1
|
Finkel OM, Salas-González I, Castrillo G, Conway JM, Law TF, Teixeira PJPL, Wilson ED, Fitzpatrick CR, Jones CD, Dangl JL. A single bacterial genus maintains root growth in a complex microbiome. Nature 2020. [PMID: 32999461 DOI: 10.1101/645655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants grow within a complex web of species that interact with each other and with the plant1-10. These interactions are governed by a wide repertoire of chemical signals, and the resulting chemical landscape of the rhizosphere can strongly affect root health and development7-9,11-18. Here, to understand how interactions between microorganisms influence root growth in Arabidopsis, we established a model system for interactions between plants, microorganisms and the environment. We inoculated seedlings with a 185-member bacterial synthetic community, manipulated the abiotic environment and measured bacterial colonization of the plant. This enabled us to classify the synthetic community into four modules of co-occurring strains. We deconstructed the synthetic community on the basis of these modules, and identified interactions between microorganisms that determine root phenotype. These interactions primarily involve a single bacterial genus (Variovorax), which completely reverses the severe inhibition of root growth that is induced by a wide diversity of bacterial strains as well as by the entire 185-member community. We demonstrate that Variovorax manipulates plant hormone levels to balance the effects of our ecologically realistic synthetic root community on root growth. We identify an auxin-degradation operon that is conserved in all available genomes of Variovorax and is necessary and sufficient for the reversion of root growth inhibition. Therefore, metabolic signal interference shapes bacteria-plant communication networks and is essential for maintaining the stereotypic developmental programme of the root. Optimizing the feedbacks that shape chemical interaction networks in the rhizosphere provides a promising ecological strategy for developing more resilient and productive crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omri M Finkel
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isai Salas-González
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Jonathan M Conway
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Theresa F Law
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ellie D Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Connor R Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Finkel OM, Salas-González I, Castrillo G, Conway JM, Law TF, Teixeira PJPL, Wilson ED, Fitzpatrick CR, Jones CD, Dangl JL. A single bacterial genus maintains root growth in a complex microbiome. Nature 2020; 587:103-108. [PMID: 32999461 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants grow within a complex web of species that interact with each other and with the plant1-10. These interactions are governed by a wide repertoire of chemical signals, and the resulting chemical landscape of the rhizosphere can strongly affect root health and development7-9,11-18. Here, to understand how interactions between microorganisms influence root growth in Arabidopsis, we established a model system for interactions between plants, microorganisms and the environment. We inoculated seedlings with a 185-member bacterial synthetic community, manipulated the abiotic environment and measured bacterial colonization of the plant. This enabled us to classify the synthetic community into four modules of co-occurring strains. We deconstructed the synthetic community on the basis of these modules, and identified interactions between microorganisms that determine root phenotype. These interactions primarily involve a single bacterial genus (Variovorax), which completely reverses the severe inhibition of root growth that is induced by a wide diversity of bacterial strains as well as by the entire 185-member community. We demonstrate that Variovorax manipulates plant hormone levels to balance the effects of our ecologically realistic synthetic root community on root growth. We identify an auxin-degradation operon that is conserved in all available genomes of Variovorax and is necessary and sufficient for the reversion of root growth inhibition. Therefore, metabolic signal interference shapes bacteria-plant communication networks and is essential for maintaining the stereotypic developmental programme of the root. Optimizing the feedbacks that shape chemical interaction networks in the rhizosphere provides a promising ecological strategy for developing more resilient and productive crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omri M Finkel
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Life Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Isai Salas-González
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Future Food Beacon of Excellence, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Jonathan M Conway
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Theresa F Law
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Paulo José Pereira Lima Teixeira
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biology, 'Luiz de Queiroz' College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Ellie D Wilson
