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Pelster DE, Watt D, Strachan IB, Rochette P, Bertrand N, Chantigny MH. Effects of Initial Soil Moisture, Clod Size, and Clay Content on Ammonia Volatilization after Subsurface Band Application of Urea. J Environ Qual 2019; 48:549-558. [PMID: 31180441 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.09.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia losses from broadcast urea vary based on soil physical and chemical properties; however, less is known about how soil properties affect NH losses after subsurface banding of urea. Therefore, three field trials were established to determine how initial soil moisture, clod size, and clay content affect NH volatilization from subsurface-banded (0.025-m depth) urea using wind tunnels. The first study measured volatilization after banding in a loamy mixed frigid Typic Humaquept at 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 g kg gravimetric water content (WC). Study 2 measured volatilization from the same soil after covering the bands with soil clods that ranged from <2 to >24 mm in diameter, whereas Study 3 measured volatilization from transplanted, acidic soils with clay contents ranging from 5 to 57%. Cumulative 17-d NH losses for study one ranged from 8.3 to 20.8% of applied N, with the soil wetted to 200 g kg WC experiencing the greatest losses. For Study 2, cumulative NH volatilization losses ranged from 10.8 to 20.8% of applied N, with the greatest losses from the largest clod sizes. For Study 3, NH losses ranged from 2.5 to 51.7% of applied N, with the NH losses correlated to the maximum pH measured in the band ( < 0.001), and to the soil cation exchange capacity ( = 0.054), titratable acidity ( = 0.072), and clay content ( = 0.100). However, the soil with high silt, not sand, content had the highest volatilization losses, suggesting that high silt soils may have the greatest potential for NH volatilization.
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Uehara M, Gattacceca J, Quesnel Y, Lepaulard C, Lima EA, Manfredi M, Rochette P. A spinner magnetometer for large Apollo lunar samples. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:104502. [PMID: 29092488 DOI: 10.1063/1.5008905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We developed a spinner magnetometer to measure the natural remanent magnetization of large Apollo lunar rocks in the storage vault of the Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility (LSLF) of NASA. The magnetometer mainly consists of a commercially available three-axial fluxgate sensor and a hand-rotating sample table with an optical encoder recording the rotation angles. The distance between the sample and the sensor is adjustable according to the sample size and magnetization intensity. The sensor and the sample are placed in a two-layer mu-metal shield to measure the sample natural remanent magnetization. The magnetic signals are acquired together with the rotation angle to obtain stacking of the measured signals over multiple revolutions. The developed magnetometer has a sensitivity of 5 × 10-7 Am2 at the standard sensor-to-sample distance of 15 cm. This sensitivity is sufficient to measure the natural remanent magnetization of almost all the lunar basalt and breccia samples with mass above 10 g in the LSLF vault.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uehara
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - J Gattacceca
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Y Quesnel
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - C Lepaulard
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - E A Lima
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | - P Rochette
- CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
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Grossel A, Nicoullaud B, Bourennane H, Rochette P, Guimbaud C, Chartier M, Catoire V, Hénault C. Simulating the spatial variability of nitrous oxide emission from cropped soils at the within-field scale using the NOE model. Ecol Modell 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Munayco P, Munayco J, Valenzuela M, Rochette P, Gattacceca J, Scorzelli RB. 57 Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of chondritic meteorites from the Atacama Desert, Chile: Implications for weathering processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10751-012-0755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Aoudjehane HC, Avice G, Barrat JA, Boudouma O, Chen G, Duke MJM, Franchi IA, Gattacceca J, Grady MM, Greenwood RC, Herd CDK, Hewins R, Jambon A, Marty B, Rochette P, Smith CL, Sautter V, Verchovsky A, Weber P, Zanda B. Tissint Martian Meteorite: A Fresh Look at the Interior, Surface, and Atmosphere of Mars. Science 2012; 338:785-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1224514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Chennaoui Aoudjehane
- Hassan II University Casablanca, Faculty of Sciences, Géosciences Appliquées à l’Ingénierie et l’Aménagement (GAIA) Laboratory, BP 5366 Maârif, Casablanca Morocco
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Institut de la Terre de Paris (UMR 7193) 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris France
| | - G. Avice
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques-CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, BP 20, F-54501 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J.-A. Barrat
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale–Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, UMR 6538, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané Cedex, France
| | - O. Boudouma
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Institut de la Terre de Paris (UMR 7193) 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris France
| | - G. Chen
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - M. J. M. Duke
- SLOWPOKE Nuclear Reactor Facility, 1-20 University Hall, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J9, Canada
| | - I. A. Franchi
- Planetary and Space Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - J. Gattacceca
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement, CNRS Aix-Marseille University, BP80 13545 Aix en Provence, Cedex 4, France
| | - M. M. Grady
- Planetary and Space Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
- Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - R. C. Greenwood
- Planetary and Space Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - C. D. K. Herd
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - R. Hewins
- Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Matière Extraterrestre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle and CNRS-UMS2679, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Jambon
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Institut de la Terre de Paris (UMR 7193) 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris France
| | - B. Marty
