1
|
Aldecoa C, Bettelli G, Bilotta F, Sanders RD, Aceto P, Audisio R, Cherubini A, Cunningham C, Dabrowski W, Forookhi A, Gitti N, Immonen K, Kehlet H, Koch S, Kotfis K, Latronico N, MacLullich AMJ, Mevorach L, Mueller A, Neuner B, Piva S, Radtke F, Blaser AR, Renzi S, Romagnoli S, Schubert M, Slooter AJC, Tommasino C, Vasiljewa L, Weiss B, Yuerek F, Spies CD. Update of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium in adult patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024; 41:81-108. [PMID: 37599617 PMCID: PMC10763721 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) remains a common, dangerous and resource-consuming adverse event but is often preventable. The whole peri-operative team can play a key role in its management. This update to the 2017 ESAIC Guideline on the prevention of POD is evidence-based and consensus-based and considers the literature between 01 April 2015, and 28 February 2022. The search terms of the broad literature search were identical to those used in the first version of the guideline published in 2017. POD was defined in accordance with the DSM-5 criteria. POD had to be measured with a validated POD screening tool, at least once per day for at least 3 days starting in the recovery room or postanaesthesia care unit on the day of surgery or, at latest, on postoperative day 1. Recent literature confirmed the pathogenic role of surgery-induced inflammation, and this concept reinforces the positive role of multicomponent strategies aimed to reduce the surgical stress response. Although some putative precipitating risk factors are not modifiable (length of surgery, surgical site), others (such as depth of anaesthesia, appropriate analgesia and haemodynamic stability) are under the control of the anaesthesiologists. Multicomponent preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative preventive measures showed potential to reduce the incidence and duration of POD, confirming the pivotal role of a comprehensive and team-based approach to improve patients' clinical and functional status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Aldecoa
- From the Department of Anaesthesia and Postoperative Critical Care, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain (CA), Department of Biomedical Studies, University of the Republic of San Marino, San Marino (GB), Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Rome, Italy (FB, AF, LM), Specialty of Anaesthetics & NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney & Department of Anaesthetics and Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital (RDS), Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, and Campus Virchow Klinikum (CDS, SK, AM, BN, LV, BW, FY), Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e della Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy (PA), Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (PA), Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (RA), Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di ricerca per l'invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy (AC), School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (CC), First Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medical University of Lublin, Poland (WD), Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (KI), Section of Surgical Pathophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (HK), Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Therapy and Acute Intoxications, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland (KK), Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia (NG, NL, SP, SR), Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Spedali Civili University Hospital, Brescia, Italy (NL, SP), Edinburgh Delirium Research Group, Ageing and Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (AMJM), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Nykoebing Hospital; University of Southern Denmark, SDU (SK, FR), Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (ARB), Center for Intensive Care Medicine, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland (ARB), Department of Health Science, Section of Anesthesiology, University of Florence (SR), Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy (SR), School of Health Sciences, Institute of Nursing, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Science, Winterthur, Switzerland (MS), Departments of Psychiatry and Intensive Care Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands (AJCS), Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium (AJCS) and Dental Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Polo Universitario Ospedale San Paolo, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy (CT)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Radtke F, Holweck J, Geissler J, Strork T, Drepper C, Fouskova Z, Gerlach M, Fischer M, Romanos M. Olfactory function, transcranial sonography and fear generalization in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome along the lifespan. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Radtke
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - J Holweck
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - J Geissler
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - T Strork
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - C Drepper
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - Z Fouskova
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - M Gerlach
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - M Fischer
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| | - M Romanos
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Finn Radtke
- Anaestesiafdelingen, Naestved Sygehus, Naestved, Denmark
| | - Claudia Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Weber D, Lehal R, Frismantas V, Bourquin JP, Bauer M, Murone M, Radtke F. Pharmacological activity of CB-103: An oral pan-NOTCH inhibitor targeting the NOTCH transcription complex. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy047.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
5
|
Weber D, Lehal R, Frismantas V, Bourquin JP, Bauer M, Murone M, Radtke F. Pharmacological activity of CB-103: An oral pan-NOTCH inhibitor with a novel mode of action. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx367.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
6
|
Weber D, Lehal R, Frismantas V, Bourquin J, Bauer M, Murone M, Radtke F. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CB-103 IN HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES - AN ORAL PAN-NOTCH INHIBITOR WITH A NOVEL MODE OF ACTION. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2437_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Weber
- Clinical Development; Cellestia Biotech AG, Basel; Switzerland
| | - R. Lehal
- Clinical Development; Cellestia Biotech AG, Basel; Switzerland
| | - V. Frismantas
- Division of Pediatric Oncology; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - J. Bourquin
- Division of Pediatric Oncology; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zürich Switzerland
| | - M. Bauer
- Clinical Development; Cellestia Biotech AG, Basel; Switzerland
| | - M. Murone
- Clinical Development; Cellestia Biotech AG, Basel; Switzerland
| | - F. Radtke
- Clinical Development; Cellestia Biotech AG, Basel; Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
John M, Ely EW, Halfkann D, Schoen J, Sedemund-Adib B, Klotz S, Radtke F, Stehr S, Hueppe M. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in cardiosurgical patients with postoperative delirium. J Intensive Care 2017; 5:29. [PMID: 28560042 PMCID: PMC5446746 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-017-0224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients in intensive care units (ICU) are often diagnosed with postoperative delirium; the duration of which has a relevant negative impact on various clinical outcomes. Recent research found a potentially important role of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in delirium of critically ill patients on non-surgical ICU or in non-cardiac-surgery patients. We tested the hypothesis that AChE and BChE have an impact on patients after cardiac surgery with postoperative delirium. Methods After obtaining approval from the local ethics committee, this mechanistic study gathered data of all 217 patients included in a randomized controlled trial testing non-pharmacological modifications of care in the cardiac surgical ICU to reduce delirium. Delirium was assessed with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) and the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) twice a day for the first 3 days after surgery. Further outcome variables were somatic laboratory parameters and variables regarding surgery, anesthesia, and postsurgical recovery. 10 μl venous or arterial blood was drawn and AChE and BChE were determined with ChE check mobile from Securetec. Results Of 217 patients, 60 (27.6%) developed postsurgical delirium (POD). Patients with POD were older (p = 0.005), had anemia (p = 0.01), and worse kidney function (p = 0.006). Furthermore, these patients had lower intraoperative cerebral saturation (NIRS) (p < 0.001) and higher intraoperative need of catecholamines (p = 0.03). Delirious patients showed more inflammatory response (p < 0.001). AChE and BChE values were mainly inside the norm. Patients with values outside the norm did not have POD more often than others. Regarding AChE and BChE patients did not differ in having delirium or not (p > 0.10). Conclusions Postoperative measurement of AChE and BChE did not discern between patients with and without POD. The effect of the cardiac surgical procedure on AChE and BChE remains unclear. Further studies with patients in cardiac surgery are needed to evaluate a possible combination of delirium and the cholinergic transmitter system. There might be possible interactions with AChE/BChE and blood products and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, which should be investigated more intensively. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00006217
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira John
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive-Care Medicine, UKSH Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - E Wesley Ely
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee USA.,Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC) of the Tennessee Valley Veterans Administration, Nashville, Tennessee USA
| | - Dorothee Halfkann
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive-Care Medicine, UKSH Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Julika Schoen
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive-Care Medicine, UKSH Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Beate Sedemund-Adib
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive-Care Medicine, UKSH Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Vascular Surgery, UKSH Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Finn Radtke
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive-Care Medicine, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stehr
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive-Care Medicine, UKSH Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Michael Hueppe
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology and Intensive-Care Medicine, UKSH Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mei W, Seeling M, Franck M, Radtke F, Brantner B, Wernecke KD, Spies C. Independent risk factors for postoperative pain in need of intervention early after awakening from general anaesthesia. Eur J Pain 2012; 14:149.e1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
9
|
Heymann A, Radtke F, Schiemann A, Lütz A, MacGuill M, Wernecke KD, Spies C. Delayed treatment of delirium increases mortality rate in intensive care unit patients. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1584-95. [PMID: 21309472 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a serious complication associated with a poor outcome in critically ill patients. In this prospective observational study of the effect of a delay in delirium therapy on mortality rate, 418 ICU patients were regularly assessed using the Delirium Detection Score (DDS). The departmental standard required that if delirium was diagnosed (DDS >7), therapy should be started within 24 h. In total, 204 patients (48.8%) were delirious during their ICU stay. In 184 of the delirious patients (90.2%), therapy was started within 24 h; in 20 patients (9.8%), therapy was delayed. During their ICU stay, patients whose delirium treatment was delayed were more frequently mechanically ventilated, had more nosocomial infections (including pneumonia) and had a higher mortality rate than patients whose treatment was not delayed. Thus, it would appear that a delay in initiating delirium therapy in ICU patients was associated with increased mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Heymann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Radtke F, Franck M, Drews T, Weiß-Gerlach E, Twigg E, Harbeck-Seu A, Krampe H, Spies C. Die posttraumatische Stressskala-14 (PTSS-14) – Validierung der richtlinienkonformen Übersetzung für den deutschsprachigen Raum. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2010; 45:688-95. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1268870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
11
|
Schouwey K, Aydin IT, Radtke F, Beermann F. RBP-Jκ-dependent Notch signaling enhances retinal pigment epithelial cell proliferation in transgenic mice. Oncogene 2010; 30:313-22. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
12
|
Mazur P, Sipos B, Zimber-Strobl U, Strobl L, Radtke F, Schmid R, Siveke J. 858 Deficiency of Notch2 suppresses pancreatic carcinogenesis and Myc signaling in vivo. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
13
|
Radtke F, Spies C. Nur nicht den Kopf verlieren! Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2010; 45:104-5. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Kleinwächter R, Kork F, Weiss-Gerlach E, Ramme A, Linnen H, Radtke F, Lütz A, Krampe H, Spies CD. Improving the detection of illicit substance use in preoperative anesthesiological assessment. Minerva Anestesiol 2010; 76:29-37. [PMID: 20130523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM Illicit substance use (ISU) is a worldwide burden, and its prevalence in surgical patients has not been well investigated. Co-consumption of legal substances, such as alcohol and tobacco, complicates the perioperative management and is frequently underestimated during routine preoperative assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the anesthesiologists' detection rate of ISU during routine preoperative assessment with a computerized self-assessment questionnaire. METHODS In total, 2,938 patients were included in this study. Prior to preoperative assessment, patients were asked to complete a computer-based questionnaire that addressed ISU, alcohol use disorder (AUDIT), nicotine use (Fagerström) and socio-economic variables (education, income, employment, partnership and size of household). Medical records were reviewed, and the anesthesiologists' detection of ISU was compared to the patients' self-reported ISU. RESULTS Seven point five percent of patients reported ISU within the previous twelve months. ISU was highest in the age group between 18 and 30 years (26.4%; P<0.01). Patients reporting ISU were more often men than women (P<0.01), smokers (P<0.01) and tested positive for alcohol use disorder (P<0.01). Anesthesiologists detected ISU in one in 43 patients, whereas the computerized self-assessment reported it in one in 13 patients. The detection was best in the subgroup self-reporting frequent ISU (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Anesthesiologists underestimate the prevalence of ISU. Computer-based self-assessment increases the detection of ISU in preoperative assessment and may decrease perioperative risk. More strategies to improve the detection of ISU as well as brief interventions for ISU are required in preoperative assessment clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kleinwächter
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ramme A, Schmidt M, Breuer JP, Miescke K, Radtke F, Spies C. P84 Length of hospital stay for elderly patients after cancer surgery is depending on ASA state and length of surgery but not on age. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(09)70122-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
16
|
Becker H, Radtke F. Über eine neue encephalographische Methode, Hirnkammern und erweiterte periphere Spalträume isoliert zur Darstellung zu bringen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1231665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
17
|
Roemer E, Ottmueller TH, Zenzen V, Wittke S, Radtke F, Blanco I, Carchman RA. Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and tumorigenicity of mainstream smoke from three reference cigarettes machine-smoked to the same yields of total particulate matter per cigarette. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1810-8. [PMID: 19447158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The particle phase of mainstream smoke from three types of cigarettes was investigated in vitro in the Neutral Red cytotoxicity assay and the Salmonella typhimurium Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames Assay) and in vivo in the two-stage dermal tumorigenicity assay (Skin Painting Assay) in SENCAR mice. The cigarettes used were the Reference Cigarettes 1R5F, 2R4F, and 2R1F from the University of Kentucky, USA, which, when smoked according to the smoking regimen defined by the International Standards Organization (ISO), produce a yield of approximately 2, 12, and 26 mg total particulate matter (TPM)/cigarette, respectively. All cigarettes were machine smoked according to ISO and then again in such a way that the TPM yields per cigarette equaled the ISO TPM yields of the other two cigarette types. The TPM from cigarettes with inherently different smoke yields showed similar in vitro toxicity and in vivo toxicity when, with different smoking regimens, these cigarettes were smoked to the same TPM yield. More intensive smoking conditions were associated with lower in vitro and in vivo activity per gram of TPM. The strongest decrease, and the tightest correlation, in this regard was observed for dermal tumorigenicity (tumor incidence).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Roemer
- PHILIP MORRIS International R&D, Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Radtke F, Franck M, Oppermann S, Lütz A, Seeling M, Heymann A, Kleinwächter R, Kork F, Skrobik Y, Spies C. Die Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) – Richtlinienkonforme Übersetzung und Validierung einer intensivmedizinischen Delirium–Checkliste. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2009; 44:80-6. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Abstract
The highly conserved Notch signaling pathway plays pleiotropic roles during embryonic development and is important for the regulation of self-renewing tissues. The physiological functions of this signaling cascade range from stem cell maintenance and influencing cell fate decisions of barely differentiated progenitor cells, to the induction of terminal differentiation processes, all of which have been found to be recapitulated in different forms of cancers. Although Notch signaling has mostly been associated with oncogenic and growth-promoting roles, depending on the tissue type it can also function as a tumor suppressor. Here we describe recent findings on Notch signaling in cancer and tumor angiogenesis, and highlight some of the therapeutic approaches that are currently being developed to interfere with tumor growth and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Koch
- The Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Chemin des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lütz A, Radtke F, Franck M, Seeling M, Gaudreau JD, Kleinwächter R, Kork F, Zieb A, Heymann A, Spies C. Die Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC) - Richtlinienkonforme Übersetzung für den deutschsprachigen Raum. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2008; 43:98-102. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1060551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Terpstra PM, Teredesai A, Vanscheeuwijck PM, Verbeeck J, Schepers G, Radtke F, Kuhl P, Gomm W, Anskeit E, Patskan G. Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 4: Subchronic inhalation toxicology. J Appl Toxicol 2003; 23:349-62. [PMID: 12975774 DOI: 10.1002/jat.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The biological activity of mainstream smoke from an electrically heated cigarette (EHC) with controlled combustion and from the University of Kentucky Reference Cigarette 1R4F was determined in Sprague Dawley rats exposed nose-only for 90 days, 6 h a day, 7 days per week. For an equivalent response comparison between the two cigarette types, two doses were chosen for the EHC where the anticipated results were in the dynamic range of the 1R4F dose-response curve (four concentrations) for most end points. The number of cigarettes smoked per m(3) of diluted smoke resulted in total particulate matter concentrations of 40 and 90 microg l (-1) for the EHC and 40-170 microg l (-1) for the 1R4F. Biomonitoring indicated achievement of target doses. Mainstream smoke yields were lower for the EHC, with the exception of formaldehyde. No smoke-related mortality, remarkable in-life observations or abnormal gross pathological findings were observed. Smoke- and dose-related clinical pathology and organ weight changes included: increases in segmented neutrophils, some liver parameters and lung and adrenal weight relative to body weight; and decreases in lymphocytes, glucose concentration and spleen weight. Smoke-related histopathological findings in the respiratory tract included epithelial cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, atrophy and accumulation of pigmented alveolar macrophages; they were mostly dose-dependent, more pronounced in the upper than lower respiratory tract and completely or partially reversed by 6 weeks post-inhalation. Qualitatively, the biological effects seen for the EHC and the 1R4F were comparable and similar to those observed in other mainstream smoke inhalation studies. Quantitatively, the biological activity of the EHC mainstream smoke was, on average, 65% lower than that of the 1R4F mainstream smoke on an equal cigarette basis and equivalent activity on an equal TPM basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P M Terpstra
- Philip Morris Research Laboratories bvba, Grauwmeer 14, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The development of T cells from pluripotent stem cells involves a coordinated series of lineage-commitment steps. Common lymphoid precursors in the fetal liver or adult bone marrow must first choose between a T, B or NK cell fate. Committed T cell precursors in the thymus then differentiate into cells committed to the alphabeta or gammadelta lineages. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying T cell fate specification and alphabeta/gammadelta lineage divergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R MacDonald
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Notch proteins influence cell-fate decisions in many developmental systems. Gain-of-function studies have suggested a crucial role for Notch1 signaling at several stages during lymphocyte development, including the B/T, alphabeta/gammadelta and CD4/CD8 lineage choices. Here, we critically re-evaluate these conclusions in the light of recent studies that describe inducible and tissue-specific targeting of the Notch1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R MacDonald
- The Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wolfer A, Bakker T, Wilson A, Nicolas M, Ioannidis V, Littman DR, Lee PP, Wilson CB, Held W, MacDonald HR, Radtke F. Inactivation of Notch 1 in immature thymocytes does not perturb CD4 or CD8T cell development. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:235-41. [PMID: 11224523 DOI: 10.1038/85294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Notch proteins influence cell-fate decisions in many developing systems. Several gain-of-function studies have suggested a critical role for Notch 1 signaling in CD4-CD8 lineage commitment, maturation and survival in the thymus. However, we show here that tissue-specific inactivation of the gene encoding Notch 1 in immature (CD25+CD44-)T cell precursors does not affect subsequent thymocyte development. Neither steady-state numbers nor the rate of production of CD4+ and CD8+ mature thymocytes is perturbed in the absence of Notch 1. In addition, Notch 1-deficient thymocytes are normally sensitive to spontaneous or glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In contrast to earlier reports, these data formally exclude an essential role for Notch 1 in CD4-CD8 lineage commitment, maturation or survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wolfer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilson A, Ferrero I, MacDonald HR, Radtke F. Cutting edge: an essential role for Notch-1 in the development of both thymus-independent and -dependent T cells in the gut. J Immunol 2000; 165:5397-400. [PMID: 11067889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.10.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Whereas most T cells arise in the thymus, a distinct lineage of extrathymically derived T cells is present in the gut mucosa. The developmental origin of extrathymic T cells is poorly understood. We show here that Notch-1, a transmembrane receptor involved in T cell fate specification of bipotential T/B precursors in the thymus, is absolutely required for the development of extrathymic (as well as thymus-derived) mature T cells in the intestinal epithelium. In the absence of Notch-1, CD117(+) T cell precursors are relatively more abundant in the gut than the thymus, whereas immature B cells accumulate in the thymus but not the gut. Collectively, these data demonstrate that Notch-1 is essential for both thymic and extrathymic T cell fate specification and further suggest that bipotential T/B precursors that do not receive a Notch-1 signal adopt a B cell fate in the thymus but become developmentally arrested in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wilson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Leimeister C, Dale K, Fischer A, Klamt B, Hrabe de Angelis M, Radtke F, McGrew MJ, Pourquié O, Gessler M. Oscillating expression of c-Hey2 in the presomitic mesoderm suggests that the segmentation clock may use combinatorial signaling through multiple interacting bHLH factors. Dev Biol 2000; 227:91-103. [PMID: 11076679 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate somitogenesis comprises the generation of a temporal periodicity, the establishment of anteroposterior compartment identity, and the translation of the temporal periodicity into the metameric pattern of somites. Molecular players at each of these steps are beginning to be identified. Especially, members of the Notch signaling cascade appear to be involved in setting up the somitogenesis clock and subsequent events. We had previously demonstrated specific expression of the mHey1 and mHey2 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factors during somitogenesis. Here we show that perturbed Notch signaling in Dll1 and Notch1 knockout mutants affects this expression in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM) and the somites. In the caudal PSM, however, mHey2 expression is maintained and thus is likely to be independent of Notch signaling. Furthermore, we analysed the dynamic expression of the respective chicken c-Hey1 and c-Hey2 genes during somitogenesis. Not only is c-Hey2 rhythmically expressed across the chicken presomitic mesoderm like c-hairy1, but its transcription is similarly independent of de novo protein synthesis. In contrast, the dynamic expression of c-Hey1 is restricted to the anterior segmental plate. Both c-Hey genes are coexpressed with c-hairy1 in the posterior somite half. Further in vitro and in vivo interaction assays demonstrated direct homo- and heterodimerisation between these hairy-related bHLH proteins, suggesting a combinatorial action in both the generation of a temporal periodicity and the anterior-posterior somite compartmentalisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Leimeister
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry I, Theodor-Boveri-Institute (Biocenter), University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Wuerzburg, D-97074, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Thymic dendritic cells (DCs) form a discrete subset of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells, the function of which is to mediate negative selection of autoreactive thymocytes. The developmental origin of thymic DCs remains controversial. Although cell transfer studies support a model in which T cells and thymic DCs develop from the same intrathymic pluripotential precursor, it remains possible that these two types of cells develop from independent intrathymic precursors. Notch proteins are cell surface receptors involved in the regulation of cell fate specification. We have recently reported that T cell development in inducible Notch1-deficient mice is severely impaired at an early stage, before the expression of T cell lineage markers. To investigate whether development of thymic DCs also depends on Notch1, we have constructed mixed BM chimeric mice. We report here that thymic DC development from Notch1(-/)- BM precursors is absolutely normal (in terms of absolute number and phenotype) in this competitive situation, despite the absence of Notch1(-/)- T cells. Furthermore, we find that peripheral DCs and Langerhans cells are also not affected by Notch1 deficiency. Our results demonstrate that the development of DCs is totally independent of Notch1 function, and strongly suggest a dissociation between intrathymic T cell and DC precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Radtke
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Recent studies have begun to unravel some of the molecular pathways that appear to control the processes of T cell determination in the earliest thymocyte precursors. In addition, the analyses of mouse mutants with an entirely alymphoid thymus have shed light on the developmental relationship of pro-T cells and thymic dendritic cells, revealing that development of thymocytes and thymic dendritic cells can be dissociated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Di Santo
- Unité des Cytokines et Développement Lymphoïde, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75724, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Biedler A, Juckenhöfel S, Larsen R, Radtke F, Stotz A, Warmann J, Braune E, Dyttkowitz A, Henning F, Strickmann B, Lauven PM. [Postoperative cognition disorders in elderly patients. The results of the "International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction" ISPOCD 1)]. Anaesthesist 1999; 48:884-95. [PMID: 10672352 DOI: 10.1007/s001010050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive dysfunction is a known problem after operations and may be especially relevant in the elderly. The aim of this international multicentre study was to investigate short- and long-term cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients and to elucidate the relevance of hypoxaemia and hypotension as causative factors. METHODS 1218 patients aged 60 years and older and scheduled for major non-cardiac surgery under general anaesthesia were investigated. Oxygen saturation was measured by continuous pulse oximetry before surgery and throughout the day of and the first 3 nights after surgery. Blood pressure was recorded every 3 minutes during the operation and every 15-30 min for the rest of that day and night. Cognitive testing was performed before and 1 week and 3 months after the operation. Cognitive dysfunction was identified with neuropsychological tests compared with controls recruited from the UK (n = 176) and the same countries as study centres (n = 145). RESULTS Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was present in 25.8% of patients 1 week after surgery and in 9.9% 3 months after surgery, compared with 3.4% and 2.8%, respectively, of the UK controls. Increasing age and duration of anaesthesia, little education, a second operation, postoperative infections, and respiratory complications were the risk factors for early postoperative cognitive dysfunction, but only age was a risk factor for long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Hypoxaemia and hypotension were not significant risk factors at any time. CONCLUSION With this investigation long-term cognitive dysfunction could be proven definitively for elderly patients after major operations under general anaesthesia. No factors with prophylactic or therapeutic influence were detectable so that aetiology and pathophysiology of POCD could not be further determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Biedler
- Klinik für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Radtke F, Wilson A, Stark G, Bauer M, van Meerwijk J, MacDonald HR, Aguet M. Deficient T cell fate specification in mice with an induced inactivation of Notch1. Immunity 1999; 10:547-58. [PMID: 10367900 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1075] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Notch proteins are cell surface receptors that mediate developmental cell specification events. To explore the function of murine Notch1, an essential portion of the gene was flanked with loxP sites and inactivation induced via interferon-regulated Cre recombinase. Mice with a neonatally induced loss of Notch1 function were transiently growth retarded and had a severe deficiency in thymocyte development. Competitive repopulation of lethally irradiated wild-type hosts with wild-type- and Notch1-deficient bone marrow revealed a cell autonomous blockage in T cell development at an early stage, before expression of T cell lineage markers. Notch1-deficient bone marrow did, however, contribute normally to all other hematopoietic lineages. These findings suggest that Notch1 plays an obligatory and selective role in T cell lineage induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Radtke
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Epalinges
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gerber HP, Hillan KJ, Ryan AM, Kowalski J, Keller GA, Rangell L, Wright BD, Radtke F, Aguet M, Ferrara N. VEGF is required for growth and survival in neonatal mice. Development 1999; 126:1149-59. [PMID: 10021335 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126.6.1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 609] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We employed two independent approaches to inactivate the angiogenic protein VEGF in newborn mice: inducible, Cre-loxP- mediated gene targeting, or administration of mFlt(1–3)-IgG, a soluble VEGF receptor chimeric protein. Partial inhibition of VEGF achieved by inducible gene targeting resulted in increased mortality, stunted body growth and impaired organ development, most notably of the liver. Administration of mFlt(1–3)-IgG, which achieves a higher degree of VEGF inhibition, resulted in nearly complete growth arrest and lethality. Ultrastructural analysis documented alterations in endothelial and other cell types. Histological and biochemical changes consistent with liver and renal failure were observed. Endothelial cells isolated from the liver of mFlt(1–3)-IgG-treated neonates demonstrated an increased apoptotic index, indicating that VEGF is required not only for proliferation but also for survival of endothelial cells. However, such treatment resulted in less significant alterations as the animal matured, and the dependence on VEGF was eventually lost some time after the fourth postnatal week. Administration of mFlt(1–3)-IgG to juvenile mice failed to induce apoptosis in liver endothelial cells. Thus, VEGF is essential for growth and survival in early postnatal life. However, in the fully developed animal, VEGF is likely to be involved primarily in active angiogenesis processes such as corpus luteum development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H P Gerber
- Departments of Cardiovascular Research and Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Radtke F, Hug M, Georgiev O, Matsuo K, Schaffner W. Differential sensitivity of zinc finger transcription factors MTF-1, Sp1 and Krox-20 to CpG methylation of their binding sites. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 1996; 377:47-56. [PMID: 8929813 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1996.377.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cytosine methylation at CpG sites is often negatively correlated with mammalian gene activity. Many transcription factors whose DNA binding site contains one or more CpG dinucleotides are no longer able to efficiently bind DNA when the site is methylated. A notable exception is the zinc finger factor Sp1 which binds DNA and activates transcription even when its binding site is methylated. Here we show that two other zinc finger factors, MTF-1 and Krox-20, can also bind to CpG methylated sites. MTF-1 regulates metallothionein gene transcription by binding to a number of metal responsive elements (MREs), and Krox-20 regulates Hox genes during hindbrain segmentation. However, a refined analysis of MTF-1/MRE binding shows that methylation is not tolerated at every binding site: the highest affinity site in the mouse metallothionein I gene, MREd, is unaffected by methylation, while two other MRE sites with CpGs at different positions are rendered partially or completely nonfunctional by methylation. Both methylation sensitive and insensitive factors/binding sites are likely to determine the developmental expression pattern of a gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Radtke
- Institut fur Molekularbiologie II der Universitat Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Radtke F, Koeppel RA, Baiker A. Formation of Hydrogen Cyanide over Cu/ZSM-5 Catalyst Used for the Removal of Nitrogen Oxides from Exhausts of Lean-Burn Engines. Environ Sci Technol 1995; 29:2703-2705. [PMID: 22191974 DOI: 10.1021/es00010a035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
36
|
Radtke F, Georgiev O, Müller HP, Brugnera E, Schaffner W. Functional domains of the heavy metal-responsive transcription regulator MTF-1. Nucleic Acids Res 1995; 23:2277-86. [PMID: 7610056 PMCID: PMC307018 DOI: 10.1093/nar/23.12.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) constitute a class of low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, metal binding proteins which are regulated at the level of gene transcription in response to heavy metals and other adverse treatments. We have previously cloned a zinc finger factor (MTF-1) that binds specifically to heavy metal-responsive DNA sequence elements in metallothionein promoters and shown that this factor is essential for basal and heavy metal-induced transcription. Here we report that the C-terminal part of MTF-1 downstream of the DNA binding zinc fingers harbours three different transactivation domains, namely an acidic domain, a proline-rich domain and a domain rich in serine and threonine. When fused to the heterologous DNA binding domain of the yeast factor GAL4 these activation domains function constitutively, i.e. transcription of a GAL4-driven reporter gene is not induced by heavy metals. In search of the region(s) responsible for metal induction, external and internal deletion mutations of mouse and human MTF-1 and chimeric variants thereof were tested with a reporter gene driven by a metal-responsive promoter. The N-terminal part of MTF-1 containing the zinc fingers, which are dependent on zinc for efficient DNA binding, can indeed confer a limited (3- to 4-fold) zinc-responsive transcription when fused to the heterologous activation domain of the viral VP16 protein. Another region containing the acidic and proline-rich activation domains also contributes to metal inducibility, but only in the context of intact MTF-1. This indicates that the activity of MTF-1 results from a complex interplay of different functional domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Radtke
- Institut für Molekularbiologie II der Universität Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wan M, Heuchel R, Radtke F, Hunziker PE, Kägi JH. Regulation of metallothionein gene expression in Cd- or Zn-adapted RK-13 cells. Experientia 1995; 51:606-11. [PMID: 7607305 DOI: 10.1007/bf02128753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We explored the molecular genetics underlying the massive induction of isoMTs by Zn2+ or Cd2+ in metal tolerant rabbit kidney (RK-13) sub-line cells, using band shift assays and Southern blotting analysis. In sub-line cells accommodated to intermediate metal concentrations (100 microM Zn2+; 1-20 microM Cd2+) evidence suggested that the increase in the capacity for isoMT synthesis is brought about by an increased binding activity of the nuclear transcription factors MTF-1 and Sp1. Using quantitative band shift analysis with a mouse MRE-d oligonucleotide probe, the binding of both transcription factors was found to be enhanced two to three times over the binding activity measured in the unexposed parental RK-13 cells. Their increase in binding activity is probably the cause of the overexpression of MT genes and the development of metal tolerance in these cells. In cells tolerant to the highest concentrations of metal the analysis of Southern blot signals revealed MT gene amplification to be the most probable cause of the increased MT production. Thus, in cells of sub-lines growing in the presence of 350 microM Zn2+, two of the isoMT genes were coordinately triplicated and in cells tolerant to 150 microM Cd2+ one isoMT gene was amplified two-fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Wan
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brugnera E, Georgiev O, Radtke F, Heuchel R, Baker E, Sutherland GR, Schaffner W. Cloning, chromosomal mapping and characterization of the human metal-regulatory transcription factor MTF-1. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22:3167-73. [PMID: 8065932 PMCID: PMC310292 DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.15.3167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich proteins that bind heavy metal ions such as zinc, cadmium and copper with high affinity, and have been functionally implicated in heavy metal detoxification and radical scavenging. Transcription of metallothioneins genes is induced by exposure of cells to heavy metals. This induction is mediated by metal-responsive promoter elements (MREs). We have previously cloned the cDNA of an MRE-binding transcription factor (MTF-1) from the mouse. Here we present the human cDNA equivalent of this metal-regulatory factor. Human MTF-1 is a protein of 753 amino acids with 93% amino acid sequence identity to mouse MTF-1 and has an extension of 78 amino acids at the C-terminus without counterpart in the mouse. The factors of both species have the same overall structure including six zinc fingers in the DNA binding domain. We have physically mapped the human MTF-1 gene to human chromosome 1 where it localizes to the short arm in the region 1p32-34, most likely 1p33. Both human and mouse MTF-1 when produced in transfected mammalian cells strongly bind to a consensus MRE of metallothionein promoters. However, human MTF-1 is more effective than the mouse MTF-1 clone in mediating zinc-induced transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Brugnera
- Institut für Molekularbiologie II, Universität Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Heuchel R, Radtke F, Georgiev O, Stark G, Aguet M, Schaffner W. The transcription factor MTF-1 is essential for basal and heavy metal-induced metallothionein gene expression. EMBO J 1994; 13:2870-5. [PMID: 8026472 PMCID: PMC395168 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have described and cloned previously a factor (MTF-1) that binds specifically to heavy metal-responsive DNA sequence elements in the enhancer/promoter region of metallothionein genes. MTF-1 is a protein of 72.5 kDa that contains six zinc fingers and multiple domains for transcriptional activation. Here we report the disruption of both alleles of the MTF-1 gene in mouse embryonic stem cells by homologous recombination. The resulting null mutant cell line fails to produce detectable amounts of MTF-1. Moreover, due to the loss of MTF-1, the endogenous metallothionein I and II genes are silent, indicating that MTF-1 is required for both their basal and zinc-induced transcription. In addition to zinc, other heavy metals, including cadmium, copper, nickel and lead, also fail to activate metal-responsive promoters in null mutant cells. However, cotransfection of an MTF-1 expression vector and metal-responsive reporter genes yields strong basal transcription that can be further boosted by zinc treatment of cells. These results demonstrate that MTF-1 is essential for metallothionein gene regulation. Finally, we present evidence that MTF-1 itself is a zinc sensor, which exhibits increased DNA binding activity upon zinc treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Heuchel
- Institut für Molekularbiologie II, Universität Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Radtke F, Heuchel R, Georgiev O, Hergersberg M, Gariglio M, Dembic Z, Schaffner W. Cloned transcription factor MTF-1 activates the mouse metallothionein I promoter. EMBO J 1993; 12:1355-62. [PMID: 8467794 PMCID: PMC413347 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are small cysteine-rich proteins whose structure is conserved from fungi to man. MTs strongly bind heavy metals, notably zinc, copper and cadmium. Upon exposure of cells to heavy metal and other adverse treatments, MT gene transcription is strongly enhanced. Metal induction is mediated by several copies of a 15 bp consensus sequence (metal-responsive element, MRE) present in the promoter region of MT genes. We and others have demonstrated the presence of an MRE-binding factor in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. We found that this factor, termed MTF-1 (MRE-binding transcription factor) is inactivated/reactivated in vitro by zinc withdrawal/addition. Here we report that the amounts of MTF-1-DNA complexes are elevated several-fold in zinc-treated cells, as measured by bandshift assay. We have also cloned the cDNA of mouse MTF-1, a 72.5 kDa protein. MTF-1 contains six zinc fingers and separate transcriptional activation domains with high contents of acidic and proline residues. Ectopic expression of MTF-1 in primate or rodent cells strongly enhances transcription of a reporter gene that is driven by four consensus MREd sites, or by the complete mouse MT-I promoter, even at normal zinc levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Radtke
- Universität Zürich, Institut für Molekularbiologie II, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Becker H, Radtke F. Steuerbare Ventrikel- oder Sub-arachnoidealf�llung bei der lumbalen und occipitalen Encephalographie. J Neurol 1950. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00242318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|