ-14 (6 trials) or ASEX (5 trials). DATA EXTRACTION For the literature search, we were able to pool the results for the studies that included direct questioning. For the studies that used standardized instruments to assess sexual function, we simply describe our findings. For the exploratory analyses of in-house MDD trial data, we constructed a dataset containing all subject-level CSFQ-14 or ASEX item scores for each of the trials as well as demographic and other relevant variables. For each treatment or placebo group, analyses were performed on pooled data, including multiple studies, and on individual studies. RESULTS For our literature search, regardless of which method was used to assess sexual function, the data from these articles were informative and showed the expected effects on sexual function with SSRIs/SNRIs. However, for our exploratory analyses, no trend was observed in CSFQ-14 or ASEX results for individual drugs or drug classes. CONCLUSIONS These results raise the question as to why the CSFQ-14 and ASEX appeared to perform well in the published studies but not in our exploratory analyses of in-house MDD trial data. We discuss possible reasons and solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip D Kronstein
- Division of Clinical Compliance Evaluation, Office of Scientific Investigations, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Bldg WO51, Rm 5222, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
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8
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Khin NA, Kronstein PD, Yang P, Ishida E, Hung HMJ, Mathis MV, Unger EF, Temple RJ. Regulatory and scientific issues in studies to evaluate sexual dysfunction in antidepressant drug trials. J Clin Psychiatry 2015. [PMID: 26214346 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.14cs09700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sexual dysfunction is an important side effect of serotonergic antidepressants, as it often leads to treatment nonadherence. However, sexual dysfunction is often underestimated in clinical trials submitted in support of drug approval. This is because such assessments are based mainly on unsolicited reporting. As a result, the characterization of sexual adverse events has become an important component of many of the development programs for new antidepressants. The purpose of this article is to discuss US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) current thinking on possible approaches to characterizing the effects of drugs on sexual function in depression drug trials. PARTICIPANTS FDA's Division of Psychiatry Products, together with the Division of Biometrics I, in particular the authors of this article. EVIDENCE The above-referenced FDA divisions conducted a regulatory science forum on measuring sexual dysfunction in depression trials. CONSENSUS PROCESS Considering the evidence presented and discussed at the forum, we developed our preliminary regulatory views on the scientific issues with regard to study design, study population, use of available scales, testing strategy, and statistical analysis plans. CONCLUSIONS Sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants is an important entity that should be adequately assessed during clinical trials with the use of available instruments and described in product labels. It is important to appreciate the need for a positive control to establish assay sensitivity for any trial evaluating the impact of antidepressant medications on sexual function. Methodological improvement and additional data as well as experience with these approaches will be needed prior to further consideration of a formal regulatory guidance document by the FDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni A Khin
- Division of Psychiatry Products, Office of Drug Evaluation I, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, Maryland
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9
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Pai S, Smith D, Peng S, Ishida E, Akpeng B, Hung C, Wu T. OC-015: Therapeutic HPV vaccine increases sensitivity of poorly immunogenic tumor to anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Imai T, Matsuura K, Asada Y, Sagai S, Katagiri K, Ishida E, Saito D, Sadayasu R, Wada H, Saijo S. Effect of HMB/Arg/Gln on the Prevention of Radiation Dermatitis in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 44:422-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Soga K, Takenaka S, Ishida E, Kobayashi Y, Kanemitsu D, Nakase Y, Takagi T, Fukumoto K, Sakamoto K, Kassai K, Miyagaki T, Yanagida K, Itani K, Naito Y, Yanagisawa A, Yoshikawa T. Advanced adenocarcinoma in a laterally spreading adenoma within a colonic diverticulum, followed-up for 4 years. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2011; 74:477-478. [PMID: 22103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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13
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Mizuno O, Kawamoto H, Fukatsu H, Harada R, Tsutsumi K, Fujii M, Kurihara N, Nakanishi T, Ogawa T, Ishida E, Okada H, Sakaguchi K. An iatrogenic hepatic subcapsular biloma successfully treated by percutaneous drainage and endoscopic biliary stenting. Endoscopy 2008; 40 Suppl 2:E42-3. [PMID: 18300200 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Okamoto Y, Kawamoto H, Takaki A, Ishida E, Ogawa T, Kuwaki K, Kobayashi Y, Sakaguchi K, Shiratori Y. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonograpny depicts small tumor vessels for the evaluation of pancreatic tumors. Clin Imaging 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2007.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kawamoto H, Tsutsumi K, Fujii M, Harada R, Kato H, Hirao K, Kurihara N, Nakanishi T, Mizuno O, Ishida E, Ogawa T, Fukatsu H, Sakaguchi K. Multiple stenting in a patient with a high-grade malignant hilar biliary stricture: endoscopic four-branched partial stent-in-stent deployment of metallic stents. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E167-8. [PMID: 17614071 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama City, Japan.
