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Grant EK, Kanter JP, Olivieri LJ, Cross RR, Campbell-Washburn A, Faranesh AZ, Cronin I, Hamann KS, O’Byrne ML, Slack MC, Lederman RJ, Ratnayaka K. X-ray fused with MRI guidance of pre-selected transcatheter congenital heart disease interventions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2019; 94:399-408. [PMID: 31062506 PMCID: PMC6823111 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether X-ray fused with MRI (XFM) is beneficial for select transcatheter congenital heart disease interventions. BACKGROUND Complex transcatheter interventions often require three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue imaging guidance. Fusion imaging with live X-ray fluoroscopy can potentially improve and simplify procedures. METHODS Patients referred for select congenital heart disease interventions were prospectively enrolled. Cardiac MRI data was overlaid on live fluoroscopy for procedural guidance. Likert scale operator assessments of value were recorded. Fluoroscopy time, radiation exposure, contrast dose, and procedure time were compared to matched cases from our institutional experience. RESULTS Forty-six patients were enrolled. Pre-catheterization, same day cardiac MRI findings indicated intervention should be deferred in nine patients. XFM-guided cardiac catheterization was performed in 37 (median age 8.7 years [0.5-63 years]; median weight 28 kg [5.6-110 kg]) with the following prespecified indications: pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis (n = 13), aortic coarctation (n = 12), conduit stenosis/insufficiency (n = 9), and ventricular septal defect (n = 3). Diagnostic catheterization showed intervention was not indicated in 12 additional cases. XFM-guided intervention was performed in the remaining 25. Fluoroscopy time was shorter for XFM-guided intervention cases compared to matched controls. There was no significant difference in radiation dose area product, contrast volume, or procedure time. Operator Likert scores indicated XFM provided useful soft tissue guidance in all cases and was never misleading. CONCLUSIONS XFM provides operators with meaningful three-dimensional soft tissue data and reduces fluoroscopy time in select congenital heart disease interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K. Grant
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua P. Kanter
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Laura J. Olivieri
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Russell R. Cross
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Adrienne Campbell-Washburn
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anthony Z. Faranesh
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ileen Cronin
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Karin S. Hamann
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michael L. O’Byrne
- Divison of Cardiology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael C. Slack
- Children’s Heart Program, University of Maryland Children’s Heart Program, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert J. Lederman
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kanishka Ratnayaka
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Cardiology, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
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Campbell-Washburn AE, Rogers T, Stine AM, Khan JM, Ramasawmy R, Schenke WH, McGuirt DR, Mazal JR, Grant LP, Grant EK, Herzka DA, Lederman RJ. Right heart catheterization using metallic guidewires and low SAR cardiovascular magnetic resonance fluoroscopy at 1.5 Tesla: first in human experience. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2018; 20:41. [PMID: 29925397 PMCID: PMC6011242 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-018-0458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) fluoroscopy allows for simultaneous measurement of cardiac function, flow and chamber pressure during diagnostic heart catheterization. To date, commercial metallic guidewires were considered contraindicated during CMR fluoroscopy due to concerns over radiofrequency (RF)-induced heating. The inability to use metallic guidewires hampers catheter navigation in patients with challenging anatomy. Here we use low specific absorption rate (SAR) imaging from gradient echo spiral acquisitions and a commercial nitinol guidewire for CMR fluoroscopy right heart catheterization in patients. METHODS The low-SAR imaging protocol used a reduced flip angle gradient echo acquisition (10° vs 45°) and a longer repetition time (TR) spiral readout (10 ms vs 2.98 ms). Temperature was measured in vitro in the ASTM 2182 gel phantom and post-mortem animal experiments to ensure freedom from heating with the selected guidewire (150 cm × 0.035″ angled-tip nitinol Terumo Glidewire). Seven patients underwent CMR fluoroscopy catheterization. Time to enter each chamber (superior vena cava, main pulmonary artery, and each branch pulmonary artery) was recorded and device visibility and confidence in catheter and guidewire position were scored on a Likert-type scale. RESULTS Negligible heating (< 0.07°C) was observed under all in vitro conditions using this guidewire and imaging approach. In patients, chamber entry was successful in 100% of attempts with a guidewire compared to 94% without a guidewire, with failures to reach the branch pulmonary arteries. Time-to-enter each chamber was similar (p=NS) for the two approaches. The guidewire imparted useful catheter shaft conspicuity and enabled interactive modification of catheter shaft stiffness, however, the guidewire tip visibility was poor. CONCLUSIONS Under specific conditions, trained operators can apply low-SAR imaging and using a specific fully-insulated metallic nitinol guidewire (150 cm × 0.035" Terumo Glidewire) to augment clinical CMR fluoroscopy right heart catheterization. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03152773 , registered May 15, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E. Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Toby Rogers
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Annette M. Stine
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Jaffar M. Khan
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - William H. Schenke
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Delaney R. McGuirt
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Jonathan R. Mazal
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Laurie P. Grant
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Elena K. Grant
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Daniel A. Herzka
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Robert J. Lederman
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2C713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
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Ratnayaka K, Kanter JP, Faranesh AZ, Grant EK, Olivieri LJ, Cross RR, Cronin IF, Hamann KS, Campbell-Washburn AE, O’Brien KJ, Rogers T, Hansen MS, Lederman RJ. Radiation-free CMR diagnostic heart catheterization in children. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:65. [PMID: 28874164 PMCID: PMC5585983 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with heart disease may require repeated X-Ray cardiac catheterization procedures, are more radiosensitive, and more likely to survive to experience oncologic risks of medical radiation. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is radiation-free and offers information about structure, function, and perfusion but not hemodynamics. We intend to perform complete radiation-free diagnostic right heart catheterization entirely using CMR fluoroscopy guidance in an unselected cohort of pediatric patients; we report the feasibility and safety. METHODS We performed 50 CMR fluoroscopy guided comprehensive transfemoral right heart catheterizations in 39 pediatric (12.7 ± 4.7 years) subjects referred for clinically indicated cardiac catheterization. CMR guided catheterizations were assessed by completion (success/failure), procedure time, and safety events (catheterization, anesthesia). Pre and post CMR body temperature was recorded. Concurrent invasive hemodynamic and diagnostic CMR data were collected. RESULTS During a twenty-two month period (3/2015 - 12/2016), enrolled subjects had the following clinical indications: post-heart transplant 33%, shunt 28%, pulmonary hypertension 18%, cardiomyopathy 15%, valvular heart disease 3%, and other 3%. Radiation-free CMR guided right heart catheterization attempts were all successful using passive catheters. In two subjects with septal defects, right and left heart catheterization were performed. There were no complications. One subject had six such procedures. Most subjects (51%) had undergone multiple (5.5 ± 5) previous X-Ray cardiac catheterizations. Retained thoracic surgical or transcatheter implants (36%) did not preclude successful CMR fluoroscopy heart catheterization. During the procedure, two subjects were receiving vasopressor infusions at baseline because of poor cardiac function, and in ten procedures, multiple hemodynamic conditions were tested. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive CMR fluoroscopy guided right heart catheterization was feasible and safe in this small cohort of pediatric subjects. This includes subjects with previous metallic implants, those requiring continuous vasopressor medication infusions, and those requiring pharmacologic provocation. Children requiring multiple, serial X-Ray cardiac catheterizations may benefit most from radiation sparing. This is a step toward wholly CMR guided diagnostic (right and left heart) cardiac catheterization and future CMR guided cardiac intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02739087 registered February 17, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Ratnayaka
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
- Division of Cardiology, Rady Children’s Hospital, 3020 Children’s Way, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Joshua P. Kanter
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Anthony Z. Faranesh
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Elena K. Grant
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Laura J. Olivieri
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Russell R. Cross
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Ileen F. Cronin
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Karin S. Hamann
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Adrienne E. Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Kendall J. O’Brien
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Toby Rogers
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Michael S. Hansen
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
| | - Robert J. Lederman
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
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Rogers T, Ratnayaka K, Khan JM, Stine A, Schenke WH, Grant LP, Mazal JR, Grant EK, Campbell-Washburn A, Hansen MS, Ramasawmy R, Herzka DA, Xue H, Kellman P, Faranesh AZ, Lederman RJ. CMR fluoroscopy right heart catheterization for cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance: results in 102 patients. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:54. [PMID: 28750642 PMCID: PMC5530573 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantification of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) are critical components of invasive hemodynamic assessment, and can be measured concurrently with pressures using phase contrast CMR flow during real-time CMR guided cardiac catheterization. METHODS One hundred two consecutive patients underwent CMR fluoroscopy guided right heart catheterization (RHC) with simultaneous measurement of pressure, cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance using CMR flow and the Fick principle for comparison. Procedural success, catheterization time and adverse events were prospectively collected. RESULTS RHC was successfully completed in 97/102 (95.1%) patients without complication. Catheterization time was 20 ± 11 min. In patients with and without pulmonary hypertension, baseline mean pulmonary artery pressure was 39 ± 12 mmHg vs. 18 ± 4 mmHg (p < 0.001), right ventricular (RV) end diastolic volume was 104 ± 64 vs. 74 ± 24 (p = 0.02), and RV end-systolic volume was 49 ± 30 vs. 31 ± 13 (p = 0.004) respectively. 103 paired cardiac output and 99 paired PVR calculations across multiple conditions were analyzed. At baseline, the bias between cardiac output by CMR and Fick was 5.9% with limits of agreement -38.3% and 50.2% with r = 0.81 (p < 0.001). The bias between PVR by CMR and Fick was -0.02 WU.m2 with limits of agreement -2.6 and 2.5 WU.m2 with r = 0.98 (p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients were lower and limits of agreement wider during physiological provocation with inhaled 100% oxygen and 40 ppm nitric oxide. CONCLUSIONS CMR fluoroscopy guided cardiac catheterization is safe, with acceptable procedure times and high procedural success rate. Cardiac output and PVR measurements using CMR flow correlated well with the Fick at baseline and are likely more accurate during physiological provocation with supplemental high-concentration inhaled oxygen. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01287026 , registered January 25, 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Rogers
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kanishka Ratnayaka
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Department of Cardiology, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Jaffar M. Khan
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Annette Stine
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - William H. Schenke
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Laurie P. Grant
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jonathan R. Mazal
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Elena K. Grant
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Department of Cardiology, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
| | - Adrienne Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michael S. Hansen
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniel A. Herzka
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Hui Xue
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Peter Kellman
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Anthony Z. Faranesh
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Robert J. Lederman
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538 USA
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Morray BH, McElhinney DB, Boudjemline Y, Gewillig M, Kim DW, Grant EK, Bocks ML, Martin MH, Armstrong AK, Berman D, Danon S, Hoyer M, Delaney JW, Justino H, Qureshi AM, Meadows JJ, Jones TK. Multicenter Experience Evaluating Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Bovine Jugular Vein (Contegra) Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduits. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10:CIRCINTERVENTIONS.116.004914. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.116.004914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian H. Morray
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Doff B. McElhinney
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Younes Boudjemline
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Marc Gewillig
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Dennis W. Kim
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Elena K. Grant
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Martin L. Bocks
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Mary H. Martin
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Aimee K. Armstrong
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Darren Berman
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Saar Danon
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Mark Hoyer
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Jeffrey W. Delaney
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Henri Justino
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Athar M. Qureshi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Jeffery J. Meadows
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
| | - Thomas K. Jones
- From the Division of Cardiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, University of Washington (B.H.M., T.K.J.); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lucille Packard Children’s Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA (D.B.M.); Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France (Y.B.); Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology, UZ Leuven, Belgium (M.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (D.W.K., E.K.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of
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7
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Campbell-Washburn AE, Tavallaei MA, Pop M, Grant EK, Chubb H, Rhode K, Wright GA. Real-time MRI guidance of cardiac interventions. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:935-950. [PMID: 28493526 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is appealing to guide complex cardiac procedures because it is ionizing radiation-free and offers flexible soft-tissue contrast. Interventional cardiac MR promises to improve existing procedures and enable new ones for complex arrhythmias, as well as congenital and structural heart disease. Guiding invasive procedures demands faster image acquisition, reconstruction and analysis, as well as intuitive intraprocedural display of imaging data. Standard cardiac MR techniques such as 3D anatomical imaging, cardiac function and flow, parameter mapping, and late-gadolinium enhancement can be used to gather valuable clinical data at various procedural stages. Rapid intraprocedural image analysis can extract and highlight critical information about interventional targets and outcomes. In some cases, real-time interactive imaging is used to provide a continuous stream of images displayed to interventionalists for dynamic device navigation. Alternatively, devices are navigated relative to a roadmap of major cardiac structures generated through fast segmentation and registration. Interventional devices can be visualized and tracked throughout a procedure with specialized imaging methods. In a clinical setting, advanced imaging must be integrated with other clinical tools and patient data. In order to perform these complex procedures, interventional cardiac MR relies on customized equipment, such as interactive imaging environments, in-room image display, audio communication, hemodynamic monitoring and recording systems, and electroanatomical mapping and ablation systems. Operating in this sophisticated environment requires coordination and planning. This review provides an overview of the imaging technology used in MRI-guided cardiac interventions. Specifically, this review outlines clinical targets, standard image acquisition and analysis tools, and the integration of these tools into clinical workflow. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:935-950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Laboratory of Imaging Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohammad A Tavallaei
- Physical Sciences Platform and Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mihaela Pop
- Physical Sciences Platform and Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena K Grant
- Laboratory of Imaging Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Henry Chubb
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Kawal Rhode
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, UK
| | - Graham A Wright
- Physical Sciences Platform and Schulich Heart Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Grant EK, Berul CI, Cross RR, Moak JP, Hamann KS, Sumihara K, Cronin I, O'Brien KJ, Ratnayaka K, Hansen MS, Kellman P, Olivieri LJ. Acute Cardiac MRI Assessment of Radiofrequency Ablation Lesions for Pediatric Ventricular Arrhythmia: Feasibility and Clinical Correlation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2017; 28:517-522. [PMID: 28245348 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmia ablation with current techniques is not universally successful. Inadequate ablation lesion formation may be responsible for some arrhythmia recurrences. Periprocedural visualization of ablation lesions may identify inadequate lesions and gaps to guide further ablation and reduce risk of arrhythmia recurrence. METHODS This feasibility study assessed acute postprocedure ablation lesions by MRI, and correlated these findings with clinical outcomes. Ten pediatric patients who underwent ventricular tachycardia ablation were transferred immediately postablation to a 1.5T MRI scanner and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging was performed to characterize ablation lesions. Immediate and mid-term arrhythmia recurrences were assessed. RESULTS Patient characteristics include median age 14 years (1-18 years), median weight 52 kg (11-81 kg), normal cardiac anatomy (n = 6), d-transposition of great arteries post arterial switch repair (n = 2), anomalous coronary artery origin post repair (n = 1), and cardiac rhabdomyoma (n = 1). All patients underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmia with acute procedural success. LGE was identified at the reported ablation site in 9/10 patients, all arrhythmia-free at median 7 months follow-up. LGE was not visible in 1 patient who had recurrence of frequent premature ventricular contractions within 2 hours, confirmed on Holter at 1 and 21 months post procedure. CONCLUSIONS Ventricular ablation lesion visibility by MRI in the acute post procedure setting is feasible. Lesions identifiable with MRI may correlate with clinical outcomes. Acute MRI identification of gaps or inadequate lesions may provide the unique temporal opportunity for additional ablation therapy to decrease arrhythmia recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Grant
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles I Berul
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Russell R Cross
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Moak
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Karin S Hamann
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kohei Sumihara
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ileen Cronin
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kendall J O'Brien
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kanishka Ratnayaka
- Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael S Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Kellman
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura J Olivieri
- Department of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Grant EK, Kim DW, Border WL, Lerakis S, Babaliaros V, Vincent RN. Transseptal Anchored Vascular Plug Closure of Mitral Valve Perforation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10:e45-e46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Kellman P, Xue H, Olivieri LJ, Cross RR, Grant EK, Fontana M, Ugander M, Moon JC, Hansen MS. Dark blood late enhancement imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016; 18:77. [PMID: 27817748 PMCID: PMC5098284 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-016-0297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bright blood late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging typically achieves excellent contrast between infarcted and normal myocardium. However, the contrast between the myocardial infarction (MI) and the blood pool is frequently suboptimal. A large fraction of infarctions caused by coronary artery disease are sub-endocardial and thus adjacent to the blood pool. It is not infrequent that sub-endocardial MIs are difficult to detect or clearly delineate. METHODS In this present work, an inversion recovery (IR) T2 preparation was combined with single shot steady state free precession imaging and respiratory motion corrected averaging to achieve dark blood LGE images with good signal to noise ratio while maintaining the desired spatial and temporal resolution. In this manner, imaging was conducted free-breathing, which has benefits for image quality, patient comfort, and clinical workflow in both adults and children. Furthermore, by using a phase sensitive inversion recovery reconstruction the blood signal may be made darker than the myocardium (i.e., negative signal values) thereby providing contrast between the blood and both the MI and remote myocardium. In the proposed approach, a single T1-map scout was used to measure the myocardial and blood T1 using a MOdified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (MOLLI) protocol and all protocol parameters were automatically calculated from these values within the sequence thereby simplifying the user interface. RESULTS The contrast to noise ratio (CNR) between MI and remote myocardium was measured in n = 30 subjects with subendocardial MI using both bright blood and dark blood protocols. The CNR for the dark blood protocol had a 13 % loss compared to the bright blood protocol. The CNR between the MI and blood pool was positive for all dark blood cases, and was negative in 63 % of the bright blood cases. The conspicuity of subendocardial fibrosis and MI was greatly improved by dark blood (DB) PSIR as well as the delineation of the subendocardial border. CONCLUSIONS Free-breathing, dark blood PSIR LGE imaging was demonstrated to improve the visualization of subendocardial MI and fibrosis in cases with low contrast with adjacent blood pool. The proposed method also improves visualization of thin walled fibrous structures such as atrial walls and valves, as well as papillary muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kellman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive MSC-1061, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Hui Xue
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive MSC-1061, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Laura J. Olivieri
- Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave., N.W, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Russell R. Cross
- Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave., N.W, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Elena K. Grant
- Children’s National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave., N.W, Washington, DC 20010 USA
| | - Marianna Fontana
- National Amyloidosis Centre, University College London (UCL) Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Martin Ugander
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James C. Moon
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael S. Hansen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive MSC-1061, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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11
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Grant EK, Berger JT. Use of Pulmonary Hypertension Medications in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia and Multiple Aortopulmonary Collaterals. Pediatr Cardiol 2016; 37:304-12. [PMID: 26511384 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-015-1278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with pulmonary atresia (PA) and multiple aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs) is a rare and severe form of congenital heart disease with poor prognosis. Aortopulmonary collaterals expose pulmonary arterioles to systemic pressure resulting in pulmonary hypertension (PH). To date, reports regarding the role of PH medications in this population are sparse. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of PH medications in patients with TOF, PA and MAPCAs or similar anatomy, with emphasis on symptoms, echocardiography and invasive hemodynamics. A retrospective review was performed for patients at a single tertiary care pediatric center. Twelve of 66 patients were treated with PH medications (18 %), and eight of these patients had adequate follow-up for further analysis. Median age at last follow-up was 6 years (range 1.4-21 years). Median length of therapy with PH medication was 4 years (range 0.3-17 years). PH medications included sildenafil, bosentan, ambrisentan, inhaled treprostinil and prostacyclin infusion. PH therapy was associated with improvement in symptoms in all patients and improvement in PH by hemodynamic measures in the majority of patients. All patients underwent at least one cardiac intervention by catheterization or surgery while taking PH medication. Two patients died from non-PH-related causes. The remaining six patients are alive and remain on PH medication. This review indicates that PH medications are well tolerated by this patient group and provide symptomatic improvement. Further studies are required to determine whether PH medications provide long-term survival benefit for patients with complex congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Grant
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - John T Berger
- Division of Cardiology, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.,Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
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12
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Grant EK, Faranesh AZ, Cross RR, Olivieri LJ, Hamann KS, O'Brien KJ, Hansen MS, Donofrio MT, Lederman RJ, Ratnayaka K, Slack MC. Image Fusion Guided Device Closure of Left Ventricle to Right Atrium Shunt. Circulation 2016; 132:1366-7. [PMID: 26438770 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.013724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Grant
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.).
| | - Anthony Z Faranesh
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Russell R Cross
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Laura J Olivieri
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Karin S Hamann
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Kendall J O'Brien
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Michael S Hansen
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Mary T Donofrio
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Robert J Lederman
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Kanishka Ratnayaka
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
| | - Michael C Slack
- From Department of Cardiology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC (E.K.G., A.Z.F., R.R.C., L.J.O., K.S.H., K.J.O., M.S.H., M.T.D., R.J.L., K.R.); Division of Intramural Research, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (E.K.G., A.Z.F., M.S.H., R.J.L., K.R.); and University of Maryland Children's Heart Program, Baltimore, MD (M.C.S.)
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Grant EK, Berul CI. Transcatheter therapies for arrhythmias in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Interv Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/ica.15.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Grant EK, Evans MJ. Cardiac findings in fetal and pediatric autopsies: a five-year retrospective review. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2009; 12:103-10. [PMID: 18721004 DOI: 10.2350/08-03-0440.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to determine the spectrum of cardiac findings in our fetal and pediatric postmortem population and provide an analysis of associated extracardiac malformations and genetic abnormalities. Pediatric autopsy reports from 2003 to 2007 inclusive were reviewed and cases with cardiac pathology selected for analysis. Over the 5-year period, 119 cases (10.8%) with abnormal cardiac findings were identified from a total of 1102 postmortem examinations. Of these cardiac cases, 42% were after termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly, 29% after fetal demise, 14% after neonatal unit death, 3% after hospital inpatient death, and 11% after sudden unexpected death. Structural abnormality cases numbered 107 (90%), with ventricular septal defect as the most common individual defect. Nonstructural abnormality cases, such as myocarditis, numbered 12 (10%). Extracardiac malformations were identified in 78%. Chromosome or gene aberrations were detected in 37%. This review highlights the potential benefit of introducing routine fetal anomaly scanning, the need for cardiac pathology training for pediatric pathologists, and the importance of examination of the heart and associated vessels in all cases to provide parents with as much information as possible and aid identification of the etiology and associations of cardiac pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Grant
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Vanderkamp J, Grant EK. Canadian internal migration statistics: some comparisons and evaluations. Can J Reg Sci 1988; 11:9-32, 197. [PMID: 12282009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper "is to discuss some of the major sources of existing [Canadian] internal migration data, especially interprovincial migration data, and to provide some comparisons and evaluations of the various data sets. The analysis will relate to gross migration rates, correlations of migration matrices, net-gross migration ratios, and net impact measures, and it will also include specific case studies of the migration experience of some Canadian provinces in the last few decades." (SUMMARY IN FRE)
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Grant EK, Vanderkamp J. Repeat migration and disappointment. Can J Reg Sci 1986; 9:299-322. [PMID: 12157895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
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Grant EK, Vanderkamp J. Migrant information and the remigration decision: further evidence. South Econ J 1985; 51:1-215. [PMID: 12279993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study concerns the relationship between the decision to migrate again and the success or failure of a previous move. The data concern approximately 5,000 individuals who made their initial move in 1968-1969 from one of the 44 regions of Canada to another. Consideration is also given to the role that distance of the prior move plays in influencing the remigration decision. The authors conclude that "a disappointing income experience during a previous move can be an important determinant in causing individuals to move again immediately after an initial move."
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Grant EK, Joseph AE. The spatial aspects and regularities of multiple interregional migration within Canada: evidence and implications. Can J Reg Sci 1983; 6:75-95. [PMID: 12265880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Grant EK, Vanderkamp J. The effects of migration on income: a micro study with Canadian data 1965-71. Can J Econ 1980; 13:381-406. [PMID: 12263278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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