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Ghoroku K, Kashiwa K, Nakano Y, Tachibana M, Toyoda F. Equation of state for holographic nuclear matter as instanton gas. EPJ Web Conf 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202225807005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In a holographic model, which was used to investigate the color superconducting phase of QCD, a dilute gas of instantons is introduced to study the nuclear matter. The free energy of the nuclear matter is computed as a function of the baryon chemical potential in the probe approximation. Then the equation of state is obtained at low temperature. Using the equation of state for the nuclear matter, the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov equations for a cold compact star are solved. We find the mass-radius relation of the star, which is similar to the one for quark star. This similarity implies that the instanton gas given here is a kind of self-bound matter.
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Kohjitani H, Kashiwa A, Makiyama T, Toyoda F, Yamamoto Y, Wuriyanghai Y, Ohno S, Aizawa T, Imamura T, Shizuta S, Kimura T. Usefulness of collaboration between mathematical models and cell engineering for elucidating complex disease mechanisms and discover effective drugs. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A missense mutation, CACNA1C-E1115K, located in the cardiac L-type calcium channel (LTCC), was recently reported to be associated with diverse arrhythmias. Several studies reported in-vivo and in-vitro modeling of this mutation, but actual mechanism and target drug of this disease has not been clarified due to its complex ion-mechanisms.
Objective
To reveal the mechanism of this diverse arrhythmogenic phenotype using combination of in-vitro and in-silico model.
Methods and results
Cell-Engineering Phase: We generated human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) from a patient carrying heterozygous CACNA1C-E1115K and differentiated into cardiomyocytes. Spontaneous APs were recorded from spontaneously beating single cardiomyocytes by using the perforated patch-clamp technique.
Mathematical-Modeling Phase: We newly developed ICaL-mutation mathematical model, fitted into experimental data, including its impaired ion selectivity. Furthermore, we installed this mathematical model into hiPSC-CM simulation model.
Collaboration Phase: Mutant in-silico model showed APD prolongation and frequent early afterdepolarization (EAD), which are same as in-vitro model. In-silico model revealed this EAD was mostly related to robust late-mode of sodium current occurred by Na+ overload and suggested that mexiletine is capable of reducing arrhythmia. Afterward, we applicated mexiletine onto hiPSC-CMs mutant model and found mexiletine suppress EADs.
Conclusions
Precise in-silico disease model can elucidate complicated ion currents and contribute predicting result of drug-testing.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Kashiwa
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - F Toyoda
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Department of Physiology, Otsu, Japan
| | | | | | - S Ohno
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Department of Bioscience and Genetics, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Aizawa
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Imamura
- Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Shizuta
- Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Kimura
- Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Tanaka Y, Takagi R, Ohta T, Sasase T, Kobayashi M, Toyoda F, Shimmura M, Kinoshita N, Takano H, Kakehashi A. Pathological Features of Diabetic Retinopathy in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:8724818. [PMID: 31637263 PMCID: PMC6766157 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8724818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat, established by introducing the fa allele (obesity gene) of the Zucker fatty rat into the SDT rat genome, is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes. We studied the pathologic features of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in this animal. METHODS The eyes of SDT fatty, SDT (controls), and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (normal controls) were enucleated at 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 weeks of age (n = 5-6 for each rat type at each age). The retinal thicknesses, numbers of retinal folds, and choroidal thicknesses were evaluated. Immunostaining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed. Quantitative analyses of the immunopositive regions were performed using a cell-counting algorithm. RESULTS The retinas tended to be thicker in the SDT fatty rats and SDT rats than in the SD rats; the choroids tended to be thicker in the SDT fatty rats than in the SD rats. The retinal folds in the SDT fatty rats developed earlier and were more severe than in the SDT rats. Quantitative analyses showed that the GFAP- and VEGF-positive regions in the retinas of the SDT fatty rats were significantly larger than those of the SDT rats. CONCLUSIONS SDT fatty rats developed more severe DR earlier than the SDT rats. The SDT fatty rats might be useful as a type 2 diabetes animal model to study DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Rina Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Sasase
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1125, Japan
| | - Mina Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Toyoda
- Toyoda Eye Clinic, 7-1-10, Kisicho, Urawa-ku, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Machiko Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
