Maximizing Efficiency in Energy Trading Operations through IoT-Integrated Digital Twins

The Internet of Things (IoT) has brought about significant transformations in multiple sectors, including healthcare and navigation systems, by offering essential functionalities crucial for their operations. Nevertheless, there is ongoing debate surrounding the unexplored possibilities of the IoT within the energy industry. The requirement to better the performance of distributed energy systems necessitates transitioning from traditional mission-critical electric smart grid systems to digital twin-based IoT frameworks. Energy storage systems (ESSs) used within nano-grids have the potential to enhance energy utilization, fortify resilience, and promote sustainable practices by effectively storing surplus energy. The present study introduces a conceptual framework consisting of two fundamental modules: (1) Power optimization of energy storage systems (ESSs) in peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. (2) Task orchestration in IoT-enabled environments using digital twin technology. The optimization of energy storage systems (ESSs) aims to effectively manage surplus ESS energy by employing particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. This approach is designed to fulfill the energy needs of the ESS itself as well as meet the specific requirements of participating nano-grids. The primary objective of the IoT task orchestration system, which is based on the concept of digital twins, is to enhance the process of peer-to-peer nano-grid energy trading. This is achieved by integrating virtual control mechanisms through orchestration technology combining task generation, device virtualization, task mapping, task scheduling, and task allocation and deployment. The nano-grid energy trading system's architecture utilizes IoT sensors and Raspberry Pi-based edge technology to enable virtual operation. The evaluation of the proposed study is carried out through the examination of a simulated dataset derived from nano-grid dwellings. This research analyzes the efficacy of optimization approaches in mitigating energy trading costs and optimizing power utilization in energy storage systems (ESSs). The coordination of IoT devices is crucial in improving the system's overall efficiency.

Enhanced Harmonics Reactive Power Control Strategy Based on Multilevel Inverter Using ML-FFNN for Dynamic Power Load Management in Microgrid

The shift of the world in the past two decades towards renewable energy (RES), due to the continuously decreasing fossil fuel reserves and their bad impact on the environment, has attracted researchers all around the world to improve the efficiency of RES and eliminate problems that arise at the point of common coupling (PCC). Harmonics and un-balance in 3-phase voltages because of dynamic and nonlinear loads cause a lagging power factor due to inductive load, active power losses, and instability at the point of common coupling. This also happens due to a lack of system inertia in micro-grids. Passive filters are used to eliminate harmonics at both the electrical converter's input and output sides and improve the system's power factor. A Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) control method is used to overcome the problem related to grid synchronization. The sine pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique provides gating signals to the switches of the multilevel inverter. A multi-layer feed forward neural network (ML-FFNN) is employed at the output of a system to minimize mean square error (MSE) by removing the errors between target voltages and reference voltages produced at the output of a trained model. Simulations were performed using MATLAB Simulink to highlight the significance of the proposed research study. The simulation results show that our proposed intelligent control scheme used for the suppression of harmonics compensated for reactive power more effectively than the SRF-based control methods. The simulation-based results confirm that the proposed ML-FFNN-based harmonic and reactive power control technique performs 0.752 better in terms of MAE, 0.52 for the case of MSE, and 0.222 when evaluating based on the RMSE.

rs641738C>T near MBOAT7 is associated with liver fat, ALT and fibrosis in NAFLD: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND & AIMS

A common genetic variant near MBOAT7 (rs641738C>T) has been previously associated with hepatic fat and advanced histology in NAFLD; however, these findings have not been consistently replicated in the literature. We aimed to establish whether rs641738C>T is a risk factor across the spectrum of NAFLD and to characterise its role in the regulation of related metabolic phenotypes through a meta-analysis.

METHODS

We performed a meta-analysis of studies with data on the association between rs641738C>T genotype and liver fat, NAFLD histology, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipids or insulin. These included directly genotyped studies and population-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We performed a random effects meta-analysis using recessive, additive and dominant genetic models.

RESULTS

Data from 1,066,175 participants (9,688 with liver biopsies) across 42 studies were included in the meta-analysis. rs641738C>T was associated with higher liver fat on CT/MRI (+0.03 standard deviations [95% CI 0.02-0.05], p_z = 4.8×10^-5) and diagnosis of NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] 1.17 [95% CI 1.05-1.3], p_z = 0.003) in Caucasian adults. The variant was also positively associated with presence of advanced fibrosis (OR 1.22 [95% CI 1.03-1.45], p_z = 0.021) in Caucasian adults using a recessive model of inheritance (CC + CT vs. TT). Meta-analysis of data from previous GWAS found the variant to be associated with higher ALT (p_z = 0.002) and lower serum triglycerides (p_z = 1.5×10^-4). rs641738C>T was not associated with fasting insulin and no effect was observed in children with NAFLD.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study validates rs641738C>T near MBOAT7 as a risk factor for the presence and severity of NAFLD in individuals of European descent.

LAY SUMMARY

Fatty liver disease is a common condition where fat builds up in the liver, which can cause liver inflammation and scarring (including 'cirrhosis'). It is closely linked to obesity and diabetes, but some genes are also thought to be important. We did this study to see whether one specific change ('variant') in one gene ('MBOAT7') was linked to fatty liver disease. We took data from over 40 published studies and found that this variant near MBOAT7 is linked to more severe fatty liver disease. This means that drugs designed to work on MBOAT7 could be useful for treating fatty liver disease.

Comparison of rest and adenosine stress quantitative and semi-quantitative myocardial perfusion using magnetic resonance in patients with ischemic heart disease

The aim was to compare absolute quantified myocardial perfusion (MP) to semi-quantitative measurements of MP using MRI for detection of ischemia. Twenty-nine patients underwent rest and stress MP imaging obtained by 1.5T MRI and analyzed using own developed software and by commercial available software. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that absolute quantitative data correlated stronger to maxSI (rest: r=0.296, p=.193; stress: r=0.583, p=0.011; myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR): r=0.789, p<0.001; and Δ myocardial blood flow (Δ MBF: r=0.683, p=0.004) than to upslope (rest: r=0.420, p=0.058; stress: r=0.096, p=0.704; MPR: r=0.682, p=0.004; and Δ MBF: r=0.055, p=0.804). Absolute quantified MP was able to distinguish between ischemic and non-ischemic territories at rest (left anterior descending artery (LAD): 103.1±11.3mL/100g/min vs. 206.3±98.5mL/100g/min; p=0.001, right coronary artery (RCA): 124.1±45.2mL/100g/min vs. 241.3±81.7mL/100g/min; p<0.001, and left circumflex artery (LCX): 132.8±53.8mL/100g/min vs. 181.2±56.6mL/100g/min; p=0.060) and at stress (LAD: 148.1±47.2mL/100g/min vs. 296.6±111.6mL/100g/min; p=0.012, RCA: 173.4±63.7mL/100g/min vs. 290.2±100.6mL/100g/min; p=0.008, and LCX: 206.6±105.1mL/100g/min vs. 273.8±78.0mL/100g/min; p=0.186). The correlation between global maxSI and positron emission tomography data was non-significant at rest and borderline significant at stress (r=0.265, p=0.382 and r=0.601, p=0.050, respectively). Quantified MP may be useful in patients for detection of ischemia.

[Dislocation of the ankle without simoustaneously fracture of the bones]

The ankle is a unique modified saddle joint that, together with the subtalar joint, provides range of motion in several physical planes while maintaining stability. The ankle complex functions as a pivoting structure positioned to bear the entire weight of the body which leaves it vulnerable to injuries. Pure dislocation without associated fracture is rare; however, cases of isolated ankle dislocation without fracture have been reported. We report a case of a closed ankle dislocation without an associated fracture in a 17-year-old boy.

Vitamin D deficiency is unrelated to type of atrial fibrillation and its complications

INTRODUCTION

Vitamin D plays an important role in a broad range of organ functions, including the cardiovascular system. Only one study has tested the association between vitamin D deficiency and arrhythmia and it found no association. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the type of atrial fibrillation (AF) and complications to AF.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

In total, 258 patients were consecutively included from March 2009 to February 2011. All in- and out-patients in the Department of Cardiology at Hvidovre Hospital were invited to participate, provided they had electrocardiographically documented AF. Patients with dementia or terminal illness were excluded. 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD) was measured with a chemiluminescence assay (Liaison from DiaSorin, Stillwater, Minnesota, USA).

RESULTS

No association between vitamin D level and type of AF was found. Furthermore, no association between vitamin D deficiency and ischaemic heart disease, stroke or acute myocardial infarction was found. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with low age (p = 0.02) and gender with a higher proportion of females having the optimal level of 25 OHD (p = 0.0005).

CONCLUSION

Other studies have found a beneficial effect of vitamin D on cardiovascular diseases, but we found no association between vitamin D deficiency and the type of AF or complications to AF. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether vitamin D supplementation improves cardiovascular outcomes in patients with AF.

FUNDING

The study has received financial support from several private and one public fund.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The study was approved by the National Ethics Committee (Project-ID: H-C-2009-014).