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Elsherbini M, Koga K, Hiraoka T, Kumasawa K, Maki E, Satake E, Taguchi A, Makabe T, Takeuchi A, Izumi G, Takamura M, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Osuga Y. Establishment of a novel mouse model of adenomyosis suitable for longitudinal and quantitative analysis and perinatal outcome studies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17515. [PMID: 36266437 PMCID: PMC9585053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish a novel mouse model of adenomyosis suitable for longitudinal and quantitative analyses and perinatal outcome studies. Using a 30 G needle, the entire uterine wall of one horn was mechanically punctured at a frequency of 100 times/1 cm (adenomyosis horn). The other horn was left unpunctured (control horn). Balb/c mice were sacrificed on day 14 (D14) or day 65 (D65) (n = 3 each). The uterus was fixed, paraffin-embedded, sliced, and stained. Lesions were detected and counted, and their volumes were measured. Cell proliferation and fibrosis were assessed by Ki67 and Masson's Trichrome staining, respectively. Blood vessels were detected using CD31 immunostaining. Some of the mice (n = 4), were mated and the date of delivery, litter size, number of implantations, and number and volume of postpartum lesions were measured. The number of lesions per horn did not differ between D14 and D65. The volume of the entire lesion was significantly greater on D65 than on D14 (p < 0.0001). The volume of the epithelial part of the lesion was significantly greater in D65 (p < 0.0001). The volume of the stromal part of the lesion was also greater on D65 (p < 0.0001). The percentage of Ki67 positive cells in the epithelial part of the lesion was significantly higher on D14 (p < 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of Ki67-positive cells in the stromal part was significantly higher on D65 (p < 0.01). Vascular density in the lesions was higher in on D65 (p < 0.05). The percentage of fibrotic area was significantly higher on D65 (p < 0.01). The date of delivery was slightly earlier than that reported for healthy mice of the same strain. The litter size was smaller than that reported in previous research. The number of implantation sites did not differ between the control and the adenomyosis horn. The number and volume of lesions did not differ between the non-pregnant and postpartum groups. This model can be applied to evaluate the pathogenesis of adenomyosis, validate the efficacy of therapeutic agents, and evaluate the effect of adenomyosis on pregnancy and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elsherbini
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Takehiro Hiraoka
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Eiko Maki
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Erina Satake
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tomoko Makabe
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Gentaro Izumi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Masashi Takamura
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan ,grid.410802.f0000 0001 2216 2631Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, 350-0495 Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan ,grid.430395.8Department of Integrated Women’s Health, St Luke’s International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi, Chuo, Tokyo, 104-8560 Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
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Elsherbini M, Koga K, Maki E, Kumasawa K, Satake E, Taguchi A, Makabe T, Takeuchi A, Izumi G, Takamura M, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Osuga Y. Impact of Chronic Exposure to Endometriosis on Perinatal Outcomes: Establishment of a Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102627. [PMID: 36289889 PMCID: PMC9599701 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish a new mouse model of endometriosis that mimics real-world women’s health problems, in which women continue to be affected by endometriosis long before they wish to become pregnant, and to evaluate the impact of “chronic exposure to endometriosis” on perinatal outcome. Endometriosis was established by the intraperitoneal injection of homologous minced mouse uteri. Vehicle was injected for the control. Mating was initiated either 1 or 43 days after disease establishment (Young or Aged studies, respectively). Mice were sacrificed on 18 dpc. The number pups and resorptions were counted and pups’ body weights (BW) were measured, and the endometriosis lesion was identified and weighted. In the Young study, the number of resorptions and BW were comparable between the groups. In the Aged study, the number of resorptions was significantly higher and BW was significantly lower in endometriosis than that in control. The total weight of endometriosis lesion per dam was significantly lower in the Aged compared to the Young endometriosis group; however, not a single mouse was found to have any lesions at all. These results suggest that in addition to the presence of endometriosis per se, “chronic exposure to endometriosis” prior to pregnancy affect perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Elsherbini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Eiko Maki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kumasawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Erina