1
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Keetz LT, Lieungh E, Karimi-Asli K, Geange SR, Gelati E, Tang H, Yilmaz YA, Aas KS, Althuizen IHJ, Bryn A, Falk S, Fisher R, Fouilloux A, Horvath P, Indrehus S, Lee H, Lombardozzi D, Parmentier FJW, Pirk N, Vandvik V, Vollsnes AV, Skarpaas O, Stordal F, Tallaksen LM. Climate-ecosystem modelling made easy: The Land Sites Platform. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:4440-4452. [PMID: 37303068 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) provide a state-of-the-art process-based approach to study the complex interplay between vegetation and its physical environment. For example, they help to predict how terrestrial plants interact with climate, soils, disturbance and competition for resources. We argue that there is untapped potential for the use of DGVMs in ecological and ecophysiological research. One fundamental barrier to realize this potential is that many researchers with relevant expertize (ecology, plant physiology, soil science, etc.) lack access to the technical resources or awareness of the research potential of DGVMs. Here we present the Land Sites Platform (LSP): new software that facilitates single-site simulations with the Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator, an advanced DGVM coupled with the Community Land Model. The LSP includes a Graphical User Interface and an Application Programming Interface, which improve the user experience and lower the technical thresholds for installing these model architectures and setting up model experiments. The software is distributed via version-controlled containers; researchers and students can run simulations directly on their personal computers or servers, with relatively low hardware requirements, and on different operating systems. Version 1.0 of the LSP supports site-level simulations. We provide input data for 20 established geo-ecological observation sites in Norway and workflows to add generic sites from public global datasets. The LSP makes standard model experiments with default data easily achievable (e.g., for educational or introductory purposes) while retaining flexibility for more advanced scientific uses. We further provide tools to visualize the model input and output, including simple examples to relate predictions to local observations. The LSP improves access to land surface and DGVM modelling as a building block of community cyberinfrastructure that may inspire new avenues for mechanistic ecosystem research across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse T Keetz
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Lieungh
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sonya R Geange
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Hui Tang
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yeliz A Yilmaz
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil S Aas
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge H J Althuizen
- Division of Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Bryn
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stefanie Falk
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosie Fisher
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Peter Horvath
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Hanna Lee
- Division of Climate and Environment, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pirk
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ane V Vollsnes
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Skarpaas
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Stordal
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Watts JD, Farina M, Kimball JS, Schiferl LD, Liu Z, Arndt KA, Zona D, Ballantyne A, Euskirchen ES, Parmentier FJW, Helbig M, Sonnentag O, Tagesson T, Rinne J, Ikawa H, Ueyama M, Kobayashi H, Sachs T, Nadeau DF, Kochendorfer J, Jackowicz-Korczynski M, Virkkala A, Aurela M, Commane R, Byrne B, Birch L, Johnson MS, Madani N, Rogers B, Du J, Endsley A, Savage K, Poulter B, Zhang Z, Bruhwiler LM, Miller CE, Goetz S, Oechel WC. Carbon uptake in Eurasian boreal forests dominates the high-latitude net ecosystem carbon budget. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:1870-1889. [PMID: 36647630 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arctic-boreal landscapes are experiencing profound warming, along with changes in ecosystem moisture status and disturbance from fire. This region is of global importance in terms of carbon feedbacks to climate, yet the sign (sink or source) and magnitude of the Arctic-boreal carbon budget within recent years remains highly uncertain. Here, we provide new estimates of recent (2003-2015) vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (Reco ), net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE; Reco - GPP), and terrestrial methane (CH4 ) emissions for the Arctic-boreal zone using a satellite data-driven process-model for northern ecosystems (TCFM-Arctic), calibrated and evaluated using measurements from >60 tower eddy covariance (EC) sites. We used TCFM-Arctic to obtain daily 1-km2 flux estimates and annual carbon budgets for the pan-Arctic-boreal region. Across the domain, the model indicated an overall average NEE sink of -850 Tg CO2 -C year-1 . Eurasian boreal zones, especially those in Siberia, contributed to a majority of the net sink. In contrast, the tundra biome was relatively carbon neutral (ranging from small sink to source). Regional CH4 emissions from tundra and boreal wetlands (not accounting for aquatic CH4 ) were estimated at 35 Tg CH4 -C year-1 . Accounting for additional emissions from open water aquatic bodies and from fire, using available estimates from the literature, reduced the total regional NEE sink by 21% and shifted many far northern tundra landscapes, and some boreal forests, to a net carbon source. This assessment, based on in situ observations and models, improves our understanding of the high-latitude carbon status and also indicates a continued need for integrated site-to-regional assessments to monitor the vulnerability of these ecosystems to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Farina
