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Achinger-Kawecka J, Stirzaker C, Portman N, Campbell E, Chia KM, Du Q, Laven-Law G, Nair SS, Yong A, Wilkinson A, Clifton S, Milioli HH, Alexandrou S, Caldon CE, Song J, Khoury A, Meyer B, Chen W, Pidsley R, Qu W, Gee JMW, Schmitt A, Wong ES, Hickey TE, Lim E, Clark SJ. The potential of epigenetic therapy to target the 3D epigenome in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:498-512. [PMID: 38182927 PMCID: PMC10948365 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) epigenome remodeling is an important mechanism of gene deregulation in cancer. However, its potential as a target to counteract therapy resistance remains largely unaddressed. Here, we show that epigenetic therapy with decitabine (5-Aza-mC) suppresses tumor growth in xenograft models of pre-clinical metastatic estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast tumor. Decitabine-induced genome-wide DNA hypomethylation results in large-scale 3D epigenome deregulation, including de-compaction of higher-order chromatin structure and loss of boundary insulation of topologically associated domains. Significant DNA hypomethylation associates with ectopic activation of ER-enhancers, gain in ER binding, creation of new 3D enhancer-promoter interactions and concordant up-regulation of ER-mediated transcription pathways. Importantly, long-term withdrawal of epigenetic therapy partially restores methylation at ER-enhancer elements, resulting in a loss of ectopic 3D enhancer-promoter interactions and associated gene repression. Our study illustrates the potential of epigenetic therapy to target ER+ endocrine-resistant breast cancer by DNA methylation-dependent rewiring of 3D chromatin interactions, which are associated with the suppression of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Achinger-Kawecka
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Clare Stirzaker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Portman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elyssa Campbell
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kee-Ming Chia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qian Du
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geraldine Laven-Law
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shalima S Nair
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aliza Yong
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Wilkinson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Samuel Clifton
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heloisa H Milioli
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Alexandrou
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny Song
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Khoury
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Braydon Meyer
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wenhan Chen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ruth Pidsley
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wenjia Qu
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia M W Gee
- Breast Cancer Molecular Pharmacology Group, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | | | - Emily S Wong
- Victor Chang Cardiac Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Susan J Clark
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Cohen HML, Horne SJ, Campbell E, Bowley DM, Mountain A. Delivering high-quality military healthcare: 'no need for fancy subspecialties'. BMJ Mil Health 2024:e002662. [PMID: 38290746 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S-J Horne
- Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, UK
| | - E Campbell
- Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, UK
| | | | - A Mountain
- Academic Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
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Campbell E, McLaren O, Sheldon A, Rock B, Bracey TS, Malik T, Reddy VM. A two-centre experience of tonsil biopsies in the investigation of patients with tonsillar asymmetry. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2024; 106:41-44. [PMID: 36688848 PMCID: PMC10757879 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aim to evaluate our experience of tonsil biopsies in the investigation of patients presenting with asymmetrical tonsils. METHODS A two-centre retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent histology sampling of the palatine tonsils between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018 was completed. Data collected included patient demographics, method of obtaining tonsil tissue, histological diagnosis and need for repeat tissue sampling. A follow-up period of 36 months was allowed to establish whether any patients re-presented with missed diagnoses. RESULTS In total, 937 patients were included for analysis: 375 (40.0%) had a biopsy, of which 191 (50.9%) were performed in clinic. The mean duration from initial appointment with the ear, nose and throat clinic to tissue sample collection was 17.6 days (range 0-327 days) for all biopsies, reducing to 0.2 days (range 0-17 days) for biopsies performed in clinic. This was significantly shorter than for tonsillectomies (mean 38.9 days, range 0-444 days; p<0.05). Of the patients who underwent tonsil biopsy, six (1.6%) had malignancy that was not unequivocally diagnosed on initial biopsy. In all six patients, prior clinical suspicion was high, and repeat tissue sampling was undertaken on receipt of negative histology results. CONCLUSIONS Tonsil biopsy is a viable alternative to tonsillectomy for histology in the assessment of tonsil asymmetry. Tonsil biopsy in the outpatient setting has reduced surgical morbidity, significantly less delay in diagnosis, less inconvenience for patients and lower healthcare costs compared with formal tonsillectomy. Although tonsil biopsies should not be used in isolation, they can be useful in the investigation of patients presenting with tonsillar asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O McLaren
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
| | - A Sheldon
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
| | - B Rock
- Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, UK
| | - TS Bracey
- Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, UK
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
| | - T Malik
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, UK
| | - VM Reddy
- Royal Cornwall Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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Gorman BG, Campbell E, Mullen BL, Deo N, Ahn J, Carley S, Castro MR, Todd A, Vidal NY. Association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and melanoma: a retrospective matched cohort study. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:2721-2724. [PMID: 37477680 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-023-02669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
An inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to increase risk for malignant melanoma, suggesting that melanoma may be related to a pro-inflammatory state. Though Hashimoto's thyroiditis is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, there are no investigations of its relationship with melanoma. We aim to determine if Hashimoto's increases risk of developing melanoma. A retrospective, validated cohort of patients with a diagnosis of Hashimoto's between 2005 and 2020 were identified using the Olmsted County database. Patients were age and sex matched to controls without a Hashimoto's diagnosis. The primary outcomes were development of melanoma and time to first melanoma diagnosis. 4805 patients were included in the study, with 1726 (36%) having a diagnosis of Hashimoto's. Hashimoto's patients had no significant difference in risk of melanoma (relative risk 0.96, 95% CI 0.78-1.17) or nonmelanoma skin cancer (relative risk 0.95, 95% CI 0.86-1.06) compared with matched controls. This suggests that the local proinflammatory environment present in Hashimoto's does not contribute significantly to melanoma risk. Larger studies may be needed to further characterize the relationship between these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Gorman
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B L Mullen
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - N Deo
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - J Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S Carley
- Sharp Rees-Stealy Dermatology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - M R Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Todd
- Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - N Y Vidal
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Bankov G, Cearns MD, Amato-Watkins A, Campbell E. Spontaneous shunt independence in paediatric tumour-related hydrocephalus: case series and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:3179-3184. [PMID: 37233769 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-05995-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydrocephalus is commonly associated with paediatric posterior fossa tumours and their resection. This is commonly managed by ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion, which is associated with a lifelong risk of malfunction, necessitating revisional surgery. Few opportunities ever arise for the patient to be free of the shunt and this risk. We describe three patients shunted for tumour-related hydrocephalus who subsequently developed spontaneous shunt independence. We discuss this in the context of the literature. METHODS A single-centre retrospective case series analysis was performed using a departmental database. Case notes were retrieved from a local electronic records database, and images were reviewed using national Picture Archiving and Communication Systems. RESULTS Over a 10-year period, 28 patients underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion for tumour-related hydrocephalus. Of these, 3 patients (10.7%) went on to have their shunts successfully removed. Age at presentation varied from 1 to 16 years. In all cases, the patient required shunt externalization due to shunt or intra-abdominal infection. This was used as an opportunity to challenge the need for ongoing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. In one case, this occurred only several months after a shunt blockage with intracranial pressure monitoring that proved her shunt dependence. All three patients tolerated this challenge, their shunt systems were removed without complication, and they remain free of hydrocephalus at last follow-up. CONCLUSION These cases reflect our poor understanding of the heterogenous physiology of patients with shunted hydrocephalus and underline the importance of challenging the need for CSF diversion at any appropriate opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bankov
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - M D Cearns
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK.
| | - A Amato-Watkins
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
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Mitchell EJ, Campbell E, Goodman K, Taylor J, Youssouf NFJ, Wakefield N. Time for a proper career pathway for clinical trial managers? Trials 2023; 24:565. [PMID: 37658456 PMCID: PMC10472544 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E J Mitchell
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, Applied Health Research Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - E Campbell
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, Applied Health Research Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - K Goodman
- NMAHP Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0NA, UK
| | - J Taylor
- Bristol Trials Centre, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1-5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol, BS8 1NU, UK
| | - N F J Youssouf
- Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - N Wakefield
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, Applied Health Research Building, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Deo N, Campbell E, Gorman BG, Mullen BM, Ahn J, Carley S, Castro MR, Todd A, Vidal NY. Incidence of Melanoma is Not Elevated in Patients with Graves’ Disease: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study. JAAD Int 2023; 11:222-223. [PMID: 37152216 PMCID: PMC10154956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
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Turpin C, Barbeau K, Ben Massaoud H, Lafrenière A, Campbell E, De Koninck J. Testing predictions of the emotional and stress regulation theories of dream function. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arendts G, Chenoweth L, Hayes BJ, Campbell E, Agar M, Etherton-Beer C, Spilsbury K, Howard K, Braitberg G, Cubitt M, Sheehan C, Magann L, Sudharshan T, Schnitker LM, Pearce J, Gilmore I, Cerra N, duPreez J, Jaworski R, Soh SC, Celenza A. CELPI: trial protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a Carer End of Life Planning Intervention in people dying with dementia. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:869. [PMID: 36384478 PMCID: PMC9670369 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is a leading cause of death in developed nations. Despite an often distressing and symptom laden end of life, there are systematic barriers to accessing palliative care in older people dying of dementia. Evidence exists that 70% of people living with severe dementia attend an emergency department (ED) in their last year of life. The aim of this trial is to test whether a Carer End of Life Planning Intervention (CELPI), co-designed by consumers, clinicians and content specialists, improves access to end of life care for older people with severe dementia, using an ED visit as a catalyst for recognising unmet needs and specialist palliative care referral where indicated. Methods A randomised controlled trial (RCT) enrolling at six EDs across three states in Australia will be conducted, enrolling four hundred and forty dyads comprising a person with severe dementia aged ≥ 65 years, and their primary carer. Participants will be randomly allocated to CELPI or the control group. CELPI incorporates a structured carer needs assessment and referral to specialist palliative care services where indicated by patient symptom burden and needs assessment. The primary outcome measure is death of the person with dementia in the carer-nominated preferred location. Secondary outcomes include carer reported quality of life of the person dying of dementia, hospital bed day occupancy in the last 12 months of life, and carer stress. An economic evaluation from the perspective of a health funder will be conducted. Discussion CELPI seeks to support carers and provide optimal end of life care for the person dying of dementia. This trial will provide high level evidence as to the clinical and cost effectiveness of this intervention. Trial registration ACTRN12622000611729 registered 22/04/2022. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03534-1.
