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Salazar A, Chavarria V, Flores I, Ruiz S, Pérez de la Cruz V, Sánchez-García FJ, Pineda B. Abscopal Effect, Extracellular Vesicles and Their Immunotherapeutic Potential in Cancer Treatment. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093816. [PMID: 37175226 PMCID: PMC10180522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The communication between tumor cells and the microenvironment plays a fundamental role in the development, growth and further immune escape of the tumor. This communication is partially regulated by extracellular vesicles which can direct the behavior of surrounding cells. In recent years, it has been proposed that this feature could be applied as a potential treatment against cancer, since several studies have shown that tumors treated with radiotherapy can elicit a strong enough immune response to eliminate distant metastasis; this phenomenon is called the abscopal effect. The mechanism behind this effect may include the release of extracellular vesicles loaded with damage-associated molecular patterns and tumor-derived antigens which activates an antigen-specific immune response. This review will focus on the recent discoveries in cancer cell communications via extracellular vesicles and their implication in tumor development, as well as their potential use as an immunotherapeutic treatment against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleli Salazar
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Víctor Chavarria
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Immunoregulation Lab, Department of Immunology, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Itamar Flores
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Samanta Ruiz
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Verónica Pérez de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behavior Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | | | - Benjamin Pineda
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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Chavarria V, Ortiz-Islas E, Salazar A, Pérez-de la Cruz V, Espinosa-Bonilla A, Figueroa R, Ortíz-Plata A, Sotelo J, Sánchez-García FJ, Pineda B. Lactate-Loaded Nanoparticles Induce Glioma Cytotoxicity and Increase the Survival of Rats Bearing Malignant Glioma Brain Tumor. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020327. [PMID: 35214059 PMCID: PMC8880216 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A glioblastoma is an aggressive form of a malignant glial-derived tumor with a poor prognosis despite multimodal therapy approaches. Lactate has a preponderant role in the tumor microenvironment, playing an immunoregulatory role as well as being a carbon source for tumor growth. Lactate homeostasis depends on the proper functioning of intracellular lactate regulation systems, such as transporters and enzymes involved in its synthesis and degradation, with evidence that an intracellular lactate overload generates metabolic stress on tumor cells and tumor cell death. We propose that the delivery of a lactate overload carried in nanoparticles, allowing the intracellular release of lactate, would compromise the survival of tumor cells. We synthesized and characterized silica and titania nanoparticles loaded with lactate to evaluate the cellular uptake, metabolic activity, pH modification, and cytotoxicity on C6 cells under normoxia and chemical hypoxia, and, finally, determined the survival of an orthotopic malignant glioma model after in situ administration. A dose-dependent reduction in metabolic activity of treated cells under normoxia was found, but not under hypoxia, independent of glucose concentration. Lactated-loaded silica nanoparticles were highly cytotoxic (58.1% of dead cells) and generated significant supernatant acidification. In vivo, lactate-loaded silica nanoparticles significantly increased the median survival time of malignant glioma-bearing rats (p = 0.005) when administered in situ. These findings indicate that lactate-loaded silica nanoparticles are cytotoxic on glioma cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Chavarria
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.F.); (J.S.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Emma Ortiz-Islas
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Alelí Salazar
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Verónica Pérez-de la Cruz
- Neurobiochemistry and Behaviour Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Alejandra Espinosa-Bonilla
- Central de Instrumentación, Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Rubén Figueroa
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.F.); (J.S.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Alma Ortíz-Plata
- Experimental Neuropathology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.F.); (J.S.)
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Correspondence: (F.J.S.-G.); (B.P.); Tel.: +52-1-(55)-57296300 (ext. 62370) (F.J.S.-G.); +52-1-(55)-56063822 (ext. 2001) (B.P.)
| | - Benjamín Pineda
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.F.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.J.S.-G.); (B.P.); Tel.: +52-1-(55)-57296300 (ext. 62370) (F.J.S.-G.); +52-1-(55)-56063822 (ext. 2001) (B.P.)