Satake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tomoko Makabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Gentaro Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Masashi Takamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Department of Integrated Women’s Health, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo 104-8560, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Satake E, Koga K, Takamura M, Izumi G, Elsherbini M, Taguchi A, Makabe T, Takeuchi A, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Osuga Y. The roles of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103371. [PMID: 34517223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the systemic and local proportions, focal localization, and characteristics of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN Peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid were obtained from patients with a benign gynecologic condition (controls) or endometriosis. PMN-MDSCs were defined as CD33+HLA-DRlow/-CD14-CD15+ and monocytic (M)-MDSCs were defined as CD33+HLA-DRlow/-CD14+CD15-, and were identified using flowcytometry. Ovarian endometriotic tissues were obtained, and the expression of lectin-type oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX1) as a marker of PMN-MDSCs, arginine 1 (Arg1), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were detected using immunohistochemistry. Anti-Ly6G antibody was administered to endometriosis model mice, and the number and weight of the lesions were measured, and cell proliferations and apoptosis in the lesions were analyzed using Ki67 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. RESULTS In the peripheral blood, the proportion of PMN-MDSCs was significantly higher in endometriosis (3.20 vs 1.63 %, p < 0.05), but the proportion of M-MDSCs did not differ between the groups. In the peritoneal fluid, the proportion of PMN-MDSCs was significantly higher in endometriosis (7.82 × 10-1% vs 6.48 × 10-2%, p < 0.05), whereas the proportion of M-MDSCs did not differ between the groups. PMN-MDSCs were detected in the stromal cell layer of the endometriotic cyst wall. Double staining for LOX1 and Arg1, and LOX1 and MMP9 was confirmed. Administration of Ly6G antibody did not change the number or weight of endometriosis lesions, but significantly decreased Ki67-positive cells and increased TUNEL-positive cells in the lesions. CONCLUSIONS PMN-MDSCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis via Arg1 and MMP9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Satake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Masashi Takamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Gentaro Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mohammed Elsherbini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Makabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Makabe T, Koga K, Nagabukuro H, Asada M, Satake E, Taguchi A, Takeuchi A, Miyashita M, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Use of selective PGE2 receptor antagonists on human endometriotic stromal cells and peritoneal macrophages. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaaa077. [PMID: 33543288 PMCID: PMC7846198 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-hormonal therapeutic strategies for endometriosis are needed. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of prostaglandin (PG)E2 receptor inhibitors to explore their potential as novel therapeutic strategies for endometriosis. The expression of PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4) in donated tissues from human ovarian endometriosis, adenomyosis and peritoneal endometriosis was examined using immunohistochemistry. Human endometriotic stromal cells (ESC) isolated from ovarian endometriotic tissue and peritoneal macrophages were treated with EP2 and EP4 antagonists. cAMP accumulation and the effect of EP antagonists were measured using cAMP assays. DNA synthesis in ESC was detected using bromodeoxyuridine incorporation analysis. Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 protein levels in ESC supernatants were measured using ELISAs. mRNA expression level for aromatase by ESC, and selected cytokines by peritoneal macrophages was measured using RT-PCR. EP2 and EP4 receptors were expressed in cells derived from control and diseased tissue, ovarian endometriotic, adenomyotic and peritoneal lesions. A selective EP2 antagonist reduced DNA synthesis, cAMP accumulation and IL-1β-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion and aromatase expression. A selective EP4 antagonist negated IL-1β-induced IL-6 secretion and aromatase expression. In peritoneal macrophages, EP expression was elevated in endometriosis samples but the EP4 antagonist reduced cAMP levels and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, chemokine ligand 2 and chemokine ligand 3 mRNA. EP2 and EP4 are functioning in endometriosis lesions and peritoneal macrophages, and their selective antagonists can reduce EP-mediated actions, therefore, the EP antagonists are potential therapeutic agents for controlling endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Makabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagabukuro
- Extra Value Generation Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mari Asada
