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Jakosky BM, Grebowsky JM, Luhmann JG, Connerney J, Eparvier F, Ergun R, Halekas J, Larson D, Mahaffy P, McFadden J, Mitchell DF, Schneider N, Zurek R, Bougher S, Brain D, Ma YJ, Mazelle C, Andersson L, Andrews D, Baird D, Baker D, Bell JM, Benna M, Chaffin M, Chamberlin P, Chaufray YY, Clarke J, Collinson G, Combi M, Crary F, Cravens T, Crismani M, Curry S, Curtis D, Deighan J, Delory G, Dewey R, DiBraccio G, Dong C, Dong Y, Dunn P, Elrod M, England S, Eriksson A, Espley J, Evans S, Fang X, Fillingim M, Fortier K, Fowler CM, Fox J, Gröller H, Guzewich S, Hara T, Harada Y, Holsclaw G, Jain SK, Jolitz R, Leblanc F, Lee CO, Lee Y, Lefevre F, Lillis R, Livi R, Lo D, Mayyasi M, McClintock W, McEnulty T, Modolo R, Montmessin F, Morooka M, Nagy A, Olsen K, Peterson W, Rahmati A, Ruhunusiri S, Russell CT, Sakai S, Sauvaud JA, Seki K, Steckiewicz M, Stevens M, Stewart AIF, Stiepen A, Stone S, Tenishev V, Thiemann E, Tolson R, Toublanc D, Vogt M, Weber T, Withers P, Woods T, Yelle R. MAVEN observations of the response of Mars to an interplanetary coronal mass ejection. Science 2015; 350:aad0210. [PMID: 26542576 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Coupling between the lower and upper atmosphere, combined with loss of gas from the upper atmosphere to space, likely contributed to the thin, cold, dry atmosphere of modern Mars. To help understand ongoing ion loss to space, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft made comprehensive measurements of the Mars upper atmosphere, ionosphere, and interactions with the Sun and solar wind during an interplanetary coronal mass ejection impact in March 2015. Responses include changes in the bow shock and magnetosheath, formation of widespread diffuse aurora, and enhancement of pick-up ions. Observations and models both show an enhancement in escape rate of ions to space during the event. Ion loss during solar events early in Mars history may have been a major contributor to the long-term evolution of the Mars atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Grebowsky
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J G Luhmann
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Connerney
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - F Eparvier
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Ergun
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Halekas
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - D Larson
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Mahaffy
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J McFadden
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D F Mitchell
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - R Zurek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - S Bougher
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Brain
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Y J Ma
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Mazelle
- CNRS-Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - D Andrews
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Baird
- NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D Baker
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J M Bell
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - M Benna
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Chaffin
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Chamberlin
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Y-Y Chaufray
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - J Clarke
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Collinson
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Combi
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Crary
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T Cravens
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M Crismani
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Curry
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Curtis
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Deighan
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G Delory
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Dewey
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G DiBraccio
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C Dong
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Dong
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Dunn
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Elrod
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S England
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Eriksson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Espley
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S Evans
- Computational Physics, Inc., Boulder, CO, USA
| | - X Fang
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Fillingim
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - K Fortier
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C M Fowler
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Fox
- Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - H Gröller
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Guzewich
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - T Hara
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Harada
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Holsclaw
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S K Jain
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Jolitz
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - F Leblanc
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - C O Lee
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Lee
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Lefevre
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - R Lillis
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Livi
- University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Lo
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - T McEnulty
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Modolo
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - F Montmessin
- Laboratoire atmosphères, milieux et observations spatiales (LATMOS)-CNRS, Paris, France
| | - M Morooka
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Nagy
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Olsen
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W Peterson
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Rahmati
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - C T Russell
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Sakai
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - J-A Sauvaud
- CNRS-Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - K Seki
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Steckiewicz
- CNRS-Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Stevens
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - A Stiepen
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Stone
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - V Tenishev
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E Thiemann
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Tolson
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - D Toublanc
- CNRS-Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Vogt
- Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Weber
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - T Woods
- University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Yelle
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Bougher S, Jakosky B, Halekas J, Grebowsky J, Luhmann J, Mahaffy P, Connerney J, Eparvier F, Ergun R, Larson D, McFadden J, Mitchell D, Schneider N, Zurek R, Mazelle C, Andersson L, Andrews D, Baird D, Baker DN, Bell JM, Benna M, Brain D, Chaffin M, Chamberlin P, Chaufray JY, Clarke J, Collinson G, Combi M, Crary F, Cravens T, Crismani M, Curry S, Curtis D, Deighan J, Delory G, Dewey R, DiBraccio G, Dong C, Dong Y, Dunn P, Elrod M, England S, Eriksson A, Espley J, Evans S, Fang X, Fillingim M, Fortier K, Fowler CM, Fox J, Gröller H, Guzewich S, Hara T, Harada Y, Holsclaw G, Jain SK, Jolitz R, Leblanc F, Lee CO, Lee Y, Lefevre F, Lillis R, Livi R, Lo D, Ma Y, Mayyasi M, McClintock W, McEnulty T, Modolo R, Montmessin F, Morooka M, Nagy A, Olsen K, Peterson W, Rahmati A, Ruhunusiri S, Russell CT, Sakai S, Sauvaud JA, Seki K, Steckiewicz M, Stevens M, Stewart AIF, Stiepen A, Stone S, Tenishev V, Thiemann E, Tolson R, Toublanc D, Vogt M, Weber T, Withers P, Woods T, Yelle R. Early MAVEN Deep Dip campaign reveals thermosphere and ionosphere variability. Science 2015; 350:aad0459. [PMID: 26542579 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission, during the second of its Deep Dip campaigns, made comprehensive measurements of martian thermosphere and ionosphere composition, structure, and variability at altitudes down to ~130 kilometers in the subsolar region. This altitude range contains the diffusively separated upper atmosphere just above the well-mixed atmosphere, the layer of peak extreme ultraviolet heating and primary reservoir for atmospheric escape. In situ measurements of the upper atmosphere reveal previously unmeasured populations of neutral and charged particles, the homopause altitude at approximately 130 kilometers, and an unexpected level of variability both on an orbit-to-orbit basis and within individual orbits. These observations help constrain volatile escape processes controlled by thermosphere and ionosphere structure and variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bougher
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - B Jakosky
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Halekas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J Grebowsky
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Luhmann
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - P Mahaffy
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J Connerney
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - F Eparvier
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Ergun
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Larson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J McFadden
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Mitchell
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - N Schneider
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Zurek
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - C Mazelle
- CNRS/Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - L Andersson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - D Andrews
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - D Baird
- NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D N Baker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J M Bell
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - M Benna
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - D Brain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Chaffin
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Chamberlin
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - J-Y Chaufray
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - J Clarke
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Collinson
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - M Combi
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Crary
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T Cravens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - M Crismani
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Curry
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Curtis
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J Deighan
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G Delory
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Dewey
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - G DiBraccio
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - C Dong
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Y Dong
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Dunn
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Elrod
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S England
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A Eriksson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden
| | - J Espley
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - S Evans
- Computational Physics, Springfield, VA, USA
| | - X Fang
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - M Fillingim
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - K Fortier
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - C M Fowler
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J Fox
- Department of Physics, Wright State University, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - H Gröller
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Guzewich
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - T Hara
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Harada
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - G Holsclaw
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S K Jain
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Jolitz
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - F Leblanc
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - C O Lee
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Lee
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - F Lefevre
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - R Lillis
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - R Livi
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - D Lo
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Y Ma
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Mayyasi
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W McClintock
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - T McEnulty
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Modolo
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - F Montmessin
- Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales /CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France
| | - M Morooka
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Nagy
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Olsen
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - W Peterson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Rahmati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - S Ruhunusiri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - C T Russell
- Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Sakai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - J-A Sauvaud
- CNRS/Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - K Seki
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - M Steckiewicz
- CNRS/Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Stevens
- Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A I F Stewart
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - A Stiepen
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - S Stone
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - V Tenishev
- CLaSP Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E Thiemann
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Tolson
- National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - D Toublanc
- CNRS/Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, Toulouse, France. University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - M Vogt
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Weber
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P Withers
- Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Woods
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - R Yelle
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Poullot E, Zambello R, Leblanc F, Bareau B, De March E, Roussel M, Boulland ML, Houot R, Renault A, Fest T, Semenzato G, Loughran T, Lamy T. Chronic natural killer lymphoproliferative disorders: characteristics of an international cohort of 70 patients. Ann Oncol 2014; 25:2030-2035. [PMID: 25096606 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification distinguishes three entities among the large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGL leukemia): T-cell LGL leukemia (T-LGL leukemia), aggressive natural killer (NK) cell leukemia, and chronic NK lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD), the later considered as a provisional entity. Only a few and small cohorts of chronic NK LPD have been published. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report here clinicobiological features collected retrospectively from 70 cases of chronic NK LPD, and compared with those of T-LGL leukemia. RESULTS There were no statistical differences between chronic NK LPD and T-LGL leukemia concerning median age [61 years (range 23-82 years)], organomegaly (26%), associated autoimmune diseases (24%), and associated hematological malignancies (11%). Patients with chronic NK LPD were significantly less symptomatic (49% versus 18%, P < 0.001) and the association with rheumatoid arthritis was more rarely observed (7% versus 17%, P = 0.03). The neutropenia (<0.5 × 10(9)/l) was less severe in chronic NK LPD (33% versus 61%, P < 0.001) without difference in the rate of recurrent infections. STAT3 mutation was detected in 12% of the cohort, which is lower than the frequency observed in T-LGL leukemia. Thirty-seven percent of the patients required specific therapy. Good results were obtained with cyclophosphamide. Overall and complete response rates were, respectively, 69% and 56%. Overall survival was 94% at 5 years. CONCLUSION This study suggests very high similarities between chronic NK LPD and T-LGL leukemias. Since chronic NK LPD is still a provisional entity, our findings should be helpful when considering further revisions of the WHO classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Poullot
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Department of Pathology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - R Zambello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - F Leblanc
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - B Bareau
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Clinique Cesson-Sévigné, Cesson-Sévigné
| | - E De March
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - M Roussel
- Department of Hematology-Immunology and Cell Therapy, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes; INSERM UMR 917 Faculté de médecine Université Rennes 1, Rennes
| | - M L Boulland
- Department of Hematology-Immunology and Cell Therapy, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes
| | - R Houot
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; INSERM UMR 917 Faculté de médecine Université Rennes 1, Rennes
| | - A Renault
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - T Fest
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Clinique Cesson-Sévigné, Cesson-Sévigné; INSERM UMR 917 Faculté de médecine Université Rennes 1, Rennes
| | - G Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - T Loughran
- University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - T Lamy
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; INSERM UMR 917 Faculté de médecine Université Rennes 1, Rennes; Department of Clinical Investigation, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France.
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Lebrun T, Massol H, Chassefière E, Davaille A, Marcq E, Sarda P, Leblanc F, Brandeis G. Thermal evolution of an early magma ocean in interaction with the atmosphere: conditions for the condensation of a water ocean. BIO Web of Conferences 2014. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20140201006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIM Laparoscopic sphincter-saving surgery has been investigated for rectal cancer but not for tumours of the lower third. We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer. METHOD From 1990 to 2007, patients with rectal tumour below 6 cm from the anal verge and treated by open or laparoscopic curative intersphincteric resection were included in a retrospective comparative study. Surgery included total mesorectal excision with internal sphincter excision and protected low coloanal anastomosis. Neoadjuvant treatment was given to patients with T3 or N+ tumours. Recurrence and survival were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the Logrank test. Function was assessed using the Wexner continence score. RESULTS Intersphincteric resection was performed in 175 patients with low rectal cancer: 110 had laparoscopy and 65 had open surgery. The two groups were similar according to age, sex, body mass index, ASA score, tumour stage and preoperative radiotherapy. Postoperative mortality (zero) and morbidity (23%vs 28%; P = 0.410) were similar in both groups. There was no difference in 5-year local recurrence (5%vs 2%; P = 0.349) and 5-year disease-free survival (70%vs 71%; P = 0.862). Function and continence scores (11 vs 12; P = 0.675) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Intersphincteric resection did not alter long-term tumour control of low rectal cancer. The safety and efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for intersphincteric resection are suggested by a similar short- and long-term outcome as obtained by open surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laurent
- CHU Bordeaux, Saint André Hospital, Department of Digestive Surgery, Bordeaux, France Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France.
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Parache V, Pourcelot L, Roussel-Debet S, Orjollet D, Leblanc F, Soria C, Gurriaran R, Renaud P, Masson O. Transfer of 131I from Fukushima to the vegetation and milk in France. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:9998-10003. [PMID: 22011198 DOI: 10.1021/es202242g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Iodine-131 and various other radionuclides were released into the atmosphere from the damaged Japanese reactors of Fukushima Dai-ichi from 12 to 22 March 2011. The contaminated air mass was detected in France after 24 March; samples of grass, vegetables, and milk have been analyzed for (131)I by the IRSN, considering the fact that few values of iodine-131 transfer parameters have been directly measured in situ, due to the radioactive decay of this isotope. Data are compared with calculated values according to the air iodine concentration. The apparent dry deposition velocity of iodine on grass is therefore estimated to range between 1 × 10(-3) and 5 × 10(-3) m s(-1) from site to site. In addition, the grass to milk transfer factors are 2.8 × 10(-2) and 3.6 × 10(-3) d L(-1) for goat's and cow's milk respectively. These parameters fit well with the current values usually considered for radioecological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Parache
- Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, Environment and Emergency Operations Division 31, rue de l'Écluse BP35, 78 116 Le Vésinet, France
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7
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Abstract
AIM This paper presents our initial experience of single incision laparoscopic total colectomy and proctocolectomy. METHOD Four female patients (mean age 35.5 years; mean body mass index 24.7 kg/m(2) ) underwent total colectomy with end ileostomy (n = 2) and proctocolectomy with stapled ileum pouch-anal (n = 1) and rectal (n = 1) anastomosis with loop ileostomy, for benign disease, using a single-incision laparoscopic approach. The single port was placed at the umbilicus or the ileostomy site. Specimen extraction was through the port site. RESULTS Operative procedures were performed with a mean operative time of 212 min, mean blood loss of 30 ml and no intraoperative complication. No additional abdominal ports were required. A postoperative ileus (n = 1) on day three resolved spontaneously and the. mean hospital stay was 4.5 days. CONCLUSION Single-incision laparoscopic total colectomy or proctocolectomy is feasible for benign disease in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leblanc
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5047, USA
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Chatterjee P, Leblanc F, Favre M, Perrin J. A Global Electricai-Optical Model of Thin Film Solar Cells on Textured Substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-426-593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn order to simulate the performance of the present day state-of-the-art multijunction solar cells in its entirety, an integrated electrical-optical model has been developed. The one-dimensional ab initio electrical model for the analysis of the transport properties of such devices can handle a very general semiconductor device structure where the material properties vary with position and the gap state properties with position and energy. The original semi-empirical optical model used takes into account both specular interference effects, and diffused reflectances and transmittances due to interface roughness. The latter are derived from angular-resolved photometric measurements and used as input parameters to the numerical programme. Comparison of the illuminated current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics, calculated on the basis of (a) a simple exponential absorption law and (b) the optical model, reveals an increase of ˜1 mA cm−2 in the short-circuit current and ˜8% in the cell conversion efficiency for case (b). Also the long wavelength quantum efficiency (QE) shows a marked improvement, while the blue QE decreases since proper account is taken of the absorption in the transparent conducting oxide and reflection from the device. The combined model is being applied to simulate the characteristics of wideband-gap-emitter-layer solar cells deposited in a three chamber conventional glow discharge reactor onto (i) highly textured SnO2 and (ii) weakly textured indium tin oxide substrates. The cells have been characterised experimentally by J-V and QE measurements. Preliminary results indicate that the integrated model matches the experimental J-V and QE data with a more realistic set of material parameters as compared to case (a).
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Abstract
PURPOSE Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is gaining momentum in general surgery but it is essentially unstudied for laparoscopic colectomy. The aim of our study was to compare outcomes for single-incision laparoscopic colectomy with laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. METHODS Patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy were prospectively entered into an institutional review board-approved database. Those that underwent single-incision laparoscopic colectomy were case matched for sex, age, disease, surgery, body mass index, previous surgeries, and surgeon with patients undergoing LAC. RESULTS Twenty-nine single-incision laparoscopic segmental colectomies were performed for polyps (4), adenocarcinoma (12), diverticulitis (6), and Crohn's disease (7) and were case matched to laparoscopic-assisted colectomy for the same indications. Mean body mass index was 28.8 ± 3 kg/m². Operative time was longer for single-incision laparoscopic colectomy (134.4 ± 40 vs 103.8 ± 54 min; P = .0002). Four single-incision laparoscopic colectomies were converted to LAC requiring either one extra port (2) or 2 extra ports (2), and there was one conversion to laparotomy. Extraction scar length (millimeters) was similar (38 ± 6.0 vs 45 ± 6.2; P = .746). Postoperative morbidity (5/29 vs 7/29; P = .284) and length of stay (day) (3.7 ± 1.1 vs 3.9 ± 1.1; P = .445) were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Single-incision laparoscopic colectomy is feasible and safe but takes more time than laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. Although results approximate those for laparoscopic-assisted colectomy, an additional learning curve is involved, and extra incisions are sometimes required. Single-incision laparoscopic colectomy requires further prospective validation so that the cost of the device can be justified by an improved clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Champagne
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-5047, USA.
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Laumonier H, Leblanc F, Balabaud C, Bioulac-Sage P. Spontaneous regression of focal nodular hyperplasia: a pathological report. BMJ Case Rep 2010; 2010:2010/sep23_1/bcr0220102704. [PMID: 22778370 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.02.2010.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign tumour of the liver, occurring in 0.6-3% of the general population. Most lesions are diagnosed incidentally. With the increasing use and improvement of diagnostic imaging, FNH is being observed more often. It has been shown, using radiological approaches, that most FNH remain stable, or even regress, over a long follow-up period. In addition, it is extremely rare that FNH were discovered in elderly. However, to our knowledge, there is no pathological report illustrating the regression of FNH. We report here a case showing the pathological changes occurring during the regression phase of FNH, with dense fibrous tissue mixed with arteries replacing hepatocytes nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Laumonier
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital St André CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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11
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Leblanc F, Delaney CP, Neary PC, Rose J, Augestad KM, Senagore AJ, Ellis CN, Champagne BJ. Assessment of comparative skills between hand-assisted and straight laparoscopic colorectal training on an augmented reality simulator. Dis Colon Rectum 2010; 53:1323-7. [PMID: 20706077 DOI: 10.1007/dcr.0b013e3181e263f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare skills sets during a hand-assisted and straight laparoscopic colectomy on an augmented reality simulator. METHODS Twenty-nine surgeons, assigned randomly in 2 groups, performed laparoscopic sigmoid colectomies on a simulator: group A (n = 15) performed hand-assisted then straight procedures; group B (n = 14) performed straight then hand-assisted procedures. Groups were compared according to prior laparoscopic colorectal experience, performance (time, instrument path length, and instrument velocity changes), technical skills, and operative error. RESULTS Prior laparoscopic colorectal experience was similar in both groups. Both groups had better performances with the hand-assisted approach, although technical skill scores were similar between approaches. The error rate was higher with the hand-assisted approach in group A, but similar between both approaches in group B. CONCLUSIONS These data define the metrics of performance for hand-assisted and straight laparoscopic colectomy on an augmented reality simulator. The improved scores with the hand-assisted approach suggest that with this simulator a hand-assisted model may be technically easier to perform, although it is associated with increased intraoperative errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leblanc
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5047, USA
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Leblanc F, Langlais B, Fouchet T, Barabash S, Breuer D, Chassefière E, Coates A, Dehant V, Forget F, Lammer H, Lewis S, Lopez-Valverde M, Mandea M, Menvielle M, Pais A, Paetzold M, Read P, Sotin C, Tarits P, Vennerstrom S. Mars environment and magnetic orbiter scientific and measurement objectives. Astrobiology 2009; 9:71-89. [PMID: 19317625 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2007.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we summarize our present understanding of Mars' atmosphere, magnetic field, and surface and address past evolution of these features. Key scientific questions concerning Mars' surface, atmosphere, and magnetic field, along with the planet's interaction with solar wind, are discussed. We also define what key parameters and measurements should be performed and the main characteristics of a martian mission that would help to provide answers to these questions. Such a mission--Mars Environment and Magnetic Orbiter (MEMO)--was proposed as an answer to the Cosmic Vision Call of Opportunity as an M-class mission (corresponding to a total European Space Agency cost of less than 300 Meuro). MEMO was designed to study the strong interconnection between the planetary interior, atmosphere, and solar conditions, which is essential to our understanding of planetary evolution, the appearance of life, and its sustainability. The MEMO main platform combined remote sensing and in situ measurements of the atmosphere and the magnetic field during regular incursions into the martian upper atmosphere. The micro-satellite was designed to perform simultaneous in situ solar wind measurements. MEMO was defined to conduct: * Four-dimensional mapping of the martian atmosphere from the surface up to 120 km by measuring wind, temperature, water, and composition, all of which would provide a complete view of the martian climate and photochemical system; Mapping of the low-altitude magnetic field with unprecedented geographical, altitude, local time, and seasonal resolutions; A characterization of the simultaneous responses of the atmosphere, magnetic field, and near-Mars space to solar variability by means of in situ atmospheric and solar wind measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leblanc
- Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS/IPSL, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, France.
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Leblanc F, Laurent C, Rullier E. [Not Available]. J Chir (Paris) 2008; 145S4:12S40-12S43. [PMID: 22793984 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-7697(08)74721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
F. Leblanc, C. Laurent E. Rullier Lymph node dissection is a standard part of surgical resection of rectal cancer which helps to avoid local recurrence and allows for accurate staging of the disease. Three types of lymph node dissection have been considered. Mesorectal lymphadenectomy should remove the mesorectum systematically and should extend at least 5cm distal to the tumor. Inferior mesenteric lymphadenectomy should extend at least to the origin of the left colic artery. Lateral lymphadenectomy removing iliac and obturator nodes results in complications and has not been shown to improve survival; it is not routinely recommended. Omission of lymph node dissection is only proposed for the smallest T1 tumors with favorable histology.
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Leblanc F, Laurent C, Rullier E. [Not Available]. J Chir (Paris) 2008; 145:12S40-12S43. [PMID: 22794071 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-7697(08)45008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
F. Leblanc, C. Laurent E. Rullier Lymph node dissection is a standard part of surgical resection of rectal cancer which helps to avoid local recurrence and allows for accurate staging of the disease. Three types of lymph node dissection have been considered. Mesorectal lymphadenectomy should remove the mesorectum systematically and should extend at least 5cm distal to the tumor. Inferior mesenteric lymphadenectomy should extend at least to the origin of the left colic artery. Lateral lymphadenectomy removing iliac and obturator nodes results in complications and has not been shown to improve survival; it is not routinely recommended. Omission of lymph node dissection is only proposed for the smallest T1 tumors with favorable histology.
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Leblanc F, Laurent C, Rullier E. [Can lymph node dissection for rectal cancer ever be omitted?]. J Chir (Paris) 2008; 145 Spec no. 4:12S40-12S43. [PMID: 19194357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node dissection is a standard part of surgical resection of rectal cancer which helps to avoid local recurrence and allows for accurate staging of the disease. Three types of lymph node dissection have been considered. Mesorectal lymphadenectomy should remove the mesorectum systematically and should extend at least 5 cm distal to the tumor. Inferior mesenteric lymphadenectomy should extend at least to the origin of the left colic artery. Lateral lymphadenectomy removing iliac and obturator nodes results in complications and has not been shown to improve survival; it is not routinely recommended. Omission of lymph node dissection is only proposed for the smallest T1 tumors with favorable histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leblanc
- Service de chirurgie digestive, hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux
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Leblanc F, Witasse O, Lilensten J, Frahm RA, Safaenili A, Brain DA, Mouginot J, Nilsson H, Futaana Y, Halekas J, Holmström M, Bertaux JL, Winningham JD, Kofman W, Lundin R. Observations of aurorae by SPICAM ultraviolet spectrograph on board Mars Express: Simultaneous ASPERA-3 and MARSIS measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Leblanc
- Service d'Aéronomie; CNRS, IPSL; Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | - O. Witasse
- Research and Scientific Support Department; ESA, ESTEC; Noordwijk Netherlands
| | - J. Lilensten
- Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - R. A. Frahm
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | | | - D. A. Brain
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - J. Mouginot
- Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - H. Nilsson
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics; Kiruna Sweden
| | - Y. Futaana
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics; Kiruna Sweden
| | - J. Halekas
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - M. Holmström
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics; Kiruna Sweden
| | - J. L. Bertaux
- Service d'Aéronomie; CNRS, IPSL; Verrières-le-Buisson France
| | | | - W. Kofman
- Laboratoire de Planétologie de Grenoble; Grenoble France
| | - R. Lundin
- Swedish Institute of Space Physics; Kiruna Sweden
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Abstract
BACKGROUND No long-term advantage of the laparoscopic approach has been demonstrated in colorectal surgery. This study compared the risk of incisional hernia between laparoscopic and open surgery for rectal cancer. METHODS Between 1994 and 2004, patients who had restorative mesorectal excision for rectal cancer by laparoscopy were compared with those treated by open surgery. Follow-up was prospective, and incisional hernia was considered to be any abdominal wound dehiscence occurring at the midline, extraction, trocar or ileostomy site. Cumulative risks of hernia were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log rank test. RESULTS Some 155 patients had a laparoscopic and 165 an open procedure. The two groups were similar in terms of age, sex, body mass index, tumour stage, loop ileostomy and morbidity. The conversion rate was 20.6 per cent. The rate of incisional hernia in all patients was 11.4 per cent at 1 year, 21.1 per cent at 2 years and 23.7 per cent at 5 years. The rate of hernia at 5 years was significantly lower in the laparoscopic than in the open group (13.0 versus 33.0 per cent; P < 0.001). The rate of hernia due specifically to the laparoscopic procedure (extraction and trocar sites) was ten times less than that after a primary or secondary open procedure (2.1 versus 16.1-33.1 per cent; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The laparoscopic approach decreases the risk of long-term incisional hernia following restorative mesorectal excision for rectal cancer. The benefit is most apparent in patients without conversion or postoperative complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laurent
- Department of Surgery, Saint-Andre Hospital, Victor-Segalen University, Bordeaux, France.
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Shematovich VI, Bisikalo DV, Gérard JC, Cox C, Bougher SW, Leblanc F. Monte Carlo model of electron transport for the calculation of Mars dayglow emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bertaux JL, Vandaele AC, Korablev O, Villard E, Fedorova A, Fussen D, Quémerais E, Belyaev D, Mahieux A, Montmessin F, Muller C, Neefs E, Nevejans D, Wilquet V, Dubois JP, Hauchecorne A, Stepanov A, Vinogradov I, Rodin A, Bertaux JL, Nevejans D, Korablev O, Montmessin F, Vandaele AC, Fedorova A, Cabane M, Chassefière E, Chaufray JY, Dimarellis E, Dubois JP, Hauchecorne A, Leblanc F, Lefèvre F, Rannou P, Quémerais E, Villard E, Fussen D, Muller C, Neefs E, Van Ransbeeck E, Wilquet V, Rodin A, Stepanov A, Vinogradov I, Zasova L, Forget F, Lebonnois S, Titov D, Rafkin S, Durry G, Gérard JC, Sandel B. A warm layer in Venus' cryosphere and high-altitude measurements of HF, HCl, H2O and HDO. Nature 2008; 450:646-9. [PMID: 18046397 DOI: 10.1038/nature05974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Venus has thick clouds of H2SO4 aerosol particles extending from altitudes of 40 to 60 km. The 60-100 km region (the mesosphere) is a transition region between the 4 day retrograde superrotation at the top of the thick clouds and the solar-antisolar circulation in the thermosphere (above 100 km), which has upwelling over the subsolar point and transport to the nightside. The mesosphere has a light haze of variable optical thickness, with CO, SO2, HCl, HF, H2O and HDO as the most important minor gaseous constituents, but the vertical distribution of the haze and molecules is poorly known because previous descent probes began their measurements at or below 60 km. Here we report the detection of an extensive layer of warm air at altitudes 90-120 km on the night side that we interpret as the result of adiabatic heating during air subsidence. Such a strong temperature inversion was not expected, because the night side of Venus was otherwise so cold that it was named the 'cryosphere' above 100 km. We also measured the mesospheric distributions of HF, HCl, H2O and HDO. HCl is less abundant than reported 40 years ago. HDO/H2O is enhanced by a factor of approximately 2.5 with respect to the lower atmosphere, and there is a general depletion of H2O around 80-90 km for which we have no explanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Bertaux
- Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS/IPSL, Verrières-le-Buisson 91371, France.
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Laurent C, Leblanc F, Gineste C, Saric J, Rullier E. Laparoscopic approach in surgical treatment of rectal cancer. Br J Surg 2007. [PMID: 17668915 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of conversion to open operation and morbidity have been reported after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) with sphincter preservation for rectal cancer. This study examined risk factors for conversion and morbidity to determine which patients with rectal cancer could benefit from a laparoscopic resection. METHODS Two hundred patients (117 men) with mid and low rectal cancer treated by laparoscopic TME were studied. The impact of clinical and pathological characteristics on conversion and complications was assessed by multivariable analysis. RESULTS Reconstruction after TME included 79 low colorectal and 121 coloanal anastomoses. Conversion was necessary in 31 patients (15.5 per cent), and was independently associated with sex, type of anastomosis and intraoperative rectal fixity. Postoperative morbidity in 50 patients (25.0 per cent) was independently associated with sex and type of anastomosis. Men with a stapled anastomosis had a threefold higher rate of conversion (13 (34 per cent) of 38 versus 18 (11.1 per cent) of 162; P < 0.001) and morbidity (22 (58 per cent) versus 28 (17.3 per cent); P < 0.001) than other patients. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic TME is a good option for women and for men treated by coloanal anastomosis. Technical improvement of laparoscopic stapling is needed before the laparoscopic approach can be offered to all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laurent
- Department of Surgery, Saint-Andre Hospital, 33075 Bordeaux, France.
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Chaufray JY, Modolo R, Leblanc F, Chanteur G, Johnson RE, Luhmann JG. Mars solar wind interaction: Formation of the Martian corona and atmospheric loss to space. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007je002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Evrard S, Razafindratsira T, Leblanc F, Fonck M, Brunet R, Bécouarn Y, Mathoulin-Pélissier S. 3062 POSTER Could delayed coloanal anastomosis (DCA) without derivative stoma improve morbi-mortality after total mesorectal excision (TME) for mid and low rectal carcinoma: a feasibility study. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
High rates of conversion to open operation and morbidity have been reported after laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (TME) with sphincter preservation for rectal cancer. This study examined risk factors for conversion and morbidity to determine which patients with rectal cancer could benefit from a laparoscopic resection.
Methods
Two hundred patients (117 men) with mid and low rectal cancer treated by laparoscopic TME were studied. The impact of clinical and pathological characteristics on conversion and complications was assessed by multivariable analysis.
Results
Reconstruction after TME included 79 low colorectal and 121 coloanal anastomoses. Conversion was necessary in 31 patients (15·5 per cent), and was independently associated with sex, type of anastomosis and intraoperative rectal fixity. Postoperative morbidity in 50 patients (25·0 per cent) was independently associated with sex and type of anastomosis. Men with a stapled anastomosis had a threefold higher rate of conversion (13 (34 per cent) of 38 versus 18 (11·1 per cent) of 162; P < 0·001) and morbidity (22 (58 per cent) versus 28 (17·3 per cent); P < 0·001) than other patients.
Conclusion
Laparoscopic TME is a good option for women and for men treated by coloanal anastomosis. Technical improvement of laparoscopic stapling is needed before the laparoscopic approach can be offered to all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laurent
- Department of Surgery, Saint-Andre Hospital, 33075 Bordeaux, France.
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De La Haye V, Waite JH, Johnson RE, Yelle RV, Cravens TE, Luhmann JG, Kasprzak WT, Gell DA, Magee B, Leblanc F, Michael M, Jurac S, Robertson IP. Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer data in Titan's upper atmosphere and exosphere: Observation of a suprathermal corona. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja012222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. H. Waite
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - R. E. Johnson
- Astronomy Department; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - R. V. Yelle
- Lunar and Planetary Laboratory; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
| | - T. E. Cravens
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - J. G. Luhmann
- Space Sciences Laboratory; University of California; Berkeley California USA
| | - W. T. Kasprzak
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - D. A. Gell
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - B. Magee
- Southwest Research Institute; San Antonio Texas USA
| | - F. Leblanc
- Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS/IPSL; Paris France
| | - M. Michael
- Civil Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Kanpur India
| | - S. Jurac
- Center for Space Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - I. P. Robertson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Kansas; Lawrence Kansas USA
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Evrard S, Arnaud J, Franco D, Lermite E, Lalet C, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, Leblanc F, Brunet R, Fonck M, Becouarn Y. 236 ORAL Efficiency of radiofrequency ablation combined or not with resection to treat unresectable colorectal metastases, with or without preop chemotherapy: the ARF2003 Study (NTC 00210106). Results of the intermediate analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(06)70671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Evrard S, Leblanc F, Lalet C, Mathoulin-Pelissier S. 69 POSTER May bipolar vessel sealers prevent bile leaks after hepatectomy? Eur J Surg Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(06)70504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Bertaux JL, Korablev O, Perrier S, Quémerais E, Montmessin F, Leblanc F, Lebonnois S, Rannou P, Lefèvre F, Forget F, Fedorova A, Dimarellis E, Reberac A, Fonteyn D, Chaufray JY, Guibert S. SPICAM on Mars Express: Observing modes and overview of UV spectrometer data and scientific results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006je002690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leblanc F, Witasse O, Winningham J, Brain D, Lilensten J, Blelly PL, Frahm RA, Halekas JS, Bertaux JL. Origins of the Martian aurora observed by Spectroscopy for Investigation of Characteristics of the Atmosphere of Mars (SPICAM) on board Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leblanc F, Chaufray JY, Lilensten J, Witasse O, Bertaux JL. Martian dayglow as seen by the SPICAM UV spectrograph on Mars Express. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005je002664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Leblanc F, Narducci F, Chevalier A, Taieb S, Castelain B, Querleu D. Pretherapeutic laparoscopic staging of locally advanced cervical carcinomas: Technique and results. Gynecol Oncol 2005; 99:S157-8. [PMID: 16419202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2005.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Leblanc
- Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille, France.
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Chassefière E, Bertaux JL, Berthelier JJ, Cabane M, Ciarletti V, Durry G, Forget F, Hamelin M, Leblanc F, Menvielle M, Gerasimov M, Korablev O, Linkin S, Managadze G, Jambon A, Manhès G, Lognonné P, Agrinier P, Cartigny P, Giardini D, Pike T, Kofman W, Herique A, Coll P, Person A, Costard F, Sarda P, Paillou P, Chaussidon M, Marty B, Robert F, Maurice S, Blanc M, d'Uston C, Sabroux JC, Pineau JF, Rochette P. MEP (Mars Environment Package): toward a package for studying environmental conditions at the surface of Mars from future lander/rover missions. Adv Space Res 2004; 34:1702-9. [PMID: 15934176 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In view to prepare Mars human exploration, it is necessary to promote and lead, at the international level, a highly interdisciplinary program, involving specialists of geochemistry, geophysics, atmospheric science, space weather, and biology. The goal of this program will be to elaborate concepts of individual instruments, then of integrated instrumental packages, able to collect exhaustive data sets of environmental parameters from future landers and rovers of Mars, and to favour the conditions of their implementation. Such a program is one of the most urgent need for preparing human exploration, in order to develop mitigation strategies aimed at ensuring the safety of human explorers, and minimizing risk for surface operations. A few main areas of investigation may be listed: particle and radiation environment, chemical composition of atmosphere, meteorology, chemical composition of dust, surface and subsurface material, water in the subsurface, physical properties of the soil, search for an hypothesized microbial activity, characterization of radio-electric properties of the Martian ionosphere. Scientists at the origin of the present paper, already involved at a high degree of responsibility in several Mars missions, and actively preparing in situ instrumentation for future landed platforms (Netlander--now cancelled, MSL-09), express their readiness to participate in both ESA/AURORA and NASA programs of Mars human exploration. They think that the formation of a Mars Environment working group at ESA, in the course of the AURORA definition phase, could act positively in favour of the program, by increasing its scientific cross-section and making it still more focused on human exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chassefière
- Pôle de Planétologie de l'IPSL, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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Abstract
MOTIVATION One particular application of microarray data, is to uncover the molecular variation among cancers. One feature of microarray studies is the fact that the number n of samples collected is relatively small compared to the number p of genes per sample which are usually in the thousands. In statistical terms this very large number of predictors compared to a small number of samples or observations makes the classification problem difficult. An efficient way to solve this problem is by using dimension reduction statistical techniques in conjunction with nonparametric discriminant procedures. RESULTS We view the classification problem as a regression problem with few observations and many predictor variables. We use an adaptive dimension reduction method for generalized semi-parametric regression models that allows us to solve the 'curse of dimensionality problem' arising in the context of expression data. The predictive performance of the resulting classification rule is illustrated on two well know data sets in the microarray literature: the leukemia data that is known to contain classes that are easy 'separable' and the colon data set.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antoniadis
- Laboratoire IMAG-LMC, University Joseph Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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Cavallo JD, Plesiat P, Couetdic G, Leblanc F, Fabre R. Mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: prevalence of OprM-overproducing strains in a French multicentre study (1997). J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50:1039-43. [PMID: 12461030 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkf186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred and forty-three non-repetitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected in 13 French hospitals in 1997. A decreased susceptibility or resistance to ticarcillin (MIC > 16 mg/L) was found in 61 isolates (43%) and this was attributed to three major mechanisms: (i) overexpression of OprM and hence related efflux components such as MexAB or MexXY (42.6%), (ii) production of acquired beta-lactamase (29.5%) and (iii) overexpression of chromosomally encoded AmpC cephalosporinase (21.3%). Four of seven 'intrinsically' resistant strains (11.5%) with normal amounts of OprM were shown to produce low levels of AmpC, whereas in three isolates no resistance mechanism to beta-lactams could be identified. Overproduction of OprM thus appears as an important mechanism of ticarcillin resistance in French isolates of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Cavallo
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, 69 Avenue de Paris, 94163 St Mandé, France.
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Cavallo JD, Leblanc F, Fabre R, Fourticq-Esqueöute A. [Survey of the antibiotic sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in France and the distribution of beta-lactam resistance mechanisms: the GERPB 1999 study]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2001; 49:534-9. [PMID: 11642015 DOI: 10.1016/s0369-8114(01)00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A prospective survey was carried out in october 1999 in 15 french teaching hospitals. Average susceptibility rates, determined by minimal inhibitory concentrations, for the 738 non-repetitive strains of P. aeruginosa isolated were: ticarcillin, 58%, ticarcillin + clavulanic acid, 56%, piperacillin, 73%, piperacillin + tazobactam, 82%, ceftazidime, 76%, cefepime, 53%, cefpirome, 36%, aztreonam, 58%, imipenem, 81%, amikacin, 62%, tobramycine, 71% and, ciprofloxacin, 60%. Among the 75% serotypable strains, the most frequent serotypes were: O:6 (15.3%), O:11 (14.5%), O:1 (10.4%), O:3 (7.9%), O:4 (6.1%) and O:12 (6.1%). The serotype O:12 was the most resistant to antibiotics. Forty-two percent of the strains were resistant or presented an intermediate susceptibility to ticarcillin. Mechanisms were as follow: 14.5% non enzymatic mechanism, 12.5% overproduction of the constitutive cephalosporinase, 7.1% transferable betalactamase and, 6.9% combination of these mechanisms. Among the 67 transferable betalactamases: 48 (71.6%) were PSE-1, 12 (19.4%) TEM-2 and 6 (7.5%) oxacillinases. One extended spectrum betalactamase was characterized. Among the cephalosporines tested, cefepime was less affected by the overproduction of constitutive cephalosporinase. Ceftazidime, remained the best cephalosporin except against the strains overexpressing the chromosomal type 1 beta-lactamase. Resistance to tobramycin was mainly due to enzymatic mechanisms with a high level of resistance. Decreased susceptibility was more frequent for amikacin than for tobramycin. This was probably related with non enzymatic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Cavallo
- Service de biologie médicale, hôpital d'instruction des Armées Bégin (HIA), 69, avenue de Paris, 94163 Saint-Mandé, France.
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Dubreuil C, Gehanno P, Goldstein F, Pancrazi J, Timsit C, Leblanc F, Meunier A, Chauveau E. Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in adult outpatients: comparison of a five versus ten day-course of cefuroxime axetil. Med Mal Infect 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(01)00171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Dubreuil C, Gehanno P, Goldstein F, Pancrazi J, Timsit C, Leblanc F, Meunier A, Chauveau E. Sinusites maxillaires aiguës bactériennes de l'adulte : comparaison d'une durée de traitement de cinq jours versus dix jours par céfuroxime axetil. Med Mal Infect 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(01)00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hance P, Fabre R, Leblanc F, Cavallo JD. [Correlation between sensitivity to fosfomycin and the presence of penicillinase PSE-1 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2001; 49:12-5. [PMID: 11265218 DOI: 10.1016/s0369-8114(00)00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A prospective survey was carried out during three three-weeks periods in May, October 1997 and October 1998 in 13 teaching hospitals. All non-repetitive isolates of P. aeruginosa collected were subject to serotypage and determination of the inhibiting minimal concentrations for ticarcillin, piperacillin, piperacillin + tazobactam, ceftazidime, imipenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin. Identification of the betalactamases and quantification of the cephalosporinase were done for the strains intermediate or resistant to ticarcillin. The most frequent serotypes were O: 6 (17%), O: 11 (13%), O: 1 (10%) and O: 12 (9%). Serotype O: 12 was the least susceptible to antibiotics except for fosfomycin. Whatever the serotype, 76% of P. aeruginosa strains with bla PSE-1 are susceptible to fosfomycin, when only 29.8% of non bla PSE-1 producing strains were susceptible to this antibiotic. Integron encoding bla PSE-1 could be implicated in susceptibility to fosfomycin of P. aeruginosa strains. The associations fosfomycin + imipenem or fosfomycin + ceftazidime could be proposed in case of infections due to P. aeruginosa O: 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hance
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, 69 avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
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Boulesteix J, Olivier C, Mselati J, Guillot M, Chauveau V, Bougon N, Leblanc F. Infections respiratoires basses de l’enfant. Efficacité comparée de la céfuroxime axetil et du cefpodoxime proxétil. Med Mal Infect 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0399-077x(00)80026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cavallo JD, Fabre R, Leblanc F, Nicolas-Chanoine MH, Thabaut A. Antibiotic susceptibility and mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in 1310 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa: a French multicentre study (1996). J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46:133-6. [PMID: 10882703 DOI: 10.1093/jac/46.1.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1310 consecutive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected in 11 French hospitals in 1996. The percentages of susceptible isolates measured by the agar dilution method were: ticarcillin (53%), piperacillin (69%) (MIC 16 mg/L), ceftazidime (77%), cefepime (55%), cefpirome (40%), aztreonam (57.5%), imipenem (81.5%) (MIC 4 mg/L), amikacin (64.5%) (MIC 8 mg/L) and ciprofloxacin (58%) (MIC 1 mg/L). Resistance to beta-lactams was linked to the production of transferable beta-lactamases (30%), overproduction of cephalosporinase (29%) and to non-enzymic mechanisms (38%).
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Cavallo
- Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, 69 Avenue de Paris, 94163 St Mandé, France.
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Cavallo JD, Leblanc F, Fabre R. [Surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity to antibiotics in France and distribution of beta-lactam resistance mechanisms: 1998 GERPB study]. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2000; 48:472-7. [PMID: 10949844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In a prospective study carried out during a three-week period in October 1998 in 13 teaching hospitals, 735 non-repetitive isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected. In patients presenting cystic fibrosis (70 strains), the main serotypes isolated were O:6 (14.3%) and O:1 (14.3%). Serotypes O:11 and O:12 were exceptional. In other patients (665 strains), the most frequent serotypes were O:6 (15.9%), O:11 (15.6%), O:1 (10.7%) and O:12 (9.2%). The antibiotic susceptibility rates were as follows (respectively, non-cystic fibrosis and cystic fibrosis strains): ticarcillin, 55 and 59%, piperacillin, 71 and 67%, ceftazidime, 75 and 67%, cefepime, 56 and 43%, cefpirome, 37 and 21%, aztreonam, 57 and 56%, imipenem, 83 and 70%, amikacin, 69 and 33%, ciprofloxacin, 56 and 61% and fosfomycin, 33 and 43%. Serotype O:12 was the least susceptible to antibiotics. Forty-five percent of the non-cystic fibrosis strains presented intermediate susceptibility or resistance to ticarcillin. The most frequent mechanisms of resistance were: non-enzymatic resistance (14.3%), overproduction of the constitutive cephalosporinase (13.8%), production of transferable beta-lactamase (8.6%) and a combination of these mechanisms (4.2%). Among cystic fibrosis strains, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was mainly due to overproduction of the constitutive cephalosporinase (18.6%), whereas production of a transferable beta-lactamase was rare (1.4%). Susceptibility to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones was less frequent in isolates producing transferable beta-lactamases and/or overproducing cephalosporinase. Decreased susceptibility to imipenem was more frequent in strains presenting a high level of cephalosporinase production. Among the cephalosporins, cefepime was the least affected by the overproduction of constitutive cephalosporinase. Ceftazidime remained the most efficient antibiotic against both susceptible isolates and strains presenting a non-enzymatic or PSE-1 penicillinase-producing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Cavallo
- Service de biologie médicale, hôpital d'instruction des armées Bégin, Paris, France
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Vacher S, Pellegrin JL, Leblanc F, Fourche J, Maugein J. Comparative antimycobacterial activities of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and grepafloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 44:647-52. [PMID: 10552981 DOI: 10.1093/jac/44.5.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis are difficult to treat. New compounds potentially active against these bacteria are therefore constantly being sought. Among them is grepafloxacin, a new C5 fluoroquinolone. A panel of 130 isolates of mycobacteria including 33 M. tuberculosis isolates and 97 isolates of different species of atypical mycobacteria were analysed for susceptibility to grepafloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The MICs of these fluoroquinolones were determined using the agar-dilution method. Different mycobacterial species showed different degrees of susceptibility to grepafloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin but little difference was observed between the MICs of the three antibiotics against strains of the same mycobacterial species. In addition, to evaluate the intracellular activity of these drugs, six strains of mycobacteria were studied using a human-macrophage infection model. Preliminary results of macrophage experiments showed that grepafloxacin was more active than ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, particularly against Mycobacterium kansasii and, to a lesser degree, against Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium marinum. However, the three fluoroquinolones had comparable activities against M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vacher
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Pessac Glaxo-Wellcome, Marly-le-Roi, France.
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Pessey JJ, Gehanno P, Thoroddsen E, Dagan R, Leibovitz E, Machac J, Pimentel JM, Marr C, Leblanc F. Short course therapy with cefuroxime axetil for acute otitis media: results of a randomized multicenter comparison with amoxicillin/clavulanate. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:854-9. [PMID: 10530579 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199910000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Otitis media is a common infection of childhood. Increasing antibiotic resistance rates among the principal causative pathogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, are associated with failure of first line agents. OBJECTIVE This open, randomized, multicenter study compared the clinical efficacy of a short 5-day course of cefuroxime axetil (CAE) suspension with that of amoxicillin/clavulanate (A/CA) suspension for 8 or 10 days. METHODS Children age 6 to 36 months with acute otitis media with effusion, diagnosed by tympanocentesis and microbiologic culture, were randomized to receive CAE (30 mg/kg/day in two divided doses for 5 days) or A/CA 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses for 10 days (A/CA-10). In French centers A/CA was given at 80 mg/kg/day in three divided doses for 8 days (A/CA-8). Patients were assessed 1 to 4 days after completing the course (posttreatment) and followed up at 21 to 28 days after completing the course. RESULTS Of the 716 patients randomized, 252 were treated with CAE, 255 with A/CA-10 and 209 with A/CA-8. In the clinically evaluable population, the proportions of patients with clinical cure at posttreatment were 175 of 203 (86%), 181 of 205 (88%) and 145 of 164 (88%) in the CAE, A/CA-10 and A/CA-8 groups, respectively, demonstrating equivalence among the three treatments. For patients <18 months old, clinical cures were 111 of 134 (83%), 116 of 131 (89%) and 83 of 99 (84%) in the CAE, A/CA-10 and A/CA-8 groups, respectively; equivalence was also demonstrated. At follow-up, 130 of 175 (74%) CAE, 121 of 172 (70%) A/CA-10, and 112 of 142 (79%) A/CA-8 had maintained cure. A total of 837 pretreatment pathogens were isolated from middle ear fluid in 73% (522 of 716) patients, the majority of isolates were S. pneumoniae (30%) and H. influenzae (27%). The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal, the incidence of drug-related diarrhea being higher in the A/CA-10 group (18%) than in either the CAE or A/CA-8 groups (10%). CONCLUSIONS A 5-day course of CAE, given twice daily, was shown to be equivalent to the two regimens of A/CA for treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in children.
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Zuck P, Petitpretz P, Geslin P, Rio Y, Leblanc F. Bacteriological eradication of Streptococcus pneumoniae from patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: cefuroxime axetil versus cefixime. Int J Clin Pract 1999; 53:437-43. [PMID: 10622071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacteriological eradication rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from sputum of patients experiencing acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (WHO definition) have been compared following therapy with either cefuroxime axetil 250 mg b.d. or cefixime 200 mg b.d. All patients were hospitalised for an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. The study design was a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel group with patients giving written informed consent initially. Patients were recruited to the study if they met the WHO definition of chronic bronchitis, were aged 30-75 years and had a high probability of S. pneumoniae infection based on initial sputum Gram stain. All S. pneumoniae isolates were serotyped and susceptibility tested at the National Reference Centre, Paris. S. pneumoniae was eradicated more rapidly following cefuroxime axetil administration than after cefixime and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002) at 2-4 days post-treatment. Clinical endpoints showed a similar trend--94% response to cefuroxime axetil compared with 71% response to cefixime (RR 6.39:1). Cefuroxime eradicated S. pneumoniae significantly more rapidly than cefixime and patients in the cefuroxime axetil arm had favourable clinical criteria. The data suggest that focused antibacterial studies may be helpful in evaluating antibiotics in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zuck
- Pulmonology Department, Hôpital Notre Dame de Bon Secours, Metz, France
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Bébéar CM, Renaudin H, Schaeverbeke T, Leblanc F, Bébéar C. In-vitro activity of grepafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, against mycoplasmas. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999; 43:711-4. [PMID: 10382895 DOI: 10.1093/jac/43.5.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The in-vitro activity of grepafloxacin, a new oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was compared with those of three other fluoroquinolones and two unrelated antimicrobials, doxycycline and erythromycin, against various Mycoplasma spp. For 65 mycoplasma and 42 ureaplasma strains, grepafloxacin (MIC range 0.03-2 mg/L) was some two to 16 times more active than ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, showing similar activity to that of sparfloxacin. MBCs of grepafloxacin increased two- to 16-fold when compared with MICs and were comparable to those of sparfloxacin, and lower than those of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Bébéar
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, France.
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