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Dittmar-Johnson HM, Cruz-López F, González-Camacho E, Chavarreti-Gutiérrez OM, Tejera-Morett A, Sánchez-García FJ, De Haro-Estrada J. PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF UPPER LUMBAR DISC HERNIATIONS IN OUR PRACTICE: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Coluna/Columna 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-185120222101259474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Upper lumbar disc herniations (ULDH) are considered infrequent injuries (1-11%). They present, most often in older adults, with special clinical features that make diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making difficult. The prevalence, location, and management of these herniations and the medical history of our patients were analyzed. Methods: Sex, age, injury level, previous surgery, and patient treatment data from July 2018 to May 2021 were collected retrospectively. During this period, 179 patients underwent surgery, 33 of whom patients presented ULDH. Results: Thirty-three patients were included in the study (18 male and 15 female). Ages ranged from 39 to 85 years, with a predominance of elderly patients. The levels operated were L1-L2 in seven patients, L2-L3 in ten patients, L3-L4 in fourteen patients, and surgery in two levels (L2-L3, L3-L4) in two patients. In our practice, microdiscectomy is the preferred approach and was performed in all cases, with the addition of fusion in four of the 33 patients. Finally, a history of low lumbar disc herniation (LLDH) surgery was found in 16 patients. Conclusions: In our population, ULDHs are a rare entity with lower prevalence at the higher lumbar levels. They occur more frequently in elderly patients and clinical presentation can vary, which is a challenge for surgeons. In older adults, the development of lumbar kyphosis due to vertebral wedging is considered a risk factor for the development of ULDH. Surgical management by microdiscectomy is considered a technique with good results for this pathology. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, observational study.
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Dittmar-Johnson HM, Cruz-López F, González-Camacho E, Chavarreti-Gutiérrez OM, Tejera-Morett A, Sánchez-García FJ, De Haro-Estrada J, Lira-Hernández EA. SURGICAL CORRECTION OF JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS. OUR PATIENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE. Coluna/Columna 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-185120222101259475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To report the results of our patients who underwent scoliosis correction surgery in relation to their quality of life. Introduction: Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis affects between 1 and 3% of the population during puberty. Treatment will be conservative in most cases. The goal of surgical treatment is to improve coronal and sagittal alignment. The SRS 22 questionnaire is a useful tool for assessing quality of life in these patients. Methods: A retrospective study of 22 patients submitted to corrective surgery for juvenile idiopathic scoliosis between October 2017 and January 2020 was conducted. All of them had curves greater than 45 degrees managed through instrumentation and arthrodesis. Post-surgical quality of life was assessed using the SRS 22 questionnaire. Results: The average age of our patients at the time of the intervention was 15.5 years with a predominance of female patients. The application of the SRS 22 questionnaire generated the following mean scores: pain 4.6, function 4.3, self-image 4.41, mental health 4.89, and satisfaction 5.0. Conclusions: The development of surgical techniques has allowed good results to be achieved in the treatment of scoliosis. The evaluation of our patients using the SRS 22 questionnaire reflects a good quality of life in the 5 parameters evaluated. The main limitations of this study were the small sample size and its retrospective nature. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective, longitudinal, descriptive, observational study.
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Pozsgai G, Ben Fekih I, Kohnen MV, Amrani S, Bérces S, Fülöp D, Jaber MYM, Meyling NV, Ruszkiewicz-Michalska M, Pfliegler WP, Sánchez-García FJ, Zhang J, Rensing C, Lövei GL, You M. Associations between carabid beetles and fungi in the light of 200 years of published literature. Sci Data 2021; 8:294. [PMID: 34737321 PMCID: PMC8569211 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Describing and conserving ecological interactions woven into ecosystems is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. Here, we present a unique dataset compiling the biotic interactions between two ecologically and economically important taxa: ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and fungi. The resulting dataset contains the carabid-fungus associations collected from 392 scientific publications, 129 countries, mostly from the Palearctic region, published over a period of 200 years. With an updated taxonomy to match the currently accepted nomenclature, 3,378 unique associations among 5,564 records were identified between 1,776 carabid and 676 fungal taxa. Ectoparasitic Laboulbeniales were the most frequent fungal group associated with carabids, especially with Trechinae. The proportion of entomopathogens was low. Three different formats of the data have been provided along with an interactive data digest platform for analytical purposes. Our database summarizes the current knowledge on biotic interactions between insects and fungi, while offering a valuable resource to test large-scale hypotheses on those interactions. Measurement(s) | species associations | Technology Type(s) | digital curation | Factor Type(s) | associations between Carabidae and Fungi | Sample Characteristic - Organism | Carabidae • Fungi • Laboulbeniales | Sample Characteristic - Location | global |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.14602770
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Pozsgai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, 9700-042, Azores, Portugal.
