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Wong CSM, Mak LLY, Lee VKH, Lo RCL, Chung MMH, Chu F, Yeung CK, Yuen MF, Chan HHL. Detection of significant liver fibrosis in Chinese psoriasis patients receiving methotrexate: a comparison between transient elastography and liver histology. Hong Kong Med J 2024; 30:110-119. [PMID: 38651202 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj2210364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methotrexate (MTX) is effective for treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, but its potential hepatoxicity remains a concern. Liver biopsy, the gold standard for detecting MTX-induced liver injury, is invasive and carries considerable risk. Transient elastography (TE) offers a non-invasive alternative for detecting advanced liver fibrosis. This study investigated the performance of TE in detecting MTX-induced liver fibrosis among Chinese psoriasis patients, compared with liver biopsy. METHODS This study included adult patients with clinical psoriasis. Liver stiffness measurement using TE was performed in patients receiving MTX. Exclusion criteria were known liver cirrhosis, positive viral hepatitis carrier status, or conditions influencing TE performance. Liver biopsy was performed when liver stiffness was ≥7.1 kilopascals (kPa) or when the total cumulative dose (TCD) of MTX was ≥3.5 g. RESULTS A total of 228 patients were screened; among 34 patients who met the inclusion criteria, nine (26.5%) had significant liver fibrosis (Roenigk grade ≥3a). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.76 (95% confidence interval=0.59-0.93; P=0.021), indicating that TE had satisfactory performance in detecting liver fibrosis. A cut-off value of 7.1 kPa of liver stiffness yielded 100% sensitivity and 68% specificity. Liver fibrosis was not correlated with the TCD of MTX or the duration of MTX use; it was significantly correlated with obesity and diabetes status (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2, waist circumference ≥138 cm, and glycated haemoglobin level ≥7.8%). CONCLUSION Transient elastography is reliable and superior to the TCD for detecting liver fibrosis in Chinese psoriasis patients receiving MTX. Liver biopsy should be reserved for high-risk patients or patients with liver stiffness ≥11.7 kPa on TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S M Wong
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L L Y Mak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - V K H Lee
- Imaging and Interventional Radiology Centre, CUHK Medical Centre, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R C L Lo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M M H Chung
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - F Chu
- Department of Radiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - C K Yeung
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - M F Yuen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - H H L Chan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Xu JJ, Shi C, Hong XQ, Chu F, Bai QK, Wang J, Shi YM, Guo ZX, Zhang XR, Wang FC, Zhang M, Chang XT, Zhang XC, Zhong YW. [Study of the predictive role of serum HBV RNA on HBeAg serological conversion in children with chronic hepatitis B]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:1182-1186. [PMID: 38238952 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220121-00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of serum hepatitis B virus RNA (HBV RNA) in predicting HBeAg serological conversion in children with chronic hepatitis B. Methods: 175 children aged 1~17 years with chronic hepatitis B who received interferon α (IFNα) for 48 weeks were selected. Patients were divided into HBeAg seroconversion and non-conversion based on whether HBeAg seroconversion occurred at 48 weeks of treatment.T-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare between groups; chisquare test or Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the frequency between groups of classified variables; and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between indicators. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify influencing factors associated with HBeAg serological conversion. The predictive effect of HBV RNA, HBV DNA, and HBsAg on HBeAg serological conversion was compared and analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results: The seroconversion rate of HBeAg at 48 weeks was 36.0% (63/175). The reduction in HBVRNA levels from baseline to the 12th, 24th, 36th, and 48th weeks of antiviral therapy was significantly greater in the HBeAg serological conversion group than that in the non-conversion group, and the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses showed that age and a decline in HBV RNA levels at week 12 were independent predictors of HBeAg serological conversion. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of HBV RNA decline at week 12 was 0.677(95% CI∶0.549-0.806, P = 0.012), which was significantly better than the same period of AUROC of HBV DNA (0.657, 95% CI∶0.527-0.788, P = 0.025) and HBsAg (0.660, 95% CI∶0.526-0.795, P = 0.023) decline. HBV RNA levels decreased (>1.385 log10 copies/ml) at week 12, with a positive predictive value of 53.2%, a negative predictive value of 72.2%, a sensitivity of 77.4%, and a specificity of 57.9% for HBeAg seroconversion. Conclusion: HBV RNA level lowering during the 12th week of antiviral therapy can serve as an early predictor marker for HBeAg serological conversion in children with chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Xu
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - C Shi
- the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - X Q Hong
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - F Chu
- the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Q K Bai
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - J Wang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Y M Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Z X Guo
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - X R Zhang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - F C Wang
- the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - M Zhang
- the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - X T Chang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - X C Zhang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Y W Zhong
- the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
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LaJoie AL, Chu F, Langendorf S, Cassibry J, Vyas A, Gilmore M. Multi-camera imaging to characterize jet and liner uniformity on the Plasma Liner Experiment (PLX). Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:063503. [PMID: 37862493 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
At Plasma Liner Experiment, a set of 36 coaxial plasma guns are deployed quasi-uniformly over a 9 ft diameter spherical chamber and are used to form a high-Z spherically compressive plasma liner. Simulations indicate that for the concept to ultimately achieve optimal target density and temperature, a high degree of timing uniformity is required between all guns. To aid in quantifying and correcting gun-to-gun nonuniformities, a key diagnostic will consist of up to six fisheye-view CCD cameras positioned inside the main chamber such that each has all plasma guns within its view. The individual cameras can be triggered at different times to determine each plasma jet's muzzle velocity and structure for different operating conditions. This camera array is currently under development, and the implementation needs and challenges for this camera array are discussed here. Additionally, we detail the analysis methodology for determining jet-to-jet uniformity deviations and how we can correct them, thereby improving overall liner uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L LaJoie
- Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
- Thermonuclear Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - F Chu
- Thermonuclear Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - S Langendorf
- Thermonuclear Plasma Physics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | - J Cassibry
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - A Vyas
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - M Gilmore
- Department of Electrical Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Chu F, LaJoie AL, Keenan BD, Webster L, Langendorf SJ, Gilmore MA. Experimental Measurements of Ion Diffusion Coefficients and Heating in a Multi-Ion-Species Plasma Shock. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:145101. [PMID: 37084442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.145101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Collisional plasma shocks generated from supersonic flows are an important feature in many astrophysical and laboratory high-energy-density plasmas. Compared to single-ion-species plasma shocks, plasma shock fronts with multiple ion species contain additional structure, including interspecies ion separation driven by gradients in species concentration, temperature, pressure, and electric potential. We present time-resolved density and temperature measurements of two ion species in collisional plasma shocks produced by head-on merging of supersonic plasma jets, allowing determination of the ion diffusion coefficients. Our results provide the first experimental validation of the fundamental inter-ion-species transport theory. The temperature separation, a higher-order effect reported here, is valuable for advancements in modeling HED and ICF experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L LaJoie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - B D Keenan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Webster