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques-CNRS, Université de Lorraine, 15 rue Notre Dame des Pauvres, BP 20, F-54501 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P. Rochette
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d’Enseignement des Géosciences de l’Environnement, CNRS Aix-Marseille University, BP80 13545 Aix en Provence, Cedex 4, France
| | - C. L Smith
- Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD, UK
- ESA (European Space Agency) European Space Research and Technology Center, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands
- UK Space Agency, ESA Harwell Centre, Atlas Building, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, UK
| | - V. Sautter
- Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Matière Extraterrestre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle and CNRS-UMS2679, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Verchovsky
- Planetary and Space Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - P. Weber
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - B. Zanda
- Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Matière Extraterrestre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle and CNRS-UMS2679, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
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Gasser MO, Chantigny MH, Angers DA, Bittman S, Buckley KE, Rochette P, Massé D. Plant-available and water-soluble phosphorus in soils amended with separated manure solids. J Environ Qual 2012; 41:1290-1300. [PMID: 22751074 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Physical, chemical, or biological treatment of animal liquid manure generally produces a dry-matter rich fraction (DMF) that contains most of the initial phosphorus (P). Our objective was to assess the solubility and plant availability of P from various DMFs as a function of soil P status. Eight different DMFs were obtained from liquid swine (LSM) and dairy cattle (LDC) manures treated by natural decantation, anaerobic digestion, chemical flocculation, composting, or mechanical separation. The DMFs were compared with mineral P fertilizer in a pot experiment with oat ( L.) grown in four soils with varied P-fixing capacities and P saturation levels. The DMFs were added at a rate of 50 mg P kg soil and incubated 14 d before seeding. Soil water-extractable P (P) at all water:soil extraction ratios (2:1, 20:1, and 200:1) was slightly higher when DMFs were derived from LDC rather than LSM. Soil P at the 2:1 ratio was lower with anaerobically digested LSM. At the 2:1 extraction ratio, DMF P was less soluble than mineral P as P saturation in soils increased. In soils with a lower P-fixing capacity, DMF P appeared less water soluble than mineral P under 20:1 and 200:1 extraction ratios. After 72 d of plant growth, DMFs produced yields comparable to mineral P fertilizer. Although the plant availability of P from DMFs was comparable to mineral P fertilizer, P from DMFs could be less vulnerable to leaching or runoff losses in soils with a high P saturation level or low P-fixing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-O Gasser
- Institut de recherche et de developpement en agroenvironnement, Quebec
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Lévesque V, Dorais M, Gravel V, Ménard C, Antoun H, Rochette P, Roy S. THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS TO TREAT GREENHOUSE EFFLUENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2011.893.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Girard PM, Francesconi S, Pozzebon M, Graindorge D, Rochette P, Drouin R, Sage E. UVA-induced damage to DNA and proteins: directversusindirect photochemical processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/261/1/012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Smith E, Gordon R, Bourque C, Campbell A, Génermont S, Rochette P, Mkhabela M. Simulated management effects on ammonia emissions from field applied manure. J Environ Manage 2009; 90:2531-2536. [PMID: 19233543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A need exists to improve the utilization of manure nutrients by minimizing NH(3) emissions from land application of manure. Management strategies to reduce NH(3) emissions are available; however, few have been validated under Canadian conditions. A well tested and accurate simulation model, however, can help overcome this challenge by determining appropriate management strategies for a given set of field conditions. The Volt'Air simulation model was utilized to estimate NH(3) volatilization from manure spreading for various manure spreading considerations under a range of atmospheric conditions typically encountered in eastern Canada. Considerations included: (i) soil liming, (ii) time of day of manure spreading, (iii) rainfall (timing and amount) and (iv) manure incorporation (timing, depth and manure coverage). Results demonstrated that liming to increase soil pH, increased NH(3) emissions by 3.3 kg ha(-1) for each increment of 0.1 pH (up to a 1.5 total increase), over no liming at 34.6 kg ha(-1). For each hour delay in manure spreading past 0800 h, NH(3) losses were reduced by 1.5 kg ha(-1). Rainfall (10mm) at least 20 h after manure application reduced losses, with increased reductions at higher rainfall amounts. Incorporation soon (1h) after application was best for NH(3) mitigation. Increasing the depth of incorporation by 5c m reduced NH(3) emissions by 4.4 kg ha(-1); also increasing manure coverage by incorporation reduced losses by 2 kg ha(-1) for each 10% increase in coverage, compared to surface application at 34.6 kg ha(-1). This investigation using Volt'Air yielded valuable information about simulating manure management strategies and the magnitude of their effects on NH(3) emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smith
- Engineering Department, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Abstract
A short critical review is provided on two questions linking magnetism and possible early life on Mars: (1) Did Mars have an Earth-like internal magnetic field, and, if so, during which period and was it a requisite for life? (2) Is there a connection between iron minerals in the martian regolith and life? We also discuss the possible astrobiological implications of magnetic measurements at the surface of Mars using two proposed instruments. A magnetic remanence device based on magnetic field measurements can be used to identify Noachian age rocks and lightning impacts. A contact magnetic susceptibility probe can be used to investigate weathering rinds on martian rocks and identify meteorites among the small regolith rocks. Both materials are considered possible specific niches for microorganisms and, thus, potential astrobiological targets. Experimental results on analogues are presented to support the suitability of such in situ measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rochette
- CEREGE, CNRS/Universitá d'Aix Marseille 3, Aix en Provence, France.
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Chassefière E, Bertaux JL, Berthelier JJ, Cabane M, Ciarletti V, Durry G, Forget F, Hamelin M, Leblanc F, Menvielle M, Gerasimov M, Korablev O, Linkin S, Managadze G, Jambon A, Manhès G, Lognonné P, Agrinier P, Cartigny P, Giardini D, Pike T, Kofman W, Herique A, Coll P, Person A, Costard F, Sarda P, Paillou P, Chaussidon M, Marty B, Robert F, Maurice S, Blanc M, d'Uston C, Sabroux JC, Pineau JF, Rochette P. MEP (Mars Environment Package): toward a package for studying environmental conditions at the surface of Mars from future lander/rover missions. Adv Space Res 2004; 34:1702-9. [PMID: 15934176 DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In view to prepare Mars human exploration, it is necessary to promote and lead, at the international level, a highly interdisciplinary program, involving specialists of geochemistry, geophysics, atmospheric science, space weather, and biology. The goal of this program will be to elaborate concepts of individual instruments, then of integrated instrumental packages, able to collect exhaustive data sets of environmental parameters from future landers and rovers of Mars, and to favour the conditions of their implementation. Such a program is one of the most urgent need for preparing human exploration, in order to develop mitigation strategies aimed at ensuring the safety of human explorers, and minimizing risk for surface operations. A few main areas of investigation may be listed: particle and radiation environment, chemical composition of atmosphere, meteorology, chemical composition of dust, surface and subsurface material, water in the subsurface, physical properties of the soil, search for an hypothesized microbial activity, characterization of radio-electric properties of the Martian ionosphere. Scientists at the origin of the present paper, already involved at a high degree of responsibility in several Mars missions, and actively preparing in situ instrumentation for future landed platforms (Netlander--now cancelled, MSL-09), express their readiness to participate in both ESA/AURORA and NASA programs of Mars human exploration. They think that the formation of a Mars Environment working group at ESA, in the course of the AURORA definition phase, could act positively in favour of the program, by increasing its scientific cross-section and making it still more focused on human exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chassefière
- Pôle de Planétologie de l'IPSL, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
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van Bochove E, Thériault G, Rochette P, Jones HG, Pomeroy JW. Thick ice layers in snow and frozen soil affecting gas emissions from agricultural soils during winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rannou P, Chassefiere E, Encrenaz T, Erard S, Genin JM, Ingrin J, Jambon A, Jolivet JP, Raulin F, Renault P, Rochette P, Person A, Siguier JM, Toublanc D. EXOCAM: Mars in a box to simulate soil-atmosphere interactions. Adv Space Res 2001; 27:189-193. [PMID: 11603400 DOI: 10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present the principle of the EXOCAM chamber, devoted to the study of physical-chemical interactions between the atmosphere and the surface and subsurface in Mars conditions. The purpose of this experiment is to reach a better knowledge of the physical and chemical processes that altered the atmosphere-soil coupled system. We describe the scientific goals of EXOCAM, the multiple fields that will benefit from this experiment and the instrumentation that is devoted to the analysis of the results. We also give a description of the chamber and its main devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rannou
- Service d'Aeronomie/IPSL, Univ. Paris 6, 4, place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Vlag P, Thouveny N, Williamson D, Rochette P, Ben-Atig F. Evidence for a geomagnetic excursion recorded in the sediments of Lac St. Front, France: A link with the Laschamp excursion? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jb02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rochette P, Jenatton L, Dupuy C, Boudier F, Reuber I. Diabase Dikes Emplacement in the Oman Ophiolite: A Magnetic Fabric Study with Reference to Geochemistry. Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Vergne R, Mollard P, Vialon P, Rochette P. Modèle d'anisotropie des propriétés magnétiques induites par l'orientation préférentielle de forme dans une roche déformée. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1051/rphysap:01988002305089100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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