| | - Ibtissem Ben Fekih
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Markus V Kohnen
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Life Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Said Amrani
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Physiologie des Organismes, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediène, BP 32 El Alia, Alger, 16111, Algeria
| | - Sándor Bérces
- Duna-Ipoly National Park Directorate, Költő u. 21, H-1121, Budapest, Hungary.,Juhász-Nagy Pál Doctoral School, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Fülöp
- Department of Zoology, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Nagykovácsi út 26-30, H-1029, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mohammed Y M Jaber
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Nicolai Vitt Meyling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Malgorzata Ruszkiewicz-Michalska
- Department of Algology and Mycology Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, PL-90-237, Łódź, Poland
| | - Walter P Pfliegler
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Ecology, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Área de Biología Animal, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Gábor L Lövei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, Forsøgsvej 1, DK-4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Sánchez-García FJ, Pérez-Hernández CA, Rodríguez-Murillo M, Moreno-Altamirano MMB. The Role of Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolites in Viral Infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:725043. [PMID: 34595133 PMCID: PMC8476952 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.725043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cell metabolism is essential for the viral replication cycle and, therefore, for productive infection. Energy (ATP) is required for the receptor-mediated attachment of viral particles to susceptible cells and for their entry into the cytoplasm. Host cells must synthesize an array of biomolecules and engage in intracellular trafficking processes to enable viruses to complete their replication cycle. The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle has a key role in ATP production as well as in the synthesis of the biomolecules needed for viral replication. The final assembly and budding process of enveloped viruses, for instance, require lipids, and the TCA cycle provides the precursor (citrate) for fatty acid synthesis (FAS). Viral infections may induce host inflammation and TCA cycle metabolic intermediates participate in this process, notably citrate and succinate. On the other hand, viral infections may promote the synthesis of itaconate from TCA cis-aconitate. Itaconate harbors anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-microbial properties. Fumarate is another TCA cycle intermediate with immunoregulatory properties, and its derivatives such as dimethyl fumarate (DMF) are therapeutic candidates for the contention of virus-induced hyper-inflammation and oxidative stress. The TCA cycle is at the core of viral infection and replication as well as viral pathogenesis and anti-viral immunity. This review highlights the role of the TCA cycle in viral infections and explores recent advances in the fast-moving field of virometabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Celia Angélica Pérez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Murillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pérez-Hernández CA, Kern CC, Butkeviciute E, McCarthy E, Dockrell HM, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Aguilar-López BA, Bhosale G, Wang H, Gems D, Duchen MR, Smith SG, Sánchez-García FJ. Mitochondrial Signature in Human Monocytes and Resistance to Infection in C. elegans During Fumarate-Induced Innate Immune Training. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1715. [PMID: 32849605 PMCID: PMC7419614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes can develop immunological memory, a functional characteristic widely recognized as innate immune training, to distinguish it from memory in adaptive immune cells. Upon a secondary immune challenge, either homologous or heterologous, trained monocytes/macrophages exhibit a more robust production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, than untrained monocytes. Candida albicans, β-glucan, and BCG are all inducers of monocyte training and recent metabolic profiling analyses have revealed that training induction is dependent on glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and the cholesterol synthesis pathway, along with fumarate accumulation; interestingly, fumarate itself can induce training. Since fumarate is produced by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle within mitochondria, we asked whether extra-mitochondrial fumarate has an effect on mitochondrial function. Results showed that the addition of fumarate to monocytes induces mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, fusion, and increased membrane potential (Δψm), while mitochondrial cristae became closer to each other, suggesting that immediate (from minutes to hours) mitochondrial activation plays a role in the induction phase of innate immune training of monocytes. To establish whether fumarate induces similar mitochondrial changes in vivo in a multicellular organism, effects of fumarate supplementation were tested in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans. This induced mitochondrial fusion in both muscle and intestinal cells and also increased resistance to infection of the pharynx with E. coli. Together, these findings contribute to defining a mitochondrial signature associated with the induction of innate immune training by fumarate treatment, and to the understanding of whole organism infection resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Angélica Pérez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carina C Kern
