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Lacey LF, Armstrong DJ, Royle E, Magee P, Pourshahidi LK, Ray S, Strain JJ, McSorley E. Cost-effectiveness of vitamin D 3 supplementation in older adults with vitamin D deficiency in Ireland. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 5:98-105. [PMID: 35814728 PMCID: PMC9237877 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2021-000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the cost-effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation in older adults in Ireland, with year-round vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <30 nmol/L) (13% of Irish adults), from the perspective of the Health Service Executive. Methods Three age groups were investigated: (1) ≥50 years, (2) ≥60 years and (3) ≥70 years. Based on the clinical literature, vitamin D3 supplementation may: (1) decrease all-cause mortality by 7% and (2) reduce hip fractures by 16% and non-hip fractures by 20%. A discount rate of 4% was applied to life years and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, and healthcare costs. The annual healthcare costs per patient used in the model are based on the average annual health resource use over the 5-year time horizon of the model. Results The cost/QALY estimates in all three age groups are below the usually acceptable cost-effectiveness threshold of €20 000/QALY. The most cost-effective and least costly intervention was in adults ≥70 years. For this age group, the average annual costs and outcomes would be approximately €5.6 million, 1044 QALYs gained, with a cost/QALY of approximately €5400. The results are most sensitive to the mortality risk reduction following vitamin D3 supplementation. Conclusion The cost-effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation is most robust in adults ≥70 years. Clinical uncertainty in the magnitude of the benefits of vitamin D3 supplementation could be further addressed by means of: (1) performing a clinical research study or (2) conducting a pilot/regional study, prior to reaching a decision to invest in a nationwide programme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Armstrong
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Altnagelvin Hospital, Western Health and Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK
| | - Emily Royle
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Pamela Magee
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Sumantra Ray
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health St John’s Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Fitzwilliam College and School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Emeir McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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Glatt DU, McSorley E, Pourshahidi LK, Revuelta Iniesta R, McCluskey J, Beggan L, Slevin M, Gleeson N, Cobice DF, Dobbin S, Magee PJ. Vitamin D Status and Health Outcomes in School Children in Northern Ireland: Year One Results from the D-VinCHI Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040804. [PMID: 35215452 PMCID: PMC8875093 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitamin D status has never been investigated in children in Northern Ireland (UK). (2) Methods: Children (4-11 years) (n = 47) were recruited from November 2019 to March 2020 onto the cross-sectional study. Anthropometry was assessed. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was analysed. Vitamin D intake, parental knowledge and perceptions, participant habits, physical activity and sedentary behaviour were established via questionnaire. Muscle strength was assessed via isometric grip strength dynamometry and balance via dominant single-leg and tandem stance. Parathyroid hormone, bone turnover markers (OC, CTX and P1NP), glycated haemoglobin and inflammatory markers (CRP, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were analysed. (3) Results: Mean (SD) 25(OH)D was 49.17 (17.04) nmol/L (n = 47); 44.7% of the children were vitamin D sufficient (25(OH)D >50 nmol/L), 48.9% were insufficient (25-50 nmol/L) and 6.4% were deficient (<25 nmol/L). 25(OH)D was positively correlated with vitamin D intake (µg/day) (p = 0.012, r = 0.374), spring/summer outdoor hours (p = 0.006, r = 0.402) and dominant grip strength (kg) (p = 0.044, r = 0.317). Vitamin D sufficient participants had higher dietary vitamin D intake (µg/day) (p = 0.021), supplement intake (µg/day) (p = 0.028) and spring/summer outdoor hours (p = 0.015). (4) Conclusion: Over half of the children were vitamin D deficient or insufficient. Wintertime supplementation, the consumption of vitamin D rich foods and spring/summer outdoor activities should be encouraged to minimise the risk of vitamin D inadequacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Ulrike Glatt
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK; (J.M.); (N.G.)