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - John S Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Luke D Schiferl
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kyle A Arndt
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
- Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ashley Ballantyne
- Global Climate and Ecology Laboratory, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, Center for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manuel Helbig
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Rinne
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hiroki Ikawa
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hideki Kobayashi
- JAMSTEC-Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geoscience, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel F Nadeau
- Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Kochendorfer
- NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric and Turbulent Diffusion Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anna Virkkala
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mika Aurela
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roisin Commane
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Brendan Byrne
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Leah Birch
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew S Johnson
- Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Brendan Rogers
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Arthur Endsley
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), ISB 415, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kathleen Savage
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lori M Bruhwiler
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Charles E Miller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Scott Goetz
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Walter C Oechel
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology, Physical Sciences 240, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Oehri J, Schaepman-Strub G, Kim JS, Grysko R, Kropp H, Grünberg I, Zemlianskii V, Sonnentag O, Euskirchen ES, Reji Chacko M, Muscari G, Blanken PD, Dean JF, di Sarra A, Harding RJ, Sobota I, Kutzbach L, Plekhanova E, Riihelä A, Boike J, Miller NB, Beringer J, López-Blanco E, Stoy PC, Sullivan RC, Kejna M, Parmentier FJW, Gamon JA, Mastepanov M, Wille C, Jackowicz-Korczynski M, Karger DN, Quinton WL, Putkonen J, van As D, Christensen TR, Hakuba MZ, Stone RS, Metzger S, Vandecrux B, Frost GV, Wild M, Hansen B, Meloni D, Domine F, te Beest M, Sachs T, Kalhori A, Rocha AV, Williamson SN, Morris S, Atchley AL, Essery R, Runkle BRK, Holl D, Riihimaki LD, Iwata H, Schuur EAG, Cox CJ, Grachev AA, McFadden JP, Fausto RS, Göckede M, Ueyama M, Pirk N, de Boer G, Bret-Harte MS, Leppäranta M, Steffen K, Friborg T, Ohmura A, Edgar CW, Olofsson J, Chambers SD. Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6379. [PMID: 36316310 PMCID: PMC9622844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994-2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm-2) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Oehri
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Docteur Penfield, H3A 1B1 Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Gabriela Schaepman-Strub
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.35030.350000 0004 1792 6846Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave, Kowloon Tong, Hongkong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Raleigh Grysko
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Heather Kropp
- grid.256766.60000 0004 1936 7881Environmental Studies Program, Hamilton College, 198 College Hill Rd, Clinton, NY USA
| | - Inge Grünberg
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Permafrost Research Section, Alfred-Wegener Institute, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam Germany
| | - Vitalii Zemlianskii
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4 Canada
| | - Eugénie S. Euskirchen
- grid.70738.3b0000 0004 1936 981XInstitute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Merin Reji Chacko
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, CHN, Universitätstrasse 16, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533Land Change Science Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, ZH Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Muscari
- grid.410348.a0000 0001 2300 5064Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata, 605 Rome, Italy
| | - Peter D. Blanken
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Joshua F. Dean
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Rd, Bristol, UK
| | - Alcide di Sarra
- grid.5196.b0000 0000 9864 2490Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Via Enrico Fermi 45, Frascati, Italy
| | - Richard J. Harding
- grid.494924.60000 0001 1089 2266UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), MacLean Bldg, Benson Ln, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, UK
| | - Ireneusz Sobota
- grid.5374.50000 0001 0943 6490Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska, 87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Lars Kutzbach
- grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elena Plekhanova
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aku Riihelä
- grid.8657.c0000 0001 2253 8678Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Boike