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Egle Butkeviciute
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bruno A Aguilar-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gauri Bhosale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Aguilar-López BA, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Dockrell HM, Duchen MR, Sánchez-García FJ. Mitochondria: An Integrative Hub Coordinating Circadian Rhythms, Metabolism, the Microbiome, and Immunity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:51. [PMID: 32117978 PMCID: PMC7025554 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently some understanding of the mechanisms that underpin the interactions between circadian rhythmicity and immunity, metabolism and immune response, and circadian rhythmicity and metabolism. In addition, a wealth of studies have led to the conclusion that the commensal microbiota (mainly bacteria) within the intestine contributes to host homeostasis by regulating circadian rhythmicity, metabolism, and the immune system. Experimental studies on how these four biological domains interact with each other have mainly focused on any two of those domains at a time and only occasionally on three. However, a systematic analysis of how these four domains concurrently interact with each other seems to be missing. We have analyzed current evidence that signposts a role for mitochondria as a key hub that supports and integrates activity across all four domains, circadian clocks, metabolic pathways, the intestinal microbiota, and the immune system, coordinating their integration and crosstalk. This work will hopefully provide a new perspective for both hypothesis-building and more systematic experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Aguilar-López
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hazel M Dockrell
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Kolstoe SE, Sánchez-García FJ. Virus Control of Cell Metabolism for Replication and Evasion of Host Immune Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:95. [PMID: 31058096 PMCID: PMC6482253 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been significant advances in the understanding of the cross-talk between metabolism and immune responses. It is now evident that immune cell effector function strongly depends on the metabolic pathway in which cells are engaged in at a particular point in time, the activation conditions, and the cell microenvironment. It is also clear that some metabolic intermediates have signaling as well as effector properties and, hence, topics such as immunometabolism, metabolic reprograming, and metabolic symbiosis (among others) have emerged. Viruses completely rely on their host's cell energy and molecular machinery to enter, multiply, and exit for a new round of infection. This review explores how viruses mimic, exploit or interfere with host cell metabolic pathways and how, in doing so, they may evade immune responses. It offers a brief outline of key metabolic pathways, mitochondrial function and metabolism-related signaling pathways, followed by examples of the mechanisms by which several viral proteins regulate host cell metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Maximina B Moreno-Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Simon E Kolstoe
- School of Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Navas A, Magaña-Guerrero FS, Domínguez-López A, Chávez-García C, Partido G, Graue-Hernández EO, Sánchez-García FJ, Garfias Y. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fibrotic Effects of Human Amniotic Membrane Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Potential in Corneal Repair. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 7:906-917. [PMID: 30260581 PMCID: PMC6265633 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute ocular chemical burns are ophthalmic emergencies requiring immediate diagnosis and treatment as they may lead to permanent impairment of vision. The clinical manifestations of such burns are produced by exacerbated innate immune response via the infiltration of inflammatory cells and activation of stromal fibroblasts. New therapies are emerging that are dedicated to repair mechanisms that improve the ocular surface after damage; for example, transplantation of stem cells (SC) has been successfully reported for this purpose. The pursuit of easily accessible, noninvasive procedures to obtain SC has led researchers to focus on human tissues such as amniotic membrane. Human amniotic mesenchymal SC (hAM-MSC) inhibits proinflammatory and fibrotic processes in different diseases. hAM-MSC expresses low levels of classical MHC-I and they do not express MHC-II, making them suitable for regenerative medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracameral injection of hAM-MSC on the clinical manifestations, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and the activation of stromal fibroblasts in a corneal alkali-burn model. We also determined the in vitro effect of hAM-MSC conditioned medium (CM) on α-SMA+ human limbal myofibroblast (HLM) frequency and on release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Our results show that intracameral hAM-MSC injection reduces neovascularization, opacity, stromal inflammatory cell infiltrate, and stromal α-SMA+ cells in our model. Moreover, in in vitro assays, CM from hAM-MSC decreased the quantity of α-SMA+ HLM and the release of NETs. These results suggest that intracameral hAM-MSC injection induces an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic environment that promotes corneal wound healing. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2018;7:906-917.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Navas
