1
|
van Hooff MC, Werner E, van der Meer AJ. Treatment in primary biliary cholangitis: Beyond ursodeoxycholic acid. Eur J Intern Med 2024:S0953-6205(24)00037-2. [PMID: 38307734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare cholestatic immune-mediated liver disease. The clinical course varies from mild to severe, with a substantial group of patients developing cirrhosis within a decade. These patients are at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensation and liver failure. First line Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment improves the cholestatic surrogate markers, and was recently associated with a favorable survival free of liver transplantation, even in case of an incomplete biochemical response. However, despite adequate UDCA therapy, patients remain at risk of liver disease progression. Therefore, on-treatment multifactor-based risk stratification is necessary to identify patients in need of additional therapy. This requires a personalized approach; especially as recent studies suggest that complete biochemical normalization as most stringent response criterion might be preferred in selected patients to optimize their outcome. Today, stricter biochemical goals might actually be reachable with the addition of farnesoid X receptor or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, or, in highly-selected cases, use of corticosteroids. Randomized controlled trials showed improvements in the key biochemical surrogate markers with the addition of these drugs, which have also been associated with improved clinical outcome. Considering this evolving PBC landscape, with more versatile treatment options and treatment goals, this review recapitulates the recent insight in UDCA therapy, the selection of patients with a residual risk of liver disease progression and the results of the currently available second line treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C van Hooff
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, NA building, Floor 6, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - E Werner
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, NA building, Floor 6, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - A J van der Meer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, NA building, Floor 6, Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gustafsson H, Hammond J, Spicer J, Kuzava S, Werner E, Spann M, Marsh R, Feng T, Lee S, Monk C. Third Trimester Fetuses Demonstrate Priming, a Form of Implicit Memory, In Utero. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:children9111670. [PMID: 36360397 PMCID: PMC9688725 DOI: 10.3390/children9111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Research examinations of changes in fetal heart rate (HR) to operationalize fetal memory suggests that human memory capacities emerge in utero. However, there is little evidence for a form of implicit memory or priming. The present aim was to determine if priming is evident in utero. Fetal HR, maternal HR and maternal respiratory rate (RR) were examined in 105 women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Women experienced two counterbalanced laboratory tasks, the Stroop task and the paced breathing task, and their cardiorespiratory activity functioned as a stimulus for fetuses. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed maternal HR increased during the Stroop task but only when the Stroop task was presented first (89.64 bpm to 92.39 bpm) (p = 0.04). Maternal RR increased during the Stroop task, regardless of task order (17.72 bpm to 21.11 bpm; 18.50 bpm to 22.60 bpm) (p < 0.01). Fetal HR increased during the paced breathing task, but only when it followed maternal exposure to the Stroop task (141.13 bpm to 143.97 bpm) (p < 0.01). Fetuses registered maternal HR and RR reactivity to the Stroop task, which influenced their response during maternal engagement with a related task, suggesting priming. Further study of fetal memory may suggest another pathway by which prenatal exposures impact future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Gustafsson
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer Hammond
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Julie Spicer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sierra Kuzava
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marisa Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tianshu Feng
- Department of Biostatistics (in Psychiatry), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Biostatistics (in Psychiatry), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Werner E, Gokhale A, Ackert M, Xu C, Wen Z, Roberts AM, Roberts BR, Vrailas-Mortimer A, Crocker A, Faundez V. The mitochondrial RNA granule modulates manganese-dependent cell toxicity. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar108. [PMID: 35921164 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-03-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged manganese exposure causes manganism, a neurodegenerative movement disorder. The identity of adaptive and nonadaptive cellular processes targeted by manganese remains mostly unexplored. Here we study mechanisms engaged by manganese in genetic cellular models known to increase susceptibility to manganese exposure, the plasma membrane manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 and the mitochondrial Parkinson's gene PARK2. We found that SLC30A10 and PARK2 mutations as well as manganese exposure compromised the mitochondrial RNA granule composition and function, resulting in disruption of mitochondrial transcript processing. These RNA granule defects led to impaired assembly and function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Notably, cells that survived a cytotoxic manganese challenge had impaired RNA granule function, thus suggesting that this granule phenotype was adaptive. CRISPR gene editing of subunits of the mitochondrial RNA granule, FASTKD2 or DHX30, as well as pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial transcription-translation, were protective rather than deleterious for survival of cells acutely exposed to manganese. Similarly, adult Drosophila mutants with defects in the mitochondrial RNA granule component scully were safeguarded from manganese-induced mortality. We conclude that impairment of the mitochondrial RNA granule function is a protective mechanism for acute manganese toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - A Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - M Ackert
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 617901
| | - C Xu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Z Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - A M Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - B R Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - A Vrailas-Mortimer
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 617901
| | - A Crocker
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753
| | - V Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Höllriegl V, Roth P, Werner E, Schramel P, Wendler I, Felgenhauer N, Zilker T. Influence of calcium on the uptake of ingested strontium. KERNTECHNIK 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/kern-2003-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Radioactive isotopes of strontium, mainly 90Sr, released into the environment due to nuclear accidents may contribute significantly to the internal radiation exposure of members of the public after ingestion of strontium with contaminated foodstuffs. The committed radiation dose is significantly dependent on the fraction of the ingested activity that crossed the gut wall (f1 value). The directive 96/29/EURATOM has adopted f1 values of 0.3 for adults. This study was aimed to investigate how far the calcium content of foodstuffs influences the uptake of ingested strontium. For aqueous solutions without calcium containing 1 mg strontium, f1 values of 0.62 ± 0.13 (mean ± SD) were obtained. However, the uptake of 1 mg Sr from milk, and respectively from solutions with calcium was lower than from aqueous solution (f1: = 0.32 ± 0.06, respectively f1: = 0.31 ± 0.06). The data obtained show a significant reduction of the uptake of ingested strontium from milk in comparison to aqueous solution. The calcium content of milk could explain this reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Höllriegl
- Institute of Radiation Protection, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - P. Roth
- Institute of Radiation Protection, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - E. Werner
- Institute of Radiation Protection, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - P. Schramel
- Institute of Ecological Chemistry, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - I. Wendler
- Institute of Ecological Chemistry, GSF National Research Center for Environment and Health , Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1 , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - N. Felgenhauer
- Department of Toxicology of the II. Medical Clinic of Technical University Munich , München , Germany
| | - T. Zilker
