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Dennaoui N, Guagliano JM, Kolt GS, Jammal M, George ES. A systematic review of culturally adapted physical activity interventions for culturally and linguistically diverse children and adolescents. Prev Med 2024; 183:107979. [PMID: 38697226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited evidence shows culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) children and adolescents are less active, compared to the general population. It is unclear, how physical activity interventions have been adapted for CALD children and adolescents to enhance engagement. This study aimed to review culturally adapted physical activity interventions targeting CALD children and adolescents. METHODS All studies recruited children and adolescents (i.e., aged ≥5 to <18 years old) from CALD backgrounds, targeted physical activity, and included cultural adaptations. Cultural adaptations were defined as surface structures (i.e., observable characteristics of a targeted population) or deep structures (i.e., rooted in core ethnic values derived from individual cultures. RESULTS Twenty studies were included. Ten studies used a combination of surface and deep structure adaptations. Of these 10 studies, 3 found a significant between-group difference in physical activity favouring the intervention group. Among studies (n = 6) that used surface structure adaptations (e.g., language adjustments to information sheets, consent forms, and resources), 1 found a significant intervention effect on physical activity. With studies (n = 4) that used deep structure adaptations (e.g., incorporating traditional songs and dances relevant to cultural groups), 1 study found a significant intervention effect on physical activity. CONCLUSION A small number of studies found significant changes to increase physical activity levels. We found there is a lack of consistent evidence indicating that incorporating surface and/or deep structure adaptations result in significant changes in physical activity. Future research should focus on establishing higher quality methodology when developing culturally adapted interventions for CALD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariman Dennaoui
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melissa Jammal
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Batt NM, Rodrigues B, Bloom S, Sawhney R, George ES, Hodge A, Vootukuru N, McCrae C, Sood S, Roberts SK, Dev A, Bell S, Thompson A, Ryan MC, Kemp W, Gow PJ, Sood S, Nicoll AJ. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study of characteristics and response to therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024. [PMID: 38369382 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Australia is related to increasing rates of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to prospectively characterize the metabolic profile, lifestyle, biometric features, and response to treatment of HCC patients in an Australian population. METHOD Multicenter prospective cohort analysis of newly diagnosed HCC patients at six multidisciplinary team meetings over a 2-year period. RESULTS Three hundred and thirteen (313) newly diagnosed HCC patients with MAFLD (n = 77), MAFLD plus other liver disease (n = 57) (the "mixed" group), and non-MAFLD (n = 179) were included in the study. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) (43%) and MAFLD (43%) were the most common underlying liver diseases. MAFLD-HCC patients were older (73 years vs 67 years vs 63 years), more likely to be female (40% vs 14% vs 20%), less likely to have cirrhosis (69% vs 88% vs 85%), showed higher ECOG, and were less likely to be identified by screening (29% vs 53% vs 45%). Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in the MAFLD and mixed groups. The severity of underlying liver disease and HCC characteristics were the same across groups. While the MAFLD population self-reported more sedentary lifestyles, reported dietary patterns were no different across the groups. Dyslipidemia was associated with tumor size, and those taking statins had a lower recurrence rate. CONCLUSION Equal to ALD, MAFLD is now the most common underlying liver disease seen in HCC patients in Australia. Future HCC prevention screening and treatment strategies need to take this important group of patients into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Batt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Rodrigues
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Bloom
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Sawhney
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Hodge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Vootukuru
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - C McCrae
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Surbhi Sood
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - S K Roberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Dev
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Bell
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Thompson
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M C Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Kemp
- Department of Gastroenterology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P J Gow
- Department of Gastroenterology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Siddharth Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A J Nicoll
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Guagliano JM, Hliounakis H, El Masri A, Kolt GS, George ES. Determining priority areas for health promotion amongst Australian professional sporting organisations. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:30-36. [PMID: 37923649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Professional sporting organisations (PSOs) are well-positioned to promote health through their reach and standing within communities. However, the health promotion (HP) priority areas of interest of PSOs are unknown. The objectives of this study were to: identify HP priority areas amongst Australian PSOs and explore the development, implementation, and evaluation of HP programming within the identified priority areas. DESIGN Delphi procedure with qualitative interviews. METHODS Participants were community-focussed employees from PSOs across Australia. To identify HP priory areas, three rounds of surveys were used in a Delphi procedure. Participants were then invited to participate in semi-structured interviews focussed on the development, implementation, and evaluation of HP programmes. RESULTS Of the 103 community employees invited to participate in the Delphi, 28 participated in at least one round and 16 completed all rounds. Overall, HP priorities fell under five main areas: access/participation in sport; general HP; physical activity promotion; community, culture, and inclusion; and support for HP initiatives. Eleven interviews were conducted, and central themes included needing support with programme design and evaluation, and the need to build employee capacity and greater inter-organisational collaboration. CONCLUSIONS This study determined HP priority areas amongst PSOs using a consensus-generating approach. Interview findings demonstrated that community-focussed employees are committed to delivering HP programmes, but encounter difficulty with funding, employee capacity, and programme design and evaluation expertise. The findings from these interviews reveal potential avenues of collaboration between organisations that can provide expertise in design and evaluation and sporting organisations for HP programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Guagliano
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia.
