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David M, Magaletti E, Kraus R, Marini M. Vulnerability to bioinvasions: Current status, risk assessment and management of ballast water through a regional approach - the Adriatic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 147:1-7. [PMID: 31262500 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The United Nations recognised the transfer of invasive species across natural barriers as one of the greatest pressures to the world's oceans and seas. The BWM Convention sets the global standards on ballast water management (BWM) requirements, while recognising that regional and local specifics have to be considered for its effective implementation. In the Adriatic Sea cross-border activities were conducted to provide for essential information/data and tools to support a regionally coordinated implementation of the BWM Convention. This special issue contains 18 publications that include results and recommendations from studying the ballast water and management issues through sampling of ballast water on vessels, risk assessment for exemptions and BWM, biological and chemical port baseline surveys and monitoring conducted in ports along the Adriatic Sea coast, oceanographic conditions, ballast water sediment issues and their management in ports, and the implementation options of the BWM Convention through the Adriatic States' environmental law and institutions cooperation. Essential data and tools to support a regional approach in the implementation of the BWM Convention were provided, and are therefore available to the administrations of the Adriatic countries to enable protection of the Adriatic Sea environment, human health property and resources from negative impacts of ballast water being discharged in the area. Data, approaches and tools provided here may be helpful in any other region to support an effective BWM Convention implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej David
- Dr. Matej David Consult, Korte 13e, 6310 Izola, Slovenia.
| | - Erika Magaletti
- ISPRA - National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Romina Kraus
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Mauro Marini
- National Research Council, CNR-IRBIM, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
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2
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Azzurro E, Bolognini L, Dragičević B, Drakulović D, Dulčić J, Fanelli E, Grati F, Kolitari J, Lipej L, Magaletti E, Marković O, Matić-Skoko S, Mavrič B, Milone N, Joksimović A, Tomanić J, Scarpato A, Tutman P, Vrdoljak D, Zappacosta F. Detecting the occurrence of indigenous and non-indigenous megafauna through fishermen knowledge: A complementary tool to coastal and port surveys. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 147:229-236. [PMID: 29336825 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Marine bioinvasions and other rapid biodiversity changes require today integrating existing monitoring tools with other complementary detection strategies to provide a more efficient management. Here we explored the efficacy of fishermen observations and traditional port surveys to effectively track the occurrence of both indigenous and non-indigenous megafauna in the Adriatic Sea. This consisted mainly of mobile taxa such as fishes, crustaceans and molluscs. Port surveys using traps and nets within 10 major Adriatic harbours, were compared with the information obtained from 153 interviews with local fishermen. Information gathered by traps and nets varied significantly and generally resulted of limited efficacy in exotic species detection. Interviews allowed tracking the occurrence of new species through time and space, providing complementary knowledge at the low cost. This combined approach improves our capability of being informed on the arrival of species of different origin, providing a more rational, improved basis for environmental management and decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Azzurro
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Livorno, Italy.
| | - L Bolognini
- ISMAR, Institute of Marine Science - CNR, National Research Council, Ancona, Italy
| | - B Dragičević
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - D Drakulović
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro
| | - J Dulčić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - E Fanelli
- DiSVA - Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Grati
- ISMAR, Institute of Marine Science - CNR, National Research Council, Ancona, Italy
| | - J Kolitari
- Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - L Lipej
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
| | - E Magaletti
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - O Marković
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro
| | - S Matić-Skoko
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - B Mavrič
- Marine Biology Station, National Institute of Biology, Piran, Slovenia
| | - N Milone
- FAO ADRIAMED Project, FAO, Rome, Italy
| | - A Joksimović
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro
| | - J Tomanić
- Institute of Marine Biology, University of Montenegro, Kotor, Montenegro
| | - A Scarpato
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - P Tutman
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - D Vrdoljak
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Split, Croatia
| | - F Zappacosta
- ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy
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Kraus R, Ninčević-Gladan Ž, Auriemma R, Bastianini M, Bolognini L, Cabrini M, Cara M, Čalić M, Campanelli A, Cvitković I, Despalatović M, Dragičević B, Drakulović D, Dulčić J, Flander-Putrle V, Grati F, Grego M, Grilli F, Jaklin A, Janeković I, Kolitari J, Lipej L, Magaletti E, Marini M, Matić-Skoko S, Mavrič B, Mikuš J, Mozetič P, Orlando-Bonaca M, Petović S, Precali R, Supić N, Trabucco B, Travizi A, Žuljević A. Strategy of port baseline surveys (PBS) in the Adriatic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 147:47-58. [PMID: 30318309 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Port baseline surveys (PBS) provide species inventories in and around ports, with a focus on non-indigenous species that may have been introduced by vessels, primarily via ballast water. PBS are an essential tool to support effective management strategies for non-indigenous as well as native harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens (HAOP). This paper describes the methodology of PBS that were conducted in 12 Adriatic ports. The PBS employed existing protocols that were adapted to meet the characteristics of the Adriatic sites. Their results are reported in several papers included in this special issue, each of which is devoted to a specific community. An overview of existing surveys protocols - which provide valuable support to decision-making and to design effective monitoring of non-indigenous species - is also supplied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Kraus
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliage 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Živana Ninčević-Gladan
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Rocco Auriemma
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Oceanography section, via Auguste Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mauro Bastianini
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Arsenale Tesa 104 Castello 2737/f, 30122 Venice, Italy.
| | - Luca Bolognini
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marina Cabrini
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale, Oceanography section, via Auguste Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Magdalena Cara
- Agricultural University of Tirana, Kodër Kamëz, SH1, 1000 Tirana, Albania.
| | - Marijeta Čalić
- University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Kneza Damjana Jude 12, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.
| | - Alessandra Campanelli
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Ivan Cvitković
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Marija Despalatović
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Branko Dragičević
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Dragana Drakulović
- University of Montenegro, Institute of Marine Biology, Dobrota bb, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro.
| | - Jakov Dulčić
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Flander-Putrle
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Fabio Grati
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Mateja Grego
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Federica Grilli
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Andrej Jaklin
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliage 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Ivica Janeković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; The University of Western Australia, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering & UWA Oceans Institute, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Jerina Kolitari
- Agricultural University of Tirana, Kodër Kamëz, SH1, 1000 Tirana, Albania.
| | - Lovrenc Lipej
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Erika Magaletti
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mauro Marini
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Sciences, Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Sanja Matić-Skoko
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Borut Mavrič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Josip Mikuš
- University of Dubrovnik, Department of Aquaculture, Ćira Carića 4, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia.
| | - Patricija Mozetič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Martina Orlando-Bonaca
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornače 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia.
| | - Slavica Petović
- University of Montenegro, Institute of Marine Biology, Dobrota bb, 85330 Kotor, Montenegro.
| | - Robert Precali
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliage 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Nastjenjka Supić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliage 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Benedetta Trabucco
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ana Travizi
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Research, G. Paliage 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia.
| | - Ante Žuljević
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Šetalište I. Meštrovića 63, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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Romanelli G, Berto D, Calace N, Amici M, Maltese S, Formalewicz M, Campanelli A, Marini M, Magaletti E, Scarpato A. Ballast water management system: Assessment of chemical quality status of several ports in Adriatic Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 147:86-97. [PMID: 29361280 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidant treatment of ballast water (BW) is commonly used in BW systems in order to minimize the transport of alien species. The release of disinfection by-products (DBPs) associated to the treatment of BW and cross-contamination of butyltin (BT) compounds through BW discharge is a topic of environmental concern. A chemical port baseline survey has been conducted in seven ports of the Adriatic Sea. Analysis have been performed on transplanted mussels, surface sediment, seawater, BW. Results showed an evidence of BT contamination, particularly in sediments, probably related to their illegal usage or to intensive shipping activities. Therefore, BW may act as a vector and contribute to re-buildup of BT contamination in the coastal regions. A baseline set of data concerning DBPs is provided, showing the preferential distribution of these compounds in the marine environment that will be useful for future considerations on monitoring and assessment of chemical contamination associated with BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Romanelli
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - D Berto
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Brondolo, 30015 Chioggia, Italy.
| | - N Calace
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - M Amici
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - S Maltese
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - M Formalewicz
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Brondolo, 30015 Chioggia, Italy
| | - A Campanelli
- Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR ISMAR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - M Marini
- Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Scienze Marine (CNR ISMAR), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - E Magaletti
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - A Scarpato
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
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5
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Cabrini M, Cerino F, de Olazabal A, Di Poi E, Fabbro C, Fornasaro D, Goruppi A, Flander-Putrle V, Francé J, Gollasch S, Hure M, Lipej L, Lučić D, Magaletti E, Mozetič P, Tinta T, Tornambè A, Turk V, Uhan J, David M. Potential transfer of aquatic organisms via ballast water with a particular focus on harmful and non-indigenous species: A survey from Adriatic ports. Mar Pollut Bull 2019; 147:16-35. [PMID: 29454492 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ballast water discharges may cause negative impacts to aquatic ecosystems, human health and economic activities by the introduction of potentially harmful species. Fifty untreated ballast water tanks, ten in each port, were sampled in four Adriatic Italian ports and one Slovenian port. Salinity, temperature and fluorescence were measured on board. Faecal indicator bacteria (FIB), phyto- and zooplankton were qualitatively and quantitatively determined to identify the species assemblage arriving in ballast water. FIB exceeded the convention standard limits in 12% of the sampled tanks. Vibrio cholerae was not detected. The number of viable organisms in the size groups (minimum dimension) <50 and ≥10 μm and ≥50 μm resulted above the abundances required from the Ballast Water Management Convention in 55 and 86% of the samples, respectively. This is not surprising as unmanaged ballast waters were sampled. Some potentially toxic and non-indigenous species were observed in both phyto- and zooplankton assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cabrini
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, (OGS), Section of Oceanography, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy.
| | - F Cerino
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, (OGS), Section of Oceanography, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - A de Olazabal
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, (OGS), Section of Oceanography, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Di Poi
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, (OGS), Section of Oceanography, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Fabbro
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, (OGS), Section of Oceanography, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - D Fornasaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, (OGS), Section of Oceanography, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - A Goruppi
- Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale, (OGS), Section of Oceanography, Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - V Flander-Putrle
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - J Francé
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - S Gollasch
- Gollasch Consulting (GoConsult), Grosse Brunnenstrasse 61, 22763 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Hure
- University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - L Lipej
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - D Lučić
- University of Dubrovnik, Institute for Marine and Coastal Research, Dubrovnik, Croatia
| | - E Magaletti
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - P Mozetič
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - T Tinta
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - A Tornambè
- Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati, 48, 00144 Roma, Italy
| | - V Turk
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - J Uhan
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station Piran, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia; Vina Gorica 17, 8210 Trebnje, Slovenia
| | - M David
- Dr.Matej David Consult d.o.o., Korte 13 e, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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Tornambè A, Manfra L, Canepa S, Oteri F, Martuccio G, Cicero AM, Magaletti E. Adaptation of the fish juvenile growth test (OECD TG 215, 2000) to the marine species Dicentrarchus labrax. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 148:1090-1095. [PMID: 26765670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The OECD TG 215 method (2000) (C.14 method of EC Regulation 440/2008) was developed on the rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) to assess chronic toxicity (28d) of chemicals on fish juveniles. It contemplates to use other well documented species identifying suitable conditions to evaluate their growth. OECD proposes the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L. 1758) as Mediterranean species among vertebrates recommended in the OECD guidelines for the toxicity testing of chemicals. In this context, our study is aimed to proposing the adaptation of the growth test (OECD TG 215, 2000) to D. labrax. For this purpose toxicity tests were performed with sodium dodecyl sulfate, a reference toxicant commonly used in fish toxicity assays. The main aspects of the testing procedure were reviewed: fish size (weight), environmental conditions, dilution water type, experimental design, loading rate and stocking density, feeding (food type and ration), test validity criteria. The experience gained from growth tests with the sea bass allows to promote its inclusion among the species to be used for the C.14 method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tornambè
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy.
| | - L Manfra
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - S Canepa
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - F Oteri
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - G Martuccio
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - A M Cicero
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - E Magaletti
- ISPRA, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
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7
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Manfra L, Tornambè A, Guyomarch J, Le Guerrogue P, Kerambrun L, Rotini A, Savorelli F, Onorati F, Magaletti E. Dispersant approval procedures in France and Italy: A comparative ecotoxicity study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 143:180-185. [PMID: 28550804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A research project has been performed to the request of the RAMOGE Executive Secretariat to identify differences between dispersant approval procedures in France and Italy and propose ways to harmonize them. A collaborative study has been conducted by CEDRE (Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution) and ISPRA (Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research) to: a) compare current approval procedures in Italy and France with identification of differences and commonalities; b) carry out toxicity tests using both procedures on two selected dispersants; c) propose a common approach between Italy and France. The results showed that, because of the differences in ecotoxicological tests and in the evaluation criteria used, the outcomes on the same products could be different in Italy and in France. Both tested dispersants met the French requirements for approval (LC50 ≥ 10 times reference toxicant), while only one dispersant met the Italian approval criterion (EC50 > 10mg/L). A possible way of harmonizing the approval procedures could be to increase the number of test organisms in the French procedure, which currently only uses one crustacean species. Furthermore, a common criterion for toxicity assessment should be discussed and agreed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Manfra
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples, Italy.
| | - Andrea Tornambè
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy.
| | - Julien Guyomarch
- Centre Of Documentation, Research And Experimentation On Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), France.
| | - Pascale Le Guerrogue
- Centre Of Documentation, Research And Experimentation On Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), France.
| | - Loïc Kerambrun
- Centre Of Documentation, Research And Experimentation On Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), France.
| | - Alice Rotini
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Savorelli
- Regional Agency for Environmental Protection in Emilia-Romagna (ARPA ER), Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Onorati
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy.
| | - Erika Magaletti
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy.
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8
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Tornambè A, Manfra L, Mariani L, Faraponova O, Onorati F, Savorelli F, Cicero AM, Virno Lamberti C, Magaletti E. Toxicity evaluation of diethylene glycol and its combined effects with produced waters of off-shore gas platforms in the Adriatic Sea (Italy): bioassays with marine/estuarine species. Mar Environ Res 2012; 77:141-149. [PMID: 22245535 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Diethylene glycol (DEG) is commonly used to dehydrate natural gas in off-shore extraction plants and to prevent formation of gas hydrates. It may be released into the sea accidentally or in discharged produced waters (PWs). PWs samples from off-shore gas platforms in the Adriatic Sea (Italy) have been used in this study. The objectives of the study were: a) to evaluate the toxicity of DEG for marine organisms; b) to evaluate if a high DEG content in PWs may alter their toxicity; c) to verify whether the DEG threshold concentration established by the Italian legislation (3.5 g/l) for PWs discharged at sea is safe for marine environment. Ten different species (Vibrio fischeri, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia franciscana, Tigropus fulvus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, Tapes philippinarum and Dicentrarchus labrax) have been exposed to DEG; four of these species were also exposed to PWs in combination with DEG. The results showed that: a) DEG is not toxic at levels normally detected in Adriatic PWs; b) DEG in combination with PW showed mainly additive or synergistic effects; c) short-term bioassays showed that the DEG limit of 3.5 g/l could be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tornambè
- ISPRA - Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, via di Casalotti, 300 - 00166 Rome, Italy.
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9
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Della Torre C, Tornambè A, Cappello S, Mariottini M, Perra G, Giuliani S, Amato E, Falugi C, Crisari A, Yakimov MM, Magaletti E. Modulation of CYP1A and genotoxic effects in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) exposed to weathered oil: a mesocosm study. Mar Environ Res 2012; 76:48-55. [PMID: 21963215 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess medium-term toxicity of weathered oil on European seabass. A mesocosm system reproducing an oil spill at sea was applied. Fish were collected after 48 h, 7, 30 and 60 days. Cyp1a gene transcription, EROD and UDPGT activities, bile PAHs metabolites and micronuclei frequency were investigated. A progressive disappearance of low molecular weight n-alkanes and PAHs in the water of the mesocosm occurred during the experimentation. Fishes exposed to oil displayed a significant increase of cyp1a expression and EROD activity during the entire experiment as well as higher concentrations of PAHs metabolites in bile. Micronulei frequency resulted significantly higher during all experiment in oil exposed sea bass compared to controls. The results highlight the environmental risk associated with the release of oil products at sea and confirm the adopted parameters as useful tools for studying the impact of accidental oil spills on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Environmental Sciences "G. Sarfatti", University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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10
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Manfra L, Savorelli F, Pisapia M, Magaletti E, Cicero AM. Long-term lethal toxicity test with the crustacean Artemia franciscana. J Vis Exp 2012:3790. [PMID: 22525984 DOI: 10.3791/3790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our research activities target the use of biological methods for the evaluation of environmental quality, with particular reference to saltwater/brackish water and sediment. The choice of biological indicators must be based on reliable scientific knowledge and, possibly, on the availability of standardized procedures. In this article, we present a standardized protocol that used the marine crustacean Artemia to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals and/or of marine environmental matrices. Scientists propose that the brine shrimp (Artemia) is a suitable candidate for the development of a standard bioassay for worldwide utilization. A number of papers have been published on the toxic effects of various chemicals and toxicants on brine shrimp (Artemia). The major advantage of this crustacean for toxicity studies is the overall availability of the dry cysts; these can be immediately used in testing and difficult cultivation is not demanded. . Cyst-based toxicity assays are cheap, continuously available, simple and reliable and are thus an important answer to routine needs of toxicity screening, for industrial monitoring requirements or for regulatory purposes. The proposed method involves the mortality as an endpoint. The numbers of survivors were counted and percentage of deaths were calculated. Larvae were considered dead if they did not exhibit any internal or external movement during several seconds of observation. This procedure was standardized testing a reference substance (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate); some results are reported in this work. This article accompanies a video that describes the performance of procedural toxicity testing, showing all the steps related to the protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Manfra
- Department of Environmental Quality Monitoring, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research.
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11
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Manfra L, Maggi C, Bianchi J, Mannozzi M, Faraponova O, Mariani L, Onorati F, Tornambè A, Lamberti CV, Magaletti E. Toxicity evaluation of produced formation waters after filtration treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.4236/ns.2010.21005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Tornambè A, Mariani L, Sarni A, Manfra L, Faraponova O, Onorati F, Lamberti CV, Magaletti E. Ecotoxicological assessment of diethylene glycol on marine organisms and potential effect concentration. Toxicol Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.06.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Mariani L, De Pascale D, Faraponova O, Tornambè A, Sarni A, Giuliani S, Ruggiero G, Onorati F, Magaletti E. The use of a test battery in marine ecotoxicology: the acute toxicity of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Environ Toxicol 2006; 21:373-9. [PMID: 16841322 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
For a toxicity assessment of substances entering the marine environment, it is preferable to carry out ecotoxicological tests on a base-set of taxa utilizing target species belonging to different trophic levels. In this study a battery composed of Vibrio fischeri (bacteria), Dunaliella tertiolecta (algae), Tigriopus fulvus (crustacea), Paracentrotus lividus (echinodermata), and Dicentrarchus labrax (pisces) was used for acute toxicity testing of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). SDS is an anionic surfactant widely employed in industry, agriculture, and domestic usage and therefore is found in abundance in the environment, particularly in the sea. The mean values of EC50 obtained were 2.6, 4.8, 7.4, 3.2, 7.3 mg L(-1), respectively, for V. fischeri, D. tertiolecta, T. fulvus, P. lividus, and D. labrax. The results indicate the high acute toxicity of SDS with respect to all the trophic levels represented by the target species. In addition, they highlight the usefulness of employing a base-set of taxa rather than a single species in toxicological tests, in order to obtain more reliable information for the evaluation of toxicity and potential hazards to the marine environment of selected substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Mariani
- ICRAM, Central Institute for Applied Marine Research, Via di Casalotti 300, 00166 Roma, Italy.