- Department of Toxicology of the II. Medical Clinic of Technical University Munich , München , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaplan I, Bubley GJ, Bhatt RS, Taplin ME, Dowling S, Mahoney K, Werner E, Nguyen P. Enzalutamide With Radiation Therapy for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Phase 2 Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 110:1416-1422. [PMID: 33636278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is often used as adjuvant treatment with radiation therapy (RT) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer. ADT is associated with multiple side effects, including weight gain, loss of libido, and hot flashes. In contrast, antiandrogen monotherapy has been generally better tolerated. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of enzalutamide (an antiandrogen) monotherapy with RT for the treatment of intermediate-risk prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS This trial was an open-label, phase 2 study of 6 months of enzalutamide monotherapy with external beam RT for intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Enzalutamide was initiated 2 months before external beam RT. The primary endpoint was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response measured at the end of enzalutamide administration at the 6-month timepoint. Secondary endpoints included assessment of toxicity and changes in anthropomorphic body measurement, sexual function, and metabolism. The sample size was 64 patients. The hypothesis was that if ≥60% of the patients did not achieve a PSA nadir of ≤0.2 ng/mL, the study results would be deemed negative. RESULTS The results met the prespecified endpoint for efficacy in that PSA values ≤0.2 ng/mL were observed in 49 of 64 patients (77%), and 60 of 64 patients (94%) had PSA values ≤0.5ng/mL. The most frequent adverse events were hypertension and gynecomastia. There were no changes in anthropomorphic body measurements and only modest erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Using PSA response as an endpoint, enzalutamide monotherapy may be as effective as ADT in combination with external beam RT for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer, and it is associated with fewer side effects. Randomized trials comparing enzalutamide with ADT are justified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irving Kaplan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Glenn J Bubley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rupal S Bhatt
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shanna Dowling
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen Mahoney
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - E Werner
- Department of Biostatics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scorza P, Merz EC, Spann M, Steinberg E, Feng T, Lee S, Werner E, Peterson BS, Monk C. Pregnancy-specific stress and sensitive caregiving during the transition to motherhood in adolescents. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:458. [PMID: 34187393 PMCID: PMC8243904 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal prenatal stress is associated with worse socio-emotional outcomes in offspring throughout childhood. However, the association between prenatal stress and later caregiving sensitivity is not well understood, despite the significant role that caregiving quality plays in child socio-emotional development. The goal of this study was to examine whether dimensions of pregnancy-specific stress are correlated with observer-based postnatal maternal caregiving sensitivity in pregnant adolescents. METHODS Healthy, nulliparous pregnant adolescents (n = 244; 90 % LatinX) reported on their pregnancy-specific stress using the Revised Prenatal Distress Questionnaire (NuPDQ). Of these 244, 71 participated in a follow-up visit at 14 months postpartum. Videotaped observations of mother-child free play interactions at 14 months postpartum were coded for maternal warmth and contingent responsiveness. Confirmatory factor analysis of the NuPDQ supported a three-factor model of pregnancy-specific stress, with factors including stress about the social and economic context, baby's health, and physical symptoms of pregnancy. RESULTS Greater pregnancy-specific stress about social and economic context and physical symptoms of pregnancy was associated with reduced maternal warmth but not contingent responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS Heightened maternal stress about the social and economic context of the perinatal period and physical symptoms of pregnancy may already signal future difficulties in caregiving and provide an optimal opening for early parenting interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Scorza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. .,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Emily C Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, 0000- 0003-1950-2345, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Marisa Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Steinberg
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianshu Feng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute for the Developing Mind, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reuveni I, Lauria M, Monk C, Werner E. The impact of childhood trauma on psychological interventions for depression during pregnancy and postpartum: a systematic review. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:367-380. [PMID: 33040264 PMCID: PMC8176623 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Women who have experienced childhood trauma (CT) are at increased risk for depression during pregnancy and postpartum, pregnancy complications, and adverse child outcomes. There are effective psychotherapeutic interventions to treat depression during pregnancy and postpartum, yet there is a paucity of literature on the impact of CT on treatment outcomes. This review aims to determine whether and how maternal CT history affects the outcomes of psychological interventions for depression during pregnancy and postpartum. PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library searches were conducted to identify papers on psychological interventions designed to treat depression during pregnancy and postpartum in women with CT. Seven manuscripts, describing six studies, met the inclusion criteria (N = 1234). Three studies utilized core principles of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). Two studies investigated interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). One study was based on a psychoeducation component. Results suggest that IPT-based interventions are beneficial for women with CT. The evidence regarding CBT-based interventions is less conclusive. This review is written in light of the paucity of research addressing the question systematically. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was the main measure used to assess CT. Trauma related to accidents, illness, and political violence was not included. The results are only applicable to interventions based on either IPT or CBT and cannot be generalized to other forms of psychotherapy. Psychotherapeutic interventions are beneficial for depressed women with history of CT during pregnancy and postpartum; however, further systematic research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Reuveni
- Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maia Lauria
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Merz EC, Monk C, Bansal R, Sawardekar S, Lee S, Feng T, Spann M, Foss S, McDonough L, Werner E, Peterson BS. Neonatal brain metabolite concentrations: Associations with age, sex, and developmental outcomes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243255. [PMID: 33332379 PMCID: PMC7746171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and sex differences in brain metabolite concentrations in early life are not well understood. We examined the associations of age and sex with brain metabolite levels in healthy neonates, and investigated the associations between neonatal brain metabolite concentrations and developmental outcomes. Forty-one infants (36–42 gestational weeks at birth; 39% female) of predominantly Hispanic/Latina mothers (mean 18 years of age) underwent MRI scanning approximately two weeks after birth. Multiplanar chemical shift imaging was used to obtain voxel-wise maps of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine, and choline concentrations across the brain. The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, a measure of cognitive, language, and motor skills, and mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm, a measure of learning and memory, were administered at 4 months of age. Findings indicated that postmenstrual age correlated positively with NAA concentrations in multiple subcortical and white matter regions. Creatine and choline concentrations showed similar but less pronounced age related increases. Females compared with males had higher metabolite levels in white matter and subcortical gray matter. Neonatal NAA concentrations were positively associated with learning and negatively associated with memory at 4 months. Age-related increases in NAA, creatine, and choline suggest rapid development of neuronal viability, cellular energy metabolism, and cell membrane turnover, respectively, during early life. Females may undergo earlier and more rapid regional developmental increases in the density of viable neurons compared to males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ravi Bansal
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Siddhant Sawardekar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Tianshu Feng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Marisa Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Sophie Foss
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Laraine McDonough
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College, New York, New York, United States of America
- City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Talluri S, Subramanian CR, Werner E, Kasireddy V, Philip L. Bilateral Primary Marginal Zone Lymphoma of the Breast - A Rare Breast Malignancy. In Vivo 2020; 34:3597-3600. [PMID: 33144473 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) presents only rarely within the breast, although the incidence of breast EMZL has increased in the past decade for unclear reasons. Due to its rarity, the etiology, course, and treatment response of this cancer are less studied. Case Report: We present the case of a 64-year-old female who had bilateral diffuse irregularity in a trabecular pattern on screening mammogram. Random ultrasound-guided breast biopsy of the right breast demonstrated an extra-nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. She also had approximately 25% marrow involvement by mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type marginal zone lymphoma and splenomegaly. Clinically she remained asymptomatic during a 1-year follow-up. Although she presented with advanced-stage disease involving both breasts, spleen and bone marrow, given her lack of associated symptoms, she was observed with active surveillance. Conclusion: Asymptomatic cases of breast EMZL can be managed with close observation as exemplified by our case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Talluri
- Department of Medicine, Guthrie Clinic/Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, U.S.A.
| | | | - Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Radiology, Guthrie Clinic/Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, U.S.A
| | - Vineela Kasireddy
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guthrie Clinic/Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, U.S.A
| | - Lowry Philip
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Guthrie Clinic/Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, PA, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Scorza P, Monk C, Lee S, Feng T, Berry OO, Werner E. Preventing maternal mental health disorders in the context of poverty: pilot efficacy of a dyadic intervention. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2020; 2:100230. [PMID: 33345933 PMCID: PMC7893538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends that clinicians provide or refer pregnant and postpartum women who are at an increased risk of perinatal depression to counseling interventions. However, this prevention goal requires effective interventions that reach women at risk of, but before, the development of a depressive disorder. OBJECTIVE We describe a pilot efficacy trial of a novel dyadic intervention to prevent common maternal mental health disorders, that is, Practical Resources for Effective Postpartum Parenting, in a sample of women at risk of maternal mental health disorders based on poverty status. We hypothesized that Practical Resources for Effective Postpartum Parenting compared with enhanced treatment as usual would reduce symptoms of maternal mental health disorders after birth. STUDY DESIGN A total of 60 pregnant women who were recruited from obstetrical practices at Columbia University Irving Medical Center were randomized to the Practical Resources for Effective Postpartum Parenting (n=30) or enhanced treatment as usual (n=30) intervention. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire were used to compare maternal mood at 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 16 weeks after delivery. RESULTS At 6 weeks after delivery, women randomized to Practical Resources for Effective Postpartum Parenting had lower mean Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scores (P=.018), lower mean Hamilton Depression scores (P<.001), and lower mean Hamilton Anxiety scores (P=.041); however, the incidence of postpartum mental disorders did not differ by treatment group. CONCLUSION The Practical Resources for Effective Postpartum Parenting, which is an intervention integrated within obstetrical care, improves subclinical symptomology for at-risk dyads at a crucial time in the early postpartum period; however, our study did not detect reductions in the incidence of postpartum mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Scorza
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY.
| | - Catherine Monk
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY; Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Tianshu Feng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | | | - Elizabeth Werner
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY; Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kopacz A, Werner E, Kloska D, Hajduk K, Fichna J, Jozkowicz A, Piechota-Polanczyk A. Nrf2 transcriptional activity in the mouse affects the physiological response to tribromoethanol. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110317. [PMID: 32485566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to date, there is no information on the influence of 2,2,2-tribromoethanol (TBE; Avertin), a commonly used anaesthetic, on mice with impaired antioxidant capacity. We aimed to analyse the effect of a single dose of Avertin on anaesthesia duration time, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and collagen deposition in the large intestine of Nrf2 transcriptional knockout mice (tNrf2-/-). The studies were performed on six-month-old female mice Nrf2+/+ and tNrf2-/- randomly assigned to Avertin (250 mg/kg b.w. single i.p. injection) or vehicle group. We observed a 2-fold increase in anaesthesia time and longer recovery time (p = 0.015) in tNrf2-/- in comparison to Nrf2+/+. However, no hepato- or nephrotoxicity was detected. Interestingly, we found severe changes in colon morphology of untreated tNrf2-/- mice associated with colon shortening (p = 0.02) and thickening (p = 0.015). Avertin treatment caused colon damage manifested with epithelial layer damage and goblet depletion in Nrf2+/+ mice but not in tNrf2-/- individuals. Additionally, Avertin did not induce oxidative stress in colon tissue, but it increased leukocyte infiltration in Nrf2+/+ mice (p = 0.02). Immunofluorescent staining also revealed enhanced deposition of collagen I and collagen III in the colon of untreated tNrf2-/- mice. Avertin contributed to increased deposition of collagen I in Nrf2+/+ mice but reduced deposition of collagen I and III in tNrf2-/- individuals. In conclusion, tNrf2-/- respond to Avertin with prolonged anaesthesia that is not associated with acute toxicity, inflammatory reaction or enhanced oxidative stress. Avertin does not impair intestine morphology in tNrf2-/- mice but can normalise the enhanced fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kopacz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Werner
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Department of Animal Reproduction and Anatomy, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Kloska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Hajduk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Piechota-Polanczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grobman WA, Sandoval G, Reddy UM, Tita AT, Silver RM, Mallett G, Hill K, Rice MM, El-Sayed YY, Wapner RJ, Rouse DJ, Saade GR, Thorp JM, Chauhan SP, Iams JD, Chien EK, Casey BM, Gibbs RS, Srinivas SK, Swamy GK, Simhan HN, Macones GA, Peaceman A, Plunkett B, Paycheck K, Dinsmoor M, Harris S, Sheppard J, Biggio J, Harper L, Longo S, Servay C, Varner M, Sowles A, Coleman K, Atkinson D, Stratford J, Dellermann S, Meadows C, Esplin S, Martin C, Peterson K, Stradling S, Willson C, Lyell D, Girsen A, Knapp R, Gyamfi C, Bousleiman S, Perez-Delboy A, Talucci M, Carmona V, Plante L, Tocci C, Leopanto B, Hoffman M, Dill-Grant L, Palomares K, Otarola S, Skupski D, Chan R, Allard D, Gelsomino T, Rousseau J, Beati L, Milano J, Werner E, Salazar A, Costantine M, Chiossi G, Pacheco L, Saad A, Munn M, Jain S, Clark S, Clark K, Boggess K, Timlin S, Eichelberger K, Moore A, Beamon C, Byers H, Ortiz F, Garcia L, Sibai B, Bartholomew A, Buhimschi C, Landon M, Johnson F, Webb L, McKenna D, Fennig K, Snow K, Habli M, McClellan M, Lindeman C, Dalton W, Hackney D, Cozart H, Mayle A, Mercer B, Moseley L, Gerald J, Fay-Randall L, Garcia M, Sias A, Price J, Hale K, Phipers J, Heyborne K, Craig J, Parry S, Sehdev H, Bishop T, Ferrara J, Bickus M, Caritis S, Thom E, Doherty L, de Voest J. Health resource utilization of labor induction versus expectant management. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 222:369.e1-369.e11. [PMID: 31930993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although induction of labor of low-risk nulliparous women at 39 weeks reduces the risk of cesarean delivery compared with expectant management, concern regarding more frequent use of labor induction remains, given that this intervention historically has been thought to incur greater resource utilization. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether planned elective labor induction at 39 weeks among low-risk nulliparous women, compared with expectant management, was associated with differences in health care resource utilization from the time of randomization through 8 weeks postpartum. STUDY DESIGN This is a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized trial in which low-risk nulliparous women were assigned to induction of labor at 39 weeks or expectant management. We assessed resource utilization after randomization in 3 time periods: antepartum, delivery admission, and discharge through 8 weeks postpartum. RESULTS Of 6096 women with data available, those in the induction of labor group (n = 3059) were significantly less likely in the antepartum period after randomization to have at least 1 ambulatory visit for routine prenatal care (32.4% vs 68.4%), unanticipated care (0.5% vs 2.6%), or urgent care (16.2% vs 44.3%), or at least 1 antepartum hospitalization (0.8% vs 2.2%, P < .001 for all). They also had fewer tests (eg, sonograms, blood tests) and treatments (eg, antibiotics, intravenous hydration) prior to delivery. During the delivery admission, women in the induction of labor group spent a longer time in labor and delivery (median, 0.83 vs 0.57 days), but both women (P = .002) and their neonates (P < .001) had shorter postpartum stays. Women and neonates in both groups had similar frequencies of postpartum urgent care and hospital readmissions (P > .05 for all). CONCLUSION Women randomized to induction of labor had longer durations in labor and delivery but significantly fewer antepartum visits, tests, and treatments and shorter maternal and neonatal hospital durations after delivery. These results demonstrate that the health outcome advantages associated with induction of labor are gained without incurring uniformly greater health care resource use.