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16
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Harada R, Kawamoto H, Fukatsu H, Tsutsumi K, Fujii M, Kurihara N, Ogawa T, Ishida E, Okamoto Y, Okada H, Sakaguchi K. Combined endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy and duodenal stent placement in a patient with pancreatic cancer. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E284-5. [PMID: 17957637 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Harada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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17
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Fukatsu H, Kawamoto H, Tsutsumi K, Kato H, Hirao K, Kurihara N, Ogawa T, Ishida E, Okamoto Y, Okada H, Sakaguchi K, Yanai H. Intraductal tubular adenoma, pyloric gland-type, of the pancreas. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E88-9. [PMID: 17440871 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-945159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Fukatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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18
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Fukatsu H, Kawamoto H, Fujii M, Tsutsumi K, Kato H, Hirao K, Kurihara N, Okamoto Y, Ogawa T, Ishida E, Okada H, Sakaguchi K. Periampullary carcinoid tumor. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E49-50. [PMID: 17285506 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-945068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Fukatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Fukatsu H, Kawamoto H, Harada R, Tsutsumi K, Fujii M, Kurihara N, Ogawa T, Ishida E, Okamoto Y, Okada H, Sakaguchi K. Gastric fundal varices with an exposed microcoil after the combined BRTO and PTO therapy. Endoscopy 2007; 39 Suppl 1:E247-8. [PMID: 17957640 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Fukatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Nakamura M, Shimada K, Ishida E, Nakase H, Konishi N. Genetic analysis to complement histopathological diagnosis of brain tumors. Histol Histopathol 2007; 22:327-35. [PMID: 17163407 DOI: 10.14670/hh-22.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas, the most frequent tumors originating in the human nervous system, are divided into various subtypes. Currently, microscopic examination alone is insufficient for classification and grading so that genetic profiles are increasingly being emphasized in recognition of the emerging role of molecular diagnostic approaches to glioma classification. Glioblastomas (WHO grade IV) may develop de novo (primary glioblastomas) or through progression from lower-grade astrocytomas (secondary glioblastomas), while both glioblastomas show similar histological features. In contrast, they do constitute distinct disease entities that evolve through different genetic pathways, and are likely to differ in prognosis and response to therapy. Oligodendrogliomas (WHO grade II) account for 2.7% of brain tumors and 5-18% of all gliomas. Since this tumor is recognized as a particular subtype of glioma that shows remarkable responses to chemotherapy, a correct diagnosis is of prime importance. The difficulty is that histological differentiation of oligodendrogliomas from diffuse astrocytomas is highly subjective in cases without typical morphological features and there is a lack of reliable immunohistochemical markers. While histological distinction of low-grade gliomas from reactive astrocytes is also often difficult, reactive astrocytes usually lack genetic alterations. More biological and molecular approaches to glioma classification thus appear warranted to provide improved means to achieve correct diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Abstract
Anti-oestrogen therapy is effective for control of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, although the detailed molecular mechanisms, including signal transduction, remain unclear. We demonstrated here that long-term tamoxifen treatment causes G2/M cell cycle arrest through c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, which is dependent on phosphorylation of Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) at 194 serine in an oestrogen (ER) receptor-positive breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Expression of a dominant negative mutant form of MKK7, a kinase upstream of JNK, or mutant FADD (S194A) in MCF-7 cells suppressed the cytotoxicity of long-term tamoxifen treatment. Of great interest, similar signallings could be evoked by paclitaxel, even in an ER-negative cell line, MDA-MB-231. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis using human breast cancer specimens showed a close correlation between phosphorylated JNK and FADD expression, both being significantly reduced in cases with metastatic potential. We conclude that JNK-mediated phosphorylation of FADD plays an important role in the negative regulation of cell growth and metastasis, independent of the ER status of a breast cancer, so that JNK/FADD signals might be promising targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsuyoshi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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Abstract
Mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases are well known serine threonine kinases that modulate gene expression, mitosis, cell proliferation and programmed cell death or 'apoptosis' in response to various stresses. Extracellular stress regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun NH2 terminal kinase and p38 are major members of the MAP kinases, and there is now a body of evidence of their involvement in genesis or sensitivity to chemotherapy of human prostate cancers. In this review, we focus on the molecular roles of MAP kinases and their pathological correlations, with particular attention to novel downstream signals through phosphorylation of the Fas-associated death domain protein that effectively regulates not only apoptosis but also the cell cycle in prostate neoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Kawamoto H, Ishida E, Okamoto Y, Okada H, Sakaguchi K, Nakagawa M, Sugihara T, Shiratori Y. Evaluation of covered metallic stents in malignant biliary stenosis--prominent effectiveness in gallbladder carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2005; 52:1351-6. [PMID: 16201072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The survival time of patients with unresectable malignant biliary stenosis and the patent period of metallic biliary stents are different in each disease. The efficacy of the covered metallic stent was analyzed according to the primary disease. METHODOLOGY Seventy-three patients with bile duct carcinoma (12 cases), gallbladder carcinoma (22 cases), and pancreas carcinoma (39 cases) were retrospectively enrolled. Covered metallic stents were used in 42 patients and uncovered metallic stents in 31 patients. The patency of covered stents was compared with that of uncovered stents for each disease. RESULTS The patent rate at 6 months after insertion was 80.6% (95% CI [72.6%, 88.6%]) for the covered stent, and 49.5% (95% CI [37.6%, 61.4%]) for the uncovered stent. The mean patent periods of the covered stent and the uncovered stent were 14.6 and 27.6 months for bile duct carcinoma (p=0.424), 12.7 and 3.0 months for gallbladder carcinoma (p=0.003), and 11.9 and 9.6 months for pancreas carcinoma (p=0.919), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The covered metallic stent was the most effective in patients with gallbladder carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama-city, Hiroshima, Japan.
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Kawamoto H, Ishida E, Ogawa T, Okamoto Y, Okazaki H, Kato J, Okada H, Shiratori Y. Multiple stenting in hilar bile duct carcinoma: three-branched partial stent-in-stent deployment with the JOSTENT SelfX. Endoscopy 2004; 36:829-30. [PMID: 15326581 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-825832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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Nakamura M, Shimada K, Ishida E, Konishi N. Histopathology, pathogenesis and molecular genetics in primary central nervous system lymphomas. Histol Histopathol 2004; 19:211-9. [PMID: 14702189 DOI: 10.14670/hh-19.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent increases in the incidence of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), a rare non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in the brain, have been noted in both immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients. Compared with lymphomas originating outside the central nervous system, the biology of PCNSL at the molecular or cytogenetic level has not been well characterized, yet it is important to thoroughly understand the etiology of this rare malignant lymphoma if effective therapies are to be developed. This review will focus on the epidemiology, clinical aspects, histopathology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics of this aggressive, extranodal lymphoma in immunocompetent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Shimada K, Nakamura M, Ishida E, Kishi M, Konishi N. Androgen and the blocking of radiation-induced sensitization to Fas-mediated apoptosis through c-jun induction in prostate cancer cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2003; 79:451-62. [PMID: 12963547 DOI: 10.1080/0955300031000150620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the key mechanism by which androgen makes prostate cancer cells highly resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The role of c-jun induction by 10 nM dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in 5 Gy radiation-induced up-regulation of Fas and sensitization to the apoptosis was studied by using the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. RESULTS On exposure to 5 Gy radiation, LNCaP cells demonstrated high sensitization to Fas-mediated apoptosis through increased Fas expression, stabilized p53 expression and binding to p53 response elements within the promoter and first intronic region of the Fas gene. Following treatment with DHT, in vivo binding of p53 to its response elements was strongly inhibited. In addition, DHT significantly up-regulated c-jun expression through extracellular stress-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, and transfection of an antisense oligonucleotide for c-jun or ERK inhibition by PD98059 cancelled DHT-mediated suppression of radiation-induced transactivation of Fas gene and sensitization to Fas-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Radiation-induced Fas sensitization in prostate cancer cell was mediated through p53-dependent transactivation of the Fas gene, which can be blocked by androgen stimulation mainly through induction of c-jun.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shimada