- grid.10894.340000 0001 1033 7684Permafrost Research Section, Alfred-Wegener Institute, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam Germany ,grid.7468.d0000 0001 2248 7639Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathaniel B. Miller
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Jason Beringer
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009 WA Australia
| | - Efrén López-Blanco
- grid.424543.00000 0001 0741 5039Department of Environment and Minerals, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, Nuuk, 3900 Greenland ,grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Paul C. Stoy
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Ryan C. Sullivan
- grid.187073.a0000 0001 1939 4845Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL USA
| | - Marek Kejna
- grid.5374.50000 0001 0943 6490Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska, 87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Frans-Jan W. Parmentier
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Center for Biogeochemistry of the Anthropocene, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 1, 0371 Oslo, Norway ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Geocentrum II, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - John A. Gamon
- grid.24434.350000 0004 1937 0060University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 1400 R St, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - Mikhail Mastepanov
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Oulanka Research Station, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Christian Wille
- grid.23731.340000 0000 9195 2461GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam Germany
| | - Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Geocentrum II, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dirk N. Karger
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, ZH Switzerland
| | - William L. Quinton
- grid.268252.90000 0001 1958 9263Cold Regions Research Centre, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Jaakko Putkonen
- grid.266862.e0000 0004 1936 8163Harold Hamm School of Geology and Geological Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Dirk van As
- grid.13508.3f0000 0001 1017 5662Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Nordre Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Oulanka Research Station, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Maria Z. Hakuba
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CalTech, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Robert S. Stone
- grid.423024.30000 0000 8485 3852NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Stefan Metzger
- grid.422235.00000 0004 6483 1479National Ecological Observatory Network, Battelle, 1685 38th St #100, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI USA
| | - Baptiste Vandecrux
- grid.13508.3f0000 0001 1017 5662Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerald V. Frost
- grid.487865.00000 0004 5928 6410Alaska Biological Research, Inc, 2842 Goldstream Rd, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Martin Wild
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, CHN, Universitätstrasse 16, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Birger Hansen
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Daniela Meloni
- grid.5196.b0000 0000 9864 2490Department for Sustainability, ENEA, Lungotevere Grande Ammiraglio Thaon di Revel, 76, Rome, Italy
| | - Florent Domine
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 Av. de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Takuvik Laboratory, CNRS-INSU, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 Av. de la Médecine, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada
| | - Mariska te Beest
- grid.5477.10000000120346234Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Vening Meinesz Building, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.412139.c0000 0001 2191 3608Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Summerstrand, Gqeberha, 6019 Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Torsten Sachs
- grid.23731.340000 0000 9195 2461GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam Germany
| | - Aram Kalhori
- grid.23731.340000 0000 9195 2461GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam Germany
| | - Adrian V. Rocha
- grid.131063.60000 0001 2168 0066Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Scott N. Williamson
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Polar Knowledge Canada, Canadian High Arctic Research Station, 1 rue Uvajuq place, CP 2150 Cambridge Bay, NU Canada
| | - Sara Morris
- grid.511342.0NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Adam L. Atchley
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bikini Atoll Rd., SM 30, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Richard Essery
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond St, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP UK
| | - Benjamin R. K. Runkle
- grid.411017.20000 0001 2151 0999Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1164 W Maple St, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - David Holl
- grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura D. Riihimaki
- grid.423024.30000 0000 8485 3852NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.266190.a0000000096214564CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences), 216 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder Campus, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- grid.263518.b0000 0001 1507 4692Department of Environmental Science, Shinshu University, 3 Chome-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621 Japan
| | - Edward A. G. Schuur
- grid.261120.60000 0004 1936 8040Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ USA
| | - Christopher J. Cox
- grid.511342.0NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Andrey A. Grachev