| | | | - Aymen El Masri
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia
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Karamacoska D, Johnson T, Harrison L, Shi K, Akrawi J, D'Souza SP, Hohenberg MI, George ES, Steiner-Lim GZ. Venous thromboembolism risk screening, training and provider awareness in Australian residential aged care facilities. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:e5010-e5016. [PMID: 35855618 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the geriatric post-surgical population, and its prevention is a public health priority. The aim of this study was to assess the use of VTE risk screening and training protocols, and VTE awareness in the Australian residential aged care sector. A cross-sectional survey was conducted that was directed at facility and policy managers of community aged care facilities with ≥10 residents in two Australian states and territories. Forty-nine of 301 (16.3%) providers responded, representing 249/871 (28.6%) aged care facilities and 20,958/66,121 (31.7%) residents. VTE risk screening protocols were used by 1.2% of facilities (3/249), and 79.5% (198/249) were unaware that VTE is an issue in this population. Only 0.8% (2/249) were aware that risk screening and prophylaxis is required to prevent VTE; none were acting upon this. No facility had specific VTE risk assessment or prevention processes in place. Most residential aged care facilities surveyed do not have VTE risk screening protocols and were unaware of the risk that may be associated with this omission. These results have implications for development and implementation of national and international VTE risk screening guidelines in community care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karamacoska
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamara Johnson
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lize Harrison
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Hornsby Ku-ring-gai Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Hornsby, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Shi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joy Akrawi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephanie P D'Souza
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Westmead Hospital, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark I Hohenberg
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Genevieve Z Steiner-Lim
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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El Masri A, Kolt GS, George ES. Physical activity interventions among culturally and linguistically diverse populations: a systematic review. Ethn Health 2022; 27:40-60. [PMID: 31446773 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2019.1658183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review physical activity interventions among culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations and explore the strategies used to recruit CALD populations, the cultural adaptations made in these interventions, and the cultural adaptations used among successful interventions. DESIGN Four electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) was searched in March 2017 and re-run in January 2018. Manual screening of the reference lists of the included studies was also conducted. Eligibility criteria for inclusion in the systematic review were: intervention studies (e.g. controlled and non-controlled studies), physical activity as primary outcome and as the only health behaviour targeted, culturally and linguistically diverse population of interest, published in English, and targeted adult populations (i.e. aged ≥18). RESULTS A total of 19 articles were included in this review, comprising 15 unique studies. Most studies targeted Latino populations, published in the United States, and targeted women. An array of recruitment strategies were used, such as recruiting from religious establishments or religious and cultural events, and community organisations and events. The majority of studies made cultural adaptations to their intervention to suit the CALD population of interest, however, the level of detail of reported adjustments was limited. Successful interventions were those that generally included community consultation to inform their intervention, language adjustments, community health workers/bilingual/bicultural personnel for intervention delivery, recruitment, and data-collection, and using culturally-relevant intervention material. CONCLUSIONS Although many studies included in this review reported increases in physical activity at follow-up, the results need to be interpreted with caution due to the lower level of methodological quality and reporting on study methodology. Future interventions designed for CALD populations should be of greater methodological quality and also provide a greater level of transparency in terms of the cultural adaptations that have been made to the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen El Masri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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6
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George ES, El Masri A, Kwasnicka D, Romeo A, Cavallin S, Bennie A, Kolt GS, Guagliano JM. Effectiveness of Adult Health Promotion Interventions Delivered Through Professional Sport: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2637-2655. [PMID: 35708886 PMCID: PMC9585012 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers are capitalising on the strong connections that sport fans have with their teams for health promotion programmes, yet no existing systematic reviews have evaluated the effectiveness of interventions delivered through professional sport. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically collate, evaluate, and synthesise the evidence on health promotion interventions implemented in professional sport settings. METHODS Randomised controlled trials reporting on adult health promotion initiatives delivered in professional sport settings were identified through electronic database searches in CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. Data on health-related outcomes (e.g., weight, physical activity, dietary intake) were extracted and synthesised, and random effects meta-analyses were conducted to examine effects for weight and waist circumference. Risk of bias was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2). RESULTS Six studies reporting on five unique interventions met the inclusion criteria, and all included studies were gender-sensitised and exclusively targeted men. Intervention effects were observed for several health outcomes, including physical activity, dietary intake, and psychosocial health. All studies aimed to reduce weight, and for most studies (n = 4), weight was a primary outcome, either of the included study or to inform a future definitive trial. Findings from the meta-analysis revealed an overall significant difference in change in weight of - 3.2 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] - 4.6 to - 1.8) and waist circumference of - 3.9 cm (95% CI - 4.9 to - 2.8), both in favour of the intervention group at 12 weeks. Intervention effects were also reported for several other health outcomes (e.g., physical activity, dietary intake, psychosocial health); however, they were not consistently measured across the studies and thus were not meta-analysed. CONCLUSION Health promotion interventions delivered through professional sporting organisations can significantly improve weight- and lifestyle-related health outcomes. Representation across the socioeconomic spectrum and across culturally and linguistically diverse groups was limited. As only a limited number of studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, a need exists for rigorously designed interventions, standardised intervention approaches, with long-term follow-up, and the potential for scalability. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019123295.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. George
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Aymen El Masri
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Dominika Kwasnicka
- grid.433893.60000 0001 2184 0541SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XNHMRC CRE in Digital Technology to Transform Chronic Disease Outcomes, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Alannah Romeo
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Sarah Cavallin
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Andrew Bennie
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Gregory S. Kolt
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Justin M. Guagliano
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Steiner GZ, George ES, Metri NJ, MacMillan F, Dubois S, Moyle W, Hohenberg MI, Singh K, Townsend C, Chang D, Bensoussan A, McBride KA. Use of complementary medicines and lifestyle approaches by people living with dementia: Exploring experiences, motivations and attitudes. Int J Older People Nurs 2021; 16:e12378. [PMID: 34176213 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of effective treatments for chronic conditions is associated with high rates of complementary medicine (CM) use. However, little is known about CM use for dementia. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the experiences, motivations, and attitudes towards CM use by people living with dementia in an Australian setting. DESIGN This study had a qualitative research design; quantitative demographic information was also collected. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with people living with dementia and their caregivers (N = 18). A thematic (inductive) analysis approach was taken to interpret data. RESULTS Three in four participants used CM for dementia, spending ~AUD$100/month (USD$70/month). Within three overarching themes, a range of sub-themes was identified: (1) CM knowledge and use: people living with dementia and caregivers understanding of CM, types of CM used, and CM usage patterns; (2) Self-determined reasons for use/non-use: maintain or improve quality of life, hope, management of dementia symptoms, level of awareness, willingness and evidence, perceptions on efficacy and safety of CM, experiences of conventional medicine, and holistic approach to wellness; (3) External determinants of use: information on CM, relationship influences on CM use, and experiences with General Practitioners (GPs) and CM. CONCLUSION Findings highlight that CM use is widespread and positively viewed by people living with dementia and their caregivers. Decisions regarding CM use were based on personal opinions. Findings have important implications for conversations with health professionals regarding CM use by people living with dementia to improve communication, health literacy, and reduce the risk of adverse effects through polypharmacy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This study showed that CM is a valued approach for dementia management by people living with dementia, their families, and healthcare providers. Future international research is required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these approaches and promote accurate advice in nursing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Z Steiner
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Najwa-Joelle Metri
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Freya MacMillan
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Shamieka Dubois
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark I Hohenberg
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kawaljit Singh
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Camilla Townsend
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan Bensoussan
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate A McBride
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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El Masri A, Kolt GS, George ES. Feasibility and acceptability of a culturally tailored physical activity intervention for Arab-Australian women. BMC Womens Health 2021; 21:131. [PMID: 33784997 PMCID: PMC8008684 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being one of the largest migrant groups in Australia, few physical activity interventions exist for Arab-Australians. The primary aim of this study was to test the feasibility and acceptability of a 12-week culturally tailored physical activity intervention for Arab-Australian women. METHODS This study used a single-group pretest-posttest design, and was informed by extensive formative research and consultation involving the Arab-Australian community. Participants were insufficiently active Arab-Australian women aged 35-64 with no current illness or injury that would limit physical activity participation. The intervention comprised 6 face-to-face physical activity and education sessions over 12 weeks. The intervention was conducted at 2 separate intervention sites in Western Sydney, Australia. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment, session attendance, and retention. The acceptability of the intervention was assessed through a process evaluation questionnaire completed post-intervention. Accelerometers and the short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to measure physical activity at baseline and post-intervention. Descriptive statistics were used for feasibility and acceptability outcomes, and changes in physical activity were examined using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS Of the 53 women who were contacted or expressed interest, 22 were eligible and enrolled in the study. Participants were primarily recruited through direct contact by Arab-Australian community workers and by word-of-mouth. Average session attendance was 63% and the retention rate post-intervention was 68%. The culturally-related intervention components, such as the appropriateness of content, and women-only setting, were rated highly favourably (4.33 to 4.87/5). General intervention elements, such as the face-to-face delivery, knowledge and approachability of facilitators, and session structure, were also rated favourably (4.33 to 4.93/5), and the lowest scored item was the intervention session frequency (3.2/5). There were no statistically significant changes in physical activity post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study highlighted factors related to recruitment and delivery that need to be considered when developing physical activity interventions for Arab-Australian women. Further research is required using a larger sample and a randomised controlled trial design to examine the longer-term impact on physical activity, and to also examine ways of increasing intervention engagement and retention among Arab-Australian women. TRIAL REGISTRATION ANZCTR, ACTRN12618001392257. Registered 20 August 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=375636 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen El Masri
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.
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9
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El Masri A, Kolt GS, George ES. A systematic review of qualitative studies exploring the factors influencing the physical activity levels of Arab migrants. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:2. [PMID: 33407603 PMCID: PMC7788960 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that Arab migrant populations engage in low levels of physical activity. To our knowledge, there are no reviews that explore the perspectives of Arab migrant populations on the factors influencing physical activity. The aim of this systematic review was to thematically synthesise qualitative literature on the factors influencing physical activity among Arab migrant populations. Methods Five electronic databases (CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsychoInfo, MEDLINE, Embase) were searched in July 2018 and searched again in April 2020. A manual search in Google Scholar was also performed using keywords and the reference lists of included studies were also screened to identify further articles. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were studies that sampled adult (≥18 years) Arab migrant populations, used qualitative methodology, explored the factors influencing physical activity as a primary aim, and were published in English. The 10-item Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used to assess methodological quality of individual studies. The results of the studies were thematically synthesised using the qualitative software Quirkos v1.6. Results A total of 15 studies were included, with the largest proportion of studies conducted in Australia, followed by the United States, Netherlands, Sweden, and then Canada. Five studies exclusively sampled Arab migrant populations in their study. A total of 7 major themes influencing physical activity among Arab migrants emerged from the synthesis: culture and religion, competing commitments and time, social factors, health-related influences, accessibility issues, outdoor environment, and the migratory experience. Conclusions The findings of this review highlighted the various factors influencing the physical activity levels of Arab migrant adults. While many of the factors influencing physical activity are shared with those experienced by other populations (e.g., time constraints), for Arab migrant populations there are other more unique factors closely associated with culture and religion that appear to influence their levels of physical activity. The findings of this review could be used to inform the design of physical activity interventions targeting Arab migrant populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-020-01056-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen El Masri
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia. .,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia.
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10
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MacMillan F, Kolt GS, Le A, George ES. Systematic review of randomised control trial health promotion intervention studies in the fire services: study characteristics, intervention design and impacts on health. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:oemed-2020-106613. [PMID: 33004434 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to systematically review health promotion interventions in the fire services. Four databases were searched for articles reporting on health promotion interventions for firefighters evaluated in randomised controlled trials (RCT) and measuring efficacy on health or lifestyle behaviour outcomes. Data were extracted to create a narrative synthesis regarding study design, intervention characteristics and impact on outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using a 13-item tool. Of 448 papers identified, after removal of duplicates, 209 were excluded based on title/abstract screening. A further 60 papers were excluded, mostly due to studies not being RCTs, not including a lifestyle behaviour intervention, or not focusing on health or lifestyle behaviour outcomes. Ten studies (reported in 11 papers) were eligible for inclusion. Six studies compared an intervention to usual practice, one compared a full intervention to a minimal intervention, one compared two exercise programmes and two compared two interventions to usual practice. Four studies evaluated structured physical activity interventions. Five studies evaluated physical activity and diet-focused behaviour change programmes, and one study included a mindfulness programme. When assessing risk of bias, three studies had low risk ratings for >8/13 items, leaving seven studies with high-risk ratings for ≥5/13 items. Eight of the 10 studies reported improvements in at least 1 outcome from baseline to final follow-up in the intervention group over a comparison group. The majority of lifestyle behaviour interventions targeted physical activity and/or diet. Findings from included studies suggest that programmes for firefighters initiated in the workplace can improve some health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya MacMillan
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - April Le
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith South, New South Wales, Australia
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11
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El Masri A, Kolt GS, George ES. The perceptions, barriers and enablers to physical activity and minimising sedentary behaviour among Arab-Australian adults aged 35-64 years. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:312-321. [PMID: 32291855 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions, barriers and enablers to physical activity (PA) and minimising sedentary behaviour among Arab-Australians, a group who have lower levels of PA and higher rates of certain chronic diseases when compared with the general Australian population. METHODS A total of 28 Arab-Australians aged 35-64 years participated in one of five focus groups conducted in Western Sydney during 2017-2018, a culturally diverse region in New South Wales, Australia. Focus group duration ranged from 35-90 minutes with 4-7 participants in each group. Focus group data were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants had a general understanding of PA and the associated health benefits. Fewer participants were aware of the independent health effects associated with prolonged sitting. A lack of time and motivation due to work, familial duties, domestic roles and lack of effort reportedly influenced PA participation. Health was perceived to be both a barrier and an enabler to PA. Barriers related to health included pain and existing conditions and enablers included preventive and reactive measures. Social support and accessibility, such as a lack of support networks, the availability of services and costs were also discussed. Cultural and religious influences, such as traditional gender roles and the importance of gender-exclusive settings, were also important factors influencing the PA behaviours of participants. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the factors that influence the PA levels and sedentary behaviour of Arab-Australian adults aged 35-64 years. SO WHAT?: The findings of this study could help inform the design and development of culturally tailored PA interventions for Arab-Australian adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen El Masri
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.,Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Carers provide both practical and emotional support and often play an important role in coordination of care for recipients. The demands of caring may lead to increased levels of stress for the carer, which can affect mental health and quality of life. This study examined the relationship between being a carer and psychological distress (assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10]), and explored the moderating effect of social support in that relationship using a large sample. METHODS The study used data from the 45 and Up study, a large cohort study of individuals aged 45 years and over in New South Wales, Australia, and applied multiple regression methods and moderation analysis. The sample for the current study comprised 267,041 participants drawn from the baseline dataset, with valid data on the primary outcome (carer status). RESULTS The mean age of participants was 62.73 (±11.18) years, and 4.23% and 7.13% were identified as full-time and part-time carers, respectively. Compared to non-carers, full-time carers had K10 scores that were on average, higher by 1.87, while part-time carers' K10 scores were on average higher by 1.60 points. A perception of social support reduced the strength of the relationship between carer status and psychological distress by 40% for full-time carers and 60% for part-time carers. CONCLUSIONS The findings have important implications, for both prevention and treatment of psychological problems among carers. In terms of prevention, they suggest that public health campaigns focused on increasing awareness regarding the psychological burden faced by carers would be useful. In terms of intervention, potential treatments that focus on improving social support networks may be helpful. The results are particularly important in the current context of an ageing population in Australian and other developed countries, where caregiving is likely to play an increasing role in the care and support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. George
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Milica Kecmanovic
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tanya Meade
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Psychology, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory S. Kolt
- grid.1029.a0000 0000 9939 5719School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Hnatiuk JA, Dwyer G, George ES, Bennie A. Co-participation in physical activity: perspectives from Australian parents of pre-schoolers. Health Promot Int 2020; 35:1474-1483. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Co-participation in physical activity may be important for helping families with young children meet physical activity recommendations. Yet, little is known about what families perceive to be the benefits, barriers and facilitators of co-participation. This study explored (i) parents’ perceptions about physical activity and possible benefits of family-based co-participation in physical activity, (ii) their perceived facilitators and barriers to co-participation and (iii) their recommendations for improving co-participation within their community. Fifteen parents (14 mothers, 1 father) of 2- to 4-year-old children residing in Western Sydney, Australia, participated in one-on-one interviews between September 2016 and January 2017. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Four main themes and seven sub-themes emerged from the thematic analysis of the interview data. When parents were asked to reflect on their understanding of physical activity, they discussed a range of well-known activities (e.g. active play, active transport) and also reported ‘anything but screen time’. The major benefits parents reported about co-participation were spending quality time together, improving children’s general health and well-being and the development of physical skills. Social (e.g. social networks, negative stereotypes) and environmental (e.g. home space, neighbourhood design, shading) facilitators and barriers were identified, yet their impact on co-participation often varied depending on the presence (or lack thereof) of other factors in the physical or social environment. Key recommendations suggested by parents included improvements to home outdoor spaces, neighbourhood design and play spaces and community services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Hnatiuk
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Genevieve Dwyer
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
| | - Andrew Bennie
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia
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14
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Steiner GZ, Ee C, Dubois S, MacMillan F, George ES, McBride KA, Karamacoska D, McDonald K, Harley A, Abramov G, Andrews-Marney ER, Cave AE, Hohenberg MI. "We need a one-stop-shop": co-creating the model of care for a multidisciplinary memory clinic with community members, GPs, aged care workers, service providers, and policy-makers. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:49. [PMID: 32046657 PMCID: PMC7014614 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Timely diagnosis of dementia has a wide range of benefits including reduced hospital emergency department presentations, admissions and inpatient length of stay, and improved quality of life for patients and their carers by facilitating access to treatments that reduce symptoms, and allow time to plan for the future. Memory clinics can provide such services, however there is no 'gold standard' model of care. This study involved the co-creation of a model of care for a new multidisciplinary memory clinic with local community members, General Practitioners (GPs), policy-makers, community aged care workers, and service providers. METHODS Data collection comprised semi-structured interviews (N = 98) with 20 GPs, and three 2-h community forums involving 53 seniors and community/local government representatives, and 25 community healthcare workers. Interviews and community forums were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by thematic analysis using Quirkos. RESULTS GPs' attitudes towards their role in assessing people with dementia varied. Many GPs reported that they found it useful for patients to have a diagnosis of dementia, but required support from secondary care to make the diagnosis and assist with subsequent management. Community forum participants felt they had a good knowledge of available dementia resources and services, but noted that these were highly fragmented and needed to be easier to navigate for the patient/carer via a 'one-stop-shop' and the provision of a dementia key worker. Expectations for the services and features of a new memory clinic included diagnostic services, rapid referrals, case management, education, legal services, culturally sensitive and appropriate services, allied health, research participation opportunities, and clear communication with GPs. Participants described several barriers to memory clinic utilisation including transportation access, funding, awareness, and costs. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the importance of working with stakeholders to co-design models of care for people with dementia that take into account the local communities' needs. Findings pave the way for the development of a potential new "gold standard" memory clinic model of care and operationalise new national clinical guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Z. Steiner
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Shamieka Dubois
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Freya MacMillan
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Emma S. George
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Kate A. McBride
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Diana Karamacoska
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Keith McDonald
- South Western Sydney Primary Health Network (SWSPHN, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Anne Harley
- South Western Sydney Primary Health Network (SWSPHN, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
| | - Gamze Abramov
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | | | - Adele E. Cave
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Mark I. Hohenberg
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- Campbelltown Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Campbelltown, NSW 2560 Australia
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15
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Wittholz K, Fetterplace K, Clode M, George ES, MacIsaac CM, Judson R, Presneill JJ, Deane AM. Measuring nutrition-related outcomes in a cohort of multi-trauma patients following intensive care unit discharge. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 33:414-422. [PMID: 31788891 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional recovery is an important outcome for those who survive critical illness. The present study aimed to assess nutrition provision and nutrition-related outcomes in a multi-trauma cohort following intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. METHODS The present study investigated a prospective cohort of patients discharged from an ICU, who had been admitted because of major trauma and required mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. Nutrition-related outcomes, including body weight, quadriceps muscle layer thickness (QMLT), handgrip strength and subjective global assessment, were recorded on ICU discharge, days 5-7 post-ICU discharge and then weekly until hospital discharge. Nutrition intake was recorded for 5 days post-ICU discharge. Unless otherwise stated, data are presented as the mean (SD). RESULTS Twenty-eight patients [75% males, 55 (22.5) years] were included. Intake met 64% (28%) of estimated energy and 72% (32%) of protein requirements over the 5 days post-ICU discharge, which was similar to over the ICU admission. From ICU admission to hospital discharge, the mean reduction in weight was 4.2 kg (95% confidence interval = 2.2-6.3, P < 0.001) and after ICU discharge, the mean reduction in weight and QMLT was 2.6 kg (95% confidence interval = 1.0-4.2, P = 0.004) and 0.23 cm (95% confidence interval = 0.06-0.4, P = 0.01), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients received less energy and protein than estimated requirements after ICU discharge. Weight loss and reduction in QMLT also occurred during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wittholz
- Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K Fetterplace
- Department of Allied Health (Clinical Nutrition), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Clode
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - E S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - C M MacIsaac
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R Judson
- Department of Trauma, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J J Presneill
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A M Deane
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Medical School, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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16
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El Masri A, Kolt GS, George ES. Country of birth differences in lifestyle-related chronic disease among middle-aged and older adults of Lebanese ethnicity. Aust N Z J Public Health 2019; 43:429-435. [PMID: 31339603 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine country of birth differences in the odds of reporting chronic diseases among those of Lebanese ethnicity in comparison to those of Australian ethnicity. METHODS Participants were 41,940 Australians aged 45 years and older, sampled from the 45 and Up Study baseline dataset. Participants included those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Lebanon (n=401), Australia (n=331) and other countries (n=73); and those of Australian ethnicity (n=41,135). Logistic regression models were conducted to examine differences in the odds of reporting chronic disease between those of Lebanese ethnicity and those of Australian ethnicity. RESULTS Those of Lebanese ethnicity had higher odds of reporting diabetes (OR 1.62; 95%CI 1.32-2.00) and lower odds of reporting hypertension (OR 0.82; 95%CI 0.70-0.96) when compared with those of Australian ethnicity. After country of birth stratification, only those born in Lebanon had higher odds of reporting diabetes (OR 2.21; 95%CI 1.71-2.85) and also had lower odds of reporting cancer (OR 0.66; 95%CI 0.46-0.97), when compared with those of Australian ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS Country of birth differences in health exist among those of Lebanese ethnicity. Implications for public health: Country of birth is an important factor that could assist in explaining differences in health among ethnic groups of the same origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen El Masri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales
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17
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Kolt GS, Wood T, Duncan MJ, Caperchione CM, Maeder AJ, Rosenkranz RR, Savage TN, Van Italie A, Mummery WK, Vandelanotte C, George ES. The Effect ofa Web-based Physical Activity Promotion Program on Sedentary Behavior. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000537010.02629.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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MacMillan F, George ES, Feng X, Merom D, Bennie A, Cook A, Sanders T, Dwyer G, Pang B, Guagliano JM, Kolt GS, Astell-Burt T. Do Natural Experiments of Changes in Neighborhood Built Environment Impact Physical Activity and Diet? A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:E217. [PMID: 29373567 PMCID: PMC5858286 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and diet are major modifiable risk factors for chronic disease and have been shown to be associated with neighborhood built environment. Systematic review evidence from longitudinal studies on the impact of changing the built environment on physical activity and diet is currently lacking. A systematic review of natural experiments of neighborhood built environment was conducted. The aims of this systematic review were to summarize study characteristics, study quality, and impact of changes in neighborhood built environment on physical activity and diet outcomes among residents. Natural experiments of neighborhood built environment change, exploring longitudinal impacts on physical activity and/or diet in residents, were included. From five electronic databases, 2084 references were identified. A narrative synthesis was conducted, considering results in relation to study quality. Nineteen papers, reporting on 15 different exposures met inclusion criteria. Four studies included a comparison group and 11 were pre-post/longitudinal studies without a comparison group. Studies reported on the impact of redeveloping or introducing cycle and/or walking trails (n = 5), rail stops/lines (n = 4), supermarkets and farmers' markets (n = 4) and park and green space (n = 2). Eight/15 studies reported at least one beneficial change in physical activity, diet or another associated health outcome. Due to limitations in study design and reporting, as well as the wide array of outcome measures reported, drawing conclusions to inform policy was challenging. Future research should consider a consistent approach to measure the same outcomes (e.g., using measurement methods that collect comparable physical activity and diet outcome data), to allow for pooled analyses. Additionally, including comparison groups wherever possible and ensuring high quality reporting is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya MacMillan
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Dafna Merom
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Andrew Bennie
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Amelia Cook
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Taren Sanders
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia.
| | - Genevieve Dwyer
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Bonnie Pang
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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19
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MacMillan F, Karamacoska D, El Masri A, McBride KA, Steiner GZ, Cook A, Kolt GS, Klupp N, George ES. A systematic review of health promotion intervention studies in the police force: study characteristics, intervention design and impacts on health. Occup Environ Med 2017; 74:913-923. [PMID: 29066612 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To systematically review studies of health promotion intervention in the police force. Four databases were searched for articles reporting on prepost single and multigroup studies in police officers and trainees. Data were extracted and bias assessed to evaluate study characteristics, intervention design and the impact of interventions on health. Database searching identified 25 articles reporting on 21 studies relevant to the aims of this review. Few studies (n=3) were of long duration (≥6 months). Nine of 21 studies evaluated structured physical activity and/or diet programmes only, 5 studies used education and behaviour change support-only interventions, 5 combined structured programmes with education and behaviour change support, and 2 studies used computer prompts to minimise sedentary behaviour. A wide array of lifestyle behaviour and health outcomes was measured, with 11/13 multigroup and 8/8 single-group studies reporting beneficial impacts on outcomes. High risk of bias was evident across most studies. In those with the lowest risk of bias (n=2), a large effect on blood pressure and small effects on diet, sleep quality, stress and tobacco use, were reported. Health promotion interventions can impact beneficially on health of the police force, particularly blood pressure, diet, sleep, stress and tobacco use. Limited reporting made comparison of findings challenging. Combined structured programmes with education and behaviour change support and programmes including peer support resulted in the most impact on health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya MacMillan
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana Karamacoska
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aymen El Masri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate A McBride
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Genevieve Z Steiner
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- NICM, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amelia Cook
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nerida Klupp
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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El Masri A, Kolt GS, Astell-Burt T, George ES. Lifestyle behaviours of Lebanese-Australians: Cross-sectional findings from The 45 and Up Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181217. [PMID: 28704508 PMCID: PMC5509310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known regarding the health and lifestyle behaviours of Australians of Lebanese ethnicity. The available evidence suggests that Australians of Lebanese ethnicity who were born in Lebanon reportedly have higher rates of cardiovascular disease-related and type 2 diabetes-related complications when compared with the wider Australian population. The aim of this study is to compare lifestyle behaviours of middle-aged to older adults of Lebanese ethnicity born in Lebanon, Australia, and elsewhere to those of Australian ethnicity. Participants were 37,419 Australians aged ≥45 years, from the baseline dataset of The 45 and Up Study which included 4 groups of interest: those of Australian ethnicity (n = 36,707) [Reference]; those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Lebanon (n = 346); 302 those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Australia (n = 302); and those of Lebanese ethnicity born elsewhere (n = 64). Multilevel logistic regression was used to examine the odds of those of Lebanese ethnicity reporting suboptimal lifestyle behaviours (insufficient physical activity, prolonged sitting, smoking, sleep duration, and various diet-related behaviours) relative to those of Australian ethnicity. Multilevel linear regression was used to examine the clustering of suboptimal lifestyle behaviours through a ‘lifestyle index’ score ranging from 0–9 (sum of all lifestyle behaviours for each subject). The lifestyle index score was lower among Lebanese-born (-0.36, 95% CI -0.51, -0.22, p<0.001) and Australian-born (-0.17, 95% CI -0.32, -0.02, p = 0.031) people of Lebanese ethnicity in comparison to those of Australian ethnicity. Those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Lebanon had higher odds of reporting suboptimal lifestyle behaviours for physical activity, smoking, and sleep duration, and lower odds of reporting optimal lifestyle behaviours for sitting time, fruit, processed meat, and alcohol consumption, when compared with those of Australian ethnicity. Differences in the individual lifestyle behaviours for those of Lebanese ethnicity born in Australia and elsewhere compared with those of Australian ethnicity were fewer. Lifestyle behaviours of those of Lebanese ethnicity vary by country of birth and a lower level of suboptimal lifestyle behaviour clustering was apparent among Lebanese-born and Australian-born middle-aged to older adults of Lebanese ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymen El Masri
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kolt GS, Demirdjian R, George ES, Smith E. Relationship Between Time Spent Sedentary and Psychological Distress in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000518183.34937.f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guagliano JM, Lonsdale C, Kolt GS, Rosenkranz RR, George ES. Increasing girls' physical activity during a short-term organized youth sport basketball program: A randomized controlled trial. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 18:412-7. [PMID: 25728339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the short-term efficacy of coach education on basketball players' physical activity (PA) intensity during practices. Intervention effects on players' motivation were also investigated. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. METHODS This study took place over the course of a 5-day organized youth sport (OYS) basketball program in 2 sports centres in Greater Western Sydney, Australia (September, 2013). A convenience sample of 76 players and 8 coaches were recruited. Players were girls aged 9 to 12 years. Following the first 2 days of the basketball program, coaches allocated into the intervention condition attended 2 coach education sessions where strategies to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decrease inactivity were discussed. Each coach education session lasted approximately 2h. RESULTS Compared to the control group, players in the intervention group spent a significantly higher proportion of practice time in MVPA (mean difference [MD]=14.6%; standard error [SE]=2.2%), vigorous PA (VPA; MD=12.6%; SE=1.9%), moderate PA (MD=2.0%; SE=0.5%) and a significantly lower proportion of practice time inactive (MD=-14.5%; SE=2.3%) from baseline to follow-up. There were no significant changes in motivation from baseline to follow-up in either group. CONCLUSIONS Brief coach education sessions can increase MVPA and decrease inactivity without deleterious effects on players' motivation. Also, substantial increases in VPA were found, which is an important finding because VPA has been associated with health benefits, over and above benefits accrued from lower-intensity activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Guagliano
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard R Rosenkranz
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Duncan M, Vandelanotte C, Kolt GS, Rosenkranz RR, Caperchione CM, George ES, Ding H, Hooker C, Karunanithi M, Maeder AJ, Noakes M, Tague R, Taylor P, Viljoen P, Mummery WK. Effectiveness of a web- and mobile phone-based intervention to promote physical activity and healthy eating in middle-aged males: randomized controlled trial of the ManUp study. J Med Internet Res 2014; 16:e136. [PMID: 24927299 PMCID: PMC4090375 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high number of adult males engaging in low levels of physical activity and poor dietary practices, and the health risks posed by these behaviors, necessitate broad-reaching intervention strategies. Information technology (IT)-based (Web and mobile phone) interventions can be accessed by large numbers of people, yet there are few reported IT-based interventions targeting males' physical activity and dietary practices. OBJECTIVE This study examines the effectiveness of a 9-month IT-based intervention (ManUp) to improve the physical activity, dietary behaviors, and health literacy in middle-aged males compared to a print-based intervention. METHODS Participants, recruited offline (eg, newspaper ads), were randomized into either an IT-based or print-based intervention arm on a 2:1 basis in favor of the fully automated IT-based arm. Participants were adult males aged 35-54 years living in 2 regional cities in Queensland, Australia, who could access the Internet, owned a mobile phone, and were able to increase their activity level. The intervention, ManUp, was based on social cognitive and self-regulation theories and specifically designed to target males. Educational materials were provided and self-monitoring of physical activity and nutrition behaviors was promoted. Intervention content was the same in both intervention arms; only the delivery mode differed. Content could be accessed throughout the 9-month study period. Participants' physical activity, dietary behaviors, and health literacy were measured using online surveys at baseline, 3 months, and 9 months. RESULTS A total of 301 participants completed baseline assessments, 205 in the IT-based arm and 96 in the print-based arm. A total of 124 participants completed all 3 assessments. There were no significant between-group differences in physical activity and dietary behaviors (P≥.05). Participants reported an increased number of minutes and sessions of physical activity at 3 months (exp(β)=1.45, 95% CI 1.09-1.95; exp(β)=1.61, 95% CI 1.17-2.22) and 9 months (exp(β)=1.55, 95% CI 1.14-2.10; exp(β)=1.51, 95% CI 1.15-2.00). Overall dietary behaviors improved at 3 months (exp(β)=1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.11) and 9 months (exp(β)=1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.13). The proportion of participants in both groups eating higher-fiber bread and low-fat milk increased at 3 months (exp(β)=2.25, 95% CI 1.29-3.92; exp(β)=1.65, 95% CI 1.07-2.55). Participants in the IT-based arm were less likely to report that 30 minutes of physical activity per day improves health (exp(β)=0.48, 95% CI 0.26-0.90) and more likely to report that vigorous intensity physical activity 3 times per week is essential (exp(β)=1.70, 95% CI 1.02-2.82). The average number of log-ins to the IT platform at 3 and 9 months was 6.99 (SE 0.86) and 9.22 (SE 1.47), respectively. The average number of self-monitoring entries at 3 and 9 months was 16.69 (SE 2.38) and 22.51 (SE 3.79), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ManUp intervention was effective in improving physical activity and dietary behaviors in middle-aged males with no significant differences between IT- and print-based delivery modes. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12611000081910; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12611000081910 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6QHIWad63).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health, Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.
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George ES, Kolt GS, Rosenkranz RR, Guagliano JM. An Intervention To Increase Physical Activity And Reduce Sedentary Time In Middle-aged Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493484.40861.ba] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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George ES, Kolt GS, Rosenkranz RR, Guagliano JM. Physical activity and sedentary time: male perceptions in a university work environment. Am J Mens Health 2013; 8:148-58. [PMID: 23966228 DOI: 10.1177/1557988313497217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary time in males can be challenging, and interventions tailored specifically for males are limited. Understanding male perceptions of physical activity and sedentary behavior is important to inform development of relevant interventions, especially for males working in an office setting. As part of a larger intervention study to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary time, male university employees aged 35 to 64 years were invited to partake in focus groups to discuss benefits, motivators, and barriers related to physical activity and sedentary time. Five semistructured focus group sessions, ranging from 50 to 70 minutes in duration, were conducted on two campuses at an Australian university. A total of 15 participants (9 academic/faculty staff and 6 professional staff), with a mean (± SD) age of 46.1 (±8.0) years took part in the study. Health and family were commonly discussed motivators for physical activity, whereas time constraints and work commitments were major barriers to physical activity participation. Sedentary time was a perceived "by-product" of participants' university employment, as a substantial proportion of their days were spent sitting, primarily at a computer. Participants believed that physical activity should be recognized as a legitimate activity at work, embedded within the university culture and endorsed using a top-down approach. It is important to encourage breaks in sedentary time and recognize physical activity as a legitimate health-promoting activity that is supported and encouraged during working hours. These findings can be used as a platform from which to develop targeted strategies to promote physical activity in male university employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S George
- 1University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Vandelanotte C, Caperchione CM, Ellison M, George ES, Maeder A, Kolt GS, Duncan MJ, Karunanithi M, Noakes M, Hooker C, Viljoen P, Mummery WK. What kinds of website and mobile phone-delivered physical activity and nutrition interventions do middle-aged men want? J Health Commun 2013; 18:1070-1083. [PMID: 23647448 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2013.768731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Within a health context, men in Western societies are a hard-to-reach population who experience higher rates of chronic disease compared with women. Innovative technology-based interventions that specifically target men are needed; however, little is known about how these should be developed for this group. This study aimed to examine opinions and perceptions regarding the use of Internet and mobile phones to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviors for middle-aged men. The authors conducted 6 focus groups (n = 30) in Queensland, Australia. Their analyses identified 6 themes: (a) Internet experience, (b) website characteristics, (c) Web 2.0 applications, (d) website features, (e) self-monitoring, and (f) mobile phones as delivery method. The outcomes indicate that men support the use of the Internet to improve and self-monitor physical activity and dietary behaviors on the condition that the website-delivered interventions are quick and easy to use, because commitment levels to engage in online tasks are low. Participants also indicated that they were reluctant to use normal mobile phones to change health behaviors, although smartphones were perceived to be more acceptable. This pilot study suggests that there are viable avenues to engage middle-aged men in Internet- or in mobile-delivered health interventions. This study also suggests that to be successful, these interventions need to be tailor-made especially for men, with an emphasis on usability and convenience. A wider quantitative study would bring further support to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneel Vandelanotte
- Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia.
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George ES, Rosenkranz RR, Kolt GS. Chronic disease and sitting time in middle-aged Australian males: findings from the 45 and Up Study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10:20. [PMID: 23394382 PMCID: PMC3571940 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to females, males experience a range of health inequities including higher rates of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although sitting time is emerging as a distinct risk factor for chronic disease, research on the association of sitting time and chronic disease in middle-aged Australian males is limited. Methods A sample of 63,048 males aged 45-64 years was drawn from the baseline dataset of the 45 and Up Study – a longitudinal cohort study on healthy ageing with 267,153 participants from across New South Wales, Australia’s most populous state. Baseline data on self-reported chronic disease (heart disease, cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, combined chronic diseases), sitting time, physical activity (Active Australia Survey), and a range of covariates were used for cross-sectional analyses. Crude (OR), partially and fully adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using binary logistic regression. Results Compared to those sitting <4 hours/day, participants reporting 4 to <6, 6 to <8, and ≥8 hours were significantly more likely to report ever having any chronic disease (AOR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00 – 1.12, p = 0.050; AOR 1.10, 95% CI 1.03 – 1.16, p = 0.003; AOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03 – 1.15, p = 0.002, respectively). Participants who reported 6 to <8 hours and ≥8 hours of sitting were also significantly more likely to report ever having diabetes than those reporting <4 hours/day (AOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 – 1.28, p = 0.016; AOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09 – 1.33, p <0.001, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that higher volumes of sitting time are significantly associated with diabetes and overall chronic disease, independent of physical activity and other potentially confounding factors. Prospective studies using valid and reliable measures into domain-specific sitting time in middle-aged males are required to understand and explain the direction of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S George
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Taylor PJ, Kolt GS, Vandelanotte C, Caperchione CM, Mummery WK, George ES, Karunanithi M, Noakes MJ. A review of the nature and effectiveness of nutrition interventions in adult males--a guide for intervention strategies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10:13. [PMID: 23360498 PMCID: PMC3575262 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Energy excess, low fruit and vegetable intake and other suboptimal dietary habits contribute to an increased poor health and the burden of disease in males. However the best way to engage males into nutrition programs remains unclear. This review provides a critical evaluation of the nature and effectiveness of nutrition interventions that target the adult male population. Methods A search for full-text publications was conducted using The Cochrane Library; Web of Science; SCOPUS; MEDLINE and CINAHL. Studies were included if 1) published from January 1990 to August 2011 and 2) male only studies (≥18 years) or 3) where males contributed to >90% of the active cohort. A study must have described, (i) a significant change (p<0.05) over time in an objective measure of body weight, expressed in kilograms (kg) OR Body Mass Index (BMI) OR (ii) at least one significant change (p<0.05) in a dietary intake measure to qualify as effective. To identify emerging patterns within the research a descriptive process was used. Results Nine studies were included. Sample sizes ranged from 53 to 5042 male participants, with study durations ranging from 12 weeks to 24 months. Overlap was seen with eight of the nine studies including a weight management component whilst six studies focused on achieving changes in dietary intake patterns relating to modifications of fruit, vegetable, dairy and total fat intakes and three studies primarily focused on achieving weight loss through caloric restriction. Intervention effectiveness was identified for seven of the nine studies. Five studies reported significant positive changes in weight (kg) and/or BMI (kg/m2) changes (p≤0.05). Four studies had effective interventions (p<0.05) targeting determinants of dietary intake and dietary behaviours and/or nutritional intake. Intervention features, which appeared to be associated with better outcomes, include the delivery of quantitative information on diet and the use of self-monitoring and tailored feedback. Conclusion Uncertainty remains as to the features of successful nutrition interventions for males due to limited details provided for nutrition intervention protocols, variability in mode of delivery and comparisons between delivery modes as well as content of information provided to participants between studies. This review offers knowledge to guide researchers in making informed decisions on how to best utilise resources in interventions to engage adult males while highlighting the need for improved reporting of intervention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pennie J Taylor
- Clinical Research Unit, CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, South Australia 5000, Australia.
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Duncan MJ, Vandelanotte C, Rosenkranz RR, Caperchione CM, Ding H, Ellison M, George ES, Hooker C, Karunanithi M, Kolt GS, Maeder A, Noakes M, Tague R, Taylor P, Viljoen P, Mummery WK. Effectiveness of a website and mobile phone based physical activity and nutrition intervention for middle-aged males: trial protocol and baseline findings of the ManUp Study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:656. [PMID: 22894747 PMCID: PMC3507858 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to females, males experience higher rates of chronic disease and mortality, yet few health promotion initiatives are specifically aimed at men. Therefore, the aim of the ManUp Study is to examine the effectiveness of an IT-based intervention to increase the physical activity and nutrition behaviour and literacy in middle-aged males (aged 35-54 years). METHOD/DESIGN The study design was a two-arm randomised controlled trial, having an IT-based (applying website and mobile phones) and a print-based intervention arm, to deliver intervention materials and to promote self-monitoring of physical activity and nutrition behaviours. Participants (n = 317) were randomised on a 2:1 ratio in favour of the IT-based intervention arm. Both intervention arms completed assessments at baseline, 3, and 9 months. All participants completed self-report assessments of physical activity, sitting time, nutrition behaviours, physical activity and nutrition literacy, perceived health status and socio-demographic characteristics. A randomly selected sub-sample in the IT-based (n = 61) and print-based (n = 30) intervention arms completed objective measures of height, weight, waist circumference, and physical activity as measured by accelerometer (Actigraph GT3X). The average age of participants in the IT-based and print-based intervention arm was 44.2 and 43.8 years respectively. The majority of participants were employed in professional occupations (IT-based 57.6%, Print-based 54.2%) and were overweight or obese (IT-based 90.8%, Print-based 87.3%). At baseline a lower proportion of participants in the IT-based (70.2%) group agreed that 30 minutes of physical activity each day is enough to improve health compared to the print-based (82.3%) group (p = .026). The IT-based group consumed a significantly lower number of serves of red meat in the previous week, compared to the print-based group (p = .017). No other significant between-group differences were observed at baseline. DISCUSSION The ManUp Study will examine the effectiveness of an IT-based approach to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviour and literacy. Study outcomes will provide much needed information on the efficacy of this approach in middle aged males, which is important due to the large proportions of males at risk, and the potential reach of IT-based interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12611000081910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitch J Duncan
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4700, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4700, Australia
| | - Richard R Rosenkranz
- Kansas State University, Department of Human Nutrition, , Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, United States
| | - Cristina M Caperchione
- University of British Columbia, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Hang Ding
- CSIRO, The Australian eHealth Research Centre, ICT Centre, Level 5, UQ Health Sciences Building 901/16, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Marcus Ellison
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4700, Australia
| | - Emma S George
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Cindy Hooker
- Central Queensland University, Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Centre for Physical Activity Studies, Bruce Highway, Rockhampton, QLD 4700, Australia
| | - Mohan Karunanithi
- CSIRO, The Australian eHealth Research Centre, ICT Centre, Level 5, UQ Health Sciences Building 901/16, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, 4029, Australia
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- University of Western Sydney, School of Science and Health, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Anthony Maeder
- University of Western Sydney, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Tele-Health Research and Innovation Laboratory, Narellan Road, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Manny Noakes
- CSIRO, Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 10041, Adelaide, BC, 5000, Australia
| | - Rhys Tague
- University of Western Sydney, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Tele-Health Research and Innovation Laboratory, Narellan Road, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia
| | - Pennie Taylor
- CSIRO, Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 10041, Adelaide, BC, 5000, Australia
| | - Pierre Viljoen
- Central Queensland University, Boundary Road, Mackay, QLD, 4740, Australia
| | - W Kerry Mummery
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
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George ES, Kolt GS, Duncan MJ, Caperchione CM, Mummery WK, Vandelanotte C, Taylor P, Noakes M. A Review of the Effectiveness of Physical Activity Interventions for Adult Males. Sports Med 2012; 42:281-300. [PMID: 22350570 DOI: 10.2165/11597220-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma S George
- University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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