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Shimmura-Tomita M, Takano H, Kinoshita N, Toyoda F, Tanaka Y, Takagi R, Kobayashi M, Kakehashi A. Risk factors and clinical signs of severe Acanthamoeba keratitis. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:2567-2573. [PMID: 30573947 PMCID: PMC6292401 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s179360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine risk factors and clinical signs for severe Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) by comparing severe cases with mild cases with good prognosis. Patients and methods We reviewed medical records of ten cases of AK (five males and five females) referred to our hospital and classified cases into two groups. One eye that required therapeutic keratoplasty and three eyes with a poor visual acuity (<0.2) on last visit were included in the severe group. Six eyes that had good prognosis with a visual acuity of 1.2 on last visit were classified as mild group. We compared patients’ age, the time required for diagnosis, visual acuity on first visit, the history of steroid eye drops use, and other clinical findings. Results The average age of the severe group was older than the mild group (P=0.04). The duration between onset and diagnosis of AK and visual acuity on first visit was not statistically different. A history of steroid eye drop use was found in four eyes of the severe group (100%) and four eyes of the mild group (67%). Keratoprecipitates were found in all severe group eyes and one mild group eye during follow-up (P=0.01). One case in the severe group was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus at initial examination. We detected Staphylococcus epidermis by palpebral conjunctival culture in one case of the severe group. Conclusion Aging may be a possible risk factor for severe AK. The presence of keratoprecipitates is a possible sign of severe AK. Attention is also required in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Shimmura-Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Fumihiko Toyoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Rina Takagi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Mina Kobayashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
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Tanaka Y, Toyoda F, Shimmura-Tomita M, Kinoshita N, Takano H, Dobashi Y, Yamada S, Obata H, Kakehashi A. Clinicopathological features of epiretinal membranes in eyes filled with silicone oil. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:1949-1957. [PMID: 30323552 PMCID: PMC6177381 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s180381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this case series was to clarify the clinicopathological features of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) that developed in eyes after silicone oil (SO) tamponade to treat rhegmatog-enous retinal detachments (RRDs). Patients and methods In the Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, patients with idiopathic ERMs (23 eyes) and ERMs in eyes filled with SO (SO ERMs) after vitreous surgery to treat RRDs (nine eyes) were enrolled from July 2012 to March 2014. ERM tissues obtained intraoperatively were examined histopathologically. Besides the main outcome measure of the pathological findings of the ERM tissues, other outcome measures included the preoperative findings on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and the surgical findings. Results Eight (89%) of nine eyes with SO ERMs had bilayered membranes composed of a firm layer on the retinal side with glial cells and extracellular matrix and a fragile sponge-like layer on the vitreous side. The sponge-like layer was composed of emulsified SO surrounded by macrophages. Quantitative analysis showed that the areas with cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68)-positive macrophages identified by immunohistochemistry in eyes with SO ERMs were significantly (P<0.001) larger than those in eyes with idiopathic ERMs. The findings on OCT images were consistent with the pathological features of the SO ERMs. Surgical removal of the SO ERMs was difficult because the sponge-like layer was fragile, and the underlying retina was also fragile due to inflammation. Conclusion SO ERMs are bilayered membranes. Long-standing emulsified SO formed a sponge-like layer and SO (foreign body)-induced granulation and caused retinal inflammation in these eyes, making surgical removal difficult. A preoperative OCT examination is necessary to identify SO ERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Fumihiko Toyoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Machiko Shimmura-Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
| | - Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroto Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan,
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Yoshino N, Kawamura A, Ishii A, Yoshida K, Watanabe T, Yamashita T, Fukuchi T, Toyoda F, Kakehashi A, Sugawara H. Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Associated with Influenza A Virus Infection. Intern Med 2018; 57:1661-1665. [PMID: 29321438 PMCID: PMC6028674 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9819-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report a case of a 31-year-old Japanese man who simultaneously had a positive influenza A virus antigen test result and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKHD), demonstrated by both diffuse multiple early hyperfluorescent points on fluorescein fundus photography and serous retinal detachments on optical coherence tomography. He had meningitis. It was difficult to determine whether the main cause of meningitis was influenza A or VKHD. After initial treatment with peramivir for influenza A and then methylprednisolone pulse with subsequent corticosteroid therapy for VKHD, his symptoms improved gradually. These findings suggest that influenza A virus infection contributes to the onset or exacerbation of VKHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Yoshino