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Owen Rd, White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, NM USA
| | - Joseph P. McFadden
- grid.133342.40000 0004 1936 9676Department of Geography and Earth Research Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, 5816 Ellison Hall, Isla Vista, CA USA
| | - Robert S. Fausto
- grid.13508.3f0000 0001 1017 5662Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias Göckede
- grid.419500.90000 0004 0491 7318Department of Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Kita Ward, Umeda, 1 Chome−2 − 2-600, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norbert Pirk
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 1, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gijs de Boer
- grid.511342.0NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.266190.a0000000096214564CIRES (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences), 216 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder Campus, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.266190.a0000000096214564IRISS (Integrated Remote and In Situ Sensing), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - M. Syndonia Bret-Harte
- grid.70738.3b0000 0004 1936 981XInstitute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Matti Leppäranta
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konrad Steffen
- grid.419754.a0000 0001 2259 5533Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, ZH Switzerland
| | - Thomas Friborg
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Atsumu Ohmura
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, CHN, Universitätstrasse 16, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Colin W. Edgar
- grid.70738.3b0000 0004 1936 981XInstitute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - Johan Olofsson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 4-6, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Scott D. Chambers
- grid.1089.00000 0004 0432 8812ANSTO Lucas Heights, New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights NSW, 2234 Sydney, NSW Australia
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4
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Virkkala AM, Aalto J, Rogers BM, Tagesson T, Treat CC, Natali SM, Watts JD, Potter S, Lehtonen A, Mauritz M, Schuur EAG, Kochendorfer J, Zona D, Oechel W, Kobayashi H, Humphreys E, Goeckede M, Iwata H, Lafleur PM, Euskirchen ES, Bokhorst S, Marushchak M, Martikainen PJ, Elberling B, Voigt C, Biasi C, Sonnentag O, Parmentier FJW, Ueyama M, Celis G, St Louis VL, Emmerton CA, Peichl M, Chi J, Järveoja J, Nilsson MB, Oberbauer SF, Torn MS, Park SJ, Dolman H, Mammarella I, Chae N, Poyatos R, López-Blanco E, Christensen TR, Kwon MJ, Sachs T, Holl D, Luoto M. Statistical upscaling of ecosystem CO 2 fluxes across the terrestrial tundra and boreal domain: Regional patterns and uncertainties. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:4040-4059. [PMID: 33913236 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The regional variability in tundra and boreal carbon dioxide (CO2 ) fluxes can be high, complicating efforts to quantify sink-source patterns across the entire region. Statistical models are increasingly used to predict (i.e., upscale) CO2 fluxes across large spatial domains, but the reliability of different modeling techniques, each with different specifications and assumptions, has not been assessed in detail. Here, we compile eddy covariance and chamber measurements of annual and growing season CO2 fluxes of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) during 1990-2015 from 148 terrestrial high-latitude (i.e., tundra and boreal) sites to analyze the spatial patterns and drivers of CO2 fluxes and test the accuracy and uncertainty of different statistical models. CO2 fluxes were upscaled at relatively high spatial resolution (1 km2 ) across the high-latitude region using five commonly used statistical models and their ensemble, that is, the median of all five models, using climatic, vegetation, and soil predictors. We found the performance of machine learning and ensemble predictions to outperform traditional regression methods. We also found the predictive performance of NEE-focused models to be low, relative to models predicting GPP and ER. Our data compilation and ensemble predictions showed that CO2 sink strength was larger in the boreal biome (observed and predicted average annual NEE -46 and -29 g C m-2 yr-1 , respectively) compared to tundra (average annual NEE +10 and -2 g C m-2 yr-1 ). This pattern was associated with large spatial variability, reflecting local heterogeneity in soil organic carbon stocks, climate, and vegetation productivity. The terrestrial ecosystem CO2 budget, estimated using the annual NEE ensemble prediction, suggests the high-latitude region was on average an annual CO2 sink during 1990-2015, although uncertainty remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Virkkala
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA
| | - Juha Aalto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Weather and Climate Change Impact Research, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claire C Treat
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edward A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - John Kochendorfer
- Atmosperic Turbulence and Diffusion Division of NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Walter Oechel
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokoama, Japan
| | | | - Mathias Goeckede
- Dept. Biogeochemical Signals, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Hiroki Iwata
- Department of Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Peter M Lafleur
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stef Bokhorst