- Department of Pathology Nara Medical University 840 Shijo-cho Kashihara Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Konishi N, Tsujikawa K, Yamamoto H, Ishida E, Nakamura M, Shimada K, Yane K, Yamashita H, Noguchi S. Overexpression of leucocyte common antigen (LAR) P-subunit in thyroid carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:1223-8. [PMID: 12698188 PMCID: PMC2747580 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) dephosphorylation and protein tyrosine kinase (PTKs) phosphorylation of key signal transduction proteins may be regulated by extracellular signals, making PTPases important in the regulation of cell proliferation. Leucocyte common antigen (LAR), a receptor-like PTPase, consists of E-subunit, containing the cell adhesion molecule-like receptor region, and P-subunit specific for a short segment of the extracellular region, the transmembrane peptide, and two cytoplasmic PTPase domains. We produced a monoclonal antibody against the LAR P-subunit for immunohistochemical screening of LAR expression in normal and tumourous tissues. Gliomas and gastric, colorectal, lung, breast and prostate cancers showed weak and relatively infrequent expression. Intense and diffuse expression, however, was detected in 95% (227 out of 239) of thyroid carcinomas, but only 12% (22 out of 128) of adenomas and no cases of benign thyroid disease were immunopositive. In contrast to broad staining in carcinomas, LAR expression in thyroid adenomas was often found in small focal or locally invasive areas. Western blot analysis similarly detected LAR P-subunit protein in thyroid carcinomas, but not in normal tissues. We believe this to be the first demonstration of LAR overexpression in thyroid carcinoma and may help to elucidate the role of PTPases in the development of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
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Kawada Y, Nakamura M, Ishida E, Shimada K, Oosterwijk E, Uemura H, Hirao Y, Chul KS, Konishi N. Aberrations of the p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) genes in renal cell carcinomas. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001; 92:1293-9. [PMID: 11749694 PMCID: PMC5926680 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2001.tb02152.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The INK4a / ARF locus on chromosome 9p21, which encodes two distinct genes, p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a), is frequently altered in human neoplasms. To investigate the potential roles of p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) genes in human renal cell carcinomas (RCCs), we analyzed 6 human RCC cell lines and 91 primary RCCs for homozygous deletion, promoter hypermethylation and expression of the p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) gene products using differential PCR, methylation-specific PCR, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Five cell lines showed homozygous co-deletion of both genes and one demonstrated promoter hypermethylation of the p16(INK4a) gene only. Eight of 91 RCCs showed aberrations of p14(ARF) or p16(INK4a) status and six of these featured gross extension into the renal vein. The results suggest that p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) aberrations may play roles in the relatively late stage of renal tumorigenesis associated with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawada
- Second Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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Nakamura M, Sakaki T, Hashimoto H, Nakase H, Ishida E, Shimada K, Konishi N. Frequent alterations of the p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) genes in primary central nervous system lymphomas. Cancer Res 2001; 61:6335-9. [PMID: 11522621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of p53/p16(INK4a)/RB1 pathways in the tumorigenesis of primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs), we have analyzed p14(ARF), p16(INK4a), RB1, p21(Waf1), and p27(Kip1) status in a series of their 18 sporadic cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, using methylation-specific PCR, differential PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Homozygous deletion or methylation of p14(ARF) was detected in 10 (56%) PCNSLs, and they were almost entirely deletions (except 1 case). A total of 11 (61%) PCNSLs demonstrated homozygous deletion (6 cases) or methylation (5 cases) of p16(INK4a). Six tumors showed both p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) homozygous deletions. Hypermethylation of the RB1 and the