Collapse
|
13
|
Robakis TK, Lee S, Werner E, Liu G, Miller M, Wylie D, Champagne FA, Salas M, Do C, Tycko B, Monk C. DNA methylation patterns in T lymphocytes are generally stable in human pregnancies but CD3 methylation is associated with perinatal psychiatric symptoms. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 3:100044. [PMID: 34589835 PMCID: PMC8474679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether DNA methylation patterns in genes coding for selected T-lymphocyte proteins are associated with perinatal psychiatric distress or with complications of pregnancy. Methods T lymphocyte DNA was obtained from pregnant women across three time points in pregnancy and the postpartum period and epigenetic patterns were assessed using Illumina 450 K Methylation Beadchips. Seven selected genes critical for T cell function were analyzed for methylation changes during pregnancy and for associations of methylation patterns with psychiatric distress or with pregnancy complications, with particular attention paid to spatial aggregations of methyl groups, termed ‘hotspots,’ within the selected genes. Results In the candidate gene approach, DNA methylation density within a single cluster of 9 contiguous CpG loci within the CD3 gene was found to be strongly associated with anxiety and depression in mid- and late pregnancy, and weakly associated with the presence of complications of pregnancy. Average DNA methylation density across each of the seven genes examined, and assay-wide, was found to be relatively stable across pregnancy and postpartum, but methylation within the CD3 hotspot was more malleable and changes over time were coordinated across the nine cytosines in the hotspot. CD3 CpGs did not pass array-wide tests for significance, but CpG clusters in two other genes, DTNBP1 and OXSR1, showed array-wide significant associations with anxiety. Conclusions Despite the need for tolerating the fetal hemi-allograft, overall DNA methylation patterns in T lymphocytes are generally stable over the mid to late course of human pregnancies and postpartum. However, site-specific changes in DNA methylation density in CD3 appear linked to both symptoms of depression and anxiety in pregnancy and, less strongly, to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Associations exist between DNA methylation density in T cells and measures of stress and mental health in pregnant women. Global DNA methylation density is generally stable over the course of pregnancy. A subregion within the CD3 gene has unusually variable DNA methylation density and is associated with anxiety and depression. Spatial and gene specificity may be important elements of epigenetic regulation of immune function in pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thalia K Robakis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Grace Liu
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Melissa Miller
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Psychology, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Dennis Wylie
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Psychology, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Frances A Champagne
- University of Texas at Austin Department of Psychology, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Martha Salas
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Catherine Do
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Benjamin Tycko
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, 07110, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Columbia University Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kole M, Nelson L, Has P, Werner E, Rouse D, Hardy E. Pregnancy latency associated with oral compared to intravenous antibiotics following preterm premature rupture of membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
15
|
Maeland S, Oyeflaten I, Husabo E, Monstad K, Holmaas TH, Werner E. Effect of independent medical examinations on return to work in Norway. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky213.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Maeland
- Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - E Husabo
- Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Monstad
- Uni Rokkan Center, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - TH Holmaas
- Uni Rokkan Center, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Werner
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Werner E, Hornung R, Berlit S, Petzold A, Miethke T, Weiß C, Sütterlin M. Lassen sich pathologische Keime im maternalen Vaginalabstrich postpartal beim Kind nachweisen? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - R Hornung
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - S Berlit
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - A Petzold
- Universitätsmedizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - T Miethke
- Universitätsmedizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - C Weiß
- Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Medizinische Statistik, Biomathematik und Informationsverarbeitung, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - M Sütterlin
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hornung R, Werner E, Berlit S, Petzold A, Miethke T, Weiß C, Sütterlin M. Nutzen und Probleme des Vaginalabstrichs in der Schwangerschaft. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Hornung
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - E Werner
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - S Berlit
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - A Petzold
- Universitätsmedizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - T Miethke
- Universitätsmedizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - C Weiß
- Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Medizinische Statistik, Biomathematik und Informationsverarbeitung, Mannheim, Deutschland
| | - M Sütterlin
- Universitätsmedizin, Frauenklinik, Mannheim, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ödman D, Werner E, Dorfman KD, Doering CR, Mehlig B. Distribution of label spacings for genome mapping in nanochannels. Biomicrofluidics 2018; 12:034115. [PMID: 30018694 PMCID: PMC6019347 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In genome mapping experiments, long DNA molecules are stretched by confining them to very narrow channels, so that the locations of sequence-specific fluorescent labels along the channel axis provide large-scale genomic information. It is difficult, however, to make the channels narrow enough so that the DNA molecule is fully stretched. In practice, its conformations may form hairpins that change the spacings between internal segments of the DNA molecule, and thus the label locations along the channel axis. Here, we describe a theory for the distribution of label spacings that explains the heavy tails observed in distributions of label spacings in genome mapping experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ödman
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - C R Doering
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1042, USA
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu D, Daddacha W, Koyen A, Bastien A, Head P, Dhere V, Nabeta G, Connolly E, Werner E, Madden M, Daly M, Minten E, Whelan D, Zhang H, Anand R, Shepard C, Sundaram R, Deng X, Dynan W, Wang Y, Bindra R, Cejka P, Rothenberg E, Doetsch P, Kim B. OC-0377: Targeting a Novel Function for SAMHD1 in DNA Repair for Radiation Therapy and PARP Inhibition. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
20
|
Piechota-Polanczyk A, Werner E, Kopacz A, Kloska D, Hajduk K, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. 29Inhibition of Nrf2 transcriptional activity favors abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E Werner
- University of Agriculture, Department of Animal Reproduction and Anatomy, Faculty of Animal Science, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Kopacz
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - D Kloska
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Hajduk
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Dulak
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Jozkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Medical Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Werner E, Jain A, Muralidhar A, Frykholm K, St Clere Smithe T, Fritzsche J, Westerlund F, Dorfman KD, Mehlig B. Hairpins in the conformations of a confined polymer. Biomicrofluidics 2018; 12:024105. [PMID: 29576836 PMCID: PMC5844772 DOI: 10.1063/1.5018787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