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maija Marushchak
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pertti J Martikainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Voigt
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Biasi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Département de géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Biogeochemistry in the Anthropocene, Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Gerardo Celis
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vincent L St Louis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Craig A Emmerton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jinshu Chi
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats B Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Sang-Jong Park
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Dolman
- Department of Earth Sciences, Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Namyi Chae
- Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Efrén López-Blanco
- Department of Environment and Minerals, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Center, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Min Jung Kwon
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
| | - David Holl
- Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miska Luoto
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Natali SM, Watts JD, Rogers BM, Potter S, Ludwig SM, Selbmann AK, Sullivan PF, Abbott BW, Arndt KA, Birch L, Björkman MP, Bloom AA, Celis G, Christensen TR, Christiansen CT, Commane R, Cooper EJ, Crill P, Czimczik C, Davydov S, Du J, Egan JE, Elberling B, Euskirchen ES, Friborg T, Genet H, Göckede M, Goodrich JP, Grogan P, Helbig M, Jafarov EE, Jastrow JD, Kalhori AAM, Kim Y, Kimball J, Kutzbach L, Lara MJ, Larsen KS, Lee BY, Liu Z, Loranty MM, Lund M, Lupascu M, Madani N, Malhotra A, Matamala R, McFarland J, McGuire AD, Michelsen A, Minions C, Oechel WC, Olefeldt D, Parmentier FJW, Pirk N, Poulter B, Quinton W, Rezanezhad F, Risk D, Sachs T, Schaefer K, Schmidt NM, Schuur EA, Semenchuk PR, Shaver G, Sonnentag O, Starr G, Treat CC, Waldrop MP, Wang Y, Welker J, Wille C, Xu X, Zhang Z, Zhuang Q, Zona D. Large loss of CO 2 in winter observed across the northern permafrost region. Nat Clim Chang 2019; 9:852-857. [PMID: 35069807 PMCID: PMC8781060 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-019-0592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent warming in the Arctic, which has been amplified during the winter1-3, greatly enhances microbial decomposition of soil organic matter and subsequent release of carbon dioxide (CO2)4. However, the amount of CO2 released in winter is highly uncertain and has not been well represented by ecosystem models or by empirically-based estimates5,6. Here we synthesize regional in situ observations of CO2 flux from arctic and boreal soils to assess current and future winter carbon losses from the northern permafrost domain. We estimate a contemporary loss of 1662 Tg C yr-1 from the permafrost region during the winter season (October through April). This loss is greater than the average growing season carbon uptake for this region estimated from process models (-1032 Tg C yr-1). Extending model predictions to warmer conditions in 2100 indicates that winter CO2 emissions will increase 17% under a moderate mitigation scenario-Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5-and 41% under business-as-usual emissions scenario-RCP 8.5. Our results provide a new baseline for winter CO2 emissions from northern terrestrial regions and indicate that enhanced soil CO2 loss due to winter warming may offset growing season carbon uptake under future climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan. M. Natali
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
- Correspondence to:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508. USA
| | - Benjamin W. Abbott
- Brigham Young University, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Kyle A. Arndt
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Leah Birch
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
| | - Mats P. Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 460, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - A. Anthony Bloom
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Gerardo Celis
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Roisin Commane
- Dept. of Earth & Environmental Sciences of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Elisabeth J. Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT. The Arctic University of Norway, N9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Patrick Crill
- Dept. of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Claudia Czimczik
- Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sergey Davydov
- Northeast Science Station, Pacific Geographical Institute, Cherskii, Russia
| | - Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jocelyn E. Egan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eugenie S. Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Thomas Friborg
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hélène Genet
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | - Jordan P. Goodrich
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Paul Grogan
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Helbig
- McMaster University, School of Geography and Earth Sciences, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, 520 chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H2V 2B8
| | - Elchin E. Jafarov
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Julie D. Jastrow
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Aram A. M. Kalhori
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Yongwon Kim
- International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - John Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Lars Kutzbach