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Connor R Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee J, Tatsumi A, Tsukakoshi K, Wilson ED, Abe K, Sode K, Ikebukuro K. Application of a Glucose Dehydrogenase-Fused with Zinc Finger Protein to Label DNA Aptamers for the Electrochemical Detection of VEGF. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20143878. [PMID: 32664558 PMCID: PMC7411789 DOI: 10.3390/s20143878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aptamer-based electrochemical sensors have gained attention in the context of developing a diagnostic biomarker detection method because of their rapid response, miniaturization ability, stability, and design flexibility. In such detection systems, enzymes are often used as labels to amplify the electrochemical signal. We have focused on glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as a labeling enzyme for electrochemical detection owing to its high enzymatic activity, availability, and well-established electrochemical principle and platform. However, it is difficult and laborious to obtain one to one labeling of a GDH-aptamer complex with conventional chemical conjugation methods. In this study, we used GDH that was genetically fused to a DNA binding protein, i.e., zinc finger protein (ZF). Fused GDH can be attached to an aptamer spontaneously and site specifically in a buffer by exploiting the sequence-specific binding ability of ZF. Using such a fusion protein, we labeled a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-binding aptamer with GDH and detected the target electrochemically. As a result, upon the addition of glucose, the GDH labeled on the aptamer generated an amperometric signal, and the current response increased dependent on the VEGF concentration. Eventually, the developed electrochemical sensor proved to detect VEGF levels as low as 105 pM, thereby successfully demonstrating the concept of using ZF-fused GDH to enzymatically label aptamers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.L.); (E.D.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Atsuro Tatsumi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Kaori Tsukakoshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Ellie D. Wilson
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.L.); (E.D.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Koichi Abe
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (J.L.); (E.D.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazunori Ikebukuro
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (A.T.); (K.T.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-388-7030
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Clairon Q, Henderson R, Young NJ, Wilson ED, Taylor CJ. Adaptive treatment and robust control. Biometrics 2020; 77:223-236. [PMID: 32249926 DOI: 10.1111/biom.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A control theory perspective on determination of optimal dynamic treatment regimes is considered. The aim is to adapt statistical methodology that has been developed for medical or other biostatistical applications to incorporate powerful control techniques that have been designed for engineering or other technological problems. Data tend to be sparse and noisy in the biostatistical area and interest has tended to be in statistical inference for treatment effects. In engineering fields, experimental data can be more easily obtained and reproduced and interest is more often in performance and stability of proposed controllers rather than modeling and inference per se. We propose that modeling and estimation should be based on standard statistical techniques but subsequent treatment policy should be obtained from robust control. To bring focus, we concentrate on A-learning methodology as developed in the biostatistical literature and H ∞ -synthesis from control theory. Simulations and two applications demonstrate robustness of the H ∞ strategy compared to standard A-learning in the presence of model misspecification or measurement error.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Clairon
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest, Inserm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - R Henderson
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, UK
| | - N J Young
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, UK
| | - E D Wilson
- School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - C J Taylor
- Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
We have estimated the iron balance in six dogs before and after splenectomy, in two intact dogs, and in five dogs before and after major operations other than splenectomy. In all the animals studied, considerable variation in iron balance was observed in the periods used (6 to 14 days). The intact controls had positive balances, the one followed for a year and a half having over 0.4 mg. per kilo per day, except when fasting or on an inadequate intake. The iron of urine, lost hair, dandruff, etc., which was not included in the determinations, would be far from sufficient to restore equilibrium. Of five animals subjected to major operations other than splenectomy, all of which in preoperative periods had positive balances varying between 0.423 mg. to 0.075 mg. per kilo per day, three showed a positive balance of from 0.989 mg. to 0.057 mg. and two showed negative balances of from 0.02 to 0.18 mg., the last two having anemia in the period of study while the others had none. Of the six splenectomized dogs, five showed a greater tendency to loss of iron after splenectomy (i.e., either a change from a positive to a negative balance or to an increasedly negative or lessened positive balance). This was not always apparent until some days after splenectomy and coincided approximately with the period of developing anemia. The removal of the spleen was usually found therefore to be transiently associated with increased excretion of iron. It is not possible to demonstrate, however, that the increased loss of iron is the cause of the anemia, and the matter awaits further investigation before the reason of its occurrence is made clear. An adequate iron intake in an intact animal was usually accompanied by a positive balance, though in splenectomized animals during the period of anemia it was frequently accompanied by a negative balance. Gain in weight in intact animals likewise was associated with a positive balance; but in the three instances in which gain of weight occurred during periods of anemia, after splenectomy or other operations, it was associated with a negative balance. Weight maintenance was also associated with a positive balance except in one instance of severe postsplenectomy anemia. Loss of weight was not sufficiently associated with a negative balance to make it seem a definite factor influencing the balance, per se, although about one-third of the periods of loss of weight were associated with negative balances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D Wilson
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Panksepp JB, Jochman KA, Kim JU, Koy JJ, Wilson ED, Chen Q, Wilson CR, Lahvis GP. Affiliative behavior, ultrasonic communication and social reward are influenced by genetic variation in adolescent mice. PLoS One 2007; 2:e351. [PMID: 17406675 PMCID: PMC1831495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social approach is crucial for establishing relationships among individuals. In rodents, social approach has been studied primarily within the context of behavioral phenomena related to sexual reproduction, such as mating, territory defense and parental care. However, many forms of social interaction occur before the onset of reproductive maturity, which suggests that some processes underlying social approach among juvenile animals are probably distinct from those in adults. We conducted a longitudinal study of social investigation (SI) in mice from two inbred strains to assess the extent to which genetic factors influence the motivation for young mice to approach one another. Early-adolescent C57BL/6J (B6) mice, tested 4–6 days after weaning, investigated former cage mates to a greater degree than BALB/cJ (BALB) mice, irrespective of the sex composition within an interacting pair. This strain difference was not due to variation in maternal care, the phenotypic characteristics of stimulus mice or sensitivity to the length of isolation prior to testing, nor was it attributable to a general difference in appetitive motivation. Ultrasonic vocalization (USV) production was positively correlated with the SI responses of mice from both strains. Interestingly, several USV characteristics segregated with the genetic background of young mice, including a higher average frequency and shorter duration for the USVs emitted by B6 mice. An assessment of conditioned place preference responses indicated that there was a strain-dependent difference in the rewarding nature of social contact. As adolescent mice aged, SI responses gradually became less sensitive to genetic background and more responsive to the particular sex of individuals within an interacting pair. We have thus identified a specific, genetic influence on the motivation of early-adolescent mice to approach one another. Consistent with classical theories of motivation, which propose a functional relationship between behavioral approach and reward, our findings indicate that reward is a proximal mechanism through which genetic factors affect social motivation during early adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jules B. Panksepp
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (JP); (GL)
| | - Kimberly A. Jochman
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Joseph U. Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jamie J. Koy
- Undergraduate Program in Religious Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ellie D. Wilson
- Undergraduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - QiLiang Chen
- Undergraduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Clarinda R. Wilson
- Undergraduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Garet P. Lahvis
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Waisman Center for Developmental Disabilities, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: (JP); (GL)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- E D Wilson
- Biochemical Laboratory, Cambridge, England, and the Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania Medical School, Philadelphia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the correlation between the incidence of sex chromosome aneuploidies in the somatic cells and spermatozoa in karyotypically normal infertile men and fertile donors. DESIGN A prospective, phase two, controlled study. SETTING A teaching Hospital Reproductive Medicine and Medical Genetics Units. PATIENT(S) Ten patients with idiopathic oligozoospermia and 10 sperm donors with proven fertility, all with a normal karyotype 46, XY. INTERVENTION(S) Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of peripheral blood lymphocytes and spermatozoa using a probe cocktail containing the alpha satellite DXZ1 for the X centromere, DYZ1 for the heterochromatic region of the long arm of the Y, and cosmids D21S259, D21S341, and D21S342 for Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The incidence of chromosome X, Y, and 21 aneuploidies in peripheral lymphocytes and spermatozoa in both groups. RESULT(S) The incidence of aneuploidies related to chromosomes X, Y, and 21 were significantly higher in peripheral lymphocytes and spermatozoa of infertile men compared with donors. There was a positive correlation between the incidence of chromosome aneuploidies in the somatic cells and sperm in all men. CONCLUSION(S) These findings provide suggestive evidence for the importance of mitosis in spermatogenesis and the role of mitotic instability in unexplained oligozoospermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Gazvani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gazvani MR, Wilson ED, Richmond DH, Howard PJ, Kingsland CR, Lewis-Jones DI. Evaluation of the role of mitotic instability in karyotypically normal men with oligozoospermia. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:51-5. [PMID: 10632411 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(99)00467-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence of sex chromosome aneuploidies in the somatic cells of karyotypically normal infertile men and fertile donors. DESIGN A prospective, two-phase, controlled study. SETTING Reproductive medicine and medical genetics units of a teaching hospital. PATIENT(S) Ten patients with oligozoospermia and 10 sperm donors with proved fertility, all with a normal karyotype 46 XY. INTERVENTION(S) Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of peripheral blood lymphocytes using a probe cocktail containing the alpha satellites DXZ1 for the X centromere and DYZ1 for the heterochromatic region of the long arm of the Y and the radiolabeled alpha satellite D18Z1 for chromosome 18. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The incidence of sex chromosome aneuploidies in both groups. RESULT(S) A 13-fold increase in sex chromosome aneuploidies was observed in the somatic cells of infertile men with "unexplained" oligozoospermia compared to donors (P=.008). CONCLUSION(S) These findings provide suggestive evidence for the existence of an inherent mitotic instability in men with unexplained oligozoospermia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Gazvani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Liverpool Women's Hospital, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the erythrocyte cell membrane transport of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in the little skate, Raja erincea. Uptake of TMAO occurs by two processes, Na(+)-dependent and Na(+)-independent. 2,4 dinitrophenol (2,4 DNP), a known ATP synthesis inhibitor, inhibited TMAO uptake, suggesting the involvement of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATP pump in Na(+)-dependent TMAO transport. Na(+)-independent TMAO uptake was stimulated by cell swelling when erythrocytes were incubated in hypotonic elasmobranch incubation medium. Swelling-activated, Na(+)-independent TMAO uptake was inhibited by the anion transport inhibitors quinine and 4, 4'-diisthiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), two blockers of the swelling-activated osmolyte channel in skate erythrocytes. TMAO efflux was stimulated by hypotonic stress in the erythrocytes of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias. DIDS also inhibited this efflux, indicating that TMAO is transported by the organic osmolyte channel in the erythrocytes of this elasmobranch as well. J. Exp. Zool. 284:605-609, 1999.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E D Wilson
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wilson ED. Spiritual care. Helping a guilt-ridden patient. J Christ Nurs 1988; 5:10-3. [PMID: 3351743 DOI: 10.1097/00005217-198805020-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
12
|
Wilson ED, McCulley C. The use of patient-teachers in a maximum-security psychiatric unit. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1970; 21:25-6. [PMID: 5409513 DOI: 10.1176/ps.21.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
13
|
Wilson ED. MARINE TERTIARY IN ARIZONA. Science 1931; 74:567-8. [PMID: 17807634 DOI: 10.1126/science.74.1927.567-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
14
|
Harkins WD, Wilson ED. The Structure of Complex Atoms and the Changes of Mass and Weight Involved in Their Formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1915; 1:276-83. [PMID: 16575998 PMCID: PMC1090802 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1.5.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W D Harkins
- Kent Chemical Laboratory, University of Chicago
| | | |
Collapse
|