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.U.G.); (R.R.I.); (P.J.M.)
| | - Emeir McSorley
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - L. Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Raquel Revuelta Iniesta
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
- Correspondence: (D.U.G.); (R.R.I.); (P.J.M.)
| | - Jane McCluskey
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK; (J.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Laura Beggan
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (D.F.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Mary Slevin
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Nigel Gleeson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh EH21 6UU, UK; (J.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Diego F. Cobice
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (D.F.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Sara Dobbin
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute (BMSRI), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (D.F.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Pamela J. Magee
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (L.K.P.); (L.B.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.U.G.); (R.R.I.); (P.J.M.)
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Lowry E, Marley J, McVeigh JG, McSorley E, Allsopp P, Kerr D. Dietary Interventions in the Management of Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Best-Evidence Synthesis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2664. [PMID: 32878326 PMCID: PMC7551150 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterised by chronic widespread pain alongside fatigue, poor sleep quality and numerous comorbidities. It is estimated to have a worldwide prevalence of 1.78%, with a predominance in females. Treatment interventions for fibromyalgia have limited success, leading to many patients seeking alternative forms of treatment, including modifications to their diet and lifestyle. The effectiveness of dietary changes in fibromyalgia has not been widely researched or evaluated. This systematic review identified twenty-two studies, including 18 randomised control trials (RCTs) and four cohort studies which were eligible for inclusion. In total these studies investigated 17 different nutritional interventions. Significant improvements in reported pain were observed for those following a vegan diet, as well as with the low fermentable oligo di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diets. Supplementation with Chlorella green algae, coenzyme Q10, acetyl-l-carnitine or a combination of vitamin C and E significantly improved measures of pain. Interpretation of these studies was limited due to the frequent poor quality of the study design, the wide heterogeneity between studies, the small sample size and a high degree of bias. Therefore, there is insufficient evidence to recommend any one particular nutritional intervention for the management of fibromyalgia and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Lowry
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (E.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Joanne Marley
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (E.L.); (J.M.)
| | - Joseph G. McVeigh
- School of Clinical Therapies, University College Cork, Douglas Street, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland;
| | - Emeir McSorley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Philip Allsopp
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (E.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Daniel Kerr
- School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Shore Road, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (E.L.); (J.M.)
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Simpson E, Furlong O, Parr H, Hodge S, Slevin M, McSorley E, McCormack J, McConville C, Magee P. The effect of a 12-week dietary soy intervention on everyday mood in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zareba W, Thurston SW, Zareba G, Couderc JP, Evans K, Xia J, Watson GE, Strain JJ, McSorley E, Yeates A, Mulhern M, Shamlaye CF, Bovet P, van Wijngaarden E, Davidson PW, Myers GJ. Prenatal and recent methylmercury exposure and heart rate variability in young adults: the Seychelles Child Development Study. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 74:106810. [PMID: 31128243 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2019.106810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence of an adverse association between exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) from consuming fish and heart rate variability (HRV) is inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate MeHg exposure in relation to HRV parameters in a large cohort of young adults from a high fish consuming population in the Republic of Seychelles. Main Cohort participants in the Seychelles Child Development Study were evaluated at a mean age of 19 years. Prenatal MeHg exposure was determined in maternal hair growing during pregnancy and recent exposure in participant's hair taken at the evaluation. The evaluation consisted of short (~2 h) and long (overnight) Holter recordings obtained in 514 and 203 participants, respectively. Multivariable analyses examined the association of prenatal and recent MeHg exposure (in separate models) with time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters in different physiologic circumstances: supine position, standing position, mental stress when undergoing a mathematics test, sleep, and long recording. Prenatal MeHg exposure was not associated with any of the 23 HRV parameters studied after adjustment for multiplicity. The recent MeHg showed a trend toward significance only for few variables in the primary model. However, after additional adjustment for activity levels, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and multiplicity none were significant after a Bonferroni adjustment. In conclusion, prenatal and recent MeHg exposure had no consistent pattern of associations to support the hypothesis that they are adversely associated with heart rate variability in this study population that consumes large amounts of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zareba
- Heart Research, Cardiology Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America.