- Institute of Soil Science, Universät Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mark J. Lara
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Klaus S. Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bang-Yong Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea)
| | - Zhihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | | | - Magnus Lund
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Massimo Lupascu
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570
| | - Nima Madani
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Roser Matamala
- Environmental Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jack McFarland
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A. David McGuire
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | | | | | - Walter C. Oechel
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - David Olefeldt
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frans-Jan W. Parmentier
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pirk
- Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ben Poulter
- NASA GSFC, Biospheric Sciences Lab., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | | | - Fereidoun Rezanezhad
- Ecohydrology Research Group, Water Institute and Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - David Risk
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kevin Schaefer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Niels M. Schmidt
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Edward A.G. Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - Philipp R. Semenchuk
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape Ecology, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaius Shaver
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Oliver Sonnentag
- Université de Montréal, Département de géographie & Centre d’études nordiques, 520 chemin de la Côte Sainte Catherine, Montréal, QC H2V 2B8
| | - Gregory Starr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Claire C. Treat
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Mark P. Waldrop
- Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yihui Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Jeffrey Welker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland and UArctic
| | - Christian Wille
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Donatella Zona
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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6
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Pirk N, Mastepanov M, López-Blanco E, Christensen LH, Christiansen HH, Hansen BU, Lund M, Parmentier FJW, Skov K, Christensen TR. Toward a statistical description of methane emissions from arctic wetlands. Ambio 2017; 46:70-80. [PMID: 28116692 PMCID: PMC5258667 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0893-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from arctic tundra typically follow relations with soil temperature and water table depth, but these process-based descriptions can be difficult to apply to areas where no measurements exist. We formulated a description of the broader temporal flux pattern in the growing season based on two distinct CH4 source components from slow and fast-turnover carbon. We used automatic closed chamber flux measurements from NE Greenland (74°N), W Greenland (64°N), and Svalbard (78°N) to identify and discuss these components. The temporal separation was well-suited in NE Greenland, where the hypothesized slow-turnover carbon peaked at a time significantly related to the timing of snowmelt. The temporally wider component from fast-turnover carbon dominated the emissions in W Greenland and Svalbard. Altogether, we found no dependence of the total seasonal CH4 budget to the timing of snowmelt, and warmer sites and years tended to yield higher CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Pirk
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Mastepanov
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Efrén López-Blanco
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Hanne H. Christiansen
- Arctic Geology Department, The University Centre in Svalbard, UNIS, P.O. Box 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Birger Ulf Hansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Magnus Lund
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Kirstine Skov
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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7
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Parmentier FJW, Christensen TR, Rysgaard S, Bendtsen J, Glud RN, Else B, van Huissteden J, Sachs T, Vonk JE, Sejr MK. A synthesis of the arctic terrestrial and marine carbon cycles under pressure from a dwindling cryosphere. Ambio 2017; 46:53-69. [PMID: 28116680 PMCID: PMC5258664 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-016-0872-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The current downturn of the arctic cryosphere, such as the strong loss of sea ice, melting of ice sheets and glaciers, and permafrost thaw, affects the marine and terrestrial carbon cycles in numerous interconnected ways. Nonetheless, processes in the ocean and on land have been too often considered in isolation while it has become increasingly clear that the two environments are strongly connected: Sea ice decline is one of the main causes of the rapid warming of the Arctic, and the flow of carbon from rivers into the Arctic Ocean affects marine processes and the air-sea exchange of CO2. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of the arctic terrestrial and marine carbon cycle, connections in between, and how this complex system is affected by climate change and a declining cryosphere. Ultimately, better knowledge of biogeochemical processes combined with improved model representations of ocean-land interactions are essential to accurately predict the development of arctic ecosystems and associated climate feedbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torben R. Christensen