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fátima Sofía Magaña-Guerrero
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Domínguez-López
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Chávez-García
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciela Partido
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique O Graue-Hernández
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Col Santo Tomás, Mexico
| | - Yonathan Garfias
- Research Unit, Cell and Tissue Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Prado-García H, Sánchez-García FJ. Editorial: Immuno-Metabolism in Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:374. [PMID: 28424698 PMCID: PMC5380665 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heriberto Prado-García
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Romero-Garcia S, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Prado-Garcia H, Sánchez-García FJ. Lactate Contribution to the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanisms, Effects on Immune Cells and Therapeutic Relevance. Front Immunol 2016; 7:52. [PMID: 26909082 PMCID: PMC4754406 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant transformation of cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake and the conversion of a larger fraction of pyruvate into lactate, even under normoxic conditions; this phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis is largely known as the Warburg effect. This metabolic reprograming serves to generate biosynthetic precursors, thus facilitating the survival of rapidly proliferating malignant cells. Extracellular lactate directs the metabolic reprograming of tumor cells, thereby serving as an additional selective pressure. Besides tumor cells, stromal cells are another source of lactate production in the tumor microenvironment, whose role in both tumor growth and the antitumor immune response is the subject of intense research. In this review, we provide an integral perspective of the relationship between lactate and the overall tumor microenvironment, from lactate structure to metabolic pathways for its synthesis, receptors, signaling pathways, lactate-producing cells, lactate-responding cells, and how all contribute to the tumor outcome. We discuss the role of lactate as an immunosuppressor molecule that contributes to tumor evasion and we explore the possibility of targeting lactate metabolism for cancer treatment, as well as of using lactate as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Romero-Garcia
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - María Maximina B Moreno-Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Heriberto Prado-Garcia
- Chronic-Degenerative Department, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases "Ismael Cosio Villegas" , Mexico City , Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City , Mexico
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Rodríguez-Espinosa O, Rojas-Espinosa O, Moreno-Altamirano MMB, López-Villegas EO, Sánchez-García FJ. Metabolic requirements for neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Immunology 2015; 145:213-24. [PMID: 25545227 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of the innate immune response, neutrophils are at the forefront of defence against infection, resolution of inflammation and wound healing. They are the most abundant leucocytes in the peripheral blood, have a short lifespan and an estimated turnover of 10(10) to 10(11) cells per day. Neutrophils efficiently clear microbial infections by phagocytosis and by oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms. In 2004, a new neutrophil anti-microbial mechanism was described, the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of DNA, histones and anti-microbial peptides. Several microorganisms, bacterial products, as well as pharmacological stimuli such as PMA, were shown to induce NETs. Neutrophils contain relatively few mitochondria, and derive most of their energy from glycolysis. In this scenario we aimed to analyse some of the metabolic requirements for NET formation. Here it is shown that NETs formation is strictly dependent on glucose and to a lesser extent on glutamine, that Glut-1, glucose uptake, and glycolysis rate increase upon PMA stimulation, and that NET formation is inhibited by the glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxy-glucose, and to a lesser extent by the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin. Moreover, when neutrophils were exposed to PMA in glucose-free medium for 3 hr, they lost their characteristic polymorphic nuclei but did not release NETs. However, if glucose (but not pyruvate) was added at this time, NET release took place within minutes, suggesting that NET formation could be metabolically divided into two phases; the first, independent from exogenous glucose (chromatin decondensation) and, the second (NET release), strictly dependent on exogenous glucose and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Rodríguez-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F, México; Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F, México
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14