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MokGatla O, Haupfear I, Cafferty J, Campbell E, Lavan AH. 284 DO MEDICATIONS GET OPTIMISED DURING AN ACUTE ADMISSION TO HOSPITAL? Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (PIPs) and Potential Prescribing Omissions (PPOs) are common in hospitalised older adults and associated with poor outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess whether PIPs and PPOs are reduced during an acute hospital admission.
Methods
All inpatients on 5 gerontological wards (1 acute, 1 subacute, 2 rehabilitation, 1 long-stay) on October 31st 2021 were eligible for inclusion. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Medication appropriateness was assessed by two assessors at admission and discharge using STOPP/START version 2. Records were consecutively reviewed according to discharge date. Ethical approval was received from the local research and innovation office (ref6275)
Results
Of 144 eligible patients, 41 were included; mean age 82.1 (SD6.8) years; 48.8% female, 95.1% under the care of geriatricians. The median length of stay was 24 (IQR10-67.5) days. Mean number of conditions was 5.6 (SD2.9) with dementia present in 22.5%. The mean number of medications increased during admission from 7.2 (SD3.2) to 9 (SD3.1); p=0.006
The number of patients prescribed at least 1 STOPP-PIP reduced by 20.6%; 82.9% (admission) vs 65.9% (discharge), p<0.001. The most common PIPs at were (i) drugs without a clear indication, 34.1% (admission) vs 14.6% (discharge), (ii) high dose proton pump inhibitors, 34.1% (admission) vs 34.1% (discharge) and (iii) Z-drugs in fallers; 17.1% (admission) vs 12.2% (discharge). Of 41 patients, 35 could have START criteria applied. START PPOs were reduced by 53%; 47.2% (admission) vs 22.2% (discharge), p=0.001. The largest improvement was seen in bone absorptive therapy (11.4% (admission) vs 2.9% (discharge) and vitamin d in those experiencing falls/osteopenia; 5.57% (admission) vs 2.9% (discharge). Of the 134 STOPP/START criteria listed, 36 (19.4%) were identified in this cohort.
Conclusion
Although the average number of medications increased, PIPs reduced significantly. Only 19.4% of STOPP/START criteria were identified, suggesting that focusing on a number of key PIPs going forward could improve prescribing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- O MokGatla
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Haupfear
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - J Cafferty
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, , Dublin, Ireland
| | - AH Lavan
- Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James’s Hospital , Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Dublin Department of Medical Gerontology, , Dublin, Ireland
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Nolan GS, Dunne JA, Lee AE, Wade RG, Kiely AL, Pritchard Jones RO, Gardiner MD, Abbassi O, Abdelaty M, Ahmed F, Ahmed R, Ali S, Allan A, Allen L, Anderson I, Bakir A, Berwick D, Sarala BBN, Bhat W, Bloom O, Bolton L, Brady N, Campbell E, Capitelli-McMahon H, Cassell O, Chalhoub X, Chalmers R, Chan J, Chu HO, Collin T, Cooper K, Curran TA, Cussons D, Daruwalla M, Dearden A, Delikonstantinou I, Dobbs T, Dunlop R, El-Muttardi N, Eleftheriadou A, Elamin SE, Eriksson S, Exton R, Fourie LR, Freethy A, Gardner E, Geh JL, Georgiou A, Georgiou M, Gilbert P, Gkorila A, Green D, Haeney J, Hamilton S, Harper F, Harrison C, Heinze Z, Hemington-Gorse S, Hever P, Hili S, Holmes W, Hughes W, Ibrahim N, Ismail A, Jallali N, James NK, Jemec B, Jica R, Kaur A, Kazzazi D, Khan M, Khan N, Khashaba H, Khera B, Khoury A, Kiely J, Kumar S, Patel PK, Kumbasar DE, Kundasamy P, Kyle D, Langridge B, Liu C, Lo M, Macdonald C, Anandan SM, Mahdi M, Mandal A, Manning A, Markeson D, Matteucci P, McClymont L, Mikhail M, Miller MC, Munro S, Musajee A, Nasrallah F, Ng L, Nicholas R, Nicola A, Nikkhah D, O'Hara N, Odili J, Oudit D, Patel A, Patel C, Patel N, Patel P, Peach H, Phillips B, Pinder R, Pinto-Lopes R, Plonczak A, Quinnen N, Rafiq S, Rahman K, Ramjeeawon A, Rinkoff S, Sainsbury D, Schumacher K, Segaren N, Shahzad F, Shariff Z, Siddiqui A, Singh P, Sludden E, Smith JRO, Song M, Stodell M, Tanos G, Taylor K, Taylor L, Thomson D, Tiernan E, Totty JP, Vaingankar N, Toh V, Wensley K, Whitehead C, Whittam A, Wiener M, Wilson A, Wong KY, Wood S, Yeoh T, Yii NW, Yim G, Young R, Zberea D, Jain A. National audit of non-melanoma skin cancer excisions performed by plastic surgery in the UK. Br J Surg 2022; 109:1040-1043. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A national, multi-centre audit of non-melanoma skin cancer excisions by plastic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant S Nolan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Fulwood, Preston , UK
| | - Jonathan A Dunne
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Charing Cross and St Mary’s Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK
| | - Alice E Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Charing Cross and St Mary’s Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK
| | - Ryckie G Wade
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Leeds , UK
| | - Ailbhe L Kiely
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Fulwood, Preston , UK
| | - Rowan O Pritchard Jones
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Whiston Hospital, St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust , Prescot , UK
| | - Matthew D Gardiner
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wexham Park Hospital, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Wexham , Slough , UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Charing Cross and St Mary’s Hospitals, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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McCarthy C, Finan P, Garrett M, Campbell E, Walker E, Beaumont E, Cade I, Mooney L, Kendrew J, Schwarz D, Schuster V, Domingo A, Holliday N, Patel V, Garcia Raposo F, Gorman T, Aillard B, Hewison S, Ehlert J, Lauterwasser J. Discovery and functional characterization of potent, balanced AXL/ MER inhibitors using a novel MER X-Ray crystal structure. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ngoi N, Lin H, Ileana Dumbrava E, Fu S, Karp D, Naing A, Pant S, Rodon J, Piha-Paul S, Subbiah V, Tsimberidou A, Campbell E, Urrutia S, Hong D, Meric-Bernstam F, Yuan Y, Yap T. 485P Correlation of clinical, genomic and hematological parameters with ATR inhibitor (ATRi) outcomes in phase I/II clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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14
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Campbell E, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Aliaga-Rossel E, Beasley I, Briceño Y, Caballero S, da Silva VMF, Gilleman C, Gravena W, Hines E, Shahnawaz Khan M, Khan U, Kreb D, Mangel JC, Marmontel M, Mei Z, Mintzer VJ, Mosquera-Guerra F, Oliveira-da_Costa MO, Paschoalini Frias M, Paudel S, Sinha RK, Smith BD, Turvey ST, Utreras V, Van Damme PA, Wang D, Sayuri Whitty T, Thurstan RH, Godley BJ. Challenges and priorities for river cetacean conservation. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2022. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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15
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Schofield M, Rodriguez D, Cassin E, Kidman A, Michaels L, Jorth P, Campbell E, Tseng B. 442: The anti-sigma factor MucA is required for viability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Payne A, Campbell E, Welman T, Pahal G, Myers S. 598 Burns Management at A UK Major Trauma Centre During The COVID-19 Lockdown. Br J Surg 2021. [PMCID: PMC8524511 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim The COVID-19 pandemic forced huge changes in healthcare delivery in the UK within a matter of weeks. We report our experience of managing burns presenting to a UK Major Trauma Centre during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Method Retrospective patient data was collected on aetiology, severity and management of burns during the first six weeks of the government-enforced lockdown. Data was compared with patients presenting with burns during the same period in 2019 (control) and statistical analysis was performed. Results Fifteen patients were treated during the COVID-19 lockdown and fourteen in the control group. Adults treated during the COVID-19 lockdown had a greater total body surface area (TBSA) (9% vs. 2.9%, p 0.035) and were more likely to suffer full thickness burns (40% vs. 0%). In the COVID-19 group all patients that did not require resuscitation, seven of whom met criteria for referral to burns services, were managed locally by the plastic surgery department with good outcomes. Conclusions Despite the increase in severity of adult burns seen during the COVID-19 lockdown period, local plastic surgery units have been able to adapt their practice and successfully manage more complex burns. This adaptability will be key as we move through the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Payne
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Campbell
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Welman
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Pahal
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Myers
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Mosquera-Guerra F, Trujillo F, Oliveira-da-Costa M, Marmontel M, Van Damme PA, Franco N, Córdova L, Campbell E, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Mena JL, Mangel JC, Oviedo JSU, Carvajal-Castro JD, Mantilla-Meluk H, Armenteras-Pascual D. Home range and movements of Amazon river dolphins Inia geoffrensis in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the variables that describe the spatial ecology of threatened species allows us to identify and prioritize areas that are critical for species conservation. To estimate the home range and core area of the Endangered (EN) Amazon river dolphin Inia geoffrensis, 23 individuals (6♀, 17♂) were tagged during the rising water period in the Amazon and Orinoco river basins between 2017 and 2018. The satellite tracking period ranged from 24 to 336 d (mean ± SE = 107 ± 15.7 d), and river dolphin movements ranged from 7.5 to 298 km (58 ± 13.4 km). Kernel density estimates were used to determine minimum home ranges at 95% (K95 = 6.2 to 233.9 km2; mean = 59 ± 13.5 km2) and core areas at 50% (K50 = 0.6 to 54.9 km2; mean = 9 ± 2.6 km2). Protected areas accounted for 45% of the K50 estimated core area. We observed dolphin individuals crossing country borders between Colombia and Peru in the Amazon basin, and between Colombia and Venezuela in the Orinoco basin. Satellite tracking allowed us to determine the different uses of riverine habitat types: main rivers (channels and bays, 52% of recorded locations), confluences (32%), lagoons (9.6%), and tributaries (6.2%). Satellite monitoring allowed us to better understand the ecological preferences of the species and demonstrated the importance of maintaining aquatic landscape heterogeneity and spatial connectivity for effective river dolphin conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mosquera-Guerra
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas-ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - F Trujillo
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - M Oliveira-da-Costa
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - Brazil, Colombia, and Peru, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - M Marmontel
- Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, 69.553-225 Tefé (AM), Brazil
| | | | - N Franco
- Fundación Omacha, 111211 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - L Córdova
- Faunagua, 31001 Sacaba-Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - E Campbell
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - J Alfaro-Shigueto
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - JL Mena
- Museo de Historia Natural Vera Alleman Haeghebaert, Universidad Ricardo Palma, 1801 Lima, Peru
| | - JC Mangel
- ProDelphinus, 15074 Lima, Peru
- School of BioSciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
- Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Cientifíca del Sur, 15067 Lima, Peru
| | - JSU Oviedo