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - S J Langendorf
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M A Gilmore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Chu F, De Berardinis R, Pietrobon G, Tagliabue M, Giugliano G, Ansarin M. Step-by-step illustrated guide to central neck dissection. J Laryngol Otol 2021; 135:1-6. [PMID: 34593065 DOI: 10.1017/s002221512100270x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has been increasing worldwide and surgery is the primary treatment. Central compartment dissection of the neck is a very delicate procedure given the risks of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism. METHODS This paper gives a detailed description of this surgical technique in a patient affected by papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland, supported by highly representative iconographic materials from a tertiary department. RESULTS A stepwise description is provided, along with high-quality pictures and specific tips and tricks. Although neck dissection is a well-codified procedure, the fine details of this surgical technique are not currently available and are still the prerogative of the expert surgeon. CONCLUSION The central neck compartment contains several vulnerable structures; damage to these structures would affect patients' lives, possibly permanently. Anatomical knowledge and standardisation are needed for all surgeons, particularly new surgeons (such as residents) who cannot rely simply on experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico ('IRCCS'), Milan, Italy
| | - R De Berardinis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico ('IRCCS'), Milan, Italy
| | - G Pietrobon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico ('IRCCS'), Milan, Italy
| | - M Tagliabue
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico ('IRCCS'), Milan, Italy
| | - G Giugliano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico ('IRCCS'), Milan, Italy
| | - M Ansarin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico ('IRCCS'), Milan, Italy
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Chu F, Shi M, Lang Y, Chao Z, Jin T, Cui L, Zhu J. Adoptive transfer of immunomodulatory M2 macrophages suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice via blockading NF-κB pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 204:199-211. [PMID: 33426702 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play important roles in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and M2 macrophage may have anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we elucidated the roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in the pathogenesis of EAE and the effects of treatment with M2 macrophages that target certain proinflammatory cytokines and with immunomodulatory preparations that beneficially influence the disease course. We found macrophages increased at the onset of clinical signs in the EAE group, consistent with an increased proportion of M1 macrophages and low numbers of M2 macrophages. As the disease progressed and the symptoms worsened, M1 macrophages decreased and M2 macrophages gradually increased until the peak. In the recovery stage, M2 macrophages gradually decreased. Treatment with M2 macrophages inhibited the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, alleviated the symptoms of EAE, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination in the central nervous system and decreased the numbers of macrophages in the spleens. BAY-11-7082, an NF-κB blocking agent, could reduce the total number of macrophages both in vivo and in vitro, effectively prevented EAE development and significantly inhibited EAE symptoms in mice. Our study demonstrates that macrophages may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of EAE, while M2 macrophages have anti-inflammatory effects. Transfer of M2 macrophages to EAE mice can block the NF-κB pathway successfully and relieve EAE symptoms. Application of NF-κB blockers is useful in the prevention and treatment of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Shi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Y Lang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Z Chao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - T Jin
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - L Cui
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tran T, Obando M, Franke E, Chu F, Marra E, Slesinger T. 412 A Survey of the Perception of Emergency Medicine Residents and Attending Physicians on the Effect of Sign-Out on Safety and Efficiency. Ann Emerg Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Eqbal A, Gupta S, Basha A, Qiu Y, Wu N, Rega F, Chu F, Belley-Côté E, Whitlock R. STORY OF A SMALL SCAR: ANALYSING THE EVIDENCE FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE MITRAL VALVE SURGERY. Can J Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.07.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Fremy JM, Usleber E, Chu F, Garthwaite I, Lee A, Maragos C, Ware G. Policy on Characterization of Antibodies Used in Immunochemical Methods of Analysis for Mycotoxins and Phycotoxins. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.4.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this document is to provide a policy on antibody characterization for conducting AOAC collaborative studies for immunochemical methods submitted for AOAC®Official MethodsSM Program status. The policy defines recommended information and characteristics to be provided by the Study Director, in the protocol of the collaborative study, for approval by AOAC. The document specifies parameters for characterization of antibodies used as biological reagent in the protocol of validation of immunochemical methods for the determination of mycotoxins and phycotoxins. These recommendations are applicable to the validation of any method, whether proprietary or non-proprietary, that is submitted to AOAC for Official Methods of AnalysisSM status recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Fremy
- French Agency for Food Safety, Food Hygiene and Quality Laboratory, 10 r. P. Curie, F94704 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Ewald Usleber
- Dairy Science, Institute of Veterinary Food Science, Justus-Liebig-University, Ludwigstrasse 21, 35390 Giessen, Germany
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Chu F, Skiff F. Determining Metastable Ion Lifetime and History through Wave-Particle Interaction. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:075001. [PMID: 30848638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) performed on metastable ions is frequently used to probe the dynamics of ground-state ion motions in many laboratory plasmas. However, these measurements place restrictions on the metastable ion lifetime. Metastable states are produced from direct ionization of neutral atoms as well as ions in other electronic states, of which the former will only faithfully represent processes that act on the ion dynamics in a time shorter than the metastable lifetime. We present here the first experimental study of this type of systematic effect using wave-particle interaction in an argon multidipole plasma. The metastable lifetime and relative fraction of metastables produced from preexisting ions, necessary for correcting the LIF measurement errors, can be determined by fitting the experimental results with the theory we propose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - F Skiff
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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11
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Liu L, Li J, Yuan S, Wang T, Chu F, Lu X, Hu J, Wang C, Yan B, Wang L. Evaluating the effectiveness of a preclinical practice of tooth preparation using digital training system: A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:e679-e686. [PMID: 29952122 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of preclinical training on ceramic crown preparation using digital training system compared with traditional training method. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 66 participating fourth-year undergraduate dental students were randomly assigned to one of two groups for ceramic crown preparation: experimental group as trained using digital method with Online Peer-Review System (OPRS) and Real-time Dental Training and Evaluation System (RDTES); control group as trained using traditional method with instructor demonstration and evaluation. At the completion of training periods, both groups performed the preparation of ceramic crown of upper left central incisor, which were blindly scored by the experienced instructors under the pre-defined assessment criteria. The results of both were compared using Student's t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. The level of significance was P < .05. The questionnaires regarding the benefits or drawbacks of digital training system were answered by the students of experimental group. RESULTS Five of 15 items in the assessment outcome of the digital group were significantly better than the traditional group. The questionnaire results from the students of the experimental group indicated 96.97% of the students agreed or strongly agreed that using digital training system could better improve the practical ability than traditional method. The total scores of practical results were significantly positively correlated with the points of the questionnaires. CONCLUSION The digital training system with OPRS and RDTES might be a good alternative to the traditional training method in the preclinical course of dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Yuan