| | - Sally W Thurston
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Grazyna Zareba
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jean Philippe Couderc
- Heart Research, Cardiology Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Katie Evans
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jean Xia
- Heart Research, Cardiology Division, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Gene E Watson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America; Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - J J Strain
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Emeir McSorley
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Yeates
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Mulhern
- University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pascal Bovet
- University Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edwin van Wijngaarden
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America; Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Philip W Davidson
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Gary J Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America
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Irwin J, Yeates A, Mulhern M, McSorley E, Strain J, Watson G, Grzesik K, Thurston SW, Love T, Smith T, Mruzek DW, Shamlaye CF, Monthy C, Myers G, Davidson PW, van Wijngaarden E. Maternal gestational immune response and autism spectrum disorder phenotypes at 7 years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Study. Ann Epidemiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2018.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Madigan SM, Todd J, McSorley E, Pourshahidi LK, Laird E, Healy M, Kilbane M, McKenna M, Magee P. Twelve-weeks Oral Spray Vitamin D3 Supplementation Does Not Alter Bone Turnover Markers In Collegiate Gaelic Footballers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517111.32490.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ha E, Basu N, Bose-O'Reilly S, Dórea JG, McSorley E, Sakamoto M, Chan HM. Current progress on understanding the impact of mercury on human health. Environ Res 2017; 152:419-433. [PMID: 27444821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mercury pollution and its impacts on human health is of global concern. The authors of this paper were members of the Plenary Panel on Human Health in the 12th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant held in Korea in June 2015. The Panel was asked by the conference organizers to address two questions: what is the current understanding of the impacts of mercury exposure on human health and what information is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention in lowering exposure and preventing adverse effects. The authors conducted a critical review of the literature published since January 2012 and discussed the current state-of-knowledge in the following areas: environmental exposure and/or risk assessment; kinetics and biomonitoring; effects on children development; effects on adult general populations; effects on artisanal and small-scale gold miners (ASGM); effects on dental workers; risk of ethylmercury in thimerosal-containing vaccines; interactions with nutrients; genetic determinants and; risk communication and management. Knowledge gaps in each area were identified and recommendations for future research were made. The Panel concluded that more knowledge synthesis efforts are needed to translate the research results into management tools for health professionals and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Ha
- Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, South Korea
| | - Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Canada
| | - Stephan Bose-O'Reilly
- University Hospital Munich, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Occupational Health, Germany; University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, Austria
| | - José G Dórea
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Emeir McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Mineshi Sakamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Japan
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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Laird E, McNulty H, Ward M, Hoey L, McSorley E, Wallace JMW, Carson E, Molloy AM, Healy M, Casey MC, Cunningham C, Strain JJ. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation in older Irish adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1807-15. [PMID: 24606079 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inadequate vitamin D status is common within elderly populations and may be implicated in the etiology of autoimmune disease and inflammation. Few studies have investigated the relationship between vitamin D status and age-related immune dysfunction in humans. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D status and immune markers of inflammation in a large sample of older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An observational investigation of 957 Irish adults (>60 years of age) recruited in Northern Ireland (55°N latitude) as part of the Trinity Ulster Department of Agriculture aging cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and serum cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) by ELISA. RESULTS Concentrations of IL-6, CRP, and the ratios of IL-6 to IL-10 and CRP to IL-10 were significantly higher in individuals with deficient (<25 nmol/L) serum 25(OH)D compared with those with sufficient (>75 nmol/L) status after adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index (P < .05). Vitamin D status was a significant predictor of the IL-6 to IL-10 cytokine ratio, and those participants defined as deficient were significantly more likely to have an IL-6 to IL-10 ratio >2:1 compared with those defined as sufficient. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated significant associations between low vitamin D status and markers of inflammation (including the ratio of IL-6 to IL-10) within elderly adults. These findings suggest that an adequate vitamin D status may be required for optimal immune function, particularly within the older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Laird
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (E.L., A.M.M.), School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health (H.M., M.W., L.H., E.M., J.M.W.W., E.C., J.J.S.), University of Ulster, Coleraine, Londonderry BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland; Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H.), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; and The Mercers Institute for Research on Ageing (M.C.C., C.C.), St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Naughton V, Hedemann MS, Naughton PJ, McSorley E, Laerke HN. Duodenal application of Li+ in a submaximal therapeutic dose inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion and modulates gastro-duodenal myoelectrical activity in a conscious pig model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 91:764-72. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2012-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study tested whether duodenal application of lithium inhibits gastroduodenal motility, and whether it suppresses secretion from the exocrine pancreas. Five suckling pigs, 16–18 days old, were surgically fitted with 3 serosal electrodes on the wall of the gastric antrum and the duodenum for electromyography of smooth muscles, and with a pancreatic duct catheter and a duodenal T-cannula for collection and re-entrant flow of pancreatic juice. After the recovery period, on alternative days, each animal was tested once with an intraduodenal infusion of Li+ (100 mmol·L–1C3H5LiO3,10 mL·kg−1·h−1) for 1 h, and once with an intraduodenal infusion of NaCl (154 mM, 10 ml·kg−1·h−1), also for 1 h, with the first treatment, i.e., Li+ or NaCl, randomly assigned. Individual pigs served as their own controls, with data recorded prior to a treatment being used as the baseline. Li+ increased the duration of quiescence (P < 0.05) and activity phase (P < 0.05) in the antrum, thus increasing (P < 0.05) the duration of antral myoelectrical cycles. Li+ shortened (P < 0.05) phase I, but it did not affect phase II or phase III or the MMC in the duodenum. Li+ inhibited pancreatic juice outflow as well as pancreatic enzyme and bicarbonate output (P < 0.05 for all pancreatic parameters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Naughton
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Mette S. Hedemann
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Århus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Patrick J. Naughton
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Emeir McSorley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine, County Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Helle N. Laerke
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Århus University, Blichers Allé 20, PO Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Breslin LC, Ball E, Armstrong D, Bell A, Magee P, Laird E, Wallace J, McSorley E. AB0408 An investigation of vitamin d status in systemic lupus erythematosus patients residing in northern ireland: its relationship with disease activity and bone mineral density. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Breslin LC, Ball E, Armstrong D, Bell A, Magee P, Laird E, Wallace J, McSorley E. AB0409 An observational study of vitamin d in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: associations among vitamin d status, fatigue, quality of life and disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Naughton V, McSorley E, Naughton PJ. Changes in calcium status in aged rats fed Lactobacillus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis and oligofructose-enriched inulin. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:161-5. [PMID: 21326391 DOI: 10.1139/h10-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study we hypothesized that an increase in numbers of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine can affect calcium (Ca) status in the elderly. Adult and aged rats were fed a diet with or without synbiotics for 21 days. Synbiotics increased the numbers of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in large intestine in both adult and aged rats. The plasma Ca concentration was significantly increased while osteocalcin concentration was significantly decreased only in aged rats fed synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta Naughton
- University of Ulster, Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Coleraine Co., Londonderry BT52 1SA, UK.
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Laird E, Ward M, McSorley E, Strain JJ, Wallace J. Vitamin D and bone health: potential mechanisms. Nutrients 2010; 2:693-724. [PMID: 22254049 PMCID: PMC3257679 DOI: 10.3390/nu2070693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and significant economic and health costs. Vitamin D is a secosteriod hormone essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization which is positively associated with bone mineral density [BMD]. It is well-established that prolonged and severe vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Sub-optimal vitamin D status has been reported in many populations but it is a particular concern in older people; thus there is clearly a need for effective strategies to optimise bone health. A number of recent studies have suggested that the role of vitamin D in preventing fractures may be via its mediating effects on muscle function (a defect in muscle function is one of the classical signs of rickets) and inflammation. Studies have demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation can improve muscle strength which in turn contributes to a decrease in incidence of falls, one of the largest contributors to fracture incidence. Osteoporosis is often considered to be an inflammatory condition and pro-inflammatory cytokines have been associated with increased bone metabolism. The immunoregulatory mechanisms of vitamin D may thus modulate the effect of these cytokines on bone health and subsequent fracture risk. Vitamin D, therefore, may influence fracture risk via a number of different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Laird
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, UK.
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McSorley E, Findlay JM. The eyes can search large displays more effectively than small ones: an oculomotor paradox? J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/3.9.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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McSorley E, Findlay JM. Spatial frequency interactions and saccade programming. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/1.3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ludwig CJH, Gilchrist ID, McSorley E, Baddeley RJ. Visual sampling and saccadic decisions: A reverse correlation approach. J Vis 2005. [DOI: 10.1167/5.8.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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McSorley E, Walker R, Haggard P. The curvature of saccade trajectories is modulated by advanced knowledge of target location but is not spatially sensitive to distractor location. J Vis 2004. [DOI: 10.1167/4.8.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Ludwig CJH, Gilchrist ID, McSorley E. Spatial frequency dependencies of the remote distractor effect in saccade programming. J Vis 2004. [DOI: 10.1167/4.8.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
The accuracy of saccade localisation during visual search was examined for a search target defined by the single features of orientation or depth or by a conjunction of the two features. Subjects were required to move their eyes to the target which appeared in one of eight possible locations, arranged circularly around fixation, with non-targets filling the remaining seven positions. Search for a target defined by a single feature resulted in approximately 70% correct first saccades in both cases, while search for the conjunction target resulted in only 40% correct first saccades. Furthermore, averaged latency for conjunction search was longer than for simple search. Nevertheless, some subjects showed a remarkably good ability to locate a conjunction target with a single saccade of short latency. An analysis of first saccades in terms of their speed and accuracy indicates that the target selection is not preceded by a covert scanning of the display but rather is a result of parallel processing of the visual information provided. We also relate our study to the study of conjunction search reported by Nakayama and Siverman [Nakayama, K., & Silverman, G.H. (1986). Serial and parallel processing of visual feature conjunctions. Nature, 320, 264-265.].
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Affiliation(s)
- E McSorley
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Vision and Visual Cognition, University of Durham, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK.
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Abstract
An efficient regioselective method for the direct arylation of 2-furaldehyde to provide a range of pi-diverse 5-aryl-2-formylfuran derivatives is described. The method employs functionalized aryl halides and a catalytic amount of palladium(II) chloride under relatively mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S McClure
- GlaxoSmithKline, Chemical Development, Five Moore Drive, P.O. Box 13398, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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Abstract
Three pairs of experiments were conducted to investigate the importance of spatial-frequency-processing delays imposed by the visual system on the efficacy of their subsequent integration. In the first pair of experiments filtered versions of a natural image were found to be easily discriminable from the full-bandwidth image. These images were then placed into triplets and presented sequentially. Subjects were required to detect the presence of a full-bandwidth target image within the sequence. As with previous results a low-to-high progression of spatial-frequency information did increase the number of errors of full-bandwidth-image detection within the triplets where it was not present. However, this was not found across all conditions and was suggested to be due to the increased discriminability of the constituent images which form the image triplets. The second experiment was a repetition of the first with more confusable component images. Again the weak order effect on target detection was found. It was suggested that this may be due to the nature of the stimulus used. The third pair of experiments repeated the design of the first pair of experiments but with Gabor patches which provide localised spatial-frequency information. It was found that a low-to-high progression of spatial frequencies resulted in more false detections of the target. The results are interpreted as supporting an integration mechanism which operates with greater efficacy when the presentation of spatial-frequency information mirrors that naturally imposed by the neural delays involved in the processing of spatial frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E McSorley
- Centre for Vision and Visual Cognition, University of Durham, UK.
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