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Orozco-Morales M, Sánchez-García FJ, Golán-Cancela I, Hernández-Pedro N, Costoya JA, de la Cruz VP, Moreno-Jiménez S, Sotelo J, Pineda B. RB mutation and RAS overexpression induce resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in glioma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:57. [PMID: 26146488 PMCID: PMC4491266 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Several theories aim to explain the malignant transformation of cells, including the mutation of tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes. Deletion of Rb (a tumor suppressor), overexpression of mutated Ras (a proto-oncogene), or both, are sufficient for in vitro gliomagenesis, and these genetic traits are associated with their proliferative capacity. An emerging hallmark of cancer is the ability of tumor cells to evade the immune system. Whether specific mutations are related with this, remains to be analyzed. To address this issue, three transformed glioma cell lines were obtained (Rb−/−, RasV12, and Rb−/−/RasV12) by in vitro retroviral transformation of astrocytes, as previously reported. In addition, RasV12 and Rb−/−/RasV12 transformed cells were injected into SCID mice and after tumor growth two stable glioma cell lines were derived. All these cells were characterized in terms of Rb and Ras gene expression, morphology, proliferative capacity, expression of MHC I, Rae1δ, and Rae1αβγδε, mult1, H60a, H60b, H60c, as ligands for NK cell receptors, and their susceptibility to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Our results show that transformation of astrocytes (Rb loss, Ras overexpression, or both) induced phenotypical and functional changes associated with resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, the transfer of cell lines of transformed astrocytes into SCID mice increased resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, thus suggesting that specific changes in a tumor suppressor (Rb) and a proto-oncogene (Ras) are enough to confer resistance to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in glioma cells and therefore provide some insight into the ability of tumor cells to evade immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Orozco-Morales
- Laboratorio de inmunorregulación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, DF Mexico ; Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, CIMUS; IDIS Departamento de Fisioloxia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av de Barcelona s/n 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de inmunorregulación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Irene Golán-Cancela
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, CIMUS; IDIS Departamento de Fisioloxia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av de Barcelona s/n 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Norma Hernández-Pedro
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose A Costoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory MOL, CIMUS; IDIS Departamento de Fisioloxia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av de Barcelona s/n 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Moreno-Jiménez
- Neuroradiosurgery, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, DF Mexico
| | - Julio Sotelo
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Pineda
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Insurgentes sur 3877, 14269 Mexico City, Mexico
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Machado V, Rodríguez-García MJ, Sánchez-García FJ, Galián J. RNA Interference: A new Strategy in the Evolutionary Arms Race Between Human Control Strategies and Insect Pests. Folia Biol (Praha) 2014; 62:335-43. [DOI: 10.3409/fb62_4.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Paredes-González IS, Espitia C, Santiago-Maldonado M, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez-García FJ. Bioinformatic identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins likely to target host cell mitochondria: virulence factors? Microb Inform Exp 2012; 2:9. [PMID: 23259719 PMCID: PMC3563495 DOI: 10.1186/2042-5783-2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background M. tuberculosis infection either induces or inhibits host cell death, depending on the bacterial strain and the cell microenvironment. There is evidence suggesting a role for mitochondria in these processes. On the other hand, it has been shown that several bacterial proteins are able to target mitochondria, playing a critical role in bacterial pathogenesis and modulation of cell death. However, mycobacteria–derived proteins able to target host cell mitochondria are less studied. Results A bioinformaic analysis based on available genomic sequences of the common laboratory virulent reference strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, the avirulent strain H37Ra, the clinical isolate CDC1551, and M. bovis BCG Pasteur strain 1173P2, as well as of suitable bioinformatic tools (MitoProt II, PSORT II, and SignalP) for the in silico search for proteins likely to be secreted by mycobacteria that could target host cell mitochondria, showed that at least 19 M. tuberculosis proteins could possibly target host cell mitochondria. We experimentally tested this bioinformatic prediction on four M. tuberculosis recombinant proteins chosen from this list of 19 proteins (p27, PE_PGRS1, PE_PGRS33, and MT_1866). Confocal microscopy analyses showed that p27, and PE_PGRS33 proteins colocalize with mitochondria. Conclusions Based on the bioinformatic analysis of whole M. tuberculosis genome sequences, we propose that at least 19 out of 4,246 M. tuberculosis predicted proteins would be able to target host cell mitochondria and, in turn, control mitochondrial physiology. Interestingly, such a list of 19 proteins includes five members of a mycobacteria specific family of proteins (PE/PE_PGRS) thought to be virulence factors, and p27, a well known virulence factor. P27, and PE_PGRS33 proteins experimentally showed to target mitochondria in J774 cells. Our results suggest a link between mitochondrial targeting of M. tuberculosis proteins and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Maximina Bertha Moreno-Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col, Sto, Tomás, México D,F, México.
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17
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Canche-Pool EB, Cortez-Gómez R, Flores-Mejía R, González-González E, González-Serrano ME, Lara-Rodríguez MC, Ledesma-Soto Y, Mendoza-Aguilar MD, Meza-Sánchez DE, Sánchez-García FJ, Silva-Sánchez A, Thompson-Bonilla MR, Trujillo-Vizuet MG, Wong-Baeza I. Probiotics and autoimmunity: an evolutionary perspective. Med Hypotheses 2007; 70:657-60. [PMID: 17720327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are microorganisms that have demonstrated beneficial effects on human health. Probiotics are usually isolated from the commensal microflora that inhabits the skin and mucosas. We propose that probiotics represent the species of microorganisms that have established a symbiotic relationship with humans for the longest time. Cultural practices of ancient human societies used to favor that symbiosis and the transmission of probiotics from generation to generation. New practices, introduced as a result of industrialization, such as childbirth by surgical delivery, ingestion of pasteurized and synthetic compounds-supplemented food, cleaner homes, indiscriminate use of antibiotics and so on, have led in recent years to the replacement of probiotics by other microorganisms that are not as well adapted to the microenvironments of the human body. These newly settled microorganisms lack many of the beneficial effects of probiotics. Our hypothesis is that the sudden change (from an evolutive perspective) in human intestinal microflora may importantly contribute to the rise in the incidence of autoimmune diseases, observed in the last half a century.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Canche-Pool
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto. Tomás, México DF 11340, Mexico
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18
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Moreno-Altamirano MMB, Romano M, Legorreta-Herrera M, Sánchez-García FJ, Colston MJ. Gene Expression in Human Macrophages Infected with Dengue Virus Serotype-2. Scand J Immunol 2004; 60:631-8. [PMID: 15584975 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infection by any of the four serotypes of dengue viruses (DEN-1, -2, -3 and -4) may result in either a relatively benign fever, called dengue fever (DF), a fatal disease, such as dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Several lines of evidence suggest that soluble immune response mediators may be involved in the severity of dengue infections. For instance, elevated seric levels of IL-8 are a common feature in DHF patients. Because other chemokines, cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokine and cytokine receptors, as well as cytokine-related molecules may also be involved in dengue virus pathogenesis, we aimed at analysing the gene expression of such molecules in the course of an in vitro DEN-2 infection of human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages, a cell type regarded as a primary target for DEN. Nylon membrane gene arrays containing 375 different human cytokine-related genes were used as a first step to search for differentially expressed genes upon infection. Transcripts for IL-8, IL-1beta, osteopontin, GRO-alpha, -beta and -gamma, I-309, and some other molecules showed to be upregulated upon infection, whereas others such as MIC-1, CD27L and CD30L, were downregulated. Four genes were selected for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction based gene-expression analysis as a way to partially confirm microarray results. This approach pointed out 25 macrophage-expressed cytokine-related genes that could be relevant in DEN-2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M B Moreno-Altamirano
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México.
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Maldonado-García G, Chico-Ortiz M, Lopez-Marin LM, Sánchez-García FJ. High-Polarity Mycobacterium avium-Derived Lipids Interact with Murine Macrophage Lipid Rafts. Scand J Immunol 2004; 60:463-70. [PMID: 15541038 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01511.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) are widely recognized as portals for pathogenic micro-organisms. A growing body of evidence demonstrates mobilization of host plasma cell membrane lipid rafts towards the site of contact with several pathogens as well as a strict dependence on cholesterol for appropriate internalization. The fate of lipid rafts once the pathogen has been internalized and the nature of the pathogen components that interact with them is however less understood. To address both these issues, infection of the J774 murine cell line with Mycobacterium avium was used as a model. After demonstrating that M. avium induces lipid raft mobilization and that M. avium infects J774 by a cholesterol-dependent mechanism, it is shown here that mycobacterial phagosomes harbour lipid rafts, which are, at least in part, of plasma cell membrane origin. On the other hand, by using latex microbeads coated with any of the three fractions of M. avium-derived lipids of different polarity, we provide evidence that high-polarity, in contrast to low-polarity and intermediate-polarity, mycobacterial lipids or uncoated latex beads have a strong capacity to induce lipid raft mobilization. These results suggest that high-polarity mycobacterial lipid(s) interact with host cell cholesterol-enriched microdomains which may in turn influence the course of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maldonado-García
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
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Abarca-Rojano E, Rosas-Medina P, Zamudio-Cortéz P, Mondragón-Flores R, Sánchez-García FJ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence correlates with mitochondrial cytochrome c release in infected macrophages. Scand J Immunol 2003; 58:419-27. [PMID: 14507307 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are at the centre of molecular events involved in energy production, cell survival and apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim) is maintained by cellular catabolic reactions and the electron transport chain of which cytochrome c is a constituent, whereas the proton leak pathway, ATP synthesis and turnover consume it. Mitochondrial alterations such as a drop in Deltapsim, swelling and cytochrome c release have been observed in apoptosis. However, there is a paucity of information concerning mitochondrial function in the course of intracellular infections, a process that must certainly induce stress on the host cell. This work analyses the effect that two strains of mycobacteria of opposing virulence have on the mitochondria of murine macrophages in the early stages of infection. It was found that infection of J774 cells with both Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and M. tuberculosis H37Rv readily induced changes in Deltapsim as well as in mitochondrial morphology at the ultrastructural level. In addition, an increase in cytosolic ATP was found at 24 h post infection with both strains of M. tuberculosis. Interestingly, only M. tuberculosis H37Rv was able to induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytosol, thus suggesting the occurrence in M. tuberculosis H37Rv of a specific factor(s) capable of regulating cytochrome c translocation. The precise role of cytochrome c release in the context of a mycobacterial infection remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abarca-Rojano