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - T Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Polyclinics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Chu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Education, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Education, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - C Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Polyclinics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - B Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ma Y, Geng X, Zhang X, Wang C, Chu F. Synthesis of DOPO-g-GPTS modified wood fiber and its effects on the properties of composite phenolic foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - X. Geng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - X. Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing 210037 China
| | - C. Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; Chinese Academy of Forestry; Nanjing Jiangsu Province 210042 China
| | - F. Chu
- Chinese Academy of Forestry; Beijing 100091 China
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13
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Chu F, Feng Q, Hu Z, Shen G. Appropriate cyclic tensile strain promotes biological changes of cranial base synchondrosis chondrocytes. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018; 20:177-182. [PMID: 28727318 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to clarify biological changes of cranial base synchondrosis chondrocytes (CBSCs) upon cyclic tensile strain (CTS) loading which simulated orthopaedic mechanical protraction on cranial base synchondroses (CBS). MATERIAL AND METHODS A two-step digestion method was used to isolate CBSCs obtained from 1-week-old Sprague Dawley rats. Immunohistochemical staining of type II collagen and Sox9 was conducted to identify chondrocytes. A CTS of 1 Hz and 10% elongation was applied to the second passage of CBSCs by FX-5000™ Tension System for 24 hours. The control group kept static at the same time. The expression levels of extracellular matrix (Acan, Col1a1, Col2a1 and Col10a1) and key regulatory factors (Sox9, Ihh and PTHrP) were detected by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Positive staining of type II collagen and Sox9 was detected in the isolated CBSCs. The relative expression level of Acan, Col2a1, Col10a1, Sox9 and Ihh in the CTS-loading group was 1.85-fold, 2.19-fold, 1.53-fold, 6.62-fold, and 1.39-fold, respectively, as much as that in the control group, which had statistical significance (P<.05). There was no statistical difference (P>.05) in the expression of Col1a1 and PTHrP. CONCLUSIONS A CTS of 1 Hz and 10% elongation for 24 hours had positive effects on chondrocyte proliferation, phenotype maintenance and cartilage matrix synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chu
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Feng
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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Tse D, Lee K, Lau V, Ho Y, Tso W, Chu F. Abstract No. 628 Percutaneous transhepatic balloon dilation of biliary anastomotic strictures following living donor liver transplant: review of 9-year experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.01.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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15
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Chu F, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Guo M, Lu J, Zheng W, Xu H, Zhao J, Xu L. MicroRNA-126 deficiency enhanced the activation and function of CD4 + T cells by elevating IRS-1 pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 191:166-179. [PMID: 28987000 PMCID: PMC5758368 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that microRNA-126 (miR-126) has been involved in the development and function of immune cells, which contributed to the pathogenesis of related clinical diseases. However, the potential role of miR-126 in the development and function of CD4+ T cells remains largely unknown. Here we first found that the activation and proliferation, as well as the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, of CD4+ T cells from miR-126 knock-down (KD) mice using the miRNA-sponge technique were enhanced significantly in vitro, compared with those in CD4+ T cells from wild-type (WT) mice. To monitor further the possible effect of miR-126 deficiency on the function of CD4+ T cells in vivo, we used dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced murine model of acute autoimmune colitis and found that miR-126 deficiency could elevate the pathology of colitis. Importantly, the proportion of CD4+ T cells in splenocytes increased significantly in miR-126KD mice. Moreover, the expression levels of CD69 and CD44 on CD4+ T cells increased significantly and the expression level of CD62L decreased significantly. Of note, adoptive cell transfer assay showed that the pathology of colitis was more serious in carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labelled miR-126KD CD4+ T cell-transferred group, compared with that in the CFSE-labelled WT CD4+ T cells transferred group. Consistently, the expression levels of CD69 and CD44 on CFSE+ cells increased significantly. Furthermore, both the proliferation and IFN-γ secretion of CFSE+ cells also increased significantly in the CFSE-labelled miR-126KD CD4+ T cell-transferred group. Mechanistic evidence showed that the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), as a functional target of miR-126, was elevated in CD4+ T cells from miR-126KD mice, accompanied by altered transduction of the extracellular regulated kinase, protein B (AKT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Our data revealed a novel role in which miR-126 was an intrinsic regulator in the function of CD4+ T cells, which provided preliminary basis for exploring further the role of miR-126 in the development, function of CD4+ T cells and related clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Chu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education DepartmentGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
| | - Y. Hu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education DepartmentGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
| | - Y. Zhou
- Department of Medical PhysicsZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
| | - M. Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education DepartmentGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
| | - J. Lu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education DepartmentGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
| | - W. Zheng
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education DepartmentGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
| | - H. Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education DepartmentGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
| | - J. Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education DepartmentGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
| | - L. Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Provincial Education DepartmentGuizhouChina
- Department of ImmunologyZunyi Medical CollegeGuizhouChina
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16
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Chu F, Klobasa W, Wu P, Pinzi S, Grubbs N, Gorski S, Cardoza Y, Lorenzen MD. Germline transformation of the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. Insect Mol Biol 2017; 26:440-452. [PMID: 28397990 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The western corn rootworm (WCR), a major pest of maize, is notorious for rapidly adapting biochemically, behaviourally and developmentally to a variety of control methods. Despite much effort, the genetic basis of WCR adaptation remains a mystery. Since transformation-based applications such as transposon tagging and enhancer trapping have facilitated genetic dissection of model species such as Drosophila melanogaster, we developed a germline-transformation system for WCR in an effort to gain a greater understanding of the basic biology of this economically important insect. Here we report the use of a fluorescent-marked Minos element to create transgenic WCR. We demonstrate that the transgenic strains express both an eye-specific fluorescent marker and piggyBac transposase. We identified insertion-site junction sequences via inverse PCR and assessed insertion copy number using digital droplet PCR (ddPCR). Interestingly, most WCR identified as transgenic via visual screening for DsRed fluorescence proved to carry multiple Minos insertions when tested via ddPCR. A total of eight unique insertion strains were created by outcrossing the initial transgenic strains to nontransgenic WCR mates. Establishing transgenic technologies for this beetle is the first step towards bringing a wide range of transformation-based tools to bear on understanding WCR biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chu
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - W Klobasa
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - P Wu
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - S Pinzi
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - N Grubbs
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - S Gorski
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Y Cardoza
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - M D Lorenzen
- Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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17
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Nastoupil L, Westin J, Fowler N, Fanale M, Samaniego F, Oki Y, Obi C, Cao J, Cheng X, Ma M, Wang Z, Chu F, Feng L, Zhou S, Davis R, Neelapu S. HIGH RESPONSE RATES WITH PEMBROLIZUMAB IN COMBINATION WITH RITUXIMAB IN PATIENTS WITH RELAPSED FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA: INTERIM RESULTS OF AN ON OPEN-LABEL, PHASE II STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2437_108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.J. Nastoupil
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - J. Westin
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - N. Fowler
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - M. Fanale
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - F. Samaniego
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - Y. Oki
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - C. Obi
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - J. Cao
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - X. Cheng
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - M. Ma
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - Z. Wang
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - F. Chu
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - L. Feng
- Biostatistics; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - S. Zhou
- Biostatistics; UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - R.E. Davis
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - S.S. Neelapu
- Lymphoma/Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston USA
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18
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Verreault M, Wehbe M, Strutt D, Masin D, Anantha M, Walker D, Chu F, Backstrom I, Kalra J, Waterhouse D, Yapp DT, Bally MB. Determination of an optimal dosing schedule for combining Irinophore C™ and temozolomide in an orthotopic model of glioblastoma. J Control Release 2015; 220:348-357. [PMID: 26528901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our laboratory reported that Irinophore C™ (IrC™; a lipid-based nanoparticulate formulation of irinotecan) is effective against an orthotopic model of glioblastoma (GBM) and that treatment with IrC™ was associated with vascular normalization within the tumor. Here, the therapeutic effects of IrC™ when used in combination with temozolomide (TMZ) in concurrent and sequential treatment schedules were tested. It was anticipated that IrC™ engendered vascular normalization would increase the delivery of TMZ to the tumor and that this would be reflected by improved treatment outcomes. The approach compared equally efficacious doses of irinotecan (IRN; 50 mg/kg) and IrC™ (25 mg/kg) in order to determine if there was a unique advantage achieved when combining TMZ with IrC™. The TMZ sensitive U251MG(O) cell line (null expression of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)) modified to express the fluorescent protein mKate2 was inoculated orthotopically into NOD.CB17-SCID mice and treatment was initiated 14 days later. Our results demonstrated that IrC™ and TMZ administered concurrently resulted in optimal treatment outcomes, with 50% long term survivors (>180 days) in comparison to 17% long term survivors in animals treated with IRN and TMZ or TMZ alone. Indeed, the different treatments resulted in a 353%, 222% and 280% increase in median survival time (MST) compared to untreated animals for, respectively, IrC™ combined with TMZ, IRN combined with TMZ, and TMZ alone. When TMZ was administered after completion of IRN or IrC™ dosing, an increase in median survival time of 167-174% was observed compared to untreated animals and of 67% and 74%, respectively, when IRN (50 mg/kg) and IrC™ (25mg/kg) were given as single agents. We confirmed in these studies that after completion of the Q7D×3 dosing of IrC™, but not IRN, the tumor-associated vascular was normalized as compared to untreated tumors. Specifically, reductions in the fraction of collagen IV-free CD31 staining (p<0.05) and reductions in tumor vessel diameter were observed in tumors from IrC™-treated animals when compared to tumors from untreated or IRN treated animals. Analysis by transmission electron microscopy of the ultra-structure of tumors from IrC™-treated and untreated animals revealed that tumor-associated vessels from treated animals were smaller, more organized and exhibited a morphology comparable to normal blood vessels. In conclusion, optimal treatment outcomes were achieved when IrC™ and TMZ were administered concurrently, whereas IrC™ followed by TMZ treatment given sequentially did not confer any therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verreault
- Brain and Spine Institute Research Center, 47 Bd de l'Hopital, Paris, 75013, France.
| | - M Wehbe
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - D Strutt
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada
| | - D Masin
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada
| | - M Anantha
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada
| | - D Walker
- Ultrastructural Imaging, UBC James Hogg Research Laboratories (iCAPTURE), Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Rm 166, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F Chu
- Ultrastructural Imaging, UBC James Hogg Research Laboratories (iCAPTURE), Providence Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Rm 166, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - I Backstrom
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada
| | - J Kalra
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada
| | - D Waterhouse
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada
| | - D T Yapp
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - M B Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, V5Z 1L3, BC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, BC, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver V6T 2B5, BC, Canada; Center for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada.
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19
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Chu F, Ohinmaa A, Jacobs P, Zheng Y, Kaul P. Comparing Actual Patient Level Hospital Costs To The Canadian Cmg+ Costing Estimates For Acute Myocardial Infarction. Value Health 2014; 17:A481. [PMID: 27201404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Chu
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A Ohinmaa
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Jacobs
- Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Y Zheng
- Institute of Health Economics, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Kaul
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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20
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Taplin M, Chi K, Chu F, Cochran J, Edenfield W, Antonarakis E, Emmenegger U, Heath E, Hussain A, Njar V, Koletsky A, Lipsitz D, Nordquist L, Pili R, Rettig M, Sartor O, Shore N, Marrinucci D, Mamlouk K, Montgomery B. 4 Activity of galeterone in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with C-terminal AR loss: Results from ARMOR2. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Taplin M, Chi K, Chu F, Cochran J, Edenfield W, Eisenberger M, Emmenegger U, Heath E, Hussain A, Koletsky A, Lipsitz D, Nordquist L, Pili R, Rettig M, Sartor O, Shore N, Dhillon R, Roberts J, Montgomery B. Galeterone in 4 Patient Populations of Men with Crpc: Results from Armor2. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu336.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Zhu X, Zhang R, Chu F, He Z, Li J. A Flexsim-based Optimization for the Operation Process of Cold-Chain Logistics Distribution Centre. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1665-6423(14)72343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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24
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Niu J, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Clark S, Maddona MB, Chu F. Abstract P5-08-09: Synergistic cytotoxicity of digoxin and 5-fluorouracil in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p5-08-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for women in the US. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains one of the most important systemic treatment options for breast cancer patients. To enhance the tumor response to chemotherapy, attention has been focused on agents that reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemical drugs. Although many reversal drugs have been identified in vitro, their clinical application has been limited due to their own toxicity. It was reported that 5 years after mastectomy, the recurrence rate of breast cancer among patients on cardiac glycoside therapy, namely digoxin or digitoxin, was almost 10 times lower as compared with those who were not on cardiac glycoside therapy. Digoxin has also been shown to inhibit hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and block lung metastasis in a breast cancer model. Interestingly, digoxin was demonstrated to stimulate cell death in various cell lines including breast cancer. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine the reversal effect of combined digoxin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on MDR resistance in human breast cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in vitro, as well as its mechanism of action.
METHODS: Wild-type and doxorubicin-resistant ER-positive (MCF-7 and MCF-7/DoxR) and triple negative (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-231/DoxR) breast cancer lines were used for this study. We have previously shown that both doxorubicin-resistant cell lines are also cross-resistant to 5-FU. Cell viability of both resistant cancer cell lines to 5-FU, digoxin, and both 5-FU with digoxin were compared to control at 96 hours of incubation both in normoxia and hypoxia using MTT assay. Western blot was used to quantify the level of HIF-1α and p-glycoprotein (P-gP).
RESULTS: In both doxorubicin-resistant cell lines, sub-IC50 concentration of digoxin together with 5-FU significantly decreased the cell viabilities at 96 hours compared to single agent digoxin and 5-FU. Under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, the same synergistic cytotoxic effects were demonstrated. Western blot revealed that HIF-1α and P-gP were decreased in both doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells treated with the digoxin and 5-FU combination compared to single agent digoxin or 5-FU.
CONCLUSION: The combination of digoxin and 5-FU demonstrates a synergistic cytotoxic effect in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cell lines that is maintained under hypoxic conditions. This is, at least in part, via the inhibitory effects on both HIF-1α and P-gP. The combination of digoxin and 5-FU could be an effective clinical treatment strategy to overcome MDR in breast cancer. A phase II clinical trial is ongoing to test this hypothesis in patients with doxorubicin-resistant metastatic breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-08-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Niu
- Western Regional Medical Center at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, AZ; Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Y Zhang
- Western Regional Medical Center at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, AZ; Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Y Qiu
- Western Regional Medical Center at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, AZ; Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - S Clark
- Western Regional Medical Center at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, AZ; Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - MB Maddona
- Western Regional Medical Center at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, AZ; Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - F Chu
- Western Regional Medical Center at Cancer Treatment Centers of America, Goodyear, AZ; Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Abstract
Abstract
Melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) foam was prepared using melamine modified urea formaldehyde resin. The effects of blowing agent, curing agent and surfactant on the properties of MUF foam such as apparent densities, compression strength, microstructure, fragility, limited oxygen index, thermal conductivity and formaldehyde emission were investigated. The best performance of MUF was obtained as the composition of blowing agent, curing agent and surfactant were 2.5%, 18% and 12% respectively. The water resistance of MUF foam, contents of foam's burning gas, curing mechanism and physical properties were also studied by Contact angle analyzer, TGA-FT-IR, FT-IR and 13C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ma
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, PRC
| | - W. Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, PRC
| | - C. Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, PRC
| | - Y. Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, PRC
| | - S. Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, PRC
| | - F. Chu
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, PRC
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Zheng X, Naiditch J, Czurylo M, Jie C, Lautz T, Clark S, Jafari N, Qiu Y, Chu F, Madonna MB. Differential effect of long-term drug selection with doxorubicin and vorinostat on neuroblastoma cells with cancer stem cell characteristics. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e740. [PMID: 23887631 PMCID: PMC3730434 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have confirmed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are more resistant to chemotherapy; however, there is a paucity of data exploring the effect of long-term drug treatment on the CSC sub-population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether long-term doxorubicin treatment could expand the neuroblastoma cells with CSC characteristics and histone acetylation could affect stemness gene expression during the development of drug resistance. Using n-myc amplified SK-N-Be(2)C and non-n-myc amplified SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells, our laboratory generated doxorubicin-resistant cell lines in parallel over 1 year; one cell line intermittently treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) vorinostat and the other without exposure to HDACi. Cells' sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, the ability to form tumorspheres, and capacity for in vitro invasion were examined. Cell-surface markers and side populations (SPs) were analyzed using flow cytometry. Differentially expressed stemness genes were identified through whole genome analysis and confirmed with real-time PCR. Our results indicated that vorinostat increased the sensitivity of only SK-N-Be(2)C-resistant cells to chemotherapy, made cells lose the ability to form tumorspheres, and reduced in vitro invasion and the SP percentage. CD133 was not enriched in doxorubicin-resistant or vorinostat-treated doxorubicin-resistant cells. Nine stemness-linked genes (ABCB1, ABCC4, LMO2, SOX2, ERCC5, S100A10, IGFBP3, TCF3, and VIM) were downregulated in vorinostat-treated doxorubicin-resistant SK-N-Be(2)C cells relative to doxorubicin-resistant cells. A sub-population of cells with CSC characteristics is enriched during prolonged drug selection of n-myc amplified SK-N-Be(2)C neuroblastoma cells. Vorinostat treatment affects the reversal of drug resistance in SK-N-Be(2)C cells and may be associated with downregulation of stemness gene expression. This work may be valuable for clinicians to design treatment protocols specific for different neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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27
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Lu X, Shen J, Jin X, Ma Y, Huang Y, Mei H, Chu F, Zhu J. Bactericidal activity of Musca domestica cecropin (Mdc) on multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 95:939-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Pagella F, Pusateri A, Chu F, Cairello F, Benazzo M, Matti E, Marseglia GL. Adenoid assessment in paediatric patients: the role of flexible nasal endoscopy. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:49-54. [PMID: 22032787 DOI: 10.1177/03946320110240s410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoid hypertrophy is the most common cause of nasal obstruction in paediatric patients. Over the years, various methods to assess the adenoid size were proposed such as the posterior rhinoscopy and the radiological examination of the nasopharynx. Nasal endoscopy was introduced for children in the 80's, and nowadays this is a known and diffuse method in routine practice. The purpose of this article is to describe the personal experience in the assessment of the adenoid size in children, with a particular regard to the flexible nasal endoscopy, and to analyse the literature reports. The personal technique is described in performing nasal endoscopy in paediatric patients, reporting advantages and possible disadvantages of the procedure. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6036 children since 1999 to 2010. In most cases children fully collaborated to complete the exam. No major or minor complications (such as nose bleedings or other traumatic injuries) were observed. No topical intranasal decongestant, local or general anaesthesia were used in our series. In our opinion, nasal endoscopy in children is a reliable, safe, accurate, easily tolerated and dynamic diagnostic method to assess the adenoid size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pagella
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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29
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Abstract
ABSTRACTThe elastic properties, phase stability, and alloying behavior of NbCr2 and HfV2 C15 Laves phases have been investigated with a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Experimental results indicate that HfV2 has anomalous elastic properties as well as a structural instability, but NbCr2 does not. In addition, ternary phase fields of NbCr2 with V and HfV2 with Nb were examined experimentally, and they have substantially different alloying behavior. In order to understand these experimental phenomena, the total energy and electronic structure of C15 NbCr2 and HfV2 were calculated using the linear muffin-tin orbital method with the atomic sphere approximation. Calculation results suggest that the phase instability of HfV2 is induced by phonon softening, and the anomalous elastic properties of HfV2 appear to be attributed to a doubly degenerate electronic energy level with a linear dispersion relation very close to the Fermi level. Finally, density of states plots indicate that for HfV2, some bonding d-states are unoccupied while for NbCr2, all bonding and some anti-bonding d-states are occupied. The bonding difference may be responsible for the alloying behavior in the two Laves phase alloys. As a result, alloy design schemes are suggested for enhanced deformability in Laves phases.
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Shepard JF, Chu F, Xu B, Trolier-McKinstry S. The Effects of Film Thickness and Texture on the high and Low-Field stress Response of Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-493-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTLead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films are currently employed in non-volatile ferroelectric memories (FRAM's) and are intended to be used as the active material in a number of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Several groups have reported that both the piezoelectric and dielectric characteristics of ferroelectric thin films improve with an increase of film thickness, though the reasons for those improvements are unclear. Previous investigations on the effects of biaxial mechanical stress indicate that non-180° domain wall motion is limited in PZT 52/48 films less than 0.5 μm thick. It is possible that some of the improvements of the dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics reported for thicker films (i.e. films thicker than 0.5 μm) are associated with an increase of extrinsic contributions to the properties. To evaluate domain wall mobility in thicker films, the high and low-field stress response of sol-gel PZT fabricated with either rapid thermal processing or conventional furnace annealing were investigated. Films with thicknesses ranging from 0.6 to 5.0 μm thick were measured as a function of applied biaxial stress (±110 MPa). It was found that for all films tested the changes of capacitance were on the order of 2–3%. High-field measurements showed: (1) the coercive field to be insensitive to applied stress, (2) remanent polarizations to decrease about 20% at the maximum applied tension, (3) remanent polarizations to increase less than 10% with applied compression, and (4) all changes to be reversible over the stress range investigated. These results suggest that extrinsic contributions are limited for the films tested.
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Xu F, Chu F, Shepard JF, Trolier-McKinstry S. Measurement of Effective Longitudinal Piezoelectric Coefficient of thin Films by Direct Piezoelectric Effect. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-493-427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new method for the measurement of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient of piezoelectric thin films using the direct piezoelectric effect. A uniform uniaxial stress was applied to the piezoelectric thin film by high-pressure gas and the induced charge was collected and measured by a charge integrator. The effective longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) 52/48 thin films made by sol-gel processing was measured by this method. Undoped films typically have d33 values of ∼ 5 pC/N, while poled films have values up to 220 pC/N.
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Abstract
ABSTRACTAmong the high-temperature intermetallic systems, transition-metal silicides are attractive because of their high melting temperatures (many greater than 2273 K) and potential oxidation resistance. In particular, Mo5Si3 exhibits a very high melting point (2453 K) and also has a solubility range of 2 – 3 atomic percent, which can aid in processing and alloy design strategies. The focus of this study is to evaluate the processing and properties of Mo5Si3 and Mo5Si3-base ntermetallics. For the optimal baseline comparison, high-purity single crystals have been fabricated, and thermal and elastic properties have been experimentally measured. Although Mo5Si3 has a strong thermal expansion anisotropy, ts elastic anisotropy factors and the Poisson's ratios indicate that Mo5Si3 is less anisotropic in elasticity. The combination of the thermal and elastic properties has been employed to calculate the thermal residual stress and to explain the potential for grain boundary cracking during processing. Room temperature Vickers indentation tests of Mo5Si3 have been performed. The orientation dependence of hardness and fracture toughness of Mo5Si3 single crystals have been obtained. The corresponding deformation and fracture modes have been revealed by microscopy studies. Finally, micro- and macroalloyed Mo5Si3 with aluminum and boron will be briefly explored with property assessments.
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Chu F, Xu F, Shepard J, Trolier-McKinstry S. Thickness Dependence of the Electrical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films with (111) and (100) Texture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-493-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCrack-free (111) and (100)-textured Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 films with thicknesses ranging from 0.25 to 2.5 μm were prepared using a methoxyethanol-based precursor solution, multiple spin-coating and multiple crystallization steps. The thickness dependence of the dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated on both (111) and (100) oriented PZT films. In both cases, the degree of preferred orientation did not change with thickness. It is found that the dielectric constant, remanent polarization and piezoelectric coefficients (d33 and d31) increase with increasing film thickness. The (100)-textured film showed higher dielectric constant but lower remanent polarization relative to (111) textured film. 1 μm was identified to be a critical thickness that marks the change of dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric behaviors as a function of thickness.
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Abstract
1. At a temperature of 1°C., C'2, C'4, and C'1 combine with sensitized sheep erythrocytes, while C'3 does not combine. 2. C'1, although combining with sensitized cells in the absence of C'4, is hemolytically inert unless C'4 combines previous to, or simultaneously with it. 3. C'4 does not combine in the absence of C'1. 4. Although C'3 is not fixed by antibody-sheep cell aggregates, it is essential for hemolysis, operating on the sensitized red cell after the fixation of C'4, C'2, and C'1 and behaving as if it were a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pillemer
- Institute of Pathology, Western Reserve University, and the University Hospitals, Cleveland
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Chen R, Chu F, Gauthier C, Chazeau L, Chaduc I, Bourgeat-Lami E, Lansalot M. New ethyl cellulose/acrylic hybrid latexes and coatings via miniemulsion polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sweeney C, Dugan WM, Dreicer R, Chu F, Parks G, Baker K, Reed D, Jansz K, Zadra J, Yiannoutsos CT. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of daily high-dose oral risedronate in men with metastatic prostate cancer commencing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Westin JR, Chu F, Foglietta M, Rotem-Yehudar R, Neelapu SS. Phase II safety and efficacy study of CT-011, a humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, in combination with rituximab in patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.tps305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Laird A, Sillman A, Sun B, Mengistab A, Chu F, Lee M, Cancilla B, Aggarwal S, Bentzien F. 89 POSTER Evaluation of peripheral blood cells and hair as surrogate tissues for clinical trial pharmacodynamic assessment of XL147 and XL765, inhibitors of the PI3K signaling pathway. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Smith MR, Malkowicz SB, Chu F, Forrest J, Price D, Sieber P, Barnette KG, Rodriguez D, Steiner MS. Toremifene increases bone mineral density in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: interim analysis of a multicenter phase 3 clinical study. J Urol 2007; 179:152-5. [PMID: 18001802 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.08.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the effects of toremifene on bone mineral density, a surrogate for fracture risk, in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In an ongoing, multicenter, phase 3 fracture prevention study 1,392 men 50 years or older with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy were randomized to 80 mg toremifene per day or placebo. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. In this planned interim analysis of the first 197 subjects we compared bone mineral density changes from baseline to month 12 between the placebo and toremifene groups. RESULTS Compared with the placebo group men in the toremifene group had significant increases in bone mineral density at each evaluated skeletal site. Lumbar spine bone mineral density decreased 0.7% in the placebo group and increased 1.6% in the toremifene group (between group comparison p <0.001). Total hip bone mineral density decreased 1.3% in the placebo group and increased 0.7% in the toremifene group (p = 0.001). Femoral neck bone mineral density decreased 1.3% in the placebo group and increased 0.2% in the toremifene group (p = 0.009). Between group differences in the change in bone mineral density from baseline to month 12 were 2.3%, 2.0% and 1.5% for the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Toremifene significantly increased hip and spine bone mineral density in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. The effect of toremifene on the fracture risk is being assessed in the ongoing randomized, controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Smith M, Chu F, Forrest J, Malkowicz SB, Price D, Sieber P, Barnette KG, Rodriguez D, Steiner MS. Effect of toremifene in lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and raising HDL in prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5124 Introduction: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for men with advanced prostate cancer. ADT has been shown to detrimentally affect lipids (average 9% increase in total cholesterol and 26% increase in triglycerides) and is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction. Toremifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), improves bone mineral density and lipid profiles in women. An ongoing phase III trial will assess the safety and efficacy of toremifene in treating multiple side effects of ADT including osteoporosis, hot flashes, gynecomastia and lipid profiles. Given the emerging recognition of increased cardiovascular risk during ADT, an interim analysis was conducted to assess the effects of toremifene on lipid profiles in the ongoing phase III study. Methods: 1,392 men = 50 years old with histologically documented prostate cancer and receiving ADT were randomized to toremifene (80 mg/day) or placebo. An interim analysis evaluated changes in lipids from baseline to month 12 in the first 197 subjects to complete one-year follow up. The outcomes measured in this interim analysis were total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol/HDL ratio, and HDL cholesterol. Results: Compared to treatment with placebo, toremifene decreased total cholesterol (7.1%; p=0.001 for between group comparison), LDL cholesterol (9.0%; p=0.003), and triglycerides (20.1%; p=0.009) levels, and the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (11.7%; p<0.001). Toremifene also significantly increased HDL levels (5.4%; p=0.018) compared to placebo. The effects of toremifene were observed in both statin users and nonusers. Conclusions: Toremifene decreases total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides and increases HDL cholesterol in men receiving ADT for advanced prostate cancer compared to placebo. Conclusions regarding the clinical significance of these observations will be based on the full cohort of patients at the conclusion of the trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Smith
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - F. Chu
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - J. Forrest
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - S. B. Malkowicz
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - D. Price
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - P. Sieber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - K. G. Barnette
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - D. Rodriguez
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - M. S. Steiner
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; San Bernardino Urol Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urol Specialists of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Regional Urology, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
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Malkowicz SB, Chu F, Forrest J, Smith MR, Price D, Sieber P, Barnette KG, Rodriguez D, Steiner MS. Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia during androgen deprivation (ADT) for prostate cancer: Baseline data from a large randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5116 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for men with advanced prostate cancer. ADT decreases bone mineral density (BMD) and increases fracture risk although there is limited information about the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis during ADT. We evaluated the baseline data from a large fracture prevention study to better characterize the prevalence of ostepenia and osteoporosis in men receiving ADT for prostate cancer. Methods: In an ongoing phase 3 fracture prevention study, 1,392 men = 50 years old with histologically documented prostate cancer and receiving ADT were randomized to placebo or toremifene 80 mg, a selective estrogen receptor modulator. The phase 3 study included men at increased risk of fracture based on age = 70 years or low baseline BMD of the hip or spine as assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Subjects with metabolic bone disease or receiving treatment for osteoporosis were excluded. In the current analyses, we report the baseline BMD and prevalence of osteopenia (T score -1.0 to -2.5 total hip, femoral neck or spine) and osteoporosis (T score = -2.5 total hip, femoral neck or spine) for the 1,139 subjects older than 70 years. The analyses were restricted to subjects =70 years because these subjects were included in the study regardless of baseline BMD. Results: Mean (± standard deviation) age was 76 ± 7 years. Mean duration on ADT was 39 ± 36 months. For men 70 years of age or older, mean T scores for the total hip, femoral neck, and spine are -1.01 ± 1.14, -1.50 ± 1.06 and 0.37 ± 1.88 respectively. A total of 73% of subjects 70 years of age or older were classified with osteopenia (55%) or osteoporosis (18%). Conclusions: In this large cross- sectional analysis, the vast majority of older men receiving ADT for prostate cancer have either osteopenia or osteoporosis. These observations provide further evidence that close attention to skeletal health is warranted during ADT for prostate cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. B. Malkowicz
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - F. Chu
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - J. Forrest
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - M. R. Smith
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - D. Price
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - P. Sieber
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - K. G. Barnette
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - D. Rodriguez
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
| | - M. S. Steiner
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; San Bernardino Urological Associates, San Bernardino, CA; Urology Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., Tulsa, OK; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Regional Urology, LLC, Shreveport, LA; Urological Associates of Lancaster, Ltd., Lancaster, PA; GTx, Inc., Memphis, TN
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Sathasivam S, Yan T, Chu F, Morris D. SO04 CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY AND PERIOPERATIVE INTRAPERITONEAL CHEMOTHERAPY FOR PERITONEAL CARCINOMATOSIS FOR COLORECTAL CARCINOMA. ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04131_4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adie S, Yip C, Chu F, Morris DL. HP08 DOES NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AFFECT THE ACCURACY OF FDG-PET FOR PRE-OPERATIVE PLANNING IN HEPATIC COLORECTAL METASTASES? ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04122_8.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yao P, Chu F, Schilling M, Zuckerman R, Marchi J, Morris DL. HP02 A MULTICENTRE CONTROLLED STUDY OF INLINE RADIO-FREQUENCY ABLATION DEVICE FOR LIVER TRANSECTION. ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04122_2.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Adie S, Yip C, Chu F, Morris DL, Modi D. HP36P DOES NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY AFFECT THE ACCURACY OF HELICAL CT AND CT PORTOGRAPHY FOR PRE-OPERATIVE PLANNING IN HEPATIC COLORECTAL METASTASES? ANZ J Surg 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04122_36.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pityriasis rosea is a scaly rash that mainly affects young adults. It can be very itchy but most people recover within 2 to 12 weeks. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of interventions for pityriasis rosea. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register (December 2004), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials in The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2004), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2005), EMBASE (1976 to January 2005), LILACS (1982 to January 2005), BIOSIS Preview (1980 to June 2002), and ongoing trials databases. We scanned bibliographies of published studies, abstracts from dermatology conference proceedings, corresponded with trialists and contacted the pharmaceutical industry. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions for pityriasis rosea. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors to retrieve missing data. MAIN RESULTS Three trials involving 148 people were included. One poor quality trial (23 people), compared intravenous glycyrrhizin and intravenous procaine. It found no significant difference between the two interventions for treating symptoms and rash. One fair quality trial (85 people), compared the oral antihistamine dexchlorpheniramine (4 mg), the oral steroid betamethasone (500 mcg), and a combination of betamethasone (250 mcg) and dexchlorpheniramine (2 mg). It found no significant difference in itch resolution at two weeks, as rated by the participants, between dexchlorpheniramine and betamethasone, and the combination of dexchlorpheniramine and betamethasone. However, both dexchlorpheniramine and betamethasone alone seem to be better at clearing rash than the combination of dexchlorpheniramine and betamethasone. These interventions were not compared with placebo. The small good quality trial (40 people) that compared oral erythromycin and placebo found that erythromycin was more effective than placebo in terms of rash improvement, as rated by the trialists, after two weeks (RR 13.00; 95% CI 1.91 to 88.64). It was also more effective in decreasing the itch score (difference of 3.95 points, 95% CI 3.37 to 4.53). No serious adverse effects were reported for the interventions. Two out of 17 people on oral erythromycin and 1 out of 17 on placebo reported minor gastrointestinal upset. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found inadequate evidence for efficacy for most treatments for pityriasis rosea. Oral erythromycin may be effective in treating the rash and decreasing the itch. However, this result should be treated with caution since it comes from only one small RCT. More research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of erythromycin and other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A T Chuh
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Shop B5, Ning Yeung Terrace, 78 Bonham Road, Ground Floor, The Mid-Levels,Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Smith MR, Chu F, Forrest J, Malkowicz SB, Price D, Sieber P, Barnette K, Rodriguez D, Steiner M. 1015: Phase III Interim Analysis Demonstrates Toremifene Increases Bone Mineral Density in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. J Urol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(18)31243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Wang
- a Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products , Chinese Academy of Forestry , 16 Suojinwucun, Nanjing , 210042 , China
| | - F. Chu
- a Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products , Chinese Academy of Forestry , 16 Suojinwucun, Nanjing , 210042 , China
| | - C. Graillat
- b CNRS‐LCPP , CPE Lyon, BP 2077, 69616 , Villeurbanne , France
| | - A. Guyot
- b CNRS‐LCPP , CPE Lyon, BP 2077, 69616 , Villeurbanne , France
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Strik NI, Alleman AR, Barbet AF, Sorenson HL, Wamsley HL, Gaschen FP, Luckschander N, Wong S, Chu F, Foley JE, Bjoersdorff A, Stuen S, Knowles DP. Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 5 and the extent of its cross-reactivity with A. marginale. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2007; 14:262-8. [PMID: 17215333 PMCID: PMC1828860 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00320-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Major surface protein 5 (Msp5) of Anaplasma marginale is highly conserved in the genus Anaplasma and the antigen used in a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for serologic identification of cattle with anaplasmosis. This study analyzes the degrees of conservation of Msp5 among various isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and the extent of serologic cross-reactivity between recombinant Msp5 (rMsp5) of Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum. The msp5 genes from various isolates of A. phagocytophilum were sequenced and compared. rMsp5 proteins of A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale were used separately in an indirect ELISA to detect cross-reactivity in serum samples from humans and dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum and cattle infected with A. marginale. Serum samples were also tested with a commercially available competitive ELISA that uses monoclonal antibody ANAF16C1. There were 100% sequence identities in the msp5 genes among all of the A. phagocytophilum isolates from the United States and a horse isolate from Sweden. Sheep isolates from Norway and dog isolates from Sweden were 99% identical to one another but differed in 17 base pairs from the United States isolates and the horse isolate. Serologic cross-reactivity was identified when serum samples from cattle infected with A. marginale were reacted with rMsp5 of A. phagocytophilum and when serum samples from humans and dogs infected with A. phagocytophilum were reacted with rMsp5 of A. marginale in an indirect-ELISA format. Serum samples from dogs or humans infected with A. phagocytophilum did not cross-react with rMsp5 of A. marginale when tested with the commercially available cELISA. These results suggest that rMsp5 of A. phagocytophilum is highly conserved among United States and European isolates and that serologic distinction between A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale infections cannot be accomplished if rMsp5 from either organism is used in an indirect ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Strik
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 S.W. 16th Ave., Box 100103, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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