If a semiflexible polymer confined to a narrow channel bends around by 180°, the polymer is said to exhibit a hairpin. The equilibrium extension statistics of the confined polymer are well understood when hairpins are vanishingly rare or when they are plentiful. Here, we analyze the extension statistics in the intermediate situation via experiments with DNA coated by the protein RecA, which enhances the stiffness of the DNA molecule by approximately one order of magnitude. We find that the extension distribution is highly non-Gaussian, in good agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations of confined discrete wormlike chains. We develop a simple model that qualitatively explains the form of the extension distribution. The model shows that the tail of the distribution at short extensions is determined by conformations with one hairpin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A Jain
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Muralidhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K Frykholm
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T St Clere Smithe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J Fritzsche
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - F Westerlund
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - K D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Scheible KM, Emo J, Laniewski N, Baran AM, Peterson DR, Holden-Wiltse J, Bandyopadhyay S, Straw AG, Huyck H, Ashton JM, Tripi KS, Arul K, Werner E, Scalise T, Maffett D, Caserta M, Ryan RM, Reynolds AM, Ren CL, Topham DJ, Mariani TJ, Pryhuber GS. T cell developmental arrest in former premature infants increases risk of respiratory morbidity later in infancy. JCI Insight 2018; 3:96724. [PMID: 29467329 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse relationship between gestational age at birth and postviral respiratory morbidity suggests that infants born preterm (PT) may miss a critical developmental window of T cell maturation. Despite a continued increase in younger PT survivors with respiratory complications, we have limited understanding of normal human fetal T cell maturation, how ex utero development in premature infants may interrupt normal T cell development, and whether T cell development has an effect on infant outcomes. In our longitudinal cohort of 157 infants born between 23 and 42 weeks of gestation, we identified differences in T cells present at birth that were dependent on gestational age and differences in postnatal T cell development that predicted respiratory outcome at 1 year of age. We show that naive CD4+ T cells shift from a CD31-TNF-α+ bias in mid gestation to a CD31+IL-8+ predominance by term gestation. Former PT infants discharged with CD31+IL8+CD4+ T cells below a range similar to that of full-term born infants were at an over 3.5-fold higher risk for respiratory complications after NICU discharge. This study is the first to our knowledge to identify a pattern of normal functional T cell development in later gestation and to associate abnormal T cell development with health outcomes in infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea M Baran
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, and
| | | | | | | | - Andrew G Straw
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, and
| | | | | | | | - Karan Arul
- Undergraduate Campus, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita M Ryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Anne Marie Reynolds
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Clement L Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Geling M, Werner E, Mörtl M, Mäder U, Reiners C, Farahati J, Körber C. Incidence of the Familial Non-medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in the Patient Register of the Clinic and Policlinic of Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg. Nuklearmedizin 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1632239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Aim: In this study the incidence rate of familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma was investigated in the first and second grade relatives of patients registered at the Clinic and Policlinic for Nuclear Medicine, University of Würzburg. Patients and Methods: In this study 596 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were enclosed, who were treated between 01.01.81 and 31.12.95. The data concerning a familial occurrence were studied by a retrospective survey-based analysis. These data were compared to a literature analysis for familial non-meduilary thyroid carcinoma. Results: 14 patients of the 596 patients treated showed a familial occurrence (2,3%). All these patients suffered from papillary thyroid carcinoma. According to the prognostic factors (tumor state, lymph node involvement, metastastic disease) no differences could be evaluated in the different groups (sporadic versus familial non-medullary thyroid disease). Conclusion: A familial occurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinomas is not frequently observed, but should be considered due to further genetic diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Experiments measuring DNA extension in nanochannels are at odds with even the most basic predictions of current scaling arguments for the conformations of confined semiflexible polymers such as DNA. We show that a theory based on a weakly self-avoiding, one-dimensional "telegraph" process collapses experimental data and simulation results onto a single master curve throughout the experimentally relevant region of parameter space and explains the mechanisms at play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G K Cheong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - D Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - K D Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Singh A, Trumpff C, Genkinger J, Davis A, Spann M, Werner E, Monk C. Micronutrient Dietary Intake in Latina Pregnant Adolescents and Its Association with Level of Depression, Stress, and Social Support. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1212. [PMID: 29113038 PMCID: PMC5707684 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent pregnant women are at greater risk for nutritional deficits, stress, and depression than their adult counterparts, and these risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes are likely interrelated. This study evaluated the prevalence of nutritional deficits in pregnant teenagers and assessed the associations among micronutrient dietary intake, stress, and depression. One hundred and eight pregnant Latina adolescents completed an Automated Self-Administered 24-hour dietary recall (ASA24) in the 2nd trimester. Stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale and the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale. Social support satisfaction was measured using the Social Support Questionnaire. More than 50% of pregnant teenagers had an inadequate intake (excluding dietary supplement) of folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous. Additionally, >20% of participants had an inadequate intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, copper, and selenium. Prenatal supplement inclusion improved dietary intake for most micronutrients except for calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous, (>50% below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)) and for copper and selenium (>20% below the EAR). Higher depressive symptoms were associated with higher energy, carbohydrates, and fats, and lower magnesium intake. Higher social support satisfaction was positively associated with dietary intake of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron, and zinc. The findings suggest that mood and dietary factors are associated and should be considered together for health interventions during adolescent pregnancy for the young woman and her future child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelie Singh
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Medical School for International Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 84105, Israel.
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Caroline Trumpff
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Jeanine Genkinger
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Alida Davis
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Marisa Spann
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Catherine Monk
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Merz EC, McDonough L, Huang YL, Foss S, Werner E, Monk C. The mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm in a lab setting. Dev Psychobiol 2017; 59:668-672. [PMID: 28436585 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mobile conjugate reinforcement task was administered to 4-month-old infants in a lab rather than a home setting where it is usually administered. Learning and retention patterns were comparable to those of infants tested in their homes, suggesting flexibility in where this task can be administered. These results pave the way for this task to be used with a broader range of infants for whom home visits are not practical or convenient (e.g., infants in child care). Developmental research conducted with a more diverse population of infants would facilitate our understanding of cognitive development very early in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Merz
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Laraine McDonough
- Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York.,City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Sophie Foss
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York
| | | | - Catherine Monk
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Werner E, Weißbach A, Timmann D, Brüggemann N, Tadic V, Klein C, Münchau A, Bäumer T. EP 56. Cerebellar learning and its modifiability by alcohol in myoclonus-dystonia. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Smithe TSC, Iarko V, Muralidhar A, Werner E, Dorfman KD, Mehlig B. Finite-size corrections for confined polymers in the extended de Gennes regime. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:062601. [PMID: 26764718 PMCID: PMC4714778 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.062601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical results for the extension of a polymer confined to a channel are usually derived in the limit of infinite contour length. But experimental studies and simulations of DNA molecules confined to nanochannels are not necessarily in this asymptotic limit. We calculate the statistics of the span and the end-to-end distance of a semiflexible polymer of finite length in the extended de Gennes regime, exploiting the fact that the problem can be mapped to a one-dimensional weakly self-avoiding random walk. The results thus obtained compare favorably with pruned-enriched Rosenbluth method (PERM) simulations of a three-dimensional discrete wormlike chain model of DNA confined in a nanochannel. We discuss the implications for experimental studies of linear λ-DNA confined to nanochannels at the high ionic strengths used in many experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T. St Clere Smithe
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - V. Iarko
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A. Muralidhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - E. Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - K. D. Dorfman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota – Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - B. Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Iarko V, Werner E, Nyberg LK, Müller V, Fritzsche J, Ambjörnsson T, Beech JP, Tegenfeldt JO, Mehlig K, Westerlund F, Mehlig B. Extension of nanoconfined DNA: Quantitative comparison between experiment and theory. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 92:062701. [PMID: 26764721 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.062701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The extension of DNA confined to nanochannels has been studied intensively and in detail. However, quantitative comparisons between experiments and model calculations are difficult because most theoretical predictions involve undetermined prefactors, and because the model parameters (contour length, Kuhn length, effective width) are difficult to compute reliably, leading to substantial uncertainties. Here we use a recent asymptotically exact theory for the DNA extension in the "extended de Gennes regime" that allows us to compare experimental results with theory. For this purpose, we performed experiments measuring the mean DNA extension and its standard deviation while varying the channel geometry, dye intercalation ratio, and ionic strength of the buffer. The experimental results agree very well with theory at high ionic strengths, indicating that the model parameters are reliable. At low ionic strengths, the agreement is less good. We discuss possible reasons. In principle, our approach allows us to measure the Kuhn length and the effective width of a single DNA molecule and more generally of semiflexible polymers in solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Iarko
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - L K Nyberg
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - V Müller
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J Fritzsche
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - T Ambjörnsson
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J P Beech
- Department of Physics, Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
| | - J O Tegenfeldt
- Department of Physics, Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, 22 100 Lund, Sweden
| | - K Mehlig
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - F Westerlund
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Savcheva A, Pariat E, McKillop S, McCauley P, Hanson E, Su Y, Werner E, DeLuca EE. THE RELATION BETWEEN SOLAR ERUPTION TOPOLOGIES AND OBSERVED FLARE FEATURES. I. FLARE RIBBONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/810/2/96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
31
|
Werner E, Reiter-Schad M, Ambjörnsson T, Mehlig B. Model for melting of confined DNA. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:060702. [PMID: 26172649 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
When DNA molecules are heated they denature. This occurs locally so that loops of molten single DNA strands form, connected by intact double-stranded DNA pieces. The properties of this "melting" transition have been intensively investigated. Recently there has been a surge of interest in this question, in part caused by experiments determining the properties of partially bound DNA confined to nanochannels. But how does such confinement affect the melting transition? To answer this question we introduce and solve a model predicting how confinement affects the melting transition for a simple model system by first disregarding the effect of self-avoidance. We find that the transition is smoother for narrower channels. By means of Monte Carlo simulations we then show that a model incorporating self-avoidance shows qualitatively the same behavior and that the effect of confinement is stronger than in the ideal case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Reiter-Schad
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Sweden
| | - T Ambjörnsson
- Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, Sweden
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Doyle C, Werner E, Feng T, Lee S, Altemus M, Isler JR, Monk C. Pregnancy distress gets under fetal skin: Maternal ambulatory assessment & sex differences in prenatal development. Dev Psychobiol 2015; 57:607-25. [PMID: 25945698 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal distress is associated with an at-risk developmental profile, yet there is little fetal evidence of this putative in utero process. Moreover, the biological transmission for these maternal effects remains uncertain. In a study of n = 125 pregnant adolescents (ages 14-19), ambulatory assessments of daily negative mood (anger, frustration, irritation, stress), physical activity, blood pressure, heart rate (every 30 min over 24 hr), and salivary cortisol (six samples) were collected at 13-16, 24-27, 34-37 gestational weeks. Corticotropin-releasing hormone, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 from blood draws and 20 min assessments of fetal heart rate (FHR) and movement were acquired at the latter two sessions. On average, fetuses showed development in the expected direction (decrease in FHR, increase in SD of FHR and in the correlation of movement and FHR ("coupling")). Maternal distress characteristics were associated with variations in the level and trajectory of fetal measures, and results often differed by sex. For males, greater maternal 1st and 2nd session negative mood and 2nd session physical activity were associated with lower overall FHR (p < .01), while 1st session cortisol was associated with a smaller increase in coupling (p < .01), and overall higher levels (p = .05)-findings suggesting accelerated development. For females, negative mood, cortisol, and diastolic blood pressure were associated with indications of relatively less advanced and accelerated outcomes. There were no associations between negative mood and biological variables. These data indicate that maternal psychobiological status influences fetal development, with females possibly more variously responsive to different exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Tianshu Feng
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Margaret Altemus
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Joseph R Isler
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. .,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Werner E, Mehlig B. Scaling regimes of a semiflexible polymer in a rectangular channel. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2015; 91:050601. [PMID: 26066107 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.050601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We derive scaling relations for the extension statistics and the confinement free energy for a semiflexible polymer confined to a channel with a rectangular cross section. Our motivation is recent numerical results [Gupta et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 214901 (2014)] indicating that extensional fluctuations are quite different in rectangular channels compared to square channels. Our results are of direct relevance for interpreting current experiments on DNA molecules confined to nanochannels, as many experiments are performed for rectangular channels with large aspect ratios, while theoretical and simulation results are usually obtained for square channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fergon A, Guerreiro J, Castelnau P, Naydenova D, Hebert C, Desbordes A, Werner E. P-456 – Thrombophlébite cérébrale et asphyxie périnatale. Arch Pediatr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(15)30633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
35
|
Kurz P, Tsobanelis T, Ewald U, Roth P, Werner E, Vlachojannis J. Calcium metabolism in patients on CAPD and hemodialysis. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 89:175-85. [PMID: 1893724 DOI: 10.1159/000419764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Kurz
- St. Markus-Krankenhaus, II. Medizinische Klinik, Frankfurt/Main, FRG
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Werner E, Miller M, Osborne LM, Kuzava S, Monk C. Preventing postpartum depression: review and recommendations. Arch Womens Ment Health 2015; 18:41-60. [PMID: 25422150 PMCID: PMC4308451 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-014-0475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 20 % of mothers will experience an episode of major or minor depression within the first 3 months postpartum, making it the most common complication of childbearing. Postpartum depression (PPD) is significantly undertreated, and because prospective mothers are especially motivated for self-care, a focus on the prevention of PPD holds promise of clinical efficacy. This study is a qualitative review of existing approaches to prevent PPD. A PubMed search identified studies of methods of PPD prevention. The search was limited to peer-reviewed, published, English-language, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of biological, psychological, and psychosocial interventions. Eighty articles were initially identified, and 45 were found to meet inclusion criteria. Eight RCTs of biological interventions were identified and 37 RCTs of psychological or psychosocial interventions. Results were mixed, with 20 studies showing clear positive effects of an intervention and 25 showing no effect. Studies differed widely in screening, population, measurement, and intervention. Among biological studies, anti-depressants and nutrients provided the most evidence of successful intervention. Among psychological and psychosocial studies, 13/17 successful trials targeted an at-risk population, and 4/7 trials using interpersonal therapy demonstrated success of the intervention versus control, with a further two small studies showing trends toward statistical significance. Existing approaches to the prevention of PPD vary widely, and given the current literature, it is not possible to identify one approach that is superior to others. Interpersonal therapy trials and trials that targeted an at-risk population appear to hold the most promise for further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Werner
- Behavioral Medicine Division, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, PH1540H, New York, NY, 10032, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sridharan DM, Asaithamby A, Bailey SM, Costes SV, Doetsch PW, Dynan WS, Kronenberg A, Rithidech KN, Saha J, Snijders AM, Werner E, Wiese C, Cucinotta FA, Pluth JM. Understanding cancer development processes after HZE-particle exposure: roles of ROS, DNA damage repair and inflammation. Radiat Res 2015; 183:1-26. [PMID: 25564719 DOI: 10.1667/rr13804.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During space travel astronauts are exposed to a variety of radiations, including galactic cosmic rays composed of high-energy protons and high-energy charged (HZE) nuclei, and solar particle events containing low- to medium-energy protons. Risks from these exposures include carcinogenesis, central nervous system damage and degenerative tissue effects. Currently, career radiation limits are based on estimates of fatal cancer risks calculated using a model that incorporates human epidemiological data from exposed populations, estimates of relative biological effectiveness and dose-response data from relevant mammalian experimental models. A major goal of space radiation risk assessment is to link mechanistic data from biological studies at NASA Space Radiation Laboratory and other particle accelerators with risk models. Early phenotypes of HZE exposure, such as the induction of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage signaling and inflammation, are sensitive to HZE damage complexity. This review summarizes our current understanding of critical areas within the DNA damage and oxidative stress arena and provides insight into their mechanistic interdependence and their usefulness in accurately modeling cancer and other risks in astronauts exposed to space radiation. Our ultimate goals are to examine potential links and crosstalk between early response modules activated by charged particle exposure, to identify critical areas that require further research and to use these data to reduced uncertainties in modeling cancer risk for astronauts. A clearer understanding of the links between early mechanistic aspects of high-LET response and later surrogate cancer end points could reveal key nodes that can be therapeutically targeted to mitigate the health effects from charged particle exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Sridharan
- a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
We show that the problem of describing the conformations of a semiflexible polymer confined to a channel can be mapped onto an exactly solvable model in the so-called extended de Gennes regime. This regime (where the polymer is neither weakly nor strongly confined) has recently been intensively studied experimentally and by means of computer simulations. The exact solution predicts precisely how the conformational fluctuations depend upon the channel width and upon the microscopic parameters characterizing the physical properties of the polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hertl C, Koll L, Schmitz T, Werner E, Gbureck U. Structural characterisation of oxygen diffusion hardened alpha-tantalum PVD-coatings on titanium. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2014; 41:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
40
|
Duplan M, Chantreuil J, Favrais G, Roullet-Renolleau N, Ndizeye J, Werner E, Saliba E. SFP PC-53 - Enfants hospitalisés pour bronchiolite sévère : facteurs prédictifs d’échec de VNI. Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)72203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
41
|
Løchting I, Grotle M, Storheim K, Werner E, Garratt A. Individualized quality of life in patients with low back pain: Reliability and validity of the Patient Generated Index. J Rehabil Med 2014; 46:781-7. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
42
|
Spicer J, Werner E, Zhao Y, Choi CW, Lopez-Pintado S, Feng T, Altemus M, Gyamfi C, Monk C. Ambulatory assessments of psychological and peripheral stress-markers predict birth outcomes in teen pregnancy. J Psychosom Res 2013; 75:305-13. [PMID: 24119935 PMCID: PMC3825556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnant adolescents have high rates of poor birth outcomes, but the causes are unclear. We present a prospective, longitudinal study of pregnant adolescents assessing associations between maternal psychobiological stress indices and offspring gestational age at birth and birthweight. METHOD Healthy nulliparous pregnant adolescents were recruited (n=205) and followed during pregnancy. Ambulatory assessments over 24h of perceived psychological stress (collected every 30 min) and salivary cortisol (6 samples) and a summary questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, were collected at three time points (13-16, 24-27, and 34-37 gestational weeks). Corticotropin-releasing hormone, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 were assayed from blood taken at the latter 2 sessions. A final sample of 119 participants was selected for analyses. RESULTS The ambulatory assessment of perceived psychological stress was positively correlated with the Perceived Stress Scale (r=.20, p=.03) but neither was associated with any of the biological assays (all ps>.20). Based on backward selection regression models that included all stress variables and relevant covariates, the ambulatory assessments of perceived psychological stress and cortisol - though not the Perceived Stress Scale - were negatively associated with gestational age at birth (F(4, 107)=3.38, p=.01) while cortisol was negatively related to birthweight (F(5, 107)=14.83, p<.0001). CONCLUSIONS Targeted interventions to reduce psychological and biological indicators of heightened stress during pregnancy may have positive public health benefits for the offspring given the associations of shortened gestation and lower birthweight with risk for poor mental and physical health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Spicer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | - Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Sara Lopez-Pintado
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Margaret Altemus
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, USA
| | - Cynthia Gyamfi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, USA,Corresponding author at: Departments of Psychiatry and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University, 1150 St. Nicholas Ave., Suite 1-121, New York, NY 10032, USA. Tel.: +1 212 851 5576; fax: +1 212 851 5580. (C. Monk)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- E. Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - F. Westerlund
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - J. O. Tegenfeldt
- Department of Physics, Division
of Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - B. Mehlig
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Werner E, Persson F, Westerlund F, Tegenfeldt JO, Mehlig B. Orientational correlations in confined DNA. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:041802. [PMID: 23214605 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.041802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We study how the orientational correlations of DNA confined to nanochannels depend on the channel diameter D by means of Monte Carlo simulations and a mean-field theory. This theory describes DNA conformations in the experimentally relevant regime where the Flory-de Gennes theory does not apply. We show how local correlations determine the dependence of the end-to-end distance of the DNA molecule upon D. Tapered nanochannels provide the necessary resolution in D to study experimentally how the extension of confined DNA molecules depends upon D. Our experimental and theoretical results are in qualitative agreement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Werner E, Zhao Y, Evans L, Kinsella M, Kurzius L, Altincatal A, McDonough L, Monk C. Higher maternal prenatal cortisol and younger age predict greater infant reactivity to novelty at 4 months: an observation-based study. Dev Psychobiol 2012; 55:707-18. [PMID: 22778036 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Distress-linked activation of the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis is considered a pathway by which affect regulation impacts the fetal milieu and neurodevelopment. There is little direct evidence for this conceptual model. In 103 women [mean age 27.45 (±5.65) years] at 36-38 weeks gestation, salivary cortisol was measured before/after stress tasks; distress questionnaires were completed. At 18.49 (±1.83) weeks, infants underwent the Harvard Infant Behavioral Reactivity Protocol assessing cry/motor responses to novelty; women reported on infant behavior and postnatal distress. Prenatal cortisol and distress were not significantly correlated (all ps > .10). Proportional odds logistic regressions showed that neither prenatal nor postnatal distress was associated with infant responses to the Harvard Protocol yet pre-stress cortisol and maternal age were: The odds of being classified as High Reactive were 1.60 times higher [95% CI: 1.04, 2.46] for each unit of added cortisol and .90 times lower [95% CI: .82, .99] for every additional year in maternal age. No associations were found between cortisol or prenatal distress and mother-rated infant behavior; postnatal distress was positively associated with mother-rated infant negative behavior (p = .03). Observer and mother-rated infant behavior were not associated (all ps > .05). Based on independent observations of infants in contrast to maternal perceptions, these results lend support to the hypothesis that pregnant women's HPA-axis activity influences infant behavior. The impact of maternal distress was not supported, except in so far as postnatal distress may increase the likelihood of making negative judgments about infant behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Werner
- Department of Psychiatry/Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY 10032
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Balks E, Wolf C, Loessner H, Werner E. Towards in vitro potency testing of inactivated erysipelas vaccines. Dev Biol (Basel) 2012; 134:37-44. [PMID: 22888593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ph. Eur. Monograph 0064 "Swine erysipelas vaccine (inactivated)" currently advises mouse serology for batch potency testing. However, technological advances in vaccine production, improved quality control systems and comprehensive post marketing surveillance increasingly promote the acceptance of non-animal approaches for batch release testing. Protein and immune profiles of inactivated swine erysipelas vaccines obtained by SDS-PAGE and Western Blot might offer a convenient global and functional in vitro alternative. Characteristic and consistent protein and immune profiles could be obtained for aluminium-adjuvanted vaccines. Immunoreactivity of polyclonal sera raised in mice differs markedly from reactivity of swine sera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Balks
- Department Veterinary Medicines, Section Bacterial Vaccines and Immune Sera, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Degeorge ML, Marlowe D, Werner E, Soderstrom KE, Stock M, Mueller A, Bohn MC, Kozlowski DA. Combining glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene delivery (AdGDNF) with L-arginine decreases contusion size but not behavioral deficits after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2011; 1403:45-56. [PMID: 21672665 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that viral administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (AdGDNF), one week prior to a controlled cortical impact (CCI) over the forelimb sensorimotor cortex of the rat (FL-SMC) is neuroprotective, but does not significantly enhance recovery of sensorimotor function. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that although protected, neurons may not have been functional due to enduring metabolic deficiencies. Additionally, metabolic events following TBI may interfere with expression of therapeutic proteins administered to the injured brain via gene therapy. The current study focused on enhancing the metabolic function of the brain by increasing cerebral blood flow (CBF) with l-arginine in conjunction with administration of AdGDNF immediately following CCI. An adenoviral vector harboring human GDNF was injected unilaterally into FL-SMC of the rat immediately following a unilateral CCI over the FL-SMC. Within 30min of the CCI and AdGDNF injections, some animals were injected with l-arginine (i.v.). Tests of forelimb function and asymmetry were administered for 4weeks post-injury. Animals were sacrificed and contusion size and GDNF protein expression measured. This study demonstrated that rats treated with AdGDNF and l-arginine post-CCI had a significantly smaller contusion than injured rats who did not receive any treatment, or injured rats treated with either AdGDNF or l-arginine alone. Nevertheless, no amelioration of behavioral deficits was seen. These findings suggest that AdGDNF alone following a CCI was not therapeutic and although combining it with l-arginine decreased contusion size, it did not enhance behavioral recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Degeorge
- DePaul University, Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Nearly half the US population will meet criteria for a neuropsychiatric disorder at some point in their lives, and 1 in 17 has a seriously debilitating illness. Although not all affected adults had an identified disorder as a child, increasingly these psychopathologies are conceptualized as the late-stage culmination of aberrant developmental processes shaped by a complex interplay of genes and experience, including experiences in utero. Decades of studies with pregnant animals demonstrate that stress-elicited perturbations in maternal biology affect offspring neurodevelopment. Studies of stress in pregnant women largely mirror these findings. Pregnant women with anxiety and/or depression experience greater life stress, and illness-related alterations in their neurobiology, with a potential to impact fetal neurobehavioral development via associated changes in the intrauterine environment and/or pharmacologic interventions. This article critically reviews findings on child development (including fetal neurobehavior) related to maternal depression, anxiety, and pharmacological treatments, primarily selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The hypothesis under review is that, in addition to genetics and characteristics of the postnatal environment, the familial transmission of risk for neuropsychiatric disorders involves a "third path"-prenatal exposure to psychiatric illness and its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Werner E, Boursier-Neyret C, Walther B. β-Glucuronidase from Helix pomatia origin is not suitable for diosmetin analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:1070-1; author reply 1071-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
50
|
|