- World Wildlife Fund (WWF) - Brazil, Colombia, and Peru, Rue Mauverney 28, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - JD Carvajal-Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Evolución, Ecología y Conservación (EECO), Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John’s University, 11366 Queens, NY, USA
| | - H Mantilla-Meluk
- Grupo de Investigación en Desarrollo y Estudio del Recurso Hídrico y el Ambiente (CIDERA), Programa de Biología, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
- Centro de Estudios de Alta Montaña, Universidad del Quindío, 630004 Armenia, Colombia
| | - D Armenteras-Pascual
- Grupo de Ecología del Paisaje y Modelación de Ecosistemas-ECOLMOD, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 111321 Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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McCluskey G, Kinney MO, Russell A, Smithson WH, Parsons L, Morrison PJ, Bromley R, MacKillop L, Heath C, Liggan B, Murphy S, Delanty N, Irwin B, Campbell E, Morrow J, Hunt SJ, Craig JJ. Zonisamide safety in pregnancy: Data from the UK and Ireland epilepsy and pregnancy register. Seizure 2021; 91:311-315. [PMID: 34273670 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal data suggest teratogenic effects with zonisamide use and risk of pregnancy losses. Human data following zonisamide exposure are presently limited, but suggest low risk of malformation with elevated risk of low birth weight. OBJECTIVE To calculate the major congenital malformation (MCM) rate of zonisamide in human pregnancy and assess for a signal of any specific malformation pattern and associations with birth weight. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data were obtained from the UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy register (UKIEPR) which is an observational, registration, and follow up study from December 1996 to July 2020. Eligibility criteria were use of zonisamide and to have been referred to the UKIEPR before the outcome of the pregnancy was known. Primary outcome was evidence of MCM. RESULTS From December 1996 through July 2020 there were 112 cases of first trimester exposure to zonisamide, including 26 monotherapy cases. There were 3 MCM for monotherapy cases (MCM rate 13.0% (95% confidence interval 4.5-32.1)), and 5 MCM for polytherapy cases (MCM rate 6.9% (95% confidence interval 3.0-15.2)). While the median birth weight was on 71st and 44th centile for monotherapy and polytherapy cases respectively, there was a high rate of infants born small for gestational age (21% for both). CONCLUSION These data raise concerns about a signal for potential teratogenicity with zonisamide in human pregnancy. Given the low numbers reported, further data will be required to adequately counsel women who use zonisamide in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - M O Kinney
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - A Russell
- Scottish Epilepsy Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - W H Smithson
- Department of General Practice, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - L Parsons
- Neurology Department, Luton & Dunstable Hospitals NHS Trust, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - P J Morrison
- Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - R Bromley
- Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - L MacKillop
- Women's Centre. Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Heath
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - B Liggan
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Murphy
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Delanty
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, and FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - J Morrow
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - S J Hunt
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
| | - J J Craig
- Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital (Belfast Health and Social Care Trust), Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom.
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19
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Bou Dagher J, Al Mansi M, Kaimal A, Rzepka K, Czaja K, Almond A, Bougouma B, Campbell E, Mohankumar P, Mohankumar S. Maternal exposure to a mixture of Bisphenol A and Diethyl Hexyl Phthalate predisposes female offspring to growth retardation and metabolic dysfunction in adulthood. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.05465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Bou Dagher
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences InstituteBiomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Maryam Al Mansi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Amrita Kaimal
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences InstituteBiomedical and Translational Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Katarzyna Rzepka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Kryzystof Czaja
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Ansley Almond
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Baobsom Bougouma
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Elyssa Campbell
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Puliyur Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences InstituteDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
| | - Sheba Mohankumar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
- Biomedical and Translational Sciences InstituteDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingCollege of Veterinary Medicine, University of GeorgiaAthensGA
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20
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Nelms SE, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Arnould JPY, Avila IC, Bengtson Nash S, Campbell E, Carter MID, Collins T, Currey RJC, Domit C, Franco-Trecu V, Fuentes MMPB, Gilman E, Harcourt RG, Hines EM, Hoelzel AR, Hooker SK, Johnston DW, Kelkar N, Kiszka JJ, Laidre KL, Mangel JC, Marsh H, Maxwell SM, Onoufriou AB, Palacios DM, Pierce GJ, Ponnampalam LS, Porter LJ, Russell DJF, Stockin KA, Sutaria D, Wambiji N, Weir CR, Wilson B, Godley BJ. Marine mammal conservation: over the horizon. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2021. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine mammals can play important ecological roles in aquatic ecosystems, and their presence can be key to community structure and function. Consequently, marine mammals are often considered indicators of ecosystem health and flagship species. Yet, historical population declines caused by exploitation, and additional current threats, such as climate change, fisheries bycatch, pollution and maritime development, continue to impact many marine mammal species, and at least 25% are classified as threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable) on the IUCN Red List. Conversely, some species have experienced population increases/recoveries in recent decades, reflecting management interventions, and are heralded as conservation successes. To continue these successes and reverse the downward trajectories of at-risk species, it is necessary to evaluate the threats faced by marine mammals and the conservation mechanisms available to address them. Additionally, there is a need to identify evidence-based priorities of both research and conservation needs across a range of settings and taxa. To that effect we: (1) outline the key threats to marine mammals and their impacts, identify the associated knowledge gaps and recommend actions needed; (2) discuss the merits and downfalls of established and emerging conservation mechanisms; (3) outline the application of research and monitoring techniques; and (4) highlight particular taxa/populations that are in urgent need of focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- SE Nelms
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - J Alfaro-Shigueto
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780e, Miraflores, Perú
- Facultad de Biologia Marina, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Perú
| | - JPY Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - IC Avila
- Grupo de Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - S Bengtson Nash
- Environmental Futures Research Institute (EFRI), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - E Campbell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780e, Miraflores, Perú
| | - MID Carter
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - T Collins
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - RJC Currey
- Marine Stewardship Council, 1 Snow Hill, London, EC1A 2DH, UK
| | - C Domit
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Marine Study Center, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| | - V Franco-Trecu
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Uruguay
| | - MMPB Fuentes
- Marine Turtle Research, Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - E Gilman
- Pelagic Ecosystems Research Group, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - RG Harcourt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - EM Hines
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, 3150 Paradise Dr. Tiburon, CA 94920, USA
| | - AR Hoelzel
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - SK Hooker
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - DW Johnston
- Duke Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - N Kelkar
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur PO, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - JJ Kiszka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Coastlines and Oceans Division, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - KL Laidre
- Polar Science Center, APL, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - JC Mangel
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
- ProDelphinus, Jose Galvez 780e, Miraflores, Perú
| | - H Marsh
- James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 48111, Australia
| | - SM Maxwell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell WA 98011, USA
| | - AB Onoufriou
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
- Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - DM Palacios
- Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - GJ Pierce
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - LS Ponnampalam
- The MareCet Research Organization, 40460 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - LJ Porter
- SMRU Hong Kong, University of St. Andrews, Hong Kong
| | - DJF Russell
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 8LB, UK
| | - KA Stockin
- Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D Sutaria
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell WA 98011, USA
| | - N Wambiji
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa-80100, Kenya
| | - CR Weir
- Ketos Ecology, 4 Compton Road, Kingsbridge, Devon, TQ7 2BP, UK
| | - B Wilson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - BJ Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK
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21
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Marshall-McKenna R, Campbell E, Ho F, Banger M, Rowe P, McAlpine C, McArthur K, Quinn TJ, Gray SR. 36 Feasibility of Resistance Exercise to Failure at Different Loads in Frail and Healthy Older Adults? Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab029.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Resistance training (RT) is the most effective way to increase muscle mass and function in older adults both with/without sarcopenia/frailty. In younger adults, when RT is performed to muscle failure the load lifted does not mediate the magnitude of response, but there are no studies in older adults. We aimed to determine the feasibility of recruitment to a RT intervention working to muscle failure at different loads in frail and healthy older adults.
Methods
We performed an 8-week randomised feasibility trial of lower limb RT to volitional muscular failure, at high and low load. Participants were recruited via hospital outpatient clinics and newspaper advertisements. Outcomes included: frailty assessment (Fried criteria); muscle strength (maximum voluntary contraction/one-repetition maximum); functional abilities (Short Physical Performance Battery); safety/adverse events were recorded via a log, and patient experiences from focus groups.