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
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Tovar-Rivera T, Sánchez-Colón S, Padierna-Olivos L, Massó-Rojas F, Estrada-Parra S, Mondragón-González R, Jiménez-Martínez MC, Sánchez-García FJ. Connectivity patterns in tuberculosis and leprosy patients are indistinguishable from that of healthy donors. Scand J Immunol 2001; 53:520-7. [PMID: 11309162 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00918.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Connectivity, the self-defined interactions between antigen-recognising molecules in a network system can in part be assessed by measuring the reactivity of a given serum against an ordered set of immunoglobulin (Ig)G F(ab')2 fractions, separated by means of isoelectric focusing so that, the serum reactivity against the whole set of fractions defines a characteristic pattern of connectivity. Deviations from the normal condition (healthy donors) have so far been documented for two autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and pemphigus vulgaris, as well as for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection. We tested here if bacterial infections lead to alterations in connectivity. In addition, we wanted to test if two antigenically related bacteria would produce similar or otherwise distinctive connectivity patterns. Connectivity analysis was applied on the sera from tuberculosis and leprosy patients and the sera from healthy donors were used as control. No statistically significant differences between the three groups studied were found. These results have implications for theories that set the origin of autoimmune diseases in microbial infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze the connectivity status in bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tovar-Rivera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
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22
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Padierna-Olivos L, Moreno-Altamirano MM, Sánchez-Colón S, Massó-Rojas F, Sánchez-García FJ. Connectivity and HIV-1 infection: role of CD4(+) T-cell counts and HIV-1 RNA copy number. Scand J Immunol 2000; 52:618-27. [PMID: 11119269 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2000.00812.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Following primary infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1, antibodies against specific HIV-1 epitopes are elicited. However, non-HIV-1 specific antibodies, including autoantibodies, also arise. In fact, it has been proposed that such autoantibodies have an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. Because an imbalance in connectivity has been associated with autoimmune processes, we investigated the connectivity status of HIV-1-infected individuals. Moreover, we tested the possible role of viral load and CD4(+) T-cell counts, in connectivity, because these parameters appear to be important in the prognosis of HIV-1 infection. Results show that indeed, there is an alteration in connectivity in these patients, both for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM, which is an immune alteration not previously identified in HIV-1 infection. In addition, our results show that viral load and CD4(+) T-cell counts are both equally important in defining the characteristic pattern of connectivity in HIV-1-infected individuals, and that neither is independently responsible for alterations in patient connectivity status.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Padierna-Olivos
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., México
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Pacheco-García U, Tovar-Rivera T, Padierna-Olivos L, Rojas-Espinosa O, Sánchez-Colón S, Gutiérrez-Armenta M, Rivera-Benítez C, Masso-Rojas F, Sánchez-García FJ. Altered pattern of connectivity in serum immunoglobulins from pemphigus vulgaris patients. Scand J Immunol 1999; 49:424-30. [PMID: 10219770 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris is a cutaneous autoimmune disease in which the occurrence of autoantibodies directed against desmoglein-3 and other self-antigens has been well established in patient sera. However, V-region interactions (connectivity) of serum IgG and IgM have not been analysed to date. In this report, it has been demonstrated that IgG and IgM in the sera of pemphigus vulgaris patients bind a preparation of F(ab')2 fragments fractionated according to their isoelectric points, and that a pattern of connectivity distinguishable from that of healthy donor sera arises when the sera are tested against 20 individual isoelectric-focusing-separated F(ab')2-containing fractions. This suggests that there are alterations in regulatory networks. In spite of the fact that prednisolone-based treatment of pemphigus patients has proved to be effective in controlling the disease, some undesirable effects associated with this form of treatment have prompted investigation into other therapeutic approaches. One possible approach to the treatment of this autoimmune disease is the use of high doses of normal polyclonal immunoglobulins. In fact there are a few reports of the empirical intravenous administration of immunoglobulins to pemphigus vulgaris patients. The results presented here provide the rational basis for using such a treatment, since it is demonstrated that a deviation from healthy V-region interactions can be attributed to pemphigus patients and that such a condition is considered to be modified by this type of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Pacheco-García
- Departamento de Immunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Naciona, México DF
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