- Extra Value Generation Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Erina Satake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Takeuchi A, Koga K, Tokita Y, Matsumoto T, Satake E, Taguchi A, Makabe T, Miyashita M, Takamura M, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Fujii T, Osuga Y. The effects of tokishakuyakusan, a traditional Japanese medicine (kampo), ferulic acid and paeoniflorin, on human endometriotic stromal cells and peritoneal macrophages. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 139:103104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Takeuchi A, Koga K, Satake E, Makabe T, Taguchi A, Miyashita M, Takamura M, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Yoshino O, Wada-Hiraike O, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Endometriosis Triggers Excessive Activation of Primordial Follicles via PI3K-PTEN-Akt-Foxo3 Pathway. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5547-5554. [PMID: 31219551 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The ovarian reserve is reduced in patients with endometriosis. We hypothesize that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) Akt-Forkhead box O (Foxo3) pathway is involved in reducing the ovarian reserve. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the signaling mechanism by which endometriosis decreases ovarian reserve. DESIGN Studies were conducted by using a mouse model for endometriosis and human ovaries. The endometriosis mouse model was established and ammonium trichloro (dioxoethylene-o,o') tellurate (AS101), an inhibitor of PI3K-PTEN-Akt pathway, was administered to experimental mice. Human ovaries were collected during surgery from patients with endometrioma or from patients with no ovarian pathology (control ovaries). The number of follicles and expression of Foxo3, PTEN, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin and phosphorylated Akt by oocytes in primordial follicles in mouse and human ovaries were detected by immunohistochemical staining and evaluated. RESULTS In the endometriosis mouse model, the proportion of primordial follicles was diminished, and the proportion of primary, secondary, antral, and growing follicles was increased in comparison with controls. In both mouse and human ovaries, the PI3K-PTEN-Akt-Foxo3 pathway was activated in samples from endometriosis. Administration of AS101 restored the proportion of primordial follicles in endometriotic mice ovaries to control levels. CONCLUSIONS The current study describes the excessive activation of primordial follicles and the role of the PI3K-PTEN-Akt-Foxo3 pathway in the reduction of ovarian reserve associated with endometriosis. Our results suggest that a PI3K-PTEN-Akt inhibitor should be considered for further investigation as promising medicines for the prevention of the ovarian reserve reduction in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Takeuchi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erina Satake
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Makabe
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Miyashita
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takamura
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tokyo, Hongo Bunkyo Tokyo, Japan
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Izumi G, Koga K, Takamura M, Makabe T, Satake E, Takeuchi A, Taguchi A, Urata Y, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Involvement of immune cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:191-198. [PMID: 29316073 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the implantation and growth of endometriotic tissues outside the uterus. It is widely accepted the theory that endometriosis is caused by the implantation of endometrial tissue from retrograde menstruation; however, retrograde menstruation occurs in almost all women and other factors are required for the establishment of endometriosis, such as cell survival, cell invasion, angiogenesis, and cell growth. Immune factors in the local environment may, therefore, contribute to the formation and progression of endometriosis. Current evidence supports the involvement of immune cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages secrete biochemical factors that help endometriotic cell growth and invasion, and angiogenesis. Peritoneal macrophages and NK cells in endometriosis have limited capability of eliminating endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity. An imbalance of T cell subsets leads to aberrant cytokine secretions and inflammation that results in the growth of endometriosis lesions. It is still uncertain whether these immune cells have a role in the initial cause and/or stimulate actions that enhance disease; however, in either case, modulating the actions of these cells may prevent initiation or disease progression. Further studies are needed to deepen the understanding of the pathology of endometriosis and to develop novel management approaches of benefit to women suffering from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentaro Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Makabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erina Satake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Urata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sano S, Nakagawa Y, Yamaguchi R, Fujisawa Y, Satake E, Nagata E, Nakanishi T, Liu YJ, Ohzeki T. Carbenoxolone alters the morphology of adipose tissues and downregulates genes involved in adipogenesis, glucose transport and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:15-20. [PMID: 22205568 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) excess promotes adipose tissue accumulation, and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) plays an important role in the local amplification of GC. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of carbenoxolone (CBX), an 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, on morphological changes in visceral fat, and the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in high-fat (HF) diet-fed mice. Mice were fed a HF diet from 5 weeks of age. At 10 weeks of age, the mice received an intraperitoneal injection of CBX or vehicle every day for 2 weeks. CBX decreased body weight and visceral fat mass, and improved insulin sensitivity in HF-fed mice. This was accompanied by reduced adipocyte size and a decrease in large-sized adipocytes in visceral fat. The expression of adipogenesis (PPARγ and C/EBPα), glucose transport (GLUT4) and lipid metabolism (LPL, ATGL, and HSL)-related genes were suppressed in CBX mice. CBX treatment induced beneficial morphological changes in visceral fat and decreased the expression of adipogenesis, glucose transport and lipid metabolism-related genes. These findings reveal a potential mechanism underling the effects of CBX on reduced fat accumulation and improved insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sano
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Nagata E, Nakagawa Y, Yamaguchi R, Fujisawa Y, Sano S, Satake E, Matsushita R, Nakanishi T, Liu Y, Ohzeki T. Altered gene expressions of ghrelin, PYY, and CCK in the gastrointestinal tract of the hyperphagic intrauterine growth restriction rat offspring. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:178-82. [PMID: 21264794 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with a substantially greater incidence of metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Animal studies have shown that IUGR offspring are hyperphagic during the early postnatal period and therefore exhibit obesity. The molecular mechanisms underlying food intake regulation in the gastrointestinal tract have not been clarified in IUGR. In the present study, we utilized a rat model of IUGR by restricting the food intake of the mother (50% of the normal intake, ad libitum; FR group) from day 7 of gestation until delivery. Pups from undernourished mothers were fostered by control mothers. We examined the food intake and assessed the gene expressions of ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the alimentary tract of male newborns (postnatal day1) and adult offspring (age, 7 months). Compared to the offspring whose mothers received the standard diet ad libitum (CON offspring), FR offspring were hyperphagic from the weaning time until the end of the experiment, and resulted in a heavier final weight. Both newborn and adult FR offspring had higher ghrelin gene expression in the stomach and higher ghrelin plasma levels than did the controls. Although the gastrointestinal gene expressions and plasma levels of the anorexic peptides, PYY and CCK, were elevated in the FR newborns, they decreased in the FR adults. Our findings suggest that the altered gene expressions of orexigenic and anorexigenic gut peptides in the gastrointestinal tract in the maternal undernutrition-induced IUGR offspring provide a potential mechanism to explain hyperphagia and obesity seen in these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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Yamaguchi R, Nakagawa Y, Liu YJ, Fujisawa Y, Sai S, Nagata E, Sano S, Satake E, Matsushita R, Nakanishi T, Chapman KE, Seckl JR, Ohzeki T. Effects of maternal high-fat diet on serum lipid concentration and expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors in the early life of rat offspring. Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:821-5. [PMID: 20711951 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a maternal high-fat (HF) diet on serum lipid concentration and PPAR gene expression in liver and adipose tissue in the early life of the rat offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either an HF or control (CON) diet 6 weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Blood and tissue samplings of male offspring were carried out at birth or weaning. Birth weights were similar and serum triglyceride (TG) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels showed no significant difference between HF and CON newborns, despite greatly increased hepatic PPARα mRNA expression in the HF newborns (p<0.05). Both HF newborns and weanlings revealed significantly decreased hepatic PPARγ expression compared with controls (p<0.0001). Hepatic PPARα expression in the HF weanlings was reduced markedly compared with CON weanlings (p<0.0001) and showed a negative correlation with serum TG levels (r=-0.743, p<0.05). However, epididymal expression of PPARγ in the HF weanlings was upregulated significantly compared with controls (p<0.05) and demonstrated a positive correlation with epididymal fat mass (r=0.733, p<0.05). These were accompanied by obesity as well as a rise in serum TG by 79% (p<0.05) and NEFA concentration by 36% (p<0.05) in these HF weanlings. Our findings suggest that maternal HF diet leads to alterations in PPAR gene expression in the weanling offspring, which is associated with the disturbed lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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