Results
110 people were assessed for eligibility, and 58 randomised (frail n = 6, prefrail n = 20, robust n = 32) to either high (n = 30) or low load (n = 28) groups. Mean age of participants was 72 years (range 65–93), 36 were female, 22 male. Session attendance was 95% (high load) and 90.4% (low load). Most participants were recruited via advertisements. All participants reported feeling safe and reassured in the RT sessions. Two participants had a serious adverse event, one related to RT (hypotension) and several had adverse events (three intervention-related). Pain was reported at both loads (high n = 9, low n = 8) yet all completed. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in effects of RT outcome variables between low and high load groups.
Conclusion
In this feasibility trial the recruitment of frail patients via clinics was limited. Performing supervised RT to muscle failure in older adults was safe/acceptable and the load at which RT was performed did not influence its efficacy. Future research into the effectiveness of such RT is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Campbell
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow
| | - F Ho
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow
| | - M Banger
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde
| | - P Rowe
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde
| | - C McAlpine
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | - K McArthur
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | - T J Quinn
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, Glasgow Royal Infirmary
| | - S R Gray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow
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22
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Campbell E, Zahoor U, Payne A, Popova D, Welman T, Pahal G, Sadigh P. The COVID-19 Pandemic: The effect on open lower limb fractures in a London major trauma centre - a plastic surgery perspective. Injury 2021; 52:402-406. [PMID: 33341244 PMCID: PMC7836854 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has created huge pressures on healthcare systems. The ongoing provision of major trauma services during this time has proved challenging. We report our experience of managing open lower limb fractures (oLLFs) during the pandemic in a London major trauma centre (MTC). METHODS This was a prospective study of all open lower limb fractures presenting to our unit over the initial 48 days of UK government lockdown - 24th March till 10th May 2020. Results were compared to the same time period in 2019 retrospectively. Epidemiological data, mechanism, Gustilo-Anderson (G-A) severity grading, time to initial debridement and definitive coverage were analysed. RESULTS There was a 64% reduction in emergency department (ED) attendances (25,264 vs 9042). There was an 18% reduction in oLLFs (22 vs 18). Approximately three-quarters of injuries were in males across both cohorts (77% vs 78%) and tended to occur in younger patients (median age, 37 vs 35). Road-traffic-accidents (RTAs) were the most common injury mechanism in both 2019 and lockdown, but a rise in jumpers from height was seen in the latter. A similar pattern of G-A severities were seen, however only 3 injuries during lockdown required major soft tissue reconstruction. There was no significant difference in times taken for initial debridement (p = 0.72786) or definitive wound coverage (p = 0.16152). A greater proportion of independent operating was seen during lockdown between orthopaedics and plastic surgery. CONCLUSIONS Despite government lockdown measures, oLLFs still placed significant burden on our MTC. Notwithstanding significant staffing alterations and theatre pressures, we have been able to ensure these lower limb emergencies remain a surgical priority and have managed to utilise resources appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Campbell
- Corresponding author at: Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS Trust Whitechapel Road London E1 1BB
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23
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Campbell E, Pillai S, Vamadeva SV, Pahal GS. Hand tendon injuries. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020; 81:1-14. [PMID: 33263471 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of hand tendon injuries. It has been tailored towards healthcare professionals who will be the first to assess these injuries and instigate appropriate management. It discusses the essential hand anatomy to be aware of, how to assess tendon injuries, their initial management and also the definitive surgical interventions used, if required. Rehabilitation techniques are also discussed, as this is also key to good functional outcomes. Missed injuries, or delay in their diagnosis and referral to specialist hand surgeons, can cause a large amount of morbidity for patients and therefore it is important that they are picked up in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Pillai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - S V Vamadeva
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - G S Pahal
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Pillai S, Campbell E, Mifsud A, Vamadeva SV, Pahal GS. Hand infections. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2020; 81:1-14. [PMID: 33263466 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The hand is an extremely versatile organ adapted for fine tasks with various clinicoanatomical compartments. This article reviews the types of common hand infections that present to the emergency department and/or hand surgeon, with relevant investigations and strategies for diagnosis and treatment, with the emphasis on distinguishing between superficial and more serious infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pillai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Mifsud
- Department of Microbiology, Whipps Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - S V Vamadeva
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - G S Pahal
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Lezcano-Gonzalez I, Campbell E, Hoffman AEJ, Bocus M, Sazanovich IV, Towrie M, Agote-Aran M, Gibson EK, Greenaway A, De Wispelaere K, Van Speybroeck V, Beale AM. Insight into the effects of confined hydrocarbon species on the lifetime of methanol conversion catalysts. Nat Mater 2020; 19:1081-1087. [PMID: 32929250 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The methanol-to-hydrocarbons reaction refers collectively to a series of important industrial catalytic processes to produce either olefins or gasoline. Mechanistically, methanol conversion proceeds through a 'pool' of hydrocarbon species. For the methanol-to-olefins process, these species can be delineated broadly into 'desired' lighter olefins and 'undesired' heavier fractions that cause deactivation in a matter of hours. The crux in further catalyst optimization is the ability to follow the formation of carbonaceous species during operation. Here, we report the combined results of an operando Kerr-gated Raman spectroscopic study with state-of-the-art operando molecular simulations, which allowed us to follow the formation of hydrocarbon species at various stages of methanol conversion. Polyenes are identified as crucial intermediates towards formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, with their fate determined largely by the zeolite topology. Notably, we provide the missing link between active and deactivating species, which allows us to propose potential design rules for future-generation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Lezcano-Gonzalez
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK.
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK.
| | - E Campbell
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - A E J Hoffman
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - M Bocus
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - I V Sazanovich
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - M Towrie
- Central Laser Facility, STFC, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - M Agote-Aran
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - E K Gibson
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Greenaway
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - K De Wispelaere
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - V Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - A M Beale
- Chemistry Department, University College London, London, UK.
- UK Catalysis Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK.
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Alhalabi O, Hahn A, Msaouel P, Meric-Bernstam F, Naing A, Piha-Paul S, Janku F, Pant S, Yap T, Hong D, Fu S, Karp D, Campbell E, Campbell M, Shah A, Tannir N, Siefker-Radtke A, Gao J, Roszik J, Subbiah V. 779P Validation of prognostic scores in patients with metastatic bladder carcinoma (mBC) enrolled in early phase clinical trials. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Dagher JB, Campbell E, Kaimal A, Hahn-Townsend C, Al Mansi MH, Tran D, Laurent C, Bacak C, Cambric C, Henriquez J, Spivey J, Buechter H, Chuang YJ, Mohankumar P, Mohankumar S. Independent and Combined Effects of Bisphenol A and Diethylhexyl Phthalate on Gestational Outcomes and Offspring Development in Sprague‐Dawley Rats. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kommer M, Campbell E, Canty M. Prior endoscopic third ventriculostomy does not increase ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure rate. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1159-1163. [PMID: 31073683 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether prior endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) influences the failure rate of subsequently placed ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts. METHODS Our institution's operative database and patient records were reviewed retrospectively to identify all paediatric patients who had undergone a first VP shunt or ETV at our institution between January 2012 and December 2015. Data was analysed using the Microsoft Excel, GraphPad Prism v7 and SPSS statistics. The literature on this topic to date was also reviewed. RESULTS Eighty-six children were included in the study: 61 patients had a primary VP shunt inserted during the study period and 25 had a VP shunt inserted following failed ETV. There was no significant difference in the underlying aetiology or age of the patients in each group. In the primary VP shunt group, 47.5% (29 patients) required shunt removal at an average of 274 days post-insertion (range 7 days to 3.4 years). The 1-year revision rate was 34.4%. In the shunt post-ETV group, 48% (12 patients) required shunt removal at an average of 207 days post-insertion (range 2 days to 2.7 years). The 1-year revision rate was 36%. The most common reason for revision in both groups was blockage. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant difference in failure rate or pattern between primarily inserted VP shunts and those inserted following an endoscopic third ventriculostomy. On the basis of this study and the small number of previously reported studies, we would advocate a trial of ETV where feasible to allow a chance at shunt independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kommer
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, G51 4TF, UK.
| | - E Campbell
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, G51 4TF, UK
| | - M Canty
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital and Royal Hospital for Children, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, G51 4TF, UK
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Elgammal S, Campbell E, Tovey S, Henderson S, Kelly J, Coldeway J, Reid J. Introducing magnetic seed localisation for impalpable breast cancer; A pioneering Scottish experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.10.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Campbell E, Hasan MT, Pho C, Callaghan K, Akkaraju GR, Naumov AV. Graphene Oxide as a Multifunctional Platform for Intracellular Delivery, Imaging, and Cancer Sensing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:416. [PMID: 30674914 PMCID: PMC6344482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), the most common derivative of graphene, is an exceptional nanomaterial that possesses multiple physical properties critical for biomedical applications. GO exhibits pH-dependent fluorescence emission in the visible/near-infrared, providing a possibility of molecular imaging and pH-sensing. It is also water soluble and has a substantial platform for functionalization, allowing for the delivery of multiple therapeutics. GO physical properties are modified to enhance cellular internalization, producing fluorescent nanoflakes with low (<15%) cytotoxicity at the imaging concentrations of 15 μg/mL. As a result, at lower flake sizes GO rapidly internalizes into HeLa cells with the following 70% fluorescence based clearance at 24 h, assessed by its characteristic emission in red/near-IR. pH-dependence of GO emission is utilized to provide the sensing of acidic extracellular environments of cancer cells. The results demonstrate diminishing green/red (550/630 nm) fluorescence intensity ratios for HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells in comparison to HEK-293 healthy cells suggesting a potential use of GO as a non-invasive optical sensor for cancer microenvironments. The results of this work demonstrate the potential of GO as a novel multifunctional platform for therapeutic delivery, biological imaging and cancer sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Md Tanvir Hasan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Christine Pho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - K Callaghan
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - G R Akkaraju
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - A V Naumov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
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O'Brien KM, Wiggers J, Williams A, Campbell E, Hodder RK, Wolfenden L, Yoong SL, Robson EK, Haskins R, Kamper SJ, Rissel C, Williams CM. Telephone-based weight loss support for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:485-494. [PMID: 29330101 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of telephone-based weight loss support in reducing the intensity of knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis, who are overweight or obese, compared to usual care. DESIGN We conducted a parallel randomised controlled trial (RCT), embedded within a cohort multiple RCT of patients on a waiting list for outpatient orthopaedic consultation at a tertiary referral hospital in NSW, Australia. Patients with knee osteoarthritis, classified as overweight or obese [body mass index (BMI) between ≥27 kg/m2 and <40 kg/m2] were randomly allocated to receive referral to an existing non-disease specific government funded 6-month telephone-based weight management and healthy lifestyle service or usual care. The primary outcome was knee pain intensity measured using an 11-point numerical rating scale (NRS) over 6-month follow-up. A number of secondary outcomes, including self-reported weight were measured. Data analysis was by intention-to-treat according to a pre-published analysis plan. RESULTS Between May 19 and June 30 2015, 120 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention (59 analysed, one post-randomisation exclusion) or usual care (60 analysed). We found no statistically significant between group differences in pain intensity [area under the curve (AUC), mean difference 5.4, 95%CI: -13.7 to 24.5, P = 0.58] or weight change at 6 months (self-reported; mean difference -0.4, 95%CI: -2.6 to 1.8, P = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with knee osteoarthritis who are overweight, telephone-based weight loss support, provided using an existing 6-month weight management and healthy lifestyle service did not reduce knee pain intensity or weight, compared with usual care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12615000490572.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M O'Brien
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - J Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - A Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - E Campbell
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - R K Hodder
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - L Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - S L Yoong
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - E K Robson
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
| | - R Haskins
- Outpatient Services, John Hunter Hospital, Hunter New England Local Health District, Locked Bag 1, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia.
| | - S J Kamper
- Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia; Musculoskeletal Health Sydney, University of Sydney, Lvl 10, King George V Building, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, UK.
| | - C Rissel
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool Hospital, South West Sydney Local Health District, Locked Bag 7279, Liverpool, BC 1871, Australia.
| | - C M Williams
- Hunter New England Population Health, Locked Bag 10, Wallsend, NSW, 2287, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia; Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, NSW, Australia.
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Peppercorn J, Campbell E, Rabin J, Quain K, Hlubocky F, Colyar D, Sequist L, Bardia A, Horick N, Isakoff S, Mathews D. Abstract PD8-06: Attitudes towards use of archived biospecimens among patients with cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-pd8-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Oncology research increasingly involves biospecimen collection and data-sharing. Ethical questions have emerged when researchers seek to use archived biospecimens for purposes that were not well defined in the original informed consent document (ICD). We sought to inform ongoing debates by assessing patient views on these issues.
Methods: We administered a cross-sectional self administered anonymous paper survey among patients at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center. Survey questions addressed attitudes towards cancer research and willingness to donate biospecimens, expectations regarding use of biospecimens and protections of research participants, and preferences regarding specific ethical dilemmas regarding use of archived biospecimens. Results are descriptive with comparisons among participants on the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.
Results: 187 patients offered participation agreed and returned the survey (Response rate 66%). Mean age was 59 (range 2 to 91), 81% were women, 86% were white, and 81% were college educated. Among all participants, 67% had breast cancer and 33% metastatic disease. 34% had participated in a clinical trial, 27% had donated tissue for research and 93% indicated willingness to donate tissue for research. The vast majority of participants (94%) expected both that donated tissue would be used to help as many patients as possible and (92%) that privacy of a donors health information would be carefully protected. 33% expected that donated tissue would only be used for research they specifically approved and 44% that data would not be shared with other researchers. We presented 3 hypothetical scenarios in which researchers sought to use stored biospecimens from a breast cancer clinical trial for future research that was not described in the original iICD. For scenario 1, in which the ICD stated tissue would only be used for breast cancer research, 75% supported use of tissue to study other cancers as well. For scenario 2, in which the ICD specified somatic genetic research only, 89% supported use of tissue for germline research if deemed important by investigators. For scenario 3, in which the ICD stated that data would not be shared beyond the investigators, 72% supported data sharing within a national data repository. Only 28% of participants endorsed concerns that a patient could be identified from their genetic information and 12% were concerned with potential harms from donation to biobanks. However, 38% felt that they owned their tissue and should control how it is used. We did not detect significant differences in responses on the basis of sociodemographic characteristics, cancer type, disease stage, or research experience.
Conclusion: Patients with cancer are highly supportive of tissue donation for research and expect that donated tissue will be used to to maximize scientific results. They also expect that interests of research participants will be protected. When there is uncertainly regarding the use of archived biospecimens based on historical ICD and inability to recontact research participants, the interest of participants in seeing productive use of their tissue for science should be considered.
Citation Format: Peppercorn J, Campbell E, Rabin J, Quain K, Hlubocky F, Colyar D, Sequist L, Bardia A, Horick N, Isakoff S, Mathews D. Attitudes towards use of archived biospecimens among patients with cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PD8-06.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Peppercorn
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - E Campbell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J Rabin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - K Quain
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - F Hlubocky
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D Colyar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - L Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - A Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - N Horick
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - S Isakoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - D Mathews
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Sutherland R, Campbell E, Lubans D, Morgan P, Nathan N, Okely A, Gillham K, Davies L, Wiggers J. ‘Physical Activity 4 Everyone’ cluster RCT: 24-month physical activity outcomes of a school-based physical activity intervention targeting adolescents. Overall and school day physical activity outcomes. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Davies L, Sutherland R, Campbell E, Nathan N, Wolfenden L, Gillham K, Wiggers J. Longitudinal changes in adolescent sedentary behaviour in a school day. J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Differences in psychological well-being between participants in wheelchair sport with congenital ( n = 50) and acquired ( n = 43) disabilities were examined. Psychological well-being was assessed by scores on mood, trait anxiety, self-esteem, and mastery. Analysis showed that the group with acquired disabilities had a more positive general mood, higher self-esteem and mastery, and lower trait anxiety than the group with congenital disabilities. This suggests that sports participants in wheelchairs who acquired their disabilities later in life have more positive scores on psychological well-being than those with congenital disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Department of Physical Education, Sport Science, and Recreation Management, Loughborough University, UK
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Theron BT, Padmanabhan H, Aladin H, Smith P, Campbell E, Nightingale P, Cooper BT, Trudgill NJ. The risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a prospectively recruited Barrett's oesophagus cohort. United European Gastroenterol J 2016; 4:754-761. [PMID: 28408992 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616632419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varying rates of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) complicating Barrett's oesophagus (BO) have been reported. Recent studies and meta-analyses suggest a lower incidence, questioning the value of endoscopic surveillance. AIM We aimed to retrospectively examine the rate of OAC, risk factors and causes of death in a prospectively recruited BO cohort. METHODS Data from patients with BO from a cohort from 1982-2007 were studied. Patients were subdivided into surveyed, failed to attend surveillance and unfit for surveillance. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated for common causes of death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine which factors were associated with progression to OAC. RESULTS In total, 671 BO patients (61% male) were studied; 37 (76% male) were diagnosed with OAC. OAC incidence was 0.47% per annum and stable across three decades (1982-1991 0.56%, 1992-2001 0.46%, 2002-2012 0.41% (p = 0.8)). All-cause mortality was increased for the whole cohort (SMR 163(95% CI 145-183)). Mortality from OAC appeared higher in patients who failed to attend surveillance (SMR 3216(95% CI 1543-5916)) compared with surveyed (SMR 1753(95% CI 933-2998)) and those unfit for surveillance due to co-morbidity (SMR 440(95% CI 143-1025)). Multivariable analysis identified low-grade dysplasia (HR 4.4(95% CI 1.56-12.43), p = 0.005) and length of BO (HR 1.2(95% (1.1-1.3)), p < 0.001)) as associated with OAC. CONCLUSIONS Progression to OAC appeared stable over three decades at 0.47% per annum. Patients with BO had a modest increase in all-cause mortality and a large increase in OAC mortality, particularly if fit for surveillance. Low-grade dysplasia and the length of the BO segment were associated with developing OAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Theron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - H Padmanabhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - H Aladin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - P Smith
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - E Campbell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
| | - P Nightingale
- Welcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospitals Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - B T Cooper
- Gastroenterology Unit, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - N J Trudgill
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sandwell General Hospital, West Bromwich, UK