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Ai Kawamura
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yoshida
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Tamami Watanabe
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamashita
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Takahiko Fukuchi
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Toyoda
- Divisions of Ophthalmology, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 2, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kakehashi
- Divisions of Ophthalmology, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 2, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sugawara
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
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Kumagai K, Toyoda F, Staunton C, Maeda T, Okumura N, Matsuura H, Matsusue Y, Imai S, Barrett-Jolley R. Activation of a chondrocyte volume-sensitive Cl(-) conductance prior to macroscopic cartilage lesion formation in the rabbit knee anterior cruciate ligament transection osteoarthritis model. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1786-1794. [PMID: 27266646 PMCID: PMC5756537 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model confers permanent knee instability and induces joint degeneration. The degeneration process is complex, but includes chondrocyte apoptosis and OA-like loss of cartilage integrity. Previously, we reported that activation of a volume-sensitive Cl(-) current (ICl,vol) can mediate cell shrinkage and apoptosis in rabbit articular chondrocytes. Our objective was therefore to investigate whether ICl,vol was activated in the early stages of the rabbit ACLT OA model. DESIGN Adult Rabbits underwent unilateral ACLT and contralateral arthrotomy (sham) surgery. Rabbits were euthanized at 2 or 4 weeks. Samples were analyzed histologically and with assays of cell volume, apoptosis and electrophysiological characterization of ICl,vol. RESULTS At 2 and 4 weeks post ACLT cartilage appeared histologically normal, nevertheless cell swelling and caspase 3/7 activity were both significantly increased compared to sham controls. In cell-volume experiments, exposure of chondrocytes to hypotonic solution led to a greater increase in cell size in ACLT compared to controls. Caspase-3/7 activity, an indicator of apoptosis, was elevated in both ACLT 2wk and 4wk. Whole-cell currents were recorded with patch clamp of chondrocytes in iso-osmotic and hypo-osmotic external solutions under conditions where Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) currents were minimized. ACLT treatment resulted in a large increase in hypotonic-activated chloride conductance. CONCLUSION Changes in chondrocyte ion channels take place prior to the onset of apparent cartilage loss in the ACLT rabbit model of OA. Further studies are needed to investigate if pharmacological inhibition of ICl,vol decreases progression of OA in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kumagai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, UK,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - F. Toyoda
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - C.A. Staunton
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - T. Maeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - N. Okumura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - H. Matsuura
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Y. Matsusue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - S. Imai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - R. Barrett-Jolley
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, UK,Address correspondence and reprint requests to: R. Barrett-Jolley, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Aging and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, UK.Department of Musculoskeletal BiologyInstitute of Aging and Chronic DiseaseUniversity of LiverpoolUK
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Toyoda F, Tanaka Y, Shimmura M, Kinoshita N, Takano H, Kakehashi A. Diabetic Retinal and Choroidal Edema in SDT Rats. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2345141. [PMID: 26783535 PMCID: PMC4691483 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2345141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the features of diabetic retinal and choroidal edema in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. We measured the retinal and choroidal thicknesses in normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 9) and SDT rats (n = 8). The eyes were enucleated 40 weeks later after they were diagnosed with diabetes, and 4-micron sections were cut for conventional histopathologic studies. The mean retinal and choroidal thicknesses were significantly thicker in the SDT rats than in the normal SD rats. The choroidal thickness was correlated strongly with the retinal thickness in both rat models. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic choroidopathy appeared as edema in the SDT rats. The retinal thickness was correlated strongly with the choroidal thickness in the SDT rats, which is an ideal animal model of both DR and choroidopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Toyoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Machiko Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- *Akihiro Kakehashi:
