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Marusak HA, Elrahal F, Peters CA, Kundu P, Lombardo MV, Calhoun VD, Goldberg EK, Cohen C, Taub JW, Rabinak CA. Mindfulness and dynamic functional neural connectivity in children and adolescents. Behav Brain Res 2017; 336:211-218. [PMID: 28887198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions that promote mindfulness consistently show salutary effects on cognition and emotional wellbeing in adults, and more recently, in children and adolescents. However, we lack understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying mindfulness in youth that should allow for more judicious application of these interventions in clinical and educational settings. METHODS Using multi-echo multi-band fMRI, we examined dynamic (i.e., time-varying) and conventional static resting-state connectivity between core neurocognitive networks (i.e., salience/emotion, default mode, central executive) in 42 children and adolescents (ages 6-17). RESULTS We found that trait mindfulness in youth relates to dynamic but not static resting-state connectivity. Specifically, more mindful youth transitioned more between brain states over the course of the scan, spent overall less time in a certain connectivity state, and showed a state-specific reduction in connectivity between salience/emotion and central executive networks. The number of state transitions mediated the link between higher mindfulness and lower anxiety, providing new insights into potential neural mechanisms underlying benefits of mindfulness on psychological health in youth. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new evidence that mindfulness in youth relates to functional neural dynamics and interactions between neurocognitive networks, over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary A Marusak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States.
| | - Farrah Elrahal
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
| | - Craig A Peters
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
| | - Prantik Kundu
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Michael V Lombardo
- Department of Psychology and Center for Applied Neuroscience, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus; Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States
| | - Elimelech K Goldberg
- Kids Kicking Cancer, Southfield, MI, 48034, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
| | - Cindy Cohen
- Kids Kicking Cancer, Southfield, MI, 48034, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States; Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
| | - Christine A Rabinak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48201, United States
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Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the existence of a melanoma tumor suppressor gene(s) on the long arm of chromosome 11 through suppression of tumorigenicity assays. Although loss of heterozygosity studies also support this finding, only a large critical region (44 cM) has been identified to date on 11q22-25. To further localize a tumor suppressor gene(s) within this region, we have now generated and characterized nine melanoma microcell hybrids, each retaining an introduced fragment of 11q. Of the nine hybrids, four were suppressed for tumor formation in nude mice, while five formed tumors at the same rate as the parental melanoma cell line (UACC 903). Molecular analysis of the hybrids with 118 microsatellite markers narrowed the location of a putative suppressor gene to a small (< or =2 Mb) candidate region on 11q23 between the markers D11S1786 and D11S2077 and within the larger region frequently deleted in melanoma tumors and cell lines. While multiple tumor suppressor genes are likely to reside on 11q22-25, the presence of this region in all four suppressed hybrids supports the simplest model that a single locus is responsible for the suppressed phenotype observed in UACC 903.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Robertson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521, USA
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Beck SE, Goldberg EK. Jewish beliefs, values, and practices: implications for culturally sensitive nursing care. Adv Pract Nurs Q 1998; 2:15-22. [PMID: 9447069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Providing culturally sensitive nursing care for the Jewish patient is a challenge for the non-Jewish nurse. Understanding the major values, ethics, and practices of Judaism that have relevance to nursing and medical care will give the advanced practice nurse the ability to provide care that is individualized to the patient and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Beck
- Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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