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Campbell E, Kennedy F, Russell A, Smithson WH, Parsons L, Morrison PJ, Liggan B, Irwin B, Delanty N, Hunt SJ, Craig J, Morrow J. Malformation risks of antiepileptic drug monotherapies in pregnancy: updated results from the UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy Registers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:1029-34. [PMID: 24444855 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-306318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs). The magnitude of this risk varies by AED exposure. Here we provide updated results from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register of the risk of MCMs after monotherapy exposure to valproate, carbamazepine and lamotrigine. METHODS Fifteen-year prospective observational study from 1996 until 2012. The main outcome measure is the MCM rate. RESULTS Informative outcomes were available for 5206 cases. 1290 women were exposed to valproate monotherapy, 1718 to carbamazepine monotherapy and 2198 to lamotrigine monotherapy. The MCM risk with valproate monotherapy exposure in utero was 6.7% (95% CI 5.5% to 8.3%) compared with 2.6% with carbamazepine (95% CI 1.9% to 3.5%) and 2.3% with lamotrigine (95% CI 1.8% to 3.1%). A significant dose effect was seen with valproate (p=0.0006) and carbamazepine (p=0.03) exposed pregnancies. A non-significant trend towards higher MCM rate with increasing dose was found with lamotrigine. MCM rate for high-dose lamotrigine (>400 mg daily) was lower than the MCM rate for pregnancies exposed to <600 mg daily of valproate, but this was not significant (3.4% vs 5.0%, p=0.31). CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure to valproate carries a significantly higher MCM risk than lamotrigine (p=0.0001) and carbamazepine (p=0.0001) monotherapy. In contrast to prior findings, high-dose lamotrigine was associated with fewer MCMs than all doses of valproate. While lamotrigine has a favourable profile compared with valproate for adverse pregnancy outcomes, the requirements for seizure control should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - F Kennedy
- Institute of Neurology, University College London
| | - A Russell
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - W H Smithson
- Academic Unit of Primary Medical Care, Samuel Fox House, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Parsons
- Neurology Department, Luton & Dunstable Hospitals NHS Trust, Luton, UK
| | - P J Morrison
- Department of Medical Genetics, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - B Liggan
- RSCI, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Irwin
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - N Delanty
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, UK
| | - S J Hunt
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - J Craig
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
| | - J Morrow
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Co Antrim, UK
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Campbell E, Ayala-Cabrera D, Izquierdo J, Pérez-García R, Tavera M. Water Supply Network Sectorization Based on Social Networks Community Detection Algorithms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Campbell E, Hunt S, Kinney MO, Guthrie E, Smithson WH, Parsons L, Irwin B, Morrison PJ, Morrow J, Craig J, Russell AJ. The effect of socioeconomic status on treatment and pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy in Scotland. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 28:354-7. [PMID: 23827318 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the background population, people with epilepsy tend to have lower rates of education and employment, lower rates of marriage and childbearing, and lower overall socioeconomic status (SES). Disparities in epilepsy care based on sociodemographic factors have been observed in the literature, but it is not known whether any such disparities exist in the UK. The UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register is a prospective, observational, registration and follow-up study that was set up to determine the relative safety of all AEDs taken in pregnancy. Here, we report outcomes of registered pregnancies to women with epilepsy living in Scotland from December 1996 to June 2012, based on the degree of socioeconomic deprivation of their postcode area. The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintile scores from 2006 were used to determine degree of socioeconomic deprivation, and group 1 (most deprived) and group 5 (least deprived) were compared. There were 1526 pregnancies with complete outcome data to women living in Scotland. Of these, 1453 (95.1%) resulted in a live birth and 68 (4.7%) had a major congenital malformation (MCM). Postcodes could not be reliably identified or verified for an additional three women, who have been excluded from SIMD group analysis. Of all women included in this study, 32.4% were in group 1 and 13.2% in group 5. No difference in MCM rate was observed between the two groups (4.4% in group 1 compared to 4.7% in group 5, p=0.84). Women in group 5 were more likely to take preconceptual folic acid (56.8% compared to 14.0%, relative risk: 4.1; 95% CI: 3.1-5.2) and less likely to have generalized tonic-clonic seizures in pregnancy (13.0% compared to 29.2%, relative risk: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.3-0.7) than those in group 1. Women in group 5 were more likely to be on monotherapy regimens (80.2% compared to 65.9%, relative risk: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3), less likely to be on valproate (19.5% compared to 28.0%, p=0.05), and more likely to be on lower doses of the drug (825.9mg/day compared to 1012.0mg/day, p=0.05) compared to those in group 1. Although no change in MCM rate was seen based on SES, differences in treatment between socioeconomic groups do exist, particularly for preconceptual folic acid consumption, AED regimen, and seizure frequency. Greater emphasis on the importance of preconceptual counseling, both to discuss AED choice and folic acid intake, would be of benefit, particularly to those living in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation, to improve equity of healthcare delivery for women with epilepsy in Scotland.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Campbell
- Neurology Department, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, UK
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Fayolle G, Levick W, Lajiness-O'Neill R, Fastenau P, Briskin S, Bass N, Silva M, Critchfield E, Nakase-Richardson R, Hertza J, Loughan A, Perna R, Northington S, Boyd S, Anderson A, Peery S, Chafetz M, Maris M, Ramezani A, Sylvester C, Goldberg K, Constantinou M, Karekla M, Hall J, Edwards M, Balldin V, Strutt A, Pavlik V, Marquez de la Plata C, Cullum M, lacritz L, Reisch J, Massman P, Royall D, Barber R, Younes S, Wiechmann A, O'Bryant S, Patel K, Suhr J, Patel K, Suhr J, Chari S, Yokoyama J, Bettcher B, Karydas A, Miller B, Kramer J, Zec R, Fritz S, Kohlrus S, Robbs R, Ala T, Gifford K, Cantwell N, Romano R, Jefferson A, Holland A, Newton S, Bunting J, Coe M, Carmona J, Harrison D, Puente A, Terry D, Faraco C, Brown C, Patel A, Watts A, Kent A, Siegel J, Miller S, Ernst W, Chelune G, Holdnack J, Sheehan J, Duff K, Pedraza O, Crawford J, Terry D, Puente A, Brown C, Faraco C, Watts A, Patel A, Kent A, Siegel J, Miller L, Younes S, Hobson Balldin V, Benavides H, Johnson L, Hall J, Tshuma L, O'Bryant S, Dezhkam N, Hayes L, Love C, Stephens B, Webbe F, Allen C, Lemann E, Davis A, Pierson E, Lutz J, Piehl J, Holler K, Kavanaugh B, Tayim F, Llanes S, Mulligan K, Poston K, Riccio C, Beathard J, Cohen M, Stolberg P, Hart J, Jones W, Mayfield J, Allen D, Weller J, Dunham K, Demireva P, McInerney K, Suhr J, Dykstra J, Riddle T, Suhr J, Primus M, Riccio C, Highsmith J, Everhart D, Shadi S, Lehockey K, Sullivan S, Lucas M, Mandava S, Murphy B, Donovick P, Lalwani L, Rosselli M, Coad S, Carrasco R, Sofko C, Scarisbrick D, Golden C, Coad S, Zuckerman S, Golden C, Perna R, Loughan A, Hertza J, Brand J, Rivera Mindt M, Denney R, Schaffer S, Alper K, Devinsky O, Barr W, Langer K, Fraiman J, Scagliola J, Roman E, Martinez A, Cohen M, Dunham K, Riccio C, Martin P, Robbins J, Golden C, Axelrod B, Etherton J, Konopacki K, Moses J, Juliano A, Whiteside D, Rolin S, Widmann G, Franzwa M, Sokal B, Mark V, Doyle K, Morgan E, Weber E, Bondi M, Delano-Wood L, Grant I, Sibson J, Woods S, Andrews P, McGregor S, Golden C, Etherton J, Allen C, Cormier R, Cumley N, Elek M, Green M, Ogbeide S, Kruger A, Pacheco L, Robinson G, Welch H, Etherton J, Allen C, Cormier R, Cumley N, Kruger A, Pacheco L, Glover M, Parriott D, Jones W, Loe S, Hughes L, Natta L, Moses J, Vincent A, Roebuck-Spencer T, Bryan C, Padua M, Denney R, Moses J, Quenicka W, McGoldirck K, Bennett T, Soper H, Collier S, Connolly M, Hanratty A, Di Pinto M, Magnuson S, Dunham K, Handel E, Davidson K, Livers E, Frantz S, Allen J, Jerard T, Moses J, Pierce S, Sakhai S, Newton S, Warchol A, Holland A, Bunting J, Coe M, Carmona J, Harrison D, Barney S, Thaler N, Sutton G, Strauss G, Allen D, Hunter B, Bennett T, Quenicka W, McGoldrick K, Soper H, Sordahl J, Torrence N, John S, Gavett B, O'Bryant S, Shadi S, Denney R, Nichols C, Riccio C, Cohen M, Dennison A, Wasserman T, Schleicher-Dilks S, Adler M, Golden C, Olivier T, Schleicher-Dilks S, Golden C, LeMonda B, McGinley J, Pritchett A, Chang L, Cloak C, Cunningham E, Lohaugen G, Skranes J, Ernst T, Parke E, Thaler N, Etcoff L, Allen D, Andrews P, McGregor S, Golden C, Northington S, Daniels R, Loughan A, Perna R, Hertza J, Hochsztein N, Miles-Mason E, Granader Y, Vasserman M, MacAllister W, Casto B, Peery S, Patrick K, Hurewitz F, Chute D, Booth A, Koch C, Roid G, Balkema N, Kiefel J, Bell L, Maerlender A, Belkin T, Katzenstein J, Semerjian C, Culotta V, Band E, Yosick R, Burns T, Arenivas A, Bearden D, Olson K, Jacobson K, Ubogy S, Sterling C, Taub E, Griffin A, Rickards T, Uswatte G, Davis D, Sweeney K, Llorente A, Boettcher A, Hill B, Ploetz D, Kline J, Rohling M, O'Jile J, Holler K, Petrauskas V, Long J, Casey J, Long J, Petrauskas V, Duda T, Hodsman S, Casey J, Stricker S, Martner S, Hansen R, Ferraro F, Tangen R, Hanratty A, Tanabe M, O'Callaghan E, Houskamp B, McDonald L, Pick L, Guardino D, Pick L, Pietz T, Kayser K, Gray R, Letteri A, Crisologo A, Witkin G, Sanders J, Mrazik M, Harley A, Phoong M, Melville T, La D, Gomez R, Berthelson L, Robbins J, Lane E, Golden C, Rahman P, Konopka L, Fasfous A, Zink D, Peralta-Ramirez N, Perez-Garcia M, Puente A, Su S, Lin G, Kiely T, Gomez R, Schatzberg A, Keller J, Dykstra J, Suhr J, Feigon M, Renteria L, Fong M, Piper L, Lee E, Vordenberg J, Contardo C, Magnuson S, Doninger N, Luton L, Balkema N, Drane D, Phelan A, Stricker W, Poreh A, Wolkenberg F, Spira J, Lin G, Su S, Kiely T, Gomez R, Schatzberg A, Keller J, DeRight J, Jorgensen R, Fitzpatrick L, Crowe S, Woods S, Doyle K, Weber E, Cameron M, Cattie J, Cushman C, Grant I, Blackstone K, Woods S, Weber E, Grant I, Moore D, Roberg B, Somogie M, Thelen J, Lovelace C, Bruce J, Gerstenecker A, Mast B, Litvan I, Hargrave D, Schroeder R, Buddin W, Baade L, Heinrichs R, Thelen J, Roberg B, Somogie M, Lovelace C, Bruce J, Boseck J, Berry K, Koehn E, Davis A, Meyer B, Gelder B, Sussman Z, Espe-Pfeifer P, Musso M, Barker A, Jones G, Gouvier W, Weber E, Woods S, Grant I, Johnson V, Zaytsev L, Freier-Randall M, Sutton G, Thaler N, Ringdahl E, Allen D, Olsen J, Byrd D, Rivera-Mindt M, Fellows R, Morgello S, Wheaton V, Jaehnert S, Ellis C, Olavarria H, Loftis J, Huckans M, Pimental P, Frawley J, Welch M, Jennette K, Rinehardt E, Schoenberg M, Strober L, Genova H, Wylie G, DeLuca J, Chiaravalloti N, Hertza J, Loughan A, Perna R, Northington S, Boyd S, Hertza J, Loughan A, Perna R, Northington S, Boyd S, Ibrahim E, Seiam A, Ibrahim E, Bohlega S, Rinehardt E, Lloyd H, Goldberg M, Marceaux J, Fallows R, McCoy K, Yehyawi N, Luther E, Hilsabeck R, Fulton R, Stevens P, Erickson S, Dodzik P, Williams R, Dsurney J, Najafizadeh L, McGovern J, Chowdhry F, Acevedo A, Bakhtiar A, Karamzadeh N, Amyot F, Gandjbakhche A, Haddad M, Taub E, Johnson M, Wade J, Harper L, Rickards T, Sterling C, Barghi A, Uswatte G, Mark V, Balkema N, Christopher G, Marcus D, Spady M, Bloom J, Wiechmann A, Hall J, Loughan A, Perna R, Hertza J, Northington S, Zimmer A, Webbe F, Miller M, Schuster D, Ebner H, Mortimer B, Webbe F, Palmer G, Happe M, Paxson J, Jurek B, Graca J, Meyers J, Lange R, Brickell T, French L, Lange R, Iverson G, Shewchuk J, Madler B, Heran M, Brubacher J, Brickell T, Lange R, Ivins B, French L, Baldassarre M, Paper T, Herrold A, Chin A, Zgaljardic D, Oden K, Lambert M, Dickson S, Miller R, Plenger P, Jacobson K, Olson K, Sutherland E, Glatts C, Schatz P, Walker K, Philip N, McClaughlin S, Mooney S, Seats E, Carnell V, Raintree J, Brown D, Hodges C, Amerson E, Kennedy C, Moore J, Schatz P, Ferris C, Roebuck-Spencer T, Vincent A, Bryan C, Catalano D, Warren A, Monden K, Driver S, Chau P, Seegmiller R, Baker M, Malach S, Mintz J, Villarreal R, Peterson A, Leininger S, Strong C, Donders J, Merritt V, Vargas G, Rabinowitz A, Arnett P, Whipple E, Schultheis M, Robinson K, Iacovone D, Biester R, Alfano D, Nicholls M, Vargas G, Rabinowitz A, Arnett P, Rabinowitz A, Vargas G, Arnett P, Klas P, Jeffay E, Zakzanis K, Vandermeer M, Jeffay E, Zakzanis K, Womble M, Rohling M, Hill B, Corley E, Considine C, Fichtenberg N, Harrison J, Pollock M, Mouanoutoua A, Brimager A, Lebby P, Sullivan K, Edmed S, Silva M, Nakase-Richardson R, Critchfield E, Kieffer K, McCarthy M, Wiegand L, Lindsey H, Hernandez M, Puente A, Noniyeva Y, Lapis Y, Padua M, Poole J, Brooks B, McKay C, Mrazik M, Meeuwisse W, Emery C, Brooks B, Mazur-Mosiewicz A, Sherman E, Brooks B, Mazur-Mosiewicz A, Kirkwood M, Sherman E, Gunner J, Miele A, Silk-Eglit G, Lynch J, McCaffrey R, Stewart J, Tsou J, Scarisbrick D, Chan R, Bure-Reyes A, Cortes L, Gindy S, Golden C, Hunter B, Biddle C, Shah D, Jaberg P, Moss R, Horner M, VanKirk K, Dismuke C, Turner T, Muzzy W, Dunnam M, Miele A, Warner G, Donnelly K, Donnelly J, Kittleson J, Bradshaw C, Alt M, Margolis S, Ostroy E, Rolin S, Higgins K, Denney R, Rolin S, Eng K, Biddle C, Akeson S, Wall J, Davis J, Hansel J, Hill B, Rohling M, Wang B, Womble M, Gervais R, Greiffenstein M, Denning J, Denning J, Schroeder R, Buddin W, Hargrave D, VonDran E, Campbell E, Brockman C, Heinrichs R, Baade L, Buddin W, Hargrave D, Schroeder R, Teichner G, Waid R, Buddin W, Schroeder R, Teichner G, Waid R, Buican B, Armistead-Jehle P, Bailie J, Dilay A, Cottingham M, Boyd C, Asmussen S, Neff J, Schalk S, Jensen L, DenBoer J, Hall S, DenBoer J, Schalk S, Jensen L, Hall S, Miele A, Lynch J, McCaffrey R, Holcomb E, Axelrod B, Demakis G, Rimland C, Ward J, Ross M, Bailey M, Stubblefield A, Smigielski J, Geske J, Karpyak V, Reese C, Larrabee G, Suhr J, Silk-Eglit G, Gunner J, Miele A, Lynch J, McCaffrey R, Allen L, Celinski M, Gilman J, Davis J, Wall J, LaDuke C, DeMatteo D, Heilbrun K, Swirsky-Sacchetti T, Lindsey H, Puente A, Dedman A, Withers K, Chafetz M, Deneen T, Denney R, Fisher J, Spray B, Savage R, Wiener H, Tyer J, Ningaonkar V, Devlin B, Go R, Sharma V, Tsou J, Golden C, Fontanetta R, Calderon C, Coad S, Golden C, Calderon C, Fontaneta R, Coad S, Golden C, Ringdahl E, Thaler N, Sutton G, Vertinski M, Allen D, Verbiest R, Thaler N, Snyder J, Kinney J, Allen D, Rach A, Young J, Crouse E, Schretlen D, Weaver J, Buchholz A, Gordon B, Macciocchi S, Seel R, Godsall R, Brotsky J, DiRocco A, Houghton-Faryna E, Bolinger E, Hollenbeck C, Hart J, Thaler N, Vertinski M, Ringdahl E, Allen D, Lee B, Strauss G, Adams J, Martins D, Catalano L, Waltz J, Gold J, Haas G, Brown L, Luther J, Goldstein G, Kiely T, Kelley E, Lin G, Su S, Raba C, Gomez R, Trettin L, Solvason H, Schatzberg A, Keller J, Vertinski M, Thaler N, Allen D, Gold J, Buchanan R, Strauss G, Baldock D, Ringdahl E, Sutton G, Thaler N, Allen D, Fallows R, Marceaux J, McCoy K, Yehyawi N, Luther E, Hilsabeck R, Etherton J, Phelps T, Richmond S, Tapscott B, Thomlinson S, Cordeiro L, Wilkening G, Parikh M, Graham L, Grosch M, Hynan L, Weiner M, Cullum C, Hobson Balldin V, Menon C, Younes S, Hall J, Strutt A, Pavlik V, Marquez de la Plata C, Cullum M, Lacritz L, Reisch J, Massman P, Royall D, Barber R, O'Bryant S, Castro-Couch M, Irani F, Houshyarnejad A, Norman M, Peery S, Fonseca F, Bure-Reyes A, Browne B, Alvarez J, Jiminez Y, Baez V, Cortes L, Golden C, Fonseca F, Bure-Reyes A, Coad S, Alvarez J, Browne B, Baez V, Golden C, Resendiz C, Scott B, Farias G, York M, Lozano V, Mahoney M, Strutt A, Hernandez Mejia M, Puente A, Bure-Reyes A, Fonseca F, Baez V, Alvarez J, Browne B, Coad S, Jiminez Y, Cortes L, Golden C, Bure-Reyes A, Pacheco E, Homs A, Acevedo A, Ownby R, Nici J, Hom J, Lutz J, Dean R, Finch H, Pierce S, Moses J, Mann S, Feinberg J, Choi A, Kaminetskaya M, Pierce C, Zacharewicz M, Axelrod B, Gavett B, Horwitz J, Edwards M, O'Bryant S, Ory J, Gouvier W, Carbuccia K, Ory J, Carbuccia K, Gouvier W, Morra L, Garcon S, Lucas M, Donovick P, Whearty K, Campbell K, Camlic S, Donovick P, Edwards M, Balldin V, Hall J, Strutt A, Pavlik V, Marquez de la Plata C, Cullum C, Lacritz L, Reisch J, Massman P, Barber R, Royall D, Younes S, O'Bryant S, Brinckman D, Schultheis M, Ehrhart L, Weisser V, Medaglia J, Merzagora A, Reckess G, Ho T, Testa S, Gordon B, Schretlen D, Woolery H, Farcello C, Klimas N, Thaler N, Allen D, Meyer J, Vargas G, Rabinowitz A, Barwick F, Arnett P, Womble M, Rohling M, Hill B, Corley E, Drayer K, Rohling M, Ploetz D, Womble M, Hill B, Baldock D, Ringdahl E, Sutton G, Thaler N, Allen D, Galusha J, Schmitt A, Livingston R, Stewart R, Quarles L, Pagitt M, Barke C, Baker A, Baker N, Cook N, Ahern D, Correia S, Resnik L, Barnabe K, Gnepp D, Benjamin M, Zlatar Z, Garcia A, Harnish S, Crosson B, Rickards T, Mark V, Taub E, Sterling C, Vaughan L, Uswatte G, Fedio A, Sexton J, Cummings S, Logemann A, Lassiter N, Fedio P, Gremillion A, Nemeth D, Whittington T, Hansen R, Reckow J, Ferraro F, Lewandowski C, Cole J, Lewandowski A, Spector J, Ford-Johnson L, Lengenfelder J, Genova H, Sumowski J, DeLuca J, Chiaravalloti N, Loughan A, Perna R, Hertza J, Morse C, McKeever J, Zhao L, Leist T, Schultheis M, Marcinak J, Piecora K, Al-Khalil K, Webbe F, Mulligan K, Robbins J, Berthelson L, Martin P, Golden C, Piecora K, Marcinak J, Al-Khalil K, Webbe F, Mulligan K, Stewart J, Acevedo A, Ownby R, Thompson L, Kowalczyk W, Golub S, Davis A, Lemann E, Piehl J, Rita N, Moss L, Davis A, Boseck J, Berry K, Koehn E, Meyer B, Gelder B, Davis A, Nogin R, Moss L, Drapeau C, Malm S, Davis A, Lemann E, Koehn E, Drapeau C, Malm S, Boseck J, Armstrong L, Glidewell R, Orr W, Mears G. Grand Rounds. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acs070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hayward A, McLanders J, Campbell E, Edwards D, Batley J. Genomic advances will herald new insights into the Brassica: Leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2012; 14 Suppl 1:1-10. [PMID: 21973193 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The study of the relationship between plants and phytopathogenic fungi is one of the most rapidly moving fields in the plant sciences, the findings of which have contributed to the development of new strategies and technologies to protect crops. Plants employ sophisticated mechanisms to perceive and appropriately defend themselves against pathogens. A good example of plant and pathogen evolution is the gene-for-gene interaction between the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg disease, and Brassica crops. This interaction has been studied at the genetic and physiological level due to its agro-economic importance. The newly available genome sequence for Brassica spp. and L. maculans will provide the resources to study the co-evolution of this plant and pathogen. Particularly, an understanding of the co-evolution of genes responsible for virulence and resistance will lead to improved plant protection strategies for Brassica canola and provide a model to understand plant-pathogen interactions in other major crops. This review summarises the research-to-date in the study of the Brassica-L. maculans gene-for-gene interaction, with a focus on the genetics of resistance in Brassica and the wealth of information to be gained from genome sequencing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hayward
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Legume Research and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Kandala N, Campbell E, Rakgoasi D, Madi B. The geography of HIV/AIDS infection in Botswana. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.143586.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Macinga DR, Campbell E, Edmonds SL, Rutter JD, Shumaker DJ, Arbogast JW. ABHR efficacy revisited: influence of alcohol level and product application volume. BMC Proc 2011. [PMCID: PMC3239703 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s6-p273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Campbell E, Newton S. Planning for final exit. CMAJ 2011; 183:84. [DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.111-2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Spiller RC, Humes DJ, Campbell E, Hastings M, Neal KR, Dukes GE, Whorwell PJ. The Patient Health Questionnaire 12 Somatic Symptom scale as a predictor of symptom severity and consulting behaviour in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and symptomatic diverticular disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:811-20. [PMID: 20629976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety, depression and nongastrointestinal symptoms are often prominent in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but their relative value in patient management has not been quantitatively assessed. We modified the Patient Health Questionnaire 15 (PHQ-15) by excluding three gastrointestinal items to create the PHQ-12 Somatic Symptom (PHQ-12 SS) scale. AIMS To compare the value of the PHQ-12 SS scale with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale in predicting symptoms and patient behaviour in IBS and diverticular disease. METHODS We compared 151 healthy volunteers (HV), 319 IBS patients and 296 patients with diverticular disease (DD), 113 asymptomatic [ASYMPDD] and 173 symptomatic DD (SYMPDD). RESULTS Patient Health Questionnaire 12 SS scores for IBS and SYMPDD were significantly higher than HV. Receiver-operator curves showed a PHQ-12 SS >6, gave a sensitivity for IBS of 66.4% with a specificity of 94.7% and a positive likelihood ratio (PLR) = 13.2, significantly better than that associated with an HAD anxiety score >7, PLR = 3.0 and depression score >7 PLR = 6.5. PHQ-12 SS correlated strongly with IBS severity scale and GP visits in both IBS and DD. CONCLUSION The PHQ-12 SS scale is a useful clinical tool which correlates with patient behaviour in both IBS and symptomatic DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Spiller
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, University Hospital, UK.
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Bonevski B, Campbell E, Sanson-Fisher RW. The validity and reliability of an interactive computer tobacco and alcohol use survey in general practice. Addict Behav 2010; 35:492-8. [PMID: 20092954 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty regarding the accuracy of the computer as a data collection or patient screening tool persists. Previous research evaluating the validity of computer health surveys have tended to compare those responses to that of paper survey or clinical interview (as the gold standard). This approach is limited as it assumes that the paper version of the self-report survey is valid and an appropriate gold standard. OBJECTIVES First, to compare the accuracy of computer and paper methods of assessing self-reported smoking and alcohol use in general practice with biochemical measures as gold standard. Second, to compare the test re-test reliability of computer administration, paper administration and mixed methods of assessing self-reported smoking status and alcohol use in general practice. METHODS A randomised cross-over design was used. Consenting patients were randomly assigned to one of four groups; Group 1. C-C : completing a computer survey at the time of that consultation (Time 1) and a computer survey 4-7 days later (Time 2); Group 2. C-P: completing a computer survey at Time 1 and a paper survey at Time 2; Group 3. P-C: completing a paper survey at Time 1 and a computer survey at Time 2; and Group 4. P-P: completing a paper survey at Time 1 and 2. At Time 1 all participants also completed biochemical measures to validate self-reported smoking status (expired air carbon monoxide breath test) and alcohol consumption (ethyl alcohol urine assay). RESULTS Of the 618 who were eligible, 575 (93%) consented to completing the Time 1 surveys. Of these, 71% (N=411) completed Time 2 surveys. Compared to CO, the computer smoking self-report survey demonstrated 91% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 75% positive predictive value (PPV) and 98% negative predictive value (NPV). The equivalent paper survey demonstrated 86% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 80% PPV, and 96% NPV. Compared to urine assay, the computer alcohol use self-report survey demonstrated 92% sensitivity, 50% specificity, 10% PPV and 99% NPV. The equivalent paper survey demonstrated 75% sensitivity, 57% specificity, 6% PPV, and 98% NPV. Level of agreement of smoking self-reports at Time 1 and Time 2 revealed kappa coefficients ranging from 0.95 to 0.98 in each group and hazardous alcohol use self-reports at Time 1 and Time 2 revealed kappa coefficients ranging from 0.90 to 0.96 in each group. CONCLUSION The collection of self-reported health risk information is equally accurate and reliable using computer interface in the general practice setting as traditional paper survey. Computer survey appears highly reliable and accurate for the measurement of smoking status. Further research is needed to confirm the adequacy of the quantity/frequency measure in detecting those who drink alcohol. Interactive computer administered health surveys offer a number of advantages to researchers and clinicians and further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bonevski
- Centre for Health Research and Psycho-oncology, Cancer Council NSW and The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Totman JJ, Marciani L, Foley S, Campbell E, Hoad CL, Macdonald IA, Spiller RC, Gowland PA. Characterization of the time course of the superior mesenteric, abdominal aorta, internal carotid and vertebral arteries blood flow response to the oral glucose challenge test using magnetic resonance imaging. Physiol Meas 2009; 30:1117-36. [PMID: 19759401 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/30/10/011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Blood flow to the splanchnic circulation increases postprandially which may cause a reduction in systemic and cerebral perfusion leading to postprandial syncope in the elderly who lack adequate cardiovascular reserve. We used multi-station 2D phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) with the aim of characterizing the time course of the haemodynamic response to an oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) in the large arteries perfusing the splanchnic, systemic and cerebral circulations (superior mesenteric artery SMA, abdominal aorta AA, internal carotid arteries, ICA and vertebral arteries VA). In this study nine fasted healthy volunteers were studied. Separate cine PC-MRI scans were acquired in the neck and in the abdomen every 88 s, these two measurements being interleaved for ten baseline scans at each station with the scanner automatically moving the subject between the two stations. After ingestion of the OGCT, a further 30 cine PC-MRI scans were acquired at each station. Using this technique we were able to characterize with frequent sampling of volumetric blood flow the time course of blood flow response to the OGCT of the SMA, AA and both VA and ICA. We found a substantial variation between individuals in the amplitude and the time to the peak of the SMA blood flow response to the OGCT which correlated positively with body mass index. MRI provides a robust, non-invasive method of studying normal physiology that could be valuable in studies of diseases such as postprandial hypotension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Totman
- Brain and Body Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Sabry ZI, Campbell JA, Campbell E, Forbes AL, Graham GG. Letters to the Editor. Nutr Rev 2009; 32:221-223. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1974.tb00969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Moran GW, Hejmadi R, Campbell E, Boulton R. Ulcers and the colon: keep an open mind. Gut 2008; 57:1221, 1267. [PMID: 18719135 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.149732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G W Moran
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to document the dynamics of HIV-1 subtypes in Scotland over a 6-year period. Viral RNA from all-new diagnoses was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced in the gag and/or env regions. Subtype was assigned by phylogenetic analysis, and aligned with demographic data including likely route and geographical origin of infection. We present data on 80% of all new diagnoses in Scotland between April 2000 and April 2006. Within the background of an expanding epidemic, subtype B predominates in men who have sex with men and intravenous drug users but there is a small but consistent number of UK-acquired infections in these risk groups caused by non-B subtypes. In heterosexuals, non-B subtypes acquired abroad, especially Africa, are still the largest group but again UK-acquired numbers are rising. The social and clinical significance of the spread of non-B subtypes in different ethnic and risk groups remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Yirrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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