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Ota A, Tanaka Y, Toyoda F, Shimmura M, Kinoshita N, Takano H, Kakehashi A. Relationship between variations in posterior vitreous detachment and visual prognosis in idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 10:7-11. [PMID: 26730176 PMCID: PMC4697789 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s89683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To clarify the relationship between variations in posterior vitreous detachments (PVDs) and visual prognoses in idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERMs). METHODS In this retrospective, observational, and consecutive case series, we observed variations in PVDs in 37 patients (mean age, 65.7±11.0 years) with ERMs and followed them for 2 years. Three PVD types were found biomicroscopically: no PVD, complete PVD with collapse (C-PVD with collapse), and partial PVD without shrinkage, with persistent vitreous attachment to the macula through the premacular hole of the posterior hyaloid membrane (P-PVD without shrinkage [M]). The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured and converted to the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA at the first visit and 2 years later. RESULTS No PVD was observed in 16 of the 37 eyes (mean age, 61.3±11.3 years), C-PVD with collapse in 11 of the 37 eyes (mean age, 69.1±9.9 years), and P-PVD without shrinkage (M) in 10 of the 37 eyes (mean age, 69.3±10.9 years). The logMAR BCVA at the first visit was the worst in the P-PVD without shrinkage (M) group (0.22±0.35) compared with the no-PVD group (-0.019±0.07; P<0.01) and the C-PVD group (0.029±0.08; P<0.05). The logMAR BCVA 2 years later was also worst in the P-PVD without shrinkage (M) group (0.39±0.35) compared with the no-PVD group (0.04±0.13) and the C-PVD with collapse group (0.03±0.09; P<0.05 for both comparisons). The change in the logMAR BCVA over the 2-year follow-up period was worst in the P-PVD without shrinkage (M) group (0.17±0.23) compared with the no-PVD group (0.06±0.14) and the C-PVD with collapse group (0.0009±0.09; P<0.05 for both comparisons). CONCLUSION Cases with an ERM with a P-PVD without shrinkage (M) had a worse visual prognosis than those with an ERM with no PVD and C-PVD with collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Toyoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Machiko Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Omiya-ku, Saitama, Japan
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Suzuki R, Kuroda H, Matsubayashi H, Ishii A, Toyoda F, Kawarai Lefor A, Sugawara H. Candidemia from an upper urinary tract infection complicated by candida endophthalmitis. Intern Med 2015; 54:2693-8. [PMID: 26466713 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 51-year-old Japanese woman developed candidemia as an outpatient secondary to a Candida albicans upper urinary tract infection complicated by previously undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control and ureterolithiasis. The patient did not have any risk factors typically associated with candidemia, such as an indwelling vascular catheter, parenteral nutrition or broad-spectrum antibiotic use. During the clinical course, her condition was complicated by unilateral candida endophthalmitis, which progressed despite the administration of systemic antifungal agents and ultimately required vitreous surgery. The etiology of candidemia in this patient and the reason she developed progressive ocular symptoms after starting antifungal treatment are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Suzuki
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Comprehensive Medicine 1, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Japan
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Toyoda F, Tanaka Y, Ota A, Shimmura M, Kinoshita N, Takano H, Matsumoto T, Tsuji J, Kakehashi A. Effect of ranirestat, a new aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic retinopathy in SDT rats. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:672590. [PMID: 25215304 PMCID: PMC4158328 DOI: 10.1155/2014/672590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of ranirestat, a new aldose reductase inhibitor (ARI), on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats. METHODS The animals were divided into six groups, normal Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8), untreated SDT rats (n = 9), ranirestat-treated SDT rats (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg/day, n = 7, 8, and 6, resp.), and epalrestat-treated SDT rats (100 mg/kg/day, n = 7). Treated rats received oral ranirestat or epalrestat once daily for 40 weeks after the onset of diabetes. After the eyes were enucleated, the retinal thickness and the area of stained glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured. RESULTS The retinas in the untreated group were significantly thicker than those in the normal and ranirestat-treated (0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/kg/day) groups. The immunostained area of GFAP in the untreated group was significantly larger than that in the normal and ranirestat-treated (1.0 and 10 mg/kg/day) groups. There were no significant differences between the untreated group and epalrestat-treated group in the retinal thickness and the area of stained GFAP. CONCLUSION Ranirestat reduced the retinal thickness and the area of stained GFAP in SDT rats and might suppress DR and have a neuroprotective effect on diabetic retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Toyoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Machiko Shimmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsumoto
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-8-2 Doshomachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0045, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsuji
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., 6-8-2 Doshomachi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- *Akihiro Kakehashi:
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Ota A, Kakehashi A, Toyoda F, Kinoshita N, Shinmura M, Takano H, Obata H, Matsumoto T, Tsuji J, Dobashi Y, Fujimoto WY, Kawakami M, Kanazawa Y. Effects of long-term treatment with ranirestat, a potent aldose reductase inhibitor, on diabetic cataract and neuropathy in spontaneously diabetic torii rats. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:175901. [PMID: 23671855 PMCID: PMC3647549 DOI: 10.1155/2013/175901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated ranirestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, in diabetic cataract and neuropathy (DN) in spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) rats compared with epalrestat, the positive control. Animals were divided into groups and treated once daily with oral ranirestat (0.1, 1.0, 10 mg/kg) or epalrestat (100 mg/kg) for 40 weeks, normal Sprague-Dawley rats, and untreated SDT rats. Lens opacification was scored from 0 (normal) to 3 (mature cataract). The combined scores (0-6) from both lenses represented the total for each animal. DN was assessed by measuring the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) in the sciatic nerve. Sorbitol and fructose levels were measured in the lens and sciatic nerve 40 weeks after diabetes onset. Cataracts developed more in untreated rats than normal rats (P < 0.01). Ranirestat significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited rapid cataract development; epalrestat did not. Ranirestat significantly reversed the MNCV decrease (40.7 ± 0.6 m/s) in SDT rats dose-dependently (P < 0.01). Epalrestat also reversed the prevented MNCV decrease (P < 0.05). Sorbitol levels in the sciatic nerve increased significantly in SDT rats (2.05 ± 0.10 nmol/g), which ranirestat significantly suppressed dose-dependently, (P < 0.05, <0.01, and <0.01); epalrestat did not. Ranirestat prevents DN and cataract; epalrestat prevents DN only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Ota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kakehashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
- *Akihiro Kakehashi:
| | - Fumihiko Toyoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Machiko Shinmura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Takano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroto Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama-shi 330-8503, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsumoto
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Junichi Tsuji
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | - Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Integrated Medicine I, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Wilfred Y. Fujimoto
- Department of Integrated Medicine I, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Masanobu Kawakami
- Department of Integrated Medicine I, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kanazawa
- Department of Integrated Medicine I, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
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Kinoshita N, Ota A, Toyoda F, Yamagami H, Kakehashi A. Blunt needle revision with viscoelastic materials via the anterior chamber for early failed filtering blebs after trabeculectomy. Clin Ophthalmol 2012; 6:915-8. [PMID: 22791972 PMCID: PMC3392926 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s31548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a new technique of blunt needle revision with viscoelastic materials via the anterior chamber for the treatment of early failed filtering blebs and elevated intraocular pressure after trabeculectomy, in which digital ocular massage and laser suture lysis have been ineffective. Methods A 27-gauge blunt needle attached to a syringe containing viscoelastic material was inserted into the anterior chamber from the inferior paracentesis. The needle tip was inserted into the subscleral flap space from the filtering fistula at the anterior chamber side, and the scleral flap was lifted bluntly. The needle tip was then inserted into the subconjunctival space where the viscoelastic agent was injected and the adhesion between the sclera and conjunctiva was separated bluntly. Blunt needle revision via the anterior chamber was performed 14 times in six eyes of six patients at Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University from January 2007 to May 2009. All procedures were performed within 1 month after trabeculectomy. Results The intraocular pressure remained 21 mmHg or lower for more than 6 months in three of six eyes. Slight bleeding from the iris occurred in one of the 14 procedures, and hypotony (intraocular pressure below 5 mmHg) occurred in one of the 14 procedures. No serious complications developed. Conclusion Blunt needle revision via the anterior chamber for early failed filtering blebs is a new, simple, and safe procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Nakamura T, Homma Y, Miyata N, Ushida S, Suzuki K, Otsuki Y, Nakamura H, Funai K, Toyoda F. Only Surgical Resection Can Identify the Second Primary Lung Cancer out of the Metastasis after Gastric Cancer Surgery. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2012; 42:609-11. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hys067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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Kinoshita N, Ota A, Toyoda F, Yamagami H, Kakehashi A. Surgical results of pars plana vitrectomy combined with pars plana lensectomy with anterior capsule preservation, endophotocoagulation, and silicon oil tamponade for neovascular glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:1777-81. [PMID: 22267911 PMCID: PMC3258086 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s26241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report on pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with pars plana lensectomy (PPL) with a preserved anterior capsule, panretