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Yamoah O, Balser S, Ogland-Hand C, Doernberg E, Lewis-Miller C, Freedman DA. "A win-win for all of us": COVID-19 sheds light on the essentialness of child care as key infrastructure. Early Child Res Q 2022; 63:113-120. [PMID: 36505942 PMCID: PMC9721280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Child care centers in the United States allow many parents and caregivers to work in and outside of the home and support the growth and development of children. Child care closures and COVID-19 mitigation measures at the onset of the pandemic heightened the need for and awareness of the role of child care as core infrastructure. The purpose of our study was to examine the perceived role and benefits of child care based on the lived experiences of parents/caregivers and staff navigating child care during the pandemic. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with parents/caregivers (n = 20) of children who attended child care and staff (n = 12) who were working at child care programs in Ohio from September to November 2020. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed through the lens of four frameworks (i.e., capabilities, developmental, economics, and mutualism) related to child well-being. Our results highlight the perceived value of child care (a) for fostering capabilities and developmental growth in children; (b) for providing economic benefits for children, parents, and staff of child care programs; and (c) as an essential infrastructure that mutually benefits children, parents, families, staff, and the community. Findings support existing evidence regarding the broader impacts of child care and further investigation into the role of child care. We highlight the potential need for further investments in policies, resources, and supports for child care that reflects its essentialness and generative role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owusua Yamoah
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah Balser
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Callie Ogland-Hand
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Carlos Lewis-Miller
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Darcy A Freedman
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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2
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Racine E, Taylor BP, Ferretti CJ, Doernberg E, Noone R, Nezgovorova V, Vats T, Hollander E. Challenges in assessing change in autistic adults: scale limitations and discrepancies in reporting in clinical trials. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 26:3-7. [PMID: 33779470 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1900871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder marked by deficits in social communication and social interaction, together with restricted and/or repetitive patterns of behaviours, activities or interests. As more adults are being diagnosed with ASD, and more diagnosed children are aging into adulthood, the need for effective treatments and support services for autistic adults is quickly growing. As such, clinical research targeting autistic adults has emerged in recent years. Currently, caregiver ratings are commonly used as outcome measures in child treatment studies, but these scales present challenges when utilised to assess the autistic adult population. In this commentary, we seek to unveil the difficulties and obstacles in assessing change in clinical treatment trials for autistic adults. Specifically, this article uses case examples to explore the limitations of rating scales. Steps for improving the accuracy of ratings, and for developing novel self-rating scales for autistic adults are discussed. It is hoped that in exploring these difficulties in more depth, clinical research with adult ASD populations will continue to improve and that reliable, valid and sensitive outcome measures will be developed to ensure the highest quality treatments emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Racine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bonnie P Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Casara J Ferretti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rachel Noone
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vera Nezgovorova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Tarini Vats
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eric Hollander
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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Burkhart K, Minnes S, Yamoah O, Doernberg E, Balser S, Ciesielski T, Dimitropoulos A, Nock NL, Freedman DA. The effects of COVID-19-related stress among parents and children in Ohio child care programs: a mixed-methods study. Children's Health Care 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.1997602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Burkhart
- Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sonia Minnes
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Schubert Center for Child Studies, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Owusua Yamoah
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Balser
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy Ciesielski
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anastasia Dimitropoulos
- Schubert Center for Child Studies, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nora L. Nock
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Darcy A. Freedman
- Mary Ann Swetland Center for Environmental Health, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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4
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Hollander E, Levine KG, Ferretti CJ, Freeman K, Doernberg E, Desilva N, Taylor BP. Intranasal oxytocin versus placebo for hyperphagia and repetitive behaviors in children with Prader-Willi Syndrome: A randomized controlled pilot trial. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:643-651. [PMID: 33190843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of intranasal oxytocin and placebo on hyperphagia and repetitive behaviors were compared in children and adolescents with Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS). METHODS Children and adolescents with PWS were enrolled in an 8-week double-blind placebo-controlled intranasal oxytocin randomized trial. Twenty-three (23) subjects were assigned to oxytocin (N = 11) or placebo (N = 12). Hyperphagia was measured with the Hyperphagia Questionnaire (HQ), and repetitive behavior was measured with Repetitive Behavior Scale- Revised (RBS-R). RESULTS There were modest significant treatment by-time interactions indicating reduction in hyperphagia and repetitive behaviors across time for placebo but no reduction for oxytocin. Total HQ score showed a greater average reduction of 1.81 points/week for the placebo group vs. oxytocin, with maximum reduction at week 4. There were also greater reductions on HQ-Drive and HQ-Behavior subscales on placebo vs. oxytocin. RBS-R subscales followed similar patterns to the HQ, with a significantly greater reduction in sameness subscale behaviors (average 0.825 points/week) in the placebo group compared to the oxytocin group. Oxytocin was well tolerated, and the only adverse event that was both more common and possibly related to oxytocin vs. placebo was nocturia (n = 1 vs 0). CONCLUSION Placebo was associated with modest improvement in hyperphagia and repetitive behaviors in childhood PWS whereas intranasal oxytocin was not associated with improvement in these domains. More work is needed to understand the meaning and mechanism of these findings on hyperphagia and repetitive behaviors in PWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hollander
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA.
| | - Kayla G Levine
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Casara J Ferretti
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Katherine Freeman
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA; Biostatistics and Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, and Extrapolate, Florida, USA
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Psychology, Case Western University, Ohio, USA
| | - Nilifa Desilva
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Bonnie P Taylor
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders Program, Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, USA
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Dimitropoulos A, Zyga O, Doernberg E, Russ SW. Show me what happens next: Preliminary efficacy of a remote play-based intervention for children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Res Dev Disabil 2021; 108:103820. [PMID: 33307337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is characterized by decreased social and emotional functioning. Due to the low base-rate of children with PWS, developing behavioral interventions for individuals with PWS is faced with the challenge of enrolling enough local participants for adequate study of behavioral intervention efficacy. However, these types of studies are greatly needed in PWS and telehealth methodology may be useful in addressing this challenge. This article is a follow-up to a previous feasibility study (Dimitropoulos et al., 2017) and reports on the preliminary efficacy of a telehealth intervention delivered to 15 children, ages 6-12, with PWS. Overall, children demonstrated significantly improved cognitive and affective processes in pretend play and general cognitive flexibility following the 6-week remote intervention. These findings are limited by the lack of control group and small sample size which should be considered when interpreting results. Overall, these preliminary findings point to the potential role pretend play can serve as a means of enacting cognitive and behavioral change via telehealth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olena Zyga
- Case Westerm Reserve University, Department of Psychological Sciences, United States
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Case Westerm Reserve University, Department of Psychological Sciences, United States.
| | - Sandra W Russ
- Case Westerm Reserve University, Department of Psychological Sciences, United States
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6
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Key AP, Zengin-Bolatkale H, Dimitropoulos A, Doernberg E. Eye tracking as an objective measure of hyperphagia in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 182:1655-1663. [PMID: 32343043 PMCID: PMC7408294 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study examined sensitivity of eye tracking measures to hyperphagia severity in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Gaze data were collected in 57 children with PWS, age 3-11 years, and 47 typically developing peers at two study sites during free visual exploration of complex stimulus arrays that included images of food, animals, and household objects. Analysis of the number and duration of fixations as well as gaze perseverations revealed that food items are not exceptionally salient for children with PWS. Instead, increased attention to food in the context of other high-interest items (e.g., animals) was associated with caregiver reports of more severe hyperphagia and more advanced nutritional phase. The study also provided preliminary evidence of possible genetic subtype and sex differences as well as demonstrated that multiple investigators in a wide range of settings can effectively implement the eye tracking protocol. The results indicate that gaze characteristics derived from eye tracking may be a promising objective marker of hyperphagia in PWS for use in research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hatun Zengin-Bolatkale
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Hollander E, Uzunova G, Taylor BP, Noone R, Racine E, Doernberg E, Freeman K, Ferretti CJ. Randomized crossover feasibility trial of helminthic Trichuris suis ova versus placebo for repetitive behaviors in adult autism spectrum disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:291-299. [PMID: 30230399 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1523561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Inflammatory mechanisms are implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and use of the immunomodulator Trichuris suis Ova (TSO) is a novel treatment approach. This pilot study determined the effect sizes for TSO versus placebo on repetitive behaviours, irritability and global functioning in adults with ASD.Methods: A 28-week double-blind, randomised two-period crossover study of TSO versus placebo in ten ASD adults, aged 17-35, was completed, with a 4-week washout between each 12-week period at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Subjects with ASD, history of seasonal, medication or food allergies, Y-BOCS ≥6 and IQ ≥70 received 2,500 TSO ova or matching placebo every 2 weeks of each 12-week period.Results: Large effect sizes for improvement in repetitive behaviours (d = 1.0), restricted interests (d = 0.82), rigidity (d = 0.79) and irritability (d = 0.78) were observed after 12 weeks of treatment. No changes were observed in the social-communication domain. Differences between treatment groups did not reach statistical significance. TSO had only minimal, non-serious side effects.Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the feasibility of TSO for the treatment of ASD, including a favourable safety profile, and moderate to large effect sizes for reducing repetitive behaviours and irritability.Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01040221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hollander
- Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, and Anxiety and Depression Research Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Genoveva Uzunova
- Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, and Anxiety and Depression Research Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bonnie P Taylor
- Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, and Anxiety and Depression Research Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Noone
- Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, and Anxiety and Depression Research Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Emma Racine
- Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, and Anxiety and Depression Research Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, and Anxiety and Depression Research Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Katherine Freeman
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Casara Jean Ferretti
- Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, and Anxiety and Depression Research Program Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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8
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Palkar P, Kabasakalian A, Taylor B, Doernberg E, Ferretti CJ, Uzunova G, Hollander E. Behavioral phenotype in a child with Prader-Willi syndrome and comorbid 47, XYY. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2016; 5:235-7. [PMID: 27672550 PMCID: PMC4995422 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2016.01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 12-year-old male with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and 47, XYY syndrome. Genetic work up revealed 47, XYY karyotype. PWS diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction methylation and maternal uniparental disomy (mUPD) was determined to be the etiology. Review of distinct behavioral features, possible interplay between the two syndromes and considerations for diagnoses are presented. To our knowledge, this is the first report of behavioral features in PWS with comorbid 47, XYY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Palkar
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anahid Kabasakalian
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bonnie Taylor
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Casara Jean Ferretti
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Genoveva Uzunova
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eric Hollander
- Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Eric Hollander, Autism and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Program, Department of Psychiatry, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY-10467, USA. E-mail:
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Deoni SCL, O'Muircheartaigh J, Elison JT, Walker L, Doernberg E, Waskiewicz N, Dirks H, Piryatinsky I, Dean DC, Jumbe NL. White matter maturation profiles through early childhood predict general cognitive ability. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:1189-203. [PMID: 25432771 PMCID: PMC4771819 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infancy and early childhood are periods of rapid brain development, during which brain structure and function mature alongside evolving cognitive ability. An important neurodevelopmental process during this postnatal period is the maturation of the myelinated white matter, which facilitates rapid communication across neural systems and networks. Though prior brain imaging studies in children (4 years of age and above), adolescents, and adults have consistently linked white matter development with cognitive maturation and intelligence, few studies have examined how these processes are related throughout early development (birth to 4 years of age). Here, we show that the profile of white matter myelination across the first 5 years of life is strongly and specifically related to cognitive ability. Using a longitudinal design, coupled with advanced magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrate that children with above-average ability show differential trajectories of myelin development compared to average and below average ability children, even when controlling for socioeconomic status, gestation, and birth weight. Specifically, higher ability children exhibit slower but more prolonged early development, resulting in overall increased myelin measures by ~3 years of age. These results provide new insight into the early neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive ability, and suggest an early period of prolonged maturation with associated protracted white matter plasticity may result in strengthened neural networks that can better support later development. Further, these results reinforce the necessity of a longitudinal perspective in investigating typical or suspected atypical cognitive maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C L Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | | | - Jed T Elison
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Lindsay Walker
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ellen Doernberg
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Nicole Waskiewicz
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Holly Dirks
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Irene Piryatinsky
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Doug C Dean
- Advanced Baby Imaging Lab, Brown University School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - N L Jumbe
- The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA
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Miele A, Pan J, Walker L, Doernberg E, Waskiewicz N, Dean D, Dirks H, Harrison-Goldman T, D'Sa V, Deoni S. B-75 * Neural Correlates of Emerging Executive Functioning in 2-5 Year Olds. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Miele A, Pan J, Walker L, Waskiewicz N, Doernberg E, Dean D, Dirks H, Harrison-Goldman T, D'Sa V, Deoni S. B-74 * The Relationship of Myelin Content and Measures of Executive Functioning in Typically Developing Children. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu038.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Dean DC, O'Muircheartaigh J, Dirks H, Waskiewicz N, Walker L, Doernberg E, Piryatinsky I, Deoni SCL. Characterizing longitudinal white matter development during early childhood. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:1921-33. [PMID: 24710623 PMCID: PMC4481335 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem studies have shown the maturation of the brain’s myelinated
white matter, crucial for efficient and coordinated brain communication, follows a nonlinear spatio-temporal pattern that corresponds with the onset and refinement of cognitive functions and behaviors. Unfortunately, investigation of myelination in vivo is challenging and, thus, little is known about the normative pattern of myelination, or its association with functional development. Using a novel quantitative magnetic resonance imaging technique sensitive to myelin we examined longitudinal white matter development in 108 typically developing children ranging in age from 2.5 months to 5.5 years. Using nonlinear mixed effects modeling, we provide the first in vivo longitudinal description of myelin water fraction development. Moreover, we show distinct male and female developmental patterns, and demonstrate significant relationships between myelin content and measures of cognitive function. These findings advance a new understanding of healthy brain development and provide a foundation from which to assess atypical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Dean
- Advanced Baby Imaging Laboratory, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA,
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13
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Siquieri R, Doernberg E, Emmerich H, Schmid-Fetzer R. Phase-field simulation of peritectic solidification closely coupled with directional solidification experiments in an Al-36 wt% Ni alloy. J Phys Condens Matter 2009; 21:464112. [PMID: 21715876 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/46/464112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work we present experimental and theoretical investigations of the directional solidification of Al-36 wt% Ni alloy. A phase-field approach (Folch and Plapp 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 011602) is coupled with the CALPHAD (calculation of phase diagrams) method to be able to simulate directional solidification of Al-Ni alloy including the peritectic phase Al(3)Ni. The model approach is calibrated by systematic comparison to microstructures grown under controlled conditions in directional solidification experiments. To illustrate the efficiency of the model it is employed to investigate the effect of temperature gradient on the microstructure evolution of Al-36 wt% Ni during solidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Siquieri
- Center for Computational Engineering Science and Institute of Minerals Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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