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14
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Urbani R, Magaletti E, Sist P, Cicero AM. Extracellular carbohydrates released by the marine diatoms Cylindrotheca closterium, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Skeletonema costatum: effect of P-depletion and growth status. Sci Total Environ 2005; 353:300-6. [PMID: 16223520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory study was performed on the extracellular production of carbohydrates by the marine diatoms Cylindrotheca closterium, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Skeletonema costatum. The investigation was aimed at elucidating the role of P-starvation and growth status on abundance and chemical characteristics of the released non-attached polysaccharides. Inorganic phosphorus depletion determined an increase of total polysaccharides in all species examined compared to nutrient-replete (complete f/2) conditions. The highest abundance of polysaccharides per unit cell was found in T. pseudonana (28.4 micromol C 10(-6) cells), followed by C. closterium (2.56 micromol C 10(-6) cells) and S. costatum (1.18 micromol C 10(-6) cells). Maximum production rates were found at the transition between exponential and stationary growth phase. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the dissolved fraction showed glucose to be the most abundant monomer in exponentially growing, P-replete cultures (81.6%, 90% and 32% as molar percentage of total aldoses in C. closterium, T. pseudonana and S. costatum, respectively). A strong reduction in glucose was found in C. closterium, but not in T. pseudonana and S. costatum, under P-depleted conditions. Species-specific variations in the amount and aldose signatures of the released polysaccharides according to nutrient status and growth conditions can provide useful insights on the production and persistence of these organic compounds in the water column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranieri Urbani
- University of Trieste, Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Macromolecular Chemistry, via L. Giorgieri, 1, I 34127 Trieste, Italy.
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15
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Puddu A, Zoppini A, Fazi S, Rosati M, Amalfitano S, Magaletti E. Bacterial uptake of DOM released from P-limited phytoplankton. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2003; 46:257-68. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-6496(03)00197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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16
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Lin S, Magaletti E, Carpenter EJ. Molecular cloning and antiserum development of cyclin box in the brown tide alga Aureococcus anophagefferens. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2000; 2:577-586. [PMID: 14961181 DOI: 10.1007/s101260000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cyclins can be useful cell cycle markers for growth rate studies on harmful algal blooms. In this study, a gene fragment corresponding to cyclin box was cloned for the brown tide alga Aureococcus anophagefferens. This algal gene fragment, designated as Btcycl1, was most similar to cyclin B. Oligopeptides based on the deduced amino acid sequence were synthesized and used to raise an antiserum that reacted on Western blots with a protein of about 63 kDa, the same size as cyclin B in other organisms. The cyclin B-like protein recognized by this antiserum, and the messenger RNA amplified using the primers, were more abundant in exponential cultures and decreased markedly in stationary cultures. This protein also appeared to be cell cycle dependent. Immunofluorescence labeling showed that this antiserum specifically stained a protein in Aureococcus cells and had no cross-reaction with bacteria that were present in the algal culture. The Btcycl1 sequence and the antiserum will provide a useful tool for studies on regulation of in situ growth rate for this brown tide alga.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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