p27(Kip1) promoter region was detected in 2 (11%) cases, whereas p21(Waf1) methylation was not detected in any. Immunohistochemistry revealed loss of p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) expression in 10 (56%) samples, correlating with the gene status. Four cases showed independent negative immunoreactivity for pRB and p27(Kip1), and nearly one-half of cases (8 of 18; 44%) were characterized by lack of p21(Waf1) expression. These results indicate that inactivation of p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) by either homozygous deletion or promoter hypermethylation represents an important molecular pathogenesis in PCNSLs. Hypermethylation of RB1, p21(Waf1), and p27(Kip1) appears to be of minor significance, these genes being independently methylated in PCNSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakamura
- Second Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, 634-8521 Nara, Japan
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Konishi N, Nakamura M, Ishida E, Kawada Y, Nishimine M, Nagai H, Emi M. Specific genomic alterations in rat renal cell carcinomas induced by N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine. Toxicol Pathol 2001; 29:232-6. [PMID: 11421490 DOI: 10.1080/019262301317052503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To characterize genetic alterations occurring in renal tumorigenesis, EHEN-induced renal cell tumors were examined using restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) analysis, an electrophoretic separation technique that detects gene amplifications and deletions. Comparison of DNAs from tumor against those from corresponding nontumorous kidney and/or EHEN-treated kidney without development of renal tumors yielded specific alterations in terms of both amplified and reduced DNA spots. Two amplified spots were detected only in renal cell tumors and an additional four spots were frequent in EHEN-treated kidneys. One reduced spot was common to all tumor samples, and another was frequently detected in the tumors analyzed but not in EHEN-treated kidneys. A subset of the altered spots thus appeared to be specific for EHEN-induced renal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Konishi
- Second Department of Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
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Ishizuka B, Taniuchi A, Ishida E, Abe Y, Sato K. Ovarian Function in the XO Mouse. Fertil Steril 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuribayashi Y, Sugawara I, Ishida E, Abe Y, Ishizuka B. Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress Impairs Motility and Fertilization Rate In Vitro of Mouse Spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)01442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nishikawa M, Yamauchi M, Morimoto K, Ishida E, Takakura Y, Hashida M. Hepatocyte-targeted in vivo gene expression by intravenous injection of plasmid DNA complexed with synthetic multi-functional gene delivery system. Gene Ther 2000; 7:548-55. [PMID: 10819569 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To achieve hepatocyte-targeted in vivo gene expression, a carrier that controls both the tissue and intracellular distribution of DNA was designed and synthesized. A cationic polymer, poly(L-ornithine) (pOrn), was modified first with galactose, then with a fusigenic peptide (mHA2) to obtain Gal-pOrn-mHA2. When applied with Gal-pOrn-mHA2 to asialoglycoprotein receptor-positive cells, fluorescein-labeled DNA showed a diffuse profile, suggesting the release of DNA from endosomes and/or lysosomes by the carrier. Then the biodistribution and gene expression after intravenous injection of DNA complexes (10 microg DNA per mouse) were examined. After injection of [32P]DNA/Gal-pOrn-mHA2, about 60% of the radioactivity was recovered in the liver, mostly in parenchymal cells. A large amount (81 ng/g tissue) of transgene product (luciferase) was detected in the liver of mice injected with DNA/Gal-pOm-mHA2, which was 280-fold greater than that obtained with DNA/DOTMA:Chol liposomes (50 microg DNA). Prior administration of galactosylated albumin reduced the gene expression to 1/100, indicating the asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated gene transfer in liver parenchymal cells, ie hepatocytes. The luciferase activity in hepatocytes contributed more than 95% of the total activity in all the tissues examined. Thus, hepatocyte-targeted in vivo gene expression was achieved by the intravenous injection of DNA complex with the multifunctional gene carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishikawa
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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Shirota T, Taniuchi A, Ishida E, Abe Y, Saito K, Saito J, Kuribayashi Y, Ishizuka B, Sato K. Ovarian function in xo mouse. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(00)83388-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sugai M, Komatsuzawa H, Ooku-Inomata K, Miyake Y, Ishida E, Suginaka H. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus mutants which form altered cell clusters. Microbiol Immunol 1994; 38:995-9. [PMID: 7723694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1994.tb02158.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus FDA 209P produces two extracellular bacteriolytic enzymes, 51-kDa endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GL) and 62-kDa N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase (AM), both of which can disperse cell clusters. To characterize the physiological roles of these enzymes in vivo, mutants with altered autolysin activity were isolated, and their degree of cluster formation in broth culture was assessed. Bacteriolytic activities of GL and AM, produced and secreted from these mutants into the culture fluid and detected with activity gels, coincided well with the degree of cluster formation of the mutants. The mutants with little or no enzyme activity grew in clusters, whereas those with high activity grew as well-separated cocci, suggesting that these enzymes are involved in cell separation of S. aureus in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sugai
- Department of Microbiology, Hiroshima University School of Dentistry, Japan
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Abstract
Four-hundred and seventy-seven subjects evaluated a set of traits and behaviors in terms of how masculine and feminine they were and in terms of how well they represented their real and ideal self-images. Within-individual correlation coefficients between these evaluations were proposed as measures of psychological gender schemata, because they would represent the degree of matching between the subjects' gender-image and ideal/real self-images of gender-related attributes. The present study aims at examining the construct validity of these measures, by testing them to psychological variables that are known to reflect gender identity. The individual difference variables used as criteria were (a) satisfaction with one's own sex, (b) general happiness, (c) self-esteem (d) gender-conflict, and (e) school and occupational achievement need. Correlations between the gender-schema indices and the criteria variables supported the construct validity of those measures. Advantages of the present measurement over the conventional simple trait approach, such as BSRI, or PAQ are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ishida
- Department of Business Administration, Bunkyo Women's College, Saitama
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Sato A, Tanabe F, Ito M, Ishida E, Shigeta S. Thiol proteinase inhibitors reverse the increased protein kinase C down-regulation and concanavalin A cap formation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from Chediak-Higashi syndrome (beige) mouse. J Leukoc Biol 1990; 48:377-81. [PMID: 2230592 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.48.5.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an essential role in intracellular signal transduction for various cell functions, including concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cap formation. This enzyme is known to be proteolysed by calpain, which is a Ca2(+)-dependent thiol proteinase. As reported previously, in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from beige mouse, the model of Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Con A-induced cap formation significantly increased compared with that in normal mouse. However, after pretreatment of beige PMNs with the thiol proteinase inhibitors leupeptin or E-64, the capping decreased to normal levels. Meanwhile, Con A-induced the translocation of PKC from the cytosolic to membrane fraction within 5 min in both mice, which is essential to the activation of this enzyme. However, after the translocation, an abnormal rapid decline in membrane-bound PKC activity was noted in beige mouse PMNs. Both leupeptin and E-64 also corrected the rapid decline in PKC activity observed in the beige mouse. These findings suggest that the normalization of Con A cap formation in beige mouse PMNs by the thiol proteinase inhibitors is associated with the correction of abnormality in PKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sato
- Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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Matsubara E, Sugiyama K, Waseda Y, Ashizuka M, Ishida E. Structural analysis of zinc metaphosphate glass by anomalous X-ray scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00722854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sato A, Tanabe F, Ito M, Ishida E, Shigeta S. Protein kinase C inhibitors enhance concanavalin A cap formation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Int J Immunopharmacol 1990; 12:121-5. [PMID: 2105914 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(90)90075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H-7) and staurosporine, significantly enhanced concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cap formation in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from C57BL/6 mice after pretreatment for 30 min at concentrations of 10 microM and 1 nM, respectively. However, neither 10 microM of N-(2-aminoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide dihydrochloride (H-9) nor N-(2-guanidinoethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride (HA1004), which inhibit cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases more effectively than other kinases, affected the capping. Meanwhile, treatment of PMNs with Con A induced the translocation of PKC from the cytosol to the membrane fraction within 5 min, which is considered to be important for the activation of this enzyme. When cells were pretreated with H-7 or staurosporine for 30 min at the concentrations that enhanced the capping, both the cytosolic and the membrane-bound PKC activity was inhibited during the further incubation with Con A. These results suggest that PKC may play an important role in the regulation of Con A-induced cap formation in PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sato
- Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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40
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Abstract
We investigated the role of microfilaments in stimulus-induced translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from C57BL/6 mice. Cytochalasin B and dihydrocytochalasin B almost completely inhibited PKC translocation induced by either TPA or Ca2+ ionophore after pretreatment of cells for 30 min. In addition, ML-9, a potent inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase which regulate microfilament contraction, and a calmodulin antagonist W-7, also inhibited PKC translocation. These findings suggest the possibility that microfilaments are involved in the translocation of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ito
- Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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Ito M, Sato A, Tanabe F, Ishida E, Takami Y, Shigeta S. The thiol proteinase inhibitors improve the abnormal rapid down-regulation of protein kinase C and the impaired natural killer cell activity in (Chediak-Higashi syndrome) beige mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989; 160:433-40. [PMID: 2541700 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is essential in intracellular signal transduction for various cell functions including natural killer (NK) cell activity. This enzyme is hydrolysed by calpain, which is Ca2+-dependent thiol proteinase. We showed here that in NK activity-deficient beige (bg/bg) mouse, the model of Chediak-Higashi syndrome, the translocated membrane-bound PKC activity declined rapidly in NK cell-enriched lymphocytes after TPA stimulation. However, the rapid decline was abolished by the pretreatment of cells with leupeptin (a thiol and serine proteinase inhibitor) or E64 (a thiol proteinase inhibitor). Furthermore, these reagents improved the impaired NK cell activity in beige mouse whereas they did not affect NK cell activity in C57BL/6 (+/+) and the heterozygous (+/bg) mice. Meanwhile, TPA stimulation induced only low levels in NK cytotoxic factors (NKCF) release from beige NK cells, but these reagents augmented the lowered NKCF release. These results suggest that the improvement of impaired NK cell activity in beige mouse by the thiol proteinase inhibitors may be due to the elimination of abnormal rapid down-regulation of PKC, resulting in the augmentation of the lowered PKC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ito
- Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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Ito M, Tanabe F, Sato A, Ishida E, Takami Y, Shigeta S. Inhibition of natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by ML-9, a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase. Int J Immunopharmacol 1989; 11:185-90. [PMID: 2703279 DOI: 10.1016/0192-0561(89)90070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the role of microfilaments in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, general microfilament inhibitors, cytochalasins B,D and dihydrocytochalasin B, and a selective inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) which regulates microfilament contraction, i.e. 1-(5-chloronaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride (ML-9) were examined in an NK assay system. ML-9 inhibited NK cell activity in a dose-dependent manner without affecting target cell binding, whereas cytochalasins suppressed the binding. The dextran suspension method revealed that ML-9 inhibits the programming for the lysis stage of the lytic process. In the single cell assay, the addition of ML-9 after target cell binding had occurred inhibited the lysis of bound target cells, whereas the addition of cytochalasins in a similar manner did not affect it. Thus, these results suggest the possibility that microfilament contraction is involved in the lytic mechanism of NK cell-mediated cytolysis. However, the mechanism whereby cytochalasins inhibit target cell binding remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ito
- Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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Sato Y, Ishida E, Minagi S, Akagawa Y, Tsuru H. [The aspect of dietary intake of full denture wearers]. Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi 1988; 32:774-9. [PMID: 3255062 DOI: 10.2186/jjps.32.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Tanabe F, Sato A, Ito M, Ishida E, Ogata M, Shigeta S. Low-density lipoprotein oxidized by polymorphonuclear leukocytes inhibits natural killer cell activity. J Leukoc Biol 1988; 43:204-10. [PMID: 3422681 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.43.3.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the effect of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidized by opsonized zymosan-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) on natural killer (NK) cell activity. Oxidized LDL inhibited NK cell activity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas normal LDL left it unaffected. However, oxidized LDL did not inhibit antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the amount of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances (TBARS) on the sample of oxidized LDL and the degree of inhibition of NK cell activity. We also showed that oxidized LDL suppressed the binding capacity of purified large granular lymphocytes (LGL) to target cells without changing the lytic activity. These results therefore suggest that activated PMN can modulate NK cell activity by oxidizing LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tanabe
- Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan
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Tsunematsu H, Hachiyama S, Isobe R, Ishida E, Kakoi M, Yamamoto M. Conformational effect on the fragmentations of peptide derivatives in field desorption mass spectrometry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 146:907-11. [PMID: 3619908 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)90616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fragmentations of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-protected tri-peptide ethyl esters containing proline at the P2 site were compared with those of the corresponding peptide derivatives containing no proline in field desorption mass spectrometry. The fragment ion [M-107]+ due to a loss of the benzyloxy group from a molecular ion was observed in the field desorption mass spectra for the peptides containing no proline, while it was not found in the peptides containing proline at all. These results suggest that the conformational difference of the peptide derivatives attributable to the existence of proline has an effect upon fragmentations in the field desorption ionizing process.
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Ito M, Ishida E, Tanabe F, Shigeta S, Watanabe Y, Kawade Y. Interferon-alpha enhances the production of leukotriene B4 in murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated by opsonized zymosan. Immunol Suppl 1987; 60:617-9. [PMID: 3034768 PMCID: PMC1453281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Murine peritoneal macrophages pretreated with interferon (IFN)-alpha and then stimulated by opsonized zymosan produced two to three times more LTB4 than untreated macrophages. However, PGE2 production was not changed by IFN-alpha. Meanwhile, IFN-gamma did not affect the production of LTB4 and PGE2. From the results it is considered that IFN-alpha can modulate inflammation or host defence through the production of LTB4.
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Nishiyama R, Ukita N, Tsuga K, Takatori T, Ishida E, Ohkawa S, Fujioka M, Akagawa Y, Tsuru H. [A clinical study of patients with mandibular dysfunction. II. The effect of full-coverage occlusal splint therapy]. Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi 1986; 30:1339-46. [PMID: 3469515 DOI: 10.2186/jjps.30.1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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48
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Ito M, Ishida E, Tanabe F, Mori N, Shigeta S. Inhibitory effect of liposome-encapsulated penicillin G on growth of Listeria monocytogenes in mouse macrophages. TOHOKU J EXP MED 1986; 150:281-6. [PMID: 3103258 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.150.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Administration of penicillin G encapsulated in liposomes inhibited the proliferation of Listeria which infected mouse intraperitoneal resident macrophages whereas free penicillin G and/or liposomes did not. This result suggests that administration of antibiotics encapsulated in liposomes is an effective treatment for the intracellular infection.
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Nishiyama R, Ukita N, Tsuga K, Takatori T, Ishida E, Okawa S, Akagawa Y, Tsuru H. [A clinical study of patients with mandibular dysfunction. 1: Clinical statistics in the 1st examination]. Nihon Hotetsu Shika Gakkai Zasshi 1986; 30:575-80. [PMID: 3463848 DOI: 10.2186/jjps.30.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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50
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Yanagawa S, Fukuoka Y, Irokawa T, Ishida E, Kato I. [Experimental occlusal trauma in germfree mice (author's transl)]. Nihon Shishubyo Gakkai Kaishi 1979; 21:66-71. [PMID: 398383 DOI: 10.2329/perio.21.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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