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Søren Rysgaard
- Centre for Earth Observation Science (CEOS), Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment Earth and Resources, University of Manitoba, 440 Wallace Building, Fort Gary Campus, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, bldg. 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kivioq 2, Box 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Jørgen Bendtsen
- ClimateLab, Symbion Science Park, Fruebjergvej 3, Boks 98, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - Ronnie N. Glud
- Department of Biology, Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Brent Else
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Jacobus van Huissteden
- Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Earth and Climate Cluster, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Torsten Sachs
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jorien E. Vonk
- Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Earth and Climate Cluster, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mikael K. Sejr
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, bldg. 1540, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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8
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Parmentier FJW, Zhang W, Mi Y, Zhu X, van Huissteden J, Hayes DJ, Zhuang Q, Christensen TR, McGuire AD. Rising methane emissions from northern wetlands associated with sea ice decline. Geophys Res Lett 2015; 42:7214-7222. [PMID: 27667870 PMCID: PMC5014133 DOI: 10.1002/2015gl065013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is rapidly transitioning toward a seasonal sea ice-free state, perhaps one of the most apparent examples of climate change in the world. This dramatic change has numerous consequences, including a large increase in air temperatures, which in turn may affect terrestrial methane emissions. Nonetheless, terrestrial and marine environments are seldom jointly analyzed. By comparing satellite observations of Arctic sea ice concentrations to methane emissions simulated by three process-based biogeochemical models, this study shows that rising wetland methane emissions are associated with sea ice retreat. Our analyses indicate that simulated high-latitude emissions for 2005-2010 were, on average, 1.7 Tg CH4 yr-1 higher compared to 1981-1990 due to a sea ice-induced, autumn-focused, warming. Since these results suggest a continued rise in methane emissions with future sea ice decline, observation programs need to include measurements during the autumn to further investigate the impact of this spatial connection on terrestrial methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans-Jan W Parmentier
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden; Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Yanjiao Mi
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences VU University Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands; Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and Department of Agronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | | | - Daniel J Hayes
- Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences and Department of Agronomy Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Torben R Christensen
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Lund Sweden; Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - A David McGuire
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA
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Keuper F, Parmentier FJW, Blok D, van Bodegom PM, Dorrepaal E, van Hal JR, van Logtestijn RSP, Aerts R. Tundra in the rain: differential vegetation responses to three years of experimentally doubled summer precipitation in Siberian shrub and Swedish bog tundra. Ambio 2012; 41 Suppl 3:269-80. [PMID: 22864700 PMCID: PMC3535056 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation amounts and patterns at high latitude sites have been predicted to change as a result of global climatic changes. We addressed vegetation responses to three years of experimentally increased summer precipitation in two previously unaddressed tundra types: Betula nana-dominated shrub tundra (northeast Siberia) and a dry Sphagnum fuscum-dominated bog (northern Sweden). Positive responses to approximately doubled ambient precipitation (an increase of 200 mm year(-1)) were observed at the Siberian site, for B. nana (30 % larger length increments), Salix pulchra (leaf size and length increments) and Arctagrostis latifolia (leaf size and specific leaf area), but none were observed at the Swedish site. Total biomass production did not increase at either of the study sites. This study corroborates studies in other tundra vegetation types and shows that despite regional differences at the plant level, total tundra plant productivity is, at least at the short or medium term, largely irresponsive to experimentally increased summer precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Keuper
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07 Abisko, Sweden
| | | | - Daan Blok
- />University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Peter M. van Bodegom
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 981 07 Abisko, Sweden
| | - Jurgen R. van Hal
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard S. P. van Logtestijn
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rien Aerts
- />Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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