1
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Rosenberg E, Andersen TI, Samajdar R, Petukhov A, Hoke JC, Abanin D, Bengtsson A, Drozdov IK, Erickson C, Klimov PV, Mi X, Morvan A, Neeley M, Neill C, Acharya R, Allen R, Anderson K, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bilmes A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Campero J, Chang HS, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Debroy DM, Barba ADT, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Dunsworth A, Earle C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Garcia G, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Dau AG, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hill G, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Mandrà S, Martin O, Martin S, McClean JR, McEwen M, Meeks S, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rhodes DM, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Sivak V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma RD, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Thor D, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Khemani V, Gopalakrishnan S, Prosen T, Roushan P. Dynamics of magnetization at infinite temperature in a Heisenberg spin chain. Science 2024; 384:48-53. [PMID: 38574139 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Understanding universal aspects of quantum dynamics is an unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. In particular, the spin dynamics of the one-dimensional Heisenberg model were conjectured as to belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class based on the scaling of the infinite-temperature spin-spin correlation function. In a chain of 46 superconducting qubits, we studied the probability distribution of the magnetization transferred across the chain's center, [Formula: see text]. The first two moments of [Formula: see text] show superdiffusive behavior, a hallmark of KPZ universality. However, the third and fourth moments ruled out the KPZ conjecture and allow for evaluating other theories. Our results highlight the importance of studying higher moments in determining dynamic universality classes and provide insights into universal behavior in quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - R Samajdar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - J C Hoke
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - I K Drozdov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | | | - X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Allen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - A Bilmes
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Campero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H-S Chang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Earle
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Garcia
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Hill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- QSI, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Mandrà
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Meeks
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Omonije
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Sivak
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R D Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Thor
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - V Khemani
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - T Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
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2
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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3
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Hoke JC, Ippoliti M, Rosenberg E, Abanin D, Acharya R, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Eppens D, Erickson C, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klimov PV, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Miao KC, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O’Brien TE, Omonije S, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Smelyanskiy V, Mi X, Khemani V, Roushan P. Measurement-induced entanglement and teleportation on a noisy quantum processor. Nature 2023; 622:481-486. [PMID: 37853150 PMCID: PMC10584681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Measurement has a special role in quantum theory1: by collapsing the wavefunction, it can enable phenomena such as teleportation2 and thereby alter the 'arrow of time' that constrains unitary evolution. When integrated in many-body dynamics, measurements can lead to emergent patterns of quantum information in space-time3-10 that go beyond the established paradigms for characterizing phases, either in or out of equilibrium11-13. For present-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors14, the experimental realization of such physics can be problematic because of hardware limitations and the stochastic nature of quantum measurement. Here we address these experimental challenges and study measurement-induced quantum information phases on up to 70 superconducting qubits. By leveraging the interchangeability of space and time, we use a duality mapping9,15-17 to avoid mid-circuit measurement and access different manifestations of the underlying phases, from entanglement scaling3,4 to measurement-induced teleportation18. We obtain finite-sized signatures of a phase transition with a decoding protocol that correlates the experimental measurement with classical simulation data. The phases display remarkably different sensitivity to noise, and we use this disparity to turn an inherent hardware limitation into a useful diagnostic. Our work demonstrates an approach to realizing measurement-induced physics at scales that are at the limits of current NISQ processors.
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Brown J, Wakim PG, Faraco C, Saugar-Lanchas C, Lungu C, Mendoza-Puccini C, Rosenberg E, Wright C. Time to Publication of Clinical Trials Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:861-864. [PMID: 34713927 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Brown
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, MD
| | - Paul G Wakim
- National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service Bethesda, Bethesda, MD
| | - Carlos Faraco
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, MD
| | - Cristina Saugar-Lanchas
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, MD
| | - Codrin Lungu
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, MD
| | - Carolina Mendoza-Puccini
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, MD
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, MD
| | - Clinton Wright
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Rockville, MD
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Nachman D, Eisenkraft A, Maor Y, Constantini K, Goldstein G, Levy R, Halberthal M, Horowitz NA, Golan R, Rosenberg E, Lavon E, Cohen O, Shapira G, Shomron N, Gepner Y. Continuous monitoring of advanced hemodynamic parameters shows early cardiovascular changes in a cohort of 492 COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 exerts deleterious cardiopulmonary effects, leading to worse prognosis in the most effected.
Purpose
The aim of this retrospective multi-center observational cohort study was to analyze the trajectories of key advanced hemodynamic parameters amongst hospitalized COVID-19 patients according to different risk populations using a chest-patch wearable providing continuous remote patient monitoring.
Methods
The study was conducted in five COVID-19 isolation units. Patients admitted to the units were connected to a photoplethysmography based noninvasive remote advanced hemodynamic monitor after completing a basic risk factor survey. Physiological parameters were measured every 15 minutes during the hospitalization, including cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), heart rate, blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), and body temperature.
Results
492 COVID-19 patients (179 females, average age 58.7 years) were included in the final analysis, with more than 3 million measurements collected during an average of 75.3 hours. Overall, within the first five days of hospitalizations we found a significant increase in SVR, and a significant decrease in SpO2, DBP, CO and CI (p<0.01 for all). The changes were more prominent in high risk populations- males, older age and obesity and had a temporal correspondence to changes in respiratory parameters.
Conclusions
This is the first comprehensive continuous advanced hemodynamic profiling of COVID-19 patients. Worse hemodynamic status was prominent in high risk populations.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nachman
- Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Eisenkraft
- The Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, and the Israel Defense Force Medical, Institute for Research in Military Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Maor
- The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - K Constantini
- Tel Aviv University, Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sylvan Adams Sports center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - G Goldstein
- Tel Aviv University, Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sylvan Adams Sports center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - R Levy
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | - R Golan
- Baruch Padeh Medical Center, The Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Tiberias, Israel
| | - E Rosenberg
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - E Lavon
- Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - O Cohen
- The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - G Shapira
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - N Shomron
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Gepner
- Tel Aviv University, Department of Epidemiology, Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sylvan Adams Sports center, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Lambert S, Schaffler JL, Ould Brahim L, Belzile E, Laizner AM, Folch N, Rosenberg E, Maheu C, Ciofani L, Dubois S, Gélinas-Phaneuf E, Drouin S, Leung K, Tremblay S, Clayberg K, Ciampi A. The effect of culturally-adapted health education interventions among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients with a chronic illness: A meta-analysis and descriptive systematic review. Patient Educ Couns 2021; 104:1608-1635. [PMID: 33573916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the effectiveness of health education interventions adapted for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations with a chronic illness. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Eligible studies were identified across six databases. Data were extracted and intervention effect was summarized using standardized mean difference. If there were insufficient data for meta-analysis, a descriptive summary was included. Modifying effects of intervention format, length, intensity, provider, self-management skills taught, and behavioral change techniques (BCTs) utilized were examined. RESULTS 58 studies were reviewed and data were extracted for 36 outcomes. Most interventions used multiple modes of delivery and were facilitated by bilingual health care professionals (HCPs). On average, interventions included 5.19 self-management skills and 4.82 BCTs. Interventions were effective in reducing BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, HbA1C, and depression, and in increasing knowledge. Effectiveness was influenced partly by provider, with HCPs favored over lay providers or paraprofessionals in increasing knowledge; however, the opposite was noted for HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Health education interventions are effective among CALD populations, particularly at improving objective, distal outcomes (e.g., anthropometric measures). These interventions may be equally effective in improving proximal patient-reported outcomes (PROs); however, diversity in PROs limited analyses. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Core outcome sets (COS) are needed to further investigate and compare health education intervention effectiveness on PROs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lambert
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; St. Mary's Research Centre, Montréal, Canada.
| | | | - Lydia Ould Brahim
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; St. Mary's Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Nathalie Folch
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Christine Maheu
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Luisa Ciofani
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvie Dubois
- Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Susan Drouin
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Katerina Leung
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sarah Tremblay
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Antonio Ciampi
- Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; St. Mary's Research Centre, Montréal, Canada
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Beider K, Besser MJ, Jacoby E, Schachter J, Voevoda‐Dimenshtein V, Rosenberg E, Ostrovsky O, Danylesko I, Shimoni A, Avigdor A, Nagler A. IN VITRO ANALYSIS PREDICTS CLINICAL RESPONSE OF B CELL LYMPHATIC MALIGNANCIES TO CD19 CAR‐T CELLS: PHENOTYPIC, TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.191_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Beider
- Sheba Medical Center Hematology Division Ramat Gan Israel
| | - M. J. Besser
- Sheba Medical Center Ella Institute of Immuno‐Oncology Ramat Gan Israel
| | - E. Jacoby
- Sheba Medical Center Department of Pediatrics The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital Ramat Gan Israel
| | - J. Schachter
- Sheba Medical Center Ella Institute of Immuno‐Oncology Ramat Gan Israel
| | | | - E. Rosenberg
- Sheba Medical Center Hematology Division Ramat Gan Israel
| | - O. Ostrovsky
- Sheba Medical Center Hematology Division Ramat Gan Israel
| | - I. Danylesko
- Sheba Medical Center Hematology Division Ramat Gan Israel
| | - A. Shimoni
- Sheba Medical Center Hematology Division Ramat Gan Israel
| | - A. Avigdor
- Sheba Medical Center Hematology Division Ramat Gan Israel
| | - A. Nagler
- Sheba Medical Center Hematology Division Ramat Gan Israel
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8
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Manousi N, Deliyanni EA, Rosenberg E, Zachariadis GA. Ultrasound-assisted magnetic solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples with a magnetic polyaniline modified graphene oxide nanocomposite. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1645:462104. [PMID: 33857676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite modified with polyaniline (Fe3O4@GO-PANI) was synthesized and applied for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (i.e. fluorene, phenanthrene and pyrene) and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs) (i.e. 2-nitrofluorene, 9-nitroanthracene, 1-nitropyrene and 3-nitrofluoranthene) prior to their determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The prepared nanomaterial was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. The main experimental parameters affecting the extraction and desorption steps of the MSPE procedure were investigated and optimized. Under optimum conditions, coefficients of determination (r2) ranged between 0.9970 and 0.9995, limits of detection (LODs, S/N = 3) ranged between 0.04-0.05 ng mL-1 for PAHs and 0.01-0.11 ng mL-1 for N-PAHs, while the relative standard deviation for intra-day and inter-day repeatability were lower than 10.0% for PAHs and N-PAHs. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of tap, mineral and river water samples. Relative recoveries in spiked water samples ranged between from 91.6 to 114% and from 92.3 to 110% for PAHs and N-PAHs, respectively. The proposed method is simple, rapid, sensitive and the Fe3O4@GO-PANI sorbent can be reused for at least 15 times without significant decrease in extraction recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
| | - E A Deliyanni
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - E Rosenberg
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - G A Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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9
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Fredriksson A, Rosenberg E, Einbeigi Z, Bergh C, Strandell A. Gonadotrophin stimulation and risk of relapse in breast cancer. Hum Reprod Open 2021; 2021:hoaa061. [PMID: 33501382 PMCID: PMC7810817 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is gonadotrophin stimulation as part of IVF associated with an increased risk of relapse in breast cancer? SUMMARY ANSWER Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in connection with IVF in women with previous breast cancer was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer relapse. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer death among females. The use of COS with gonadotrophins with subsequent cryopreservation of oocytes or embryos in order to enhance the chances of pregnancy after cancer treatment is the current most established fertility preservation method for women with breast cancer. To date, there are only a few small retrospective hospital-based controlled studies evaluating the risk of breast cancer relapse in patients undergoing fertility preservation with or without COS, showing no evident risk of relapse in breast cancer after the use of gonadotoxic agents. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This was a retrospective, population-based cohort study comprising 5857 women with previous breast cancer of whom 337 were exposed to COS. Exposure (COS) and outcomes (relapse and death) were identified for all patients from 2005 to 2014 by assessing the National Quality Register for Assisted Reproduction, the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the National Patient Register, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, the Swedish Cause of Death Register, the National Breast Cancer Register and the Swedish Cancer Register. Matching according to set criteria was possible for 334 women, who constituted the control group. A total of 274 women had undergone IVF after completing breast cancer treatment and 63 women had undergone COS for fertility preservation at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women aged 20–44 years previously diagnosed with breast cancer and exposed to COS were matched for age at breast cancer diagnosis ±5 years, tumour size and lymph node involvement with a non-exposed control group, including women with known T- and N-stages. In a subsequent analysis, the matched cohort was assessed by also including women with unknown T- and N-stages. A secondary analysis comprised the entire non-matched cohort, including all women with known T- and N-stages. Also here, a subsequent analysis included women with missing data for T- and N-stages. The risk of relapse in breast cancer was estimated as crude hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI using Cox proportional hazards models in the primary and secondary analyses where T- and N-stages were known: otherwise the risks of relapse were only given descriptively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the primary matched analysis, relapse occurred in 20 of 126 women exposed to COS (15.9%) compared with 39 of 126 (31.0%) in the control cohort (HR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.39–1.45; P = 0.22). In the subsequent analysis, also including women with unknown T- and N-stages, relapse occurred in 27 of 337 (8.0%) women having undergone COS compared with 71/334 (21.3%) among the non-exposed. In the secondary adjusted analysis, relapse occurred in 20 of 126 (15.9%) exposed women and in 918 of 3729 (24.6%) non-exposed women (HR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.49–1.33; P = 0.70). In the subsequent analysis, including unknown T- and N-stages, relapse occurred in 27 of 337 (8.0%) women in the exposed group and 1176 of 5520 (21.3%) in the non-exposed cohort. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION A substantial degree of missing data on important prognostic variables was a limitation, particularly when analysing the total cohort. Furthermore, data on confounding factors, such as BMI, were not completely covered. Another limitation was that a pre-specified variable for relapse was not in use for the majority of the National Breast Cancer Register. Furthermore, the follow-up time from available register data (2005–2014) is rather short. Finally, we cannot be sure whether the prognostic information from receptor status, showing a lower incidence in the exposed group, is representative. Information on T- and N-stages was missing in more than half of the patients. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS In this large, retrospective, matched cohort study, we found no increased risk of relapse in breast cancer among women who had been exposed to gonadotrophins as part of IVF. This is reassuring but might be confounded by the selection of a group of women with a more favourable prognosis than those not undergoing IVF. The present study strengthens previous findings by being large, national and register based. Its results are applicable to women undergoing fertility preservation as well as to those undergoing regular IVF treatment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Supported in part by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-720291), The Assar Gabrielsson Fund (FB 15-20), The Breast Cancer Fund and the Swedish Association of Local authorities and Regions, SKR. There are no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fredriksson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SE 413 45, Sweden
| | - E Rosenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SE 413 45, Sweden
| | - Z Einbeigi
- Department of Medicine, Southern Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, SE 501 82, Sweden
| | - C Bergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SE 413 45, Sweden
| | - A Strandell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SE 413 45, Sweden
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Rosenberg E, Carver T, Mamishi N, Bartlett G. What Role Can Trained Volunteers Add to Chronic Disease Care of Immigrants? J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 22:1281-1286. [PMID: 32935254 PMCID: PMC7683475 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
To help primary care teams improve patient-centered care, we elicited health and life goals of immigrants with a chronic disease. We conducted an exploratory study of the (1) acceptability of home visits by volunteers to collect health information and (2) content of health and life goals within a primary care program for immigrants with chronic disease. Pairs of trained community volunteers visited 23 patients in their homes and asked them to identify three life goals and three health goals. We conducted content analyses of written notes. Health goals were related to disease prevention and symptom control, family well-being, own quality of life, own or family members' work and/or financial situation. Life goals concerned family well-being, their own quality of life, work/financial situation and health. Given the limited time health professionals have with their patients, trained community volunteers could be important members of primary care teams caring for immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rosenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,, Westmount, Canada.
| | - Tamara Carver
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nina Mamishi
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gillian Bartlett
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Rosenberg E, Perlis ML, Parthasarathy S, Jean-Louis G, Chakravorty S, Grandner MA. 0404 Jewish-Arab Disparities in Sleep Behaviors and Differential Ethnic Impact on Daytime Functioning, Driving Safety, and Health in Israel. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In Israel, those with Arabic as compared to Jewish ethnicity, exhibit poorer health and motor vehicle safety behaviors. Their ethnic differences in sleep duration and quality may modulate their vulnerabilities to these behaviors.
Methods
7,230 Israeli individuals (N=5,880 Jewish and N=1350 Arabic) responded to the 2017 Israeli Bureau of Statistics population-based survey of households. Variables were self-reported. Outcomes included sleepiness, sleep medications, functional impairment, drowsy driving, overall health, 1-year health change, and obesity. Predictors included categorical sleep duration (<=5, 6, 7, 8 [reference], or >=9 hours) and sleep disturbance in the past month (none [reference], mild [1/week], moderate [2-3/week], or severe [>3/week]). Covariates included age, sex, and financial status. Ethnicity (Jewish/Arabic) was treated as a predictor of sleep and behavioral outcomes.
Results
When compared to normal (8-hour) sleepers, Jewish as compared to Arabic individuals were more likely to to sleep <=5h (RRR=3.99, p<0.0005), 6h (RRR=4.65, p<0.0005), and 7h (RRR=3.34, p<0.0005), and were more likely to report severe sleep difficulties (RRR=1.49, p<0.0005) and sleepiness (oOR=1.52, p< 0.0005). Yet, they were less likely to report functional impairment (oOR=0.65, p<0.0005), drowsy driving (OR=0.58, p<0.0005), worse health (oOR=0.51, p<0005), worsening health (oOR=0.70, p<0.0005), or obesity (OR=0.64, p<0.0005). Significant ethnicity by sleep duration interactions (p<0.05) characterized sleepiness, sleep medications, functional impairment, health, and health change. Moreover, significant ethnicity by sleep disturbance interactions (p<0.05) characterized the same outcomes, in addition to drowsy driving. Overall, the impact of sleep duration and sleep difficulties was generally greater among Arabs for all variables.
Conclusion
Despite Jewish individuals endorsing relatively shorter sleep and more severe sleep difficulties, Arabs seem to be more vulnerable to the health and functional outcomes. This finding may explain some of the discrepancies in the health and safety outcomes between these ethnic groups.
Support
Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M L Perlis
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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12
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Robbins R, Rosenberg E, Barger LK, Weaver M, Quan SF, Zeepvat J, Czeisler CA, Grandner MA. 1187 What Types Of Organizations Provide Sleep-focused Workplace Health Promotion Programs For Their Employees? An Analysis Of The 2017 CDC Workplace Health In America Survey. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
There has been a rise in workplace health promotion programs (WHPP)’s in the U.S., designed to improve a variety of employee health behaviors such as exercise and nutrition. Yet, relatively few focus on the third pillar of health: Sleep.
Methods
The CDC collected data from a nationally-representative cohort of companies in 2017. Participants in this Workplace Health in America study completed online surveys reporting the type of WHPP offerings at their worksite and characteristics of their worksite, including occupational field (e.g., agriculture, management, wholesale/retail), workforce size (i.e., small: <100; moderate: 100-499; and large: 500+) and company type (e.g., non-profit, profit-private, profit-public, government). We identified factors associated with an increased likelihood of sleep-focused WHPP using logistic regression adjusted for company size and type. Analyses were weighted for nationally-representative estimates.
Results
Of the N=2,843 companies that provided information, N=261 (11.74%) reported having a sleep program. Worksites with large workforces (OR=4.8, p<0.0005), for-profit public companies (OR=9.0, p<0.0005), in wholesale/retail (OR=3.8, p<0.0005), and those with employer-subsidized full health insurance (OR=12.7, p<0.0005) were more likely to have a sleep-focused WHPP. Other predictors included more long-standing WHPP programs (6 years, OR=4.4, p<0.0005), the presence of employee health in the company’s mission (OR=4.5, p<0.0005), leadership buy-in (OR=3.5, p=0.007), and an annual health promotion budget >$50,000 (OR=11.3, p<0.0005).
Conclusion
In general, workplaces with higher budgets, more well-established health promotion programs, and a mission to promote workplace health are more likely to include a sleep program. Also, publicly-traded companies and government were more likely than private companies to have a sleep program. Future research may consider defining barriers among small business and non-profit organizations for implementing sleep-focused workplace health programs.
Support
T32HL007901
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Affiliation(s)
- R Robbins
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Boston, MA
| | - E Rosenberg
- Israeli Ministry of Health, Ramat Aviv, ISRAEL
| | - L K Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Boston, MA
| | - M Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Boston, MA
| | - S F Quan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Boston, MA
| | | | - C A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Boston, MA
| | - M A Grandner
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ
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13
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Rosenberg E, Perlis ML, Parthasarathy S, Chakravorty S, Grandner MA. 0405 Sleep Duration and Sleep Disturbance Related to Obesity, Health, Motor Vehicle Safety, and Daytime Functioning in Israel: Data From the 2017 Israel Social Survey. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Previous studies suggest the Israeli population exhibits relatively short sleep duration and experiences sleep difficulties. This analysis evaluates the relationships between habitual sleep and outcomes of interest in this population.
Methods
Data were obtained from 7,230 Israeli individuals. The sample consisted a 2017 population-based survey of households, conducted by the Israeli Bureau of Statistics. All variables were self-reported. Outcomes of interest included drowsy driving, sleep medication use, functional impairment, sleepiness, overall health, 1-year health change, and obesity. Predictors included categories of sleep duration (<=5, 6, 7, 8 [reference], or >=9 hours) and sleep disturbance in the past month (none [reference], mild [1/week], moderate [2-3/week], or severe [>3/week]). Covariates included age, sex, ethnic group, and financial status. Binary and ordinal logistic regressions were employed to evaluate the relationship between them and post-hoc analyses evaluated the relationships between subgroups.
Results
Drowsy driving was associated with <=5h, 6h, and 7h sleep duration categories, and severe sleep disturbance. The use of sleep medication use was associated with <=5h and >=9h, and all levels of sleep disturbance. Functional impairment and sleepiness were both associated with <=5h, 6h, 7h, and >=9h, and all levels of sleep disturbance. Their reported overall health was linked to sleep duration of <=5h and >=9h, and all levels of sleep disturbance. Worsening health was associated with <=5h and all levels of sleep disturbance. Obesity was associated with <=5h and severe sleep disturbance. In post-hoc analyses restricted to individuals with no sleep disturbance, habitual sleep duration was still statistically significantly related to drowsy driving, sleep medications, sleepiness, and health change.
Conclusion
Short sleep duration and sleep disturbance are associated with worse motor vehicle safety, health, and functioning in the Israeli population. Effects of sleep duration were generally maintained even for those without sleep disturbance. These results may help focus public health efforts on improving sleep health.
Support
Dr. Grandner is supported by R01MD011600
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M L Perlis
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Puzhko S, Schuster T, Barnett TA, Renoux C, Rosenberg E, Barber D, Bartlett G. Evaluating Prevalence and Patterns of Prescribing Medications for Depression for Patients With Obesity Using Large Primary Care Data (Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network). Front Nutr 2020; 7:24. [PMID: 32258046 PMCID: PMC7090027 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a serious disorder that brings a tremendous health and economic burden. Many antidepressants (AD) have obesogenic effects, increasing the population of obese patients at increased risk for a more severe disease course and poor treatment response. In addition, obese patients with depression may not be receiving the recommended standard of care due to "obesity bias." It is important to evaluate prescribing pharmacological treatment of depression in patients with obesity. Objectives: To describe the prevalence and patterns of AD prescribing for patients with depression and comorbid obesity compared with normal weight patients, and to examine the association of prescribing prevalence with obesity class. Methods: Study sample of adult patients (>18 years old) with depression was extracted from the national Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) Electronic Medical Records database for 2011-2016. Measures were prescribing of at least one AD (outcome) and body mass index (BMI) to categorize patients into weight categories (exposure). Data were analyzed cross-sectionally using descriptive statistics and mixed effects logistic regression model with clustering on CPCSSN networks and adjusting for age, sex, and the comorbidities. Results: Of 120,381 patients with depression, 63,830 patients had complete data on studied variables (complete cases analysis). Compared with normal weight patients, obese patients were more likely to receive an AD prescription (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 1.17; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.12-1.22). Patients with obesity classes II and III were 8% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.16) and 6% (95% CI: 0.98, 1.16) more likely, respectively, to receive AD. After imputing missing data using Multiple Imputations by Chained Equations, the results remained unchanged. The prevalence of prescribing >3 AD types was higher in obese category (7.27%, [95% CI: 6.84, 7.73]) than in normal weight category (5.6%; [95% CI: 5.24, 5.99]). Conclusion: The association between obesity and high prevalence of AD prescribing and prescribing high number of different AD to obese patients, consistent across geographical regions, raises a public health concern. Study results warrant qualitative studies to explore reasons behind the difference in prescribing, and quantitative longitudinal studies evaluating the association of AD prescribing patterns for obese patients with health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Puzhko
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tibor Schuster
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tracie A Barnett
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec à Montreal (UQAM), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Christel Renoux
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Barber
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian Bartlett
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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15
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Cloos P, Collins S, Joubert W, Rosenberg E, Gautier L. [Ageing and memory loss: opinions of Haitian migrants living in Quebec.]. Sante Publique 2020; Vol. 31:485-495. [PMID: 31959249 DOI: 10.3917/spub.194.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ‘Dementia’ is usually presented as a syndrome characterized by the decline of one or more cognitive abilities such as memory loss. However, memory loss does not necessarily mean dementia. The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. Its incidence increases with age. In medical anthropology, diseases represent socio-cultural constructs that are not recognized and interpreted in the same way by everyone. Moreover, the migratory context is a source of difficulties in the field of dementia. In this article, we discuss the links between old age, dementia and seeking help in this context. METHOD This is an exploratory qualitative study. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with women and men born in Haiti who then immigrated to Quebec. These interviews allowed us to discuss seniors’ status issues, the meaning of memory loss and seeking help. RESULTS Interview data reveal a plurality of representations about memory loss and Alzheimer’s disease. They highlight a diversity of beliefs, attitudes and values that reflect cultural and social changes within the same community. Taking into account the context makes it possible to consider the transformation or continuity of representations and behaviors vis-à-vis loss of memory. CONCLUSION Dementia does not seem to be a phenomenon that is easily approached in the Haitian community in Quebec. Our study reveals a lack of information in this regard.
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16
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Rosenberg E, Fredriksson A, Einbeigi Z, Bergh C, Strandell A. No increased risk of relapse of breast cancer for women who give birth after assisted conception. Hum Reprod Open 2019; 2019:hoz039. [PMID: 31872070 PMCID: PMC6920108 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is childbirth after IVF associated with a risk of relapse in breast cancer? SUMMARY ANSWER Women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and completed treatment had no increased risk of relapse if they gave birth after conceiving with IVF. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Pregnancy and childbirth have not been shown to increase the risk of relapse in breast cancer. Ovarian stimulation during IVF increases the oestrogen levels and could theoretically increase the risk of relapse in breast cancer. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a retrospective register study, using national Swedish register data from the National Patient Register, the Medical Birth Register, the Swedish National Cancer Register, the National Breast Cancer Register, the National Quality Registry of Assisted Reproduction (Q-IVF), the National IVF Dataset, the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and the Cause of Death Register. All women diagnosed with breast cancer who were between 20 and 44 years of age during the years 1982 to 2014 and identified in the cancer registries were assessed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Women, previously diagnosed with breast cancer, who had given birth after IVF (29 after completed breast cancer treatment and 8 after fertility preservation) were compared with a matched control group who had given birth after spontaneous conception. Matching was done in a ratio 1:4, based on T-stage (size of the tumour) and year of diagnosis +/−5 years. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE We found 26 114 women that had been diagnosed with breast cancer when 20–44 years old and of those 860 had subsequently given birth, 823 after spontaneous and 37 after IVF conception. Follow-up time was similar between the groups, ranging from 2.6 to 24.0 years, with a mean follow-up time of 10.3 (SD 4.2) years in the IVF group and 10.7 (SD 4.4) years in the control group. There were no relapses (0/37) in the IVF group. The relapse rate for the matched controls was 36/148 (24.8%). Ten women who suffered relapse died due to breast cancer. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is reassuring data; however, the result is based on a few cases. The poor coverage of important prognostic variables in the register resulted in uncertain comparability of the groups. The main limitation in this study is the extent of missing data on tumour-related variables, due to poor coverage from the early years of the National Breast Cancer Register. It is possible that the women accepted for IVF had a less aggressive breast cancer and were generally healthier than women delivering after conceiving spontaneously and therefore had a lower risk of relapse. Other limitations are the lack of information on the anticancer therapies used and type of disease relapse, plus the older of the two IVF registers did not hold information on unsuccessful IVF cycles, leaving only cycles leading to birth, to be analysed. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We found no indication that women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer had an increased risk of relapse if they gave birth after conceiving with IVF. Based on our findings, there is no evidence to advise against IVF treatment in this group of women. More detailed registry data would be valuable for future studies, enabling proper matching of tumour characteristics between groups. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was financed by grants from the Swedish state under the agreement between the Swedish government and the county councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-720291), The Assar Gabrielsson Fund (FB 15-20), The Breast Cancer Fund and the Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions, SKL. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Fredriksson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Z Einbeigi
- Department of Medicine and Department of Oncology, Southern Älvsborg Hospital, SE 501 82, Borås, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Bergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Strandell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Tel Aviv University Ramat Aviv Israel
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Cox A, Rosenberg E, Thommeret-Carrière AS, Huyghens L, Humblé P, Leanza Y. Using patient companions as interpreters in the Emergency Department: An interdisciplinary quantitative and qualitative assessment. Patient Educ Couns 2019; 102:1439-1445. [PMID: 30929764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the perceived and actual quality of communication and the conversational mechanisms through which misunderstandings arise in linguistically diverse Emergency Department consultations. METHODS A mixed method approach was used, based on audio-records of consultations which rely on patient companions for linguistic support, and ethnographic contextual data. Interpreting errors and their potential impact on the clinical reasoning process and doctor-patient relationships were quantitatively assessed. Complementary qualitative ethnographic research provided a richer understanding of the context. The study involved interdisciplinary collaboration with specialists in applied linguistics, medicine, and psychology. RESULTS Accurate interpretation occurred in as few as 19% of interpreter speech turns. Answering for the patient and omitting information were the most frequent errors. The nature and severity of the impact of the errors varied. Answering for the patient had the greatest clinical impact. The omission of messages from the doctor to the patient negatively affected doctor-patient relationships. CONCLUSION Gaps were observed between the perceived and the actual quality of communication, although patient companions often provided useful information. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In addition to raising awareness among doctors on the potential risks of using AHIs, EDs should adjust their management to increase the utilization of onsite and remote PIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoon Cox
- KU Leuven, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium; King's College London, UK.
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19
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Pemberton VL, Evans F, Gulin J, Rosenberg E, Addou E, Burns KM, Gordon DJ, Pearson GD, Kaltman JR. Performance and predictors of recruitment success in National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's cardiovascular clinical trials. Clin Trials 2018; 15:444-451. [PMID: 30084662 DOI: 10.1177/1740774518792271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Identifying predictors of recruitment success in clinical trials, particularly prior to study launch, could contribute to higher study completion rates and improved scientific return on investment. This article evaluates the performance of clinical trials funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute that began recruitment before and after implementation of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's 2009 Accrual Policy and identifies study-related factors that predict recruitment success. Methods A retrospective analysis of National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's cardiovascular clinical trials with initial funding from 1996 to 2012 was performed to assess recruitment success. Success was defined as ≥100% enrollment of the proposed sample size within the duration initially proposed by investigators. Trials were assigned to categories (pre-policy vs post-policy) based on whether the first patient was enrolled before or after the 2009 Accrual Policy implementation. Potential determinants of successful recruitment were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Results Of 167 trials analyzed, 26.3% met the definition of success. Twenty-four trials (14.4%) were terminated early and 15 (62.5%) for insufficient recruitment. Trials failed due to <100% enrollment (22.8%), longer duration (19.8%), or both (31.1%). Trials testing behavioral interventions, those conducted within a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded network, and those with normal controls were predictive of success. The proportion of successful clinical trials increased from 23% in the pre-policy era to 30% post-policy, although the difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.29). Conclusion Enrollment success rates for National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's clinical trials are concerning. The 2009 National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Accrual Policy did not significantly improve trial success. Clinical trials testing behavioral interventions, those conducted within networks, and those with normal controls were predictive of recruitment success. Components of networks may provide model practices to help other trials attain success, including close attention to oversight activities such as recruitment plans, real-time enrollment monitoring, corrective action plans to address shortfalls, and close sponsor-investigator collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Evans
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Gulin
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ebyan Addou
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin M Burns
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J Gordon
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gail D Pearson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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Cooke AB, Pace R, Chan D, Rosenberg E, Dasgupta K, Daskalopoulou SS. A qualitative evaluation of a physician-delivered pedometer-based step count prescription strategy with insight from participants and treating physicians. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 29530385 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The integration of pedometers into clinical practice has the potential to enhance physical activity levels in patients with chronic disease. Our SMARTER randomized controlled trial demonstrated that a physician-delivered step count prescription strategy has measurable effects on daily steps, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension. In this study, we aimed to understand perceived barriers and facilitators influencing successful uptake and sustainability of the strategy, from patient and physician perspectives. METHODS Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted in a purposive sample of physicians (n = 10) and participants (n = 20), including successful and less successful cases in terms of pedometer-assessed step count improvements. Themes that achieved saturation in either group through thematic analysis are presented. RESULTS All participants appreciated the pedometer-based monitoring combined with step count prescriptions. Accountability to physicians and support offered by the trial coordinator influenced participant motivation. Those who increased step counts adopted strategies to integrate more steps into their routines and were able to overcome weather-related barriers by finding indoor alternative options to outdoor steps. Those who decreased step counts reported difficulty in overcoming weather-related challenges, health limitations and work constraints. Physicians indicated the strategy provided a framework for discussing physical activity and motivating patients, but emphasized the need for support from allied professionals to help deliver the strategy in busy clinical settings. CONCLUSION A physician-delivered step count prescription strategy was feasibly integrated into clinical practice and successful in engaging most patients; however, continual support is needed for maximal engagement and sustained use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra B Cooke
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romina Pace
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Deborah Chan
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kaberi Dasgupta
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Bujold M, Pluye P, Légaré F, Haggerty J, Gore GC, Sherif RE, Poitras MÈ, Beaulieu MC, Beaulieu MD, Bush PL, Couturier Y, Débarges B, Gagnon J, Giguère A, Grad R, Granikov V, Goulet S, Hudon C, Kremer B, Kröger E, Kudrina I, Lebouché B, Loignon C, Lussier MT, Martello C, Nguyen Q, Pratt R, Rihoux B, Rosenberg E, Samson I, Senn N, Li Tang D, Tsujimoto M, Vedel I, Ventelou B, Wensing M. Decisional needs assessment of patients with complex care needs in primary care: a participatory systematic mixed studies review protocol. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016400. [PMID: 29133314 PMCID: PMC5695438 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with complex care needs (PCCNs) often suffer from combinations of multiple chronic conditions, mental health problems, drug interactions and social vulnerability, which can lead to healthcare services overuse, underuse or misuse. Typically, PCCNs face interactional issues and unmet decisional needs regarding possible options in a cascade of interrelated decisions involving different stakeholders (themselves, their families, their caregivers, their healthcare practitioners). Gaps in knowledge, values clarification and social support in situations where options need to be deliberated hamper effective decision support interventions. This review aims to (1) assess decisional needs of PCCNs from the perspective of stakeholders, (2) build a taxonomy of these decisional needs and (3) prioritise decisional needs with knowledge users (clinicians, patients and managers). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This review will be based on the interprofessional shared decision making (IP-SDM) model and the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. Applying a participatory research approach, we will identify potentially relevant studies through a comprehensive literature search; select relevant ones using eligibility criteria inspired from our previous scoping review on PCCNs; appraise quality using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool; conduct a three-step synthesis (sequential exploratory mixed methods design) to build taxonomy of key decisional needs; and integrate these results with those of a parallel PCCNs' qualitative decisional need assessment (semistructured interviews and focus group with stakeholders). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review, together with the qualitative study (approved by the Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Service Sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean ethical committee), will produce a working taxonomy of key decisional needs (ontological contribution), to inform the subsequent user-centred design of a support tool for addressing PCCNs' decisional needs (practical contribution). We will adapt the IP-SDM model, normally dealing with a single decision, for PCCNs who experience cascade of decisions involving different stakeholders (theoretical contribution). Knowledge users will facilitate dissemination of the results in the Canadian primary care network. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42015020558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bujold
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Pluye
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - France Légaré
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeannie Haggerty
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Reem El Sherif
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Poitras
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Paula L Bush
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Couturier
- École de travail social, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Justin Gagnon
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anik Giguère
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roland Grad
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vera Granikov
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Goulet
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Catherine Hudon
- Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | | | - Irina Kudrina
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Cristiano Martello
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rebekah Pratt
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Benoit Rihoux
- Centre de Science Politique et de Politique Comparée, Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Samson
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - David Li Tang
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Isabelle Vedel
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Dasgupta K, Rosenberg E, Joseph L, Cooke AB, Trudeau L, Bacon SL, Chan D, Sherman M, Rabasa‐Lhoret R, Daskalopoulou SS. Physician step prescription and monitoring to improve ARTERial health (SMARTER): A randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Diabetes Obes Metab 2017; 19:695-704. [PMID: 28074635 PMCID: PMC5412851 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There are few proven strategies to enhance physical activity and cardiometabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. We examined the effects of physician-delivered step count prescriptions and monitoring. METHODS Participants randomized to the active arm were provided with pedometers and they recorded step counts. Over a 1-year period, their physicians reviewed their records and provided a written step count prescription at each clinic visit. The overall goal was a 3000 steps/day increase over 1 year (individualized rate of increase). Control arm participants were advised to engage in physical activity 30 to 60 min/day. We evaluated effects on step counts, carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV, primary) and other cardiometabolic indicators including haemoglobin A1c in diabetes (henceforth abbreviated as A1c) and Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in participants not receiving insulin therapy. RESULTS A total of 79% completed final evaluations (275/347; mean age, 60 years; SD, 11). Over 66% of participants had type 2 diabetes and over 90% had hypertension. There was a net 20% increase in steps/day in active vs control arm participants (1190; 95% CI, 550-1840). Changes in cfPWV were inconclusive; active vs control arm participants with type 2 diabetes experienced a decrease in A1c (-0.38%; 95% CI, -0.69 to -0.06). HOMA-IR also declined in the active arm vs the control arm (ie, assessed in all participants not treated with insulin; -0.96; 95% CI, -1.72 to -0.21). CONCLUSIONS A simple physician-delivered step count prescription strategy incorporated into routine clinical practice led to a net 20% increase in step counts; however, this was below the 3000 steps/day targeted increment. While conclusive effects on cfPWV were not observed, there were improvements in both A1c and insulin sensitivity. Future studies will evaluate an amplified intervention to increase impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaberi Dasgupta
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
- Division of EndocrinologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Mary's HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Lawrence Joseph
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Alexandra B. Cooke
- Divisions of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Luc Trudeau
- Cardiovascular Prevention Centre, Jewish General HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Simon L. Bacon
- Division of Exercise ScienceConcordia UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Deborah Chan
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of MedicineMcGill University Health CentreMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Mark Sherman
- Division of EndocrinologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Rémi Rabasa‐Lhoret
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de MontréalUniversité de MontréalMontrealQuébecCanada
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Burns KM, Bienemann L, Camperlengo L, Cottengim C, Covington TM, Dykstra H, Faulkner M, Kobau R, Erck Lambert AB, MacLeod H, Parks SE, Rosenberg E, Russell MW, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Shaw E, Tian N, Whittemore V, Kaltman JR. The Sudden Death in the Young Case Registry: Collaborating to Understand and Reduce Mortality. Pediatrics 2017; 139:e20162757. [PMID: 28228502 PMCID: PMC5330401 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge gaps persist about the incidence of and risk factors for sudden death in the young (SDY). The SDY Case Registry is a collaborative effort between the National Institutes of Health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Michigan Public Health Institute. Its goals are to: (1) describe the incidence of SDY in the United States by using population-based surveillance; (2) compile data from SDY cases to create a resource of information and DNA samples for research; (3) encourage standardized approaches to investigation, autopsy, and categorization of SDY cases; (4) develop partnerships between local, state, and federal stakeholders toward a common goal of understanding and preventing SDY; and (5) support families who have lost loved ones to SDY by providing resources on bereavement and medical evaluation of surviving family members. Built on existing Child Death Review programs and as an expansion of the Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Case Registry, the SDY Case Registry achieves its goals by identifying SDY cases, providing guidance to medical examiners/coroners in conducting comprehensive autopsies, evaluating cases through child death review and an advanced review by clinical specialists, and classifying cases according to a standardized algorithm. The SDY Case Registry also includes a process to obtain informed consent from next-of-kin to save DNA for research, banking, and, in some cases, diagnostic genetic testing. The SDY Case Registry will provide valuable incidence data and will enhance understanding of the characteristics of SDY cases to inform the development of targeted prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Burns
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and
| | - Lauren Bienemann
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Carri Cottengim
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theresa M Covington
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan; and
| | - Heather Dykstra
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan; and
| | - Meghan Faulkner
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan; and
| | - Rosemarie Kobau
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Heather MacLeod
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan; and
| | - Sharyn E Parks
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and
| | - Mark W Russell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Esther Shaw
- National Center for Fatality Review and Prevention, Michigan Public Health Institute, Okemos, Michigan; and
| | - Niu Tian
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vicky Whittemore
- National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan R Kaltman
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and
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Dasgupta K, Cooke AB, Rosenberg E, Joseph L, Daskalopoulou SS. PO-24 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STEP COUNTS AND CAROTID FEMORAL PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN ADULTS TREATED FOR HYPERTENSION AND DIABETES. Artery Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.artres.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Cosman F, Gilchrist N, McClung M, Foldes J, de Villiers T, Santora A, Leung A, Samanta S, Heyden N, McGinnis JP, Rosenberg E, Denker AE. A phase 2 study of MK-5442, a calcium-sensing receptor antagonist, in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis after long-term use of oral bisphosphonates. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:377-86. [PMID: 26556736 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In women with osteoporosis treated with alendronate for >12 months and oral bisphosphonates for >3 of the last 4 years, switching to MK-5442, a calcium receptor antagonist, stimulated endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and increased bone turnover marker levels, but produced a decline in bone mineral density (BMD) at all sites. INTRODUCTION This study assessed the effects of switching from long-term oral bisphosphonate therapy to the calcium-sensing receptor antagonist MK-5442 on BMD and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in post-menopausal women with osteoporosis. METHODS This randomized, active and placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study enrolled 526 postmenopausal women, who had taken alendronate (ALN) for ≥12 months preceding the trial and any oral bisphosphonate for ≥3 of the preceding 4 years and had spine or hip BMD T-scores ≤-2.5 or ≤-1.5 with ≥1 prior fragility fracture. Women were randomized to continue ALN 70 mg weekly or switch to MK-5442 (5, 7.5, 10, or 15 mg daily) or placebo. RESULTS Switching from ALN to MK-5442 produced a dose-dependent parathyroid hormone (PTH) pulse of threefold to sixfold above baseline at 1 h, with PTH levels that remained twofold to threefold above baseline at 4 h and returned to baseline by 24 h. Switching to MK-5442 or placebo increased BTM levels compared to baseline within 3 months and MK-5442 10 mg increased BTM levels compared to placebo by 6 months. With all MK-5442 doses and placebo, spine and hip BMD declined from baseline, and at 12 months, BMD levels were below those who continued ALN (all groups P < 0.05 vs ALN). There was also a dose-dependent increase in the incidence of hypercalcemia with MK-5442. CONCLUSION Switching from ALN to MK-5442 resulted in a pulsatile increase in PTH and increases in BTMs, but a decline in BMD compared with continued ALN. MK-5442 is not a viable option for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cosman
- Helen Hayes Hospital, West Haverstraw, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - N Gilchrist
- CGM Research Trust, The Princess Margaret Hospital Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - M McClung
- Oregon Osteoporosis Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - J Foldes
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - T de Villiers
- Mediclinic Panorama, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Health, Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A Santora
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - A Leung
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - S Samanta
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - N Heyden
- Merck & Co, Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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Whittal A, Rosenberg E. Effects of individual immigrant attitudes and host culture attitudes on doctor-immigrant patient relationships and communication in Canada. Int J Equity Health 2015; 14:108. [PMID: 26511474 PMCID: PMC4625472 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In many countries doctors are seeing an increasing amount of immigrant patients. The communication and relationship between such groups often needs to be improved, with the crucial factor potentially being the basic attitudes (acculturation orientations) of the doctors and patients. This study therefore explores how acculturation orientations of Canadian doctors and immigrant patients impact the doctor-patient relationship. Methods N = 10 participants (five doctors, five patients) participated in acculturation orientation surveys, video recordings of a regular clinic visit, and semi structured interviews with each person. Acculturation orientations were calculated using the Euclidean distance method, video recordings were analyzed according to the Verona Coding System, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the interviews. Interviews were used to explain and interpret the behaviours observed in the video recordings. Results The combined acculturation orientations of each the doctor and immigrant patient played a role in the doctor-patient relationship, although different combinations than expected produced working relationships. Video recordings and interviews revealed that these particular immigrant patients were open to adapting to their new society, and that the doctors were generally accepting of the immigrants’ previous culture. This produced a common level of understanding from which the relationship could work effectively. Conclusion A good relationship and level of communication between doctors and immigrant patients may have its foundation in acculturation orientations, which may affect the quality of care, health behaviours and quality of life of the immigrant. The implications of these findings are more significant when considering effective interventions to improve the quality of doctor-patient relationships, which should have a solid foundational framework. Our research suggests that interventions based on understanding the influence of acculturation orientations could help create a basic level of understanding, and therefore improved interaction between doctors and immigrant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Whittal
- Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, South Hall, 28759, Bremen, Germany. .,McGill University, St. Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3T 1M5, Canada.
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- McGill University, St. Mary's Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3T 1M5, Canada
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Yılmazcan Ö, Kanakaki C, Izgi B, Rosenberg E. Fast determination of octinoxate and oxybenzone uv filters in swimming pool waters by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2286-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ö Yılmazcan
- Uludag University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Bursa Turkey
- Vienna University of Technology; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics; Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC Vienna Austria
| | - C. Kanakaki
- Vienna University of Technology; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics; Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC Vienna Austria
| | - B. Izgi
- Uludag University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Department of Chemistry; Bursa Turkey
| | - E. Rosenberg
- Vienna University of Technology; Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics; Getreidemarkt 9/164 AC Vienna Austria
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Leanza Y, Boivin I, Moro MR, Rousseau C, Brisset C, Rosenberg E, Hassan G. Integration of interpreters in mental health interventions with children and adolescents: The need for a framework. Transcult Psychiatry 2015; 52:353-75. [PMID: 25501490 DOI: 10.1177/1363461514558137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Few empirical studies have detailed the specificities of working with interpreters in mental healthcare for children. The integration of interpreters in clinical teams in child mental healthcare was explored in two clinics, in Montreal and Paris. Four focus groups were conducted with interpreters and clinicians. Participants described the development of the working alliance between interpreters and clinicians, the delineation of interpreters' roles, and the effects of translation on the people in the interaction. Integrating interpreters in a clinical team is a slow process in which clinicians and interpreters need to reflect upon a common framework. An effective framework favours trust, mutual understanding, and valorization of the contribution of each to the therapeutic task. The interpreter's presence and activities seem to have some therapeutic value.
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Ince-Cushman D, Rudkin T, Rosenberg E. Supervised near-peer clinical teaching in the ambulatory clinic: an exploratory study of family medicine residents' perspectives. Perspect Med Educ 2015; 4:8-13. [PMID: 25601040 PMCID: PMC4348229 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-015-0158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Near-peer teaching is used extensively in hospital-based rotations but its use in ambulatory care is less well studied. The objective of this study was to verify the benefits of near-peer teaching found in other contexts and to explore the benefits and challenges of near-peer clinical supervision unique to primary care. A qualitative descriptive design using semi-structured interviews was chosen to accomplish this. A faculty preceptor supervised senior family medicine residents as they supervised a junior resident. We then elicited residents' perceptions of the experience. The study took place at a family medicine teaching unit in Canada. Six first-year and three second-year family medicine residents participated. Both junior and senior residents agreed that near-peer clinical supervision should be an option during family medicine residency training. The senior resident was perceived to benefit the most. Near-peer teaching was found to promote self-reflection and confidence in the supervising resident. Residents felt that observation by a faculty preceptor was required. In conclusion, the benefits of near-peer teaching previously described in hospital settings can be extended to ambulatory care training programmes. However, the perceived need for direct observation in a primary care context may make it more challenging to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ince-Cushman
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5700, chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges, H3T 2A8 Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Teresa Rudkin
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, 5700, chemin de la Côte-des-Neiges, H3T 2A8 Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, St. Mary’s Hospital, 3830 Lacombe Avenue, H3T 1M5 Montréal, QC Canada
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31
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Farid D, Rosenberg E, Bartlett G. Importance of education in managing type 2 diabetes during Ramadan. Can Fam Physician 2014; 60:508-520. [PMID: 24925933 PMCID: PMC4055309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Farid
- Doctoral candidate in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University in Montreal, Que
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University and a physician in the Department of Family Medicine in St Mary's Hospital Center in Montreal
| | - Gillian Bartlett
- Associate Professor and Research and Graduate Program Director in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University.
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Pluye P, Granikov V, Bartlett G, Grad RM, Tang DL, Johnson-Lafleur J, Shulha M, Barbosa Galvão MC, Ricarte IL, Stephenson R, Shohet L, Hutsul JA, Repchinsky CA, Rosenberg E, Burnand B, Légaré F, Dunikowski L, Murray S, Boruff J, Frati F, Kloda L, Macaulay A, Lagarde F, Doray G. Development and content validation of the information assessment method for patients and consumers. JMIR Res Protoc 2014; 3:e7. [PMID: 24550180 PMCID: PMC3958673 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.2908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online consumer health information addresses health problems, self-care, disease prevention, and health care services and is intended for the general public. Using this information, people can improve their knowledge, participation in health decision-making, and health. However, there are no comprehensive instruments to evaluate the value of health information from a consumer perspective. OBJECTIVE We collaborated with information providers to develop and validate the Information Assessment Method for all (IAM4all) that can be used to collect feedback from information consumers (including patients), and to enable a two-way knowledge translation between information providers and consumers. METHODS Content validation steps were followed to develop the IAM4all questionnaire. The first version was based on a theoretical framework from information science, a critical literature review and prior work. Then, 16 laypersons were interviewed on their experience with online health information and specifically their impression of the IAM4all questionnaire. Based on the summaries and interpretations of interviews, questionnaire items were revised, added, and excluded, thus creating the second version of the questionnaire. Subsequently, a panel of 12 information specialists and 8 health researchers participated in an online survey to rate each questionnaire item for relevance, clarity, representativeness, and specificity. The result of this expert panel contributed to the third, current, version of the questionnaire. RESULTS The current version of the IAM4all questionnaire is structured by four levels of outcomes of information seeking/receiving: situational relevance, cognitive impact, information use, and health benefits. Following the interviews and the expert panel survey, 9 questionnaire items were confirmed as relevant, clear, representative, and specific. To improve readability and accessibility for users with a lower level of literacy, 19 items were reworded and all inconsistencies in using a passive or active voice have been solved. One item was removed due to redundancy. The current version of the IAM4all questionnaire contains 28 items. CONCLUSIONS We developed and content validated the IAM4all in partnership with information providers, information specialists, researchers and representatives of information consumers. This questionnaire can be integrated within electronic knowledge resources to stimulate users' reflection (eg, their intention to use information). We claim that any organization (eg, publishers, community organizations, or patient associations), can evaluate and improve their online consumer health information from a consumers' perspective using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Pluye
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Leanza Y, Boivin I, Rosenberg E. The Patient’s Lifeworld: Building meaningful clinical encounters between patients, physicians and interpreters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1558/cam.v10i1.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, our objectives are first to explore the different ways physicians and interpreters interact with patients’ Lifeworld, and second, to describe and compare communication patterns in consultations with professional and those with family interpreters. We used a qualitative design and conducted analyses of transcriptions of 16 family practice consultations in Montréal in the presence of interpreters. Patterns of communication are delineated grounded in Habermas’ Communicative Action Theory and Mishler’s operational concepts of Voice of Medicine and Voice of Lifeworld. Four communication patterns emerged: (1) strategically using Lifeworld data to achieve biomedical goals, (2) having an interest in the Lifeworld for itself, (3) integrating the Lifeworld with biomedicine and (4) referring to another professional. Our results suggest physicians engage with patients’ Lifeworld and may benefit from both types of interpreters’ understanding of the patient’s specific situations. A professional interpreter is likely to transmit the patient’s Lifeworld utterances to the physician. A family member, on the other hand, may provide extra biomedical and Lifeworld information, but also prevent the patient’s Lifeworld accounts from reaching the physician. Physicians’ training should include advice on how to work with all type of interpreters and interpreters’ training should include mediation competencies in order to enhance their ability to promote the processes of co-construction of meaning.
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Dasgupta K, Rosenberg E, Daskalopoulou SS. Step Monitoring to improve ARTERial health (SMARTER) through step count prescription in type 2 diabetes and hypertension: trial design and methods. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:7. [PMID: 24393423 PMCID: PMC3893520 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background With increasing numbers of type 2 diabetes (DM2) and hypertension patients, there is a pressing need for effective, time-efficient and sustainable strategies to help physicians support their patients to achieve higher physical activity levels. SMARTER will determine whether physician-delivered step count prescriptions reduce arterial stiffness over a one-year period, compared with usual care, in sedentary overweight/obese adults with DM2/hypertension. Design Randomized, allocation-concealed, assessor-blind, multisite clinical trial. The primary outcome is change in arterial stiffness over one year. The secondary outcomes include changes in physical activity, individual vascular risk factors, medication use, and anthropometric parameters. Assessments are at baseline and one year. Methods Participants are sedentary/low active adults with 25 ≤ BMI < 40 kg/m2 followed for DM2/hypertension by a collaborating physician. The active arm uses pedometers to track daily step counts and review logs with their physicians at 3 to 4-month intervals. A written step count prescription is provided at each visit, aiming to increase counts by ≥3,000 steps/day over one year, with an individualized rate increase. The control arm visits physicians at the same frequency and receives advice to engage in physical activity 30-60 minutes/day. SMARTER will enroll 364 individuals to detect a 10 ± 5% difference in arterial stiffness change between arms. Arterial stiffness is assessed noninvasively with carotid femoral pulse wave velocity using applanation tonometry. Discussion The importance of SMARTER lies not simply in the use of pedometer-based monitoring but also on its integration into a prescription-based intervention delivered by the treating physician. Equally important is the measurement of impact of this approach on a summative indicator of arterial health, arterial stiffness. If effectiveness is demonstrated, this strategy has strong potential for widespread uptake and implementation, given that it is well-aligned with the structure of current clinical practice. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01475201)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaberi Dasgupta
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Nakamura T, Shiraki M, Fukunaga M, Tomomitsu T, Santora AC, Tsai R, Fujimoto G, Nakagomi M, Tsubouchi H, Rosenberg E, Uchida S. Effect of the cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib administered once weekly on bone mineral density in Japanese patients with osteoporosis--a double-blind, randomized, dose-finding study. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:367-76. [PMID: 23716037 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The efficacy and safety of oral placebo or odanacatib 10, 25, or 50 mg once weekly for 52 weeks were evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, multi-center study in Japanese female and male patients with osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Odanacatib is a selective and reversible cathepsin K inhibitor that decreases bone resorption and increases bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS The primary efficacy endpoint was percent change from baseline to week 52 in lumbar spine BMD. Secondary endpoints included percent change in total hip, femoral neck, and trochanter BMD and in bone biomarkers after treatment for 52 weeks. RESULTS In this study, 286 patients [94% female, mean age (SD) 68.2 (7.1) years] were included in the analysis. The least-squares mean percent changes from baseline to week 52 in the groups receiving placebo, 10, 25 and 50 mg of odanacatib for lumbar spine (L1~L4) BMD were 0.5, 4.1, 5.7, and 5.9% and for total hip BMD were -0.4, 1.3, 1.8, and 2.7%, respectively. The changes in femoral neck and trochanter BMD were similar to those at the total hip. Bone turnover markers were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. However, the effects of odanacatib on bone formation markers were less compared with the effects on bone resorption markers. Tolerability and safety profiles were similar among all treatment groups with no dose-related trends in any adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Weekly odanacatib treatment for 52 weeks increased BMD at the lumbar spine and at all hip sites in a dose-dependent manner and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan,
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Longo C, Bartlett G, MacGibbon B, Mayo N, Rosenberg E, Nadeau L, Daskalopoulou SS. The effect of obesity on antibiotic treatment failure: a historical cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2013; 22:970-6. [DOI: 10.1002/pds.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Longo
- McGill University; Department of Family Medicine; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Gillian Bartlett
- McGill University; Department of Family Medicine; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | | | - Nancy Mayo
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Ellen Rosenberg
- McGill University; Department of Family Medicine; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Lyne Nadeau
- McGill University Health Centre; Division of Clinical Epidemiology; Montreal Quebec Canada
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Gelb B, Brueckner M, Chung W, Goldmuntz E, Kaltman J, Kaski JP, Kim R, Kline J, Mercer-Rosa L, Porter G, Roberts A, Rosenberg E, Seiden H, Seidman C, Sleeper L, Tennstedt S, Kaltman J, Schramm C, Burns K, Pearson G, Rosenberg E. The Congenital Heart Disease Genetic Network Study: rationale, design, and early results. Circ Res 2013; 112:698-706. [PMID: 23410879 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the leading cause of infant mortality among birth defects, and later morbidities and premature mortality remain problematic. Although genetic factors contribute significantly to cause CHD, specific genetic lesions are unknown for most patients. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium established the Congenital Heart Disease Genetic Network Study to investigate relationships between genetic factors, clinical features, and outcomes in CHD. The Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium comprises 6 main and 4 satellite sites at which subjects are recruited, and medical data and biospecimens (blood, saliva, cardiovascular tissue) are collected. Core infrastructure includes an administrative/data-coordinating center, biorepository, data hub, and core laboratories (genotyping, whole-exome sequencing, candidate gene evaluation, and variant confirmation). Eligibility includes all forms of CHD. Annual follow-up is obtained for probands <1-year-old. Parents are enrolled whenever available. Enrollment from December 2010 to June 2012 comprised 3772 probands. One or both parents were enrolled for 72% of probands. Proband median age is 5.5 years. The one third enrolled at age <1 year are contacted annually for follow-up information. The distribution of CHD favors more complex lesions. Approximately, 11% of probands have a genetic diagnosis. Adequate DNA is available from 97% and 91% of blood and saliva samples, respectively. Genomic analyses of probands with heterotaxy, atrial septal defects, conotruncal, and left ventricular outflow tract obstructive lesions are underway. The scientific community's use of Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium resources is welcome.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Biological Specimen Banks/organization & administration
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Confidentiality
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Data Collection
- Databases, Factual
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Dosage
- Genetic Association Studies
- Genomics
- Genotype
- Heart Defects, Congenital/epidemiology
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Hospitals, Pediatric/organization & administration
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Interdisciplinary Communication
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.)/organization & administration
- Outcome Assessment, Health Care
- Patient Selection
- Phenotype
- Prospective Studies
- Registries/ethics
- Schools, Medical/organization & administration
- Translational Research, Biomedical/organization & administration
- United States
- Young Adult
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M. Tzollas N, A. Zachariadis G, Rosenberg E. Speciation Study of Trialkyl- and Triphenyl- Tin by Liquid Chromatography Using Ion Trap TOF Tandem MS and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization. CURR ANAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/157341113805218910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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M. Tzollas N, A. Zachariadis G, Rosenberg E. Speciation Study of Trialkyl- and Triphenyl- Tin by Liquid Chromatography Using Ion Trap TOF Tandem MS and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization. CURR ANAL CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411011309020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Lazar I, Cavari Y, Rosenberg E, Knyazer B. Horner's syndrome in patients admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit: epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical practice. Anaesth Intensive Care 2013; 41:20-3. [PMID: 23362886 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1304100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Horner's syndrome appears when the three-neuron sympathetic pathway is interrupted anywhere from the posterior-lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus through the spinal cord to the eye. In children, Horner's syndrome can be either congenital or acquired, but overall it is a rare finding. There are several causes of Horner's syndrome, some of iatrogenic. Although uncommon in the paediatric population, prompt recognition of the syndrome and immediate treatment may prevent permanent damage to the neuronal pathway. Awareness of the risk of developing iatrogenic Horner's syndrome and early detection of signs are recommended to minimise future disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lazar
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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42
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Leanza Y, Boivin I, Rosenberg E. The patient's Lifeworld: building meaningful clinical encounters between patients, physicians and interpreters. Commun Med 2013; 10:13-25. [PMID: 24851514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, our objectives are first to explore the different ways physicians and interpreters interact with patients' Lifeworld, and second, to describe and compare communication patterns in consultations with professional and those with family interpreters. We conducted analyses of transcriptions of 16 family practice consultations in Montreal in the presence of interpreters. Patterns of communication are delineated, grounded in Habermas' Communicative Action Theory and Mishler's operational concepts of Voice of Medicine and Voice of Lifeworld. Four communication patterns emerged: (1) strategically using Lifeworld data to achieve biomedical goals; (2) having an interest in the Lifeworld for itself; (3) integrating the Lifeworld with biomedicine; and (4) referring to another professional. Our results suggest physicians engage with patients' Lifeworld and may benefit from both types of interpreters' understanding of the patient's specific situations. A professional interpreter is likely to transmit the patient's Lifeworld utterances to the physician. A family member, on the other hand, may provide extra biomedical and Lifeworld information, but also prevent the patient's Lifeworld accounts from reaching the physician. Physicians' training should include advice on how to work with all types of interpreters and interpreters' training should include mediation competencies in order to enhance their ability to promote the processes of co-construction of meaning.
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Thobakgale C, Fadda L, Lane K, Toth I, Pereyra F, Bazner S, Ndung'u T, Walker BD, Rosenberg E, Alter G, Carrington M, Allen T, Altfeld M. Frequent and strong antibody-mediated NK cell activation to HIV-1 Env in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441410 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zachariadis GA, Tzollas NM, Nikolaou M, Rosenberg E. Storage stability studies for tributyltin determination in human urine samples using headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:299-305. [PMID: 22825966 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) method was employed in order to study the effect of storage conditions of human urine samples spiked with tributyltin (TBT) using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. To render the analyte more volatile, the derivatization (ethylation) was made in situ by sodium tetraethylborate (NaBEt(4) ), which was added directly to dilute unpreserved urine samples and in buffers of similar acidity. The stability of TBT in human urine matrix was compared with the stability of TBT in buffer solutions of similar pH value. Critical parameters of storage conditions such as temperature and time, which affect the stability of TBT in this kind of matrix, were examined extensively. The tests showed that the stability of TBT remains practically satisfactory for a maximum of 2 days of storage either at +4 or 20°C. Greater variations were observed in the concentration of TBT in human urine samples at +4°C and lower ones at -20°C over a month's storage. The freeze-thaw cycles have negative effect on the stability and should be kept to a minimum. The results from spiked urine samples are also discussed in comparison to those acquired from buffer solutions of equal TBT concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Waubant E, Pelletier D, Mass M, Cohen JA, Kita M, Cross A, Bar-Or A, Vollmer T, Racke M, Stüve O, Schwid S, Goodman A, Kachuck N, Preiningerova J, Weinstock-Guttman B, Calabresi PA, Miller A, Mokhtarani M, Iklé D, Murphy S, Kopetskie H, Ding L, Rosenberg E, Spencer C, Zamvil SS. Randomized controlled trial of atorvastatin in clinically isolated syndrome: the STAyCIS study. Neurology 2012; 78:1171-8. [PMID: 22459680 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31824f7fdd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in subjects with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS). METHODS Subjects with CIS were enrolled in a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 14-center randomized trial testing 80 mg atorvastatin on clinical and brain MRI activity. Brain MRIs were performed quarterly. The primary endpoint (PEP) was development of ≥ 3 new T2 lesions, or one clinical relapse within 12 months. Subjects meeting the PEP were offered additional weekly interferon β-1a (IFNβ-1a). RESULTS Due to slow recruitment, enrollment was discontinued after 81 of 152 planned subjects with CIS were randomized and initiated study drug. Median (interquartile range) numbers of T2 and gadolinium-enhancing (Gd) lesions were 15.0 (22.0) and 0.0 (0.0) at baseline. A total of 53.1% of atorvastatin recipients (n = 26/49) met PEP compared to 56.3% of placebo recipients (n = 18/32) (p = 0.82). Eleven atorvastatin subjects (22.4%) and 7 placebo subjects (21.9%) met the PEP by clinical criteria. Proportion of subjects who did not develop new T2 lesions up to month 12 or to starting IFNβ-1a was 55.3% in the atorvastatin and 27.6% in the placebo group (p = 0.03). Likelihood of remaining free of new T2 lesions was significantly greater in the atorvastatin group compared with placebo (odds ratio [OR] = 4.34, p = 0.01). Likelihood of remaining free of Gd lesions tended to be higher in the atorvastatin group (OR = 2.72, p = 0.11). Overall, atorvastatin was well tolerated. No clear antagonistic effect of atorvastatin plus IFNβ-1a was observed on MRI measures. CONCLUSION Atorvastatin treatment significantly decreased development of new brain MRI T2 lesion activity, although it did not achieve the composite clinical and imaging PEP. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provided Class II evidence that atorvastatin did not reduce the proportion of patients with CIS meeting imaging and clinical criteria for starting immunomodulating therapy after 12 months, compared to placebo. In an analysis of a secondary endpoint (Class III), atorvastatin was associated with a reduced risk for developing new T2 lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Waubant
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Kapsimali D, Rosenberg E, Zachariadis GA. Investigation of the HPLC-IT-TOF-MS Technique with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization for Speciation of Selenoaminoacids, Dimethyldiselenide, and Diphenyldiselenide. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.649462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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47
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Papic O, Malak Z, Rosenberg E. Survey of family physicians' perspectives on management of immigrant patients: attitudes, barriers, strategies, and training needs. Patient Educ Couns 2012; 86:205-209. [PMID: 21636237 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immigrants in Canada form a significant portion of the population and have unique and complex health needs. This study was undertaken to evaluate family physicians' perspectives on the care of this population. METHODS Questionnaires were distributed to family physicians in Montreal (n=598). The main outcomes of interest were attitudes of family physicians to care of immigrants including barriers perceived, resources and strategies used to accommodate immigrant patients, as well as physicians' training in immigrant care. RESULTS Family physicians find communication difficulties to be the key barrier and would like to see the access to interpreters improved. Very few physicians make use of professional interpreters. Only a minority of physicians have received specific cross-cultural competence training but those who have seem to provide better quality of care. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of physician perspectives is an essential element on which to base interventions to improve the quality of care to this population. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Physicians should be reminded of the importance of using professional interpretation services in multi-lingual encounters. Cross-cultural training should be further advanced in Canadian medical curricula.
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Bauer D, Youssef S, Fleury M, Bekri S, Rosenberg E, Vizika O. Improving the Estimations of Petrophysical Transport Behavior of Carbonate Rocks Using a Dual Pore Network Approach Combined with Computed Microtomography. Transp Porous Media 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-012-9941-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Bauer D, Youssef S, Han M, Bekri S, Rosenberg E, Fleury M, Vizika O. From computed microtomography images to resistivity index calculations of heterogeneous carbonates using a dual-porosity pore-network approach: influence of percolation on the electrical transport properties. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2011; 84:011133. [PMID: 21867139 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.011133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Standard reservoir evaluations are based on Archie's law relating the average water saturation to the average electrical resistivity by R(ind) = S(w)(-2). However, especially in the case of complex heterogeneous carbonates, deviation from Archie's law is observed and generally attributed to factors affecting the percolation or disconnectedness of the different phases (wetting films, microporosity, macropores) assuring electrical conductance. Pore-network models (PNM's) in combination with high-resolution computed microtomography (μ-CT) constitute a very effective tool to investigate the influence of the geometry and topology of the porous media on the spatial distribution of the conductive phase, and therefore on the shape of the resistivity index curve. An extended version of the classical PNM applicable to dual-porosity systems is presented. It combines the classical pore-network modeling applied on the macroporous space with the macroscopic properties of the microporous phase, supposing that the two pore systems act in parallel. Three-dimensional images provide information on the connectedness of the microporous phase, which is then included in the simulations. Electrical behavior of sandstone and two carbonates presenting distinct resistivity index curves were simulated and compared to measurements. Both Archie and "non-Archie" behavior were correctly reproduced, and the curve shape was explained considering percolation of the different phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bauer
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 et 4 Avenue Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
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Rosenberg E, Richard C, Lussier MT, Shuldiner T. The content of talk about health conditions and medications during appointments involving interpreters. Fam Pract 2011; 28:317-22. [PMID: 21088097 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmq094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interpreters often join immigrants and physicians to permit communication. OBJECTIVE To describe the content of talk about health problems and medications during clinical encounters involving interpreters [professionals (PI) or family members (FI)]. METHODS We analysed one regularly scheduled encounter for each of 16 adult patients with his family physician and their usual interpreter (10 with a PI and 6 with a FI). A different PI, not involved in the consultations, translated the non-English or French parts. We coded all utterances about each medical problem and each medication using six health problem and 16 medication topics from MEDICODE, a validated coding scheme. RESULTS Physicians and patients addressed an average of 3.6 problems and 3 medications per encounter. No psychosocial problems were discussed in encounters involving FIs. On average, three topics were discussed per problem. In order of frequency, they were follow-up, explanations of the condition, non-drug management, consequences, self-management and emotions about the problem. Encounters involving PIs were more likely than encounters with FIs to include discussions of emotions about the problem (42% versus 4%, P = 0.001) and indications for follow-up (88% versus 28%, P < 0.001). An average of 6.5 topics was discussed per medication. Commonest topics discussed were medication class, how the drug was being used, achieved effect and expected effect. CONCLUSIONS One can address multiple problems and share vital information even in the presence of a language barrier. When FIs are interpreting, physicians would do well to make a particular effort to bring the patient's psychological and emotional issues into the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rosenberg
- Department of Family Medicine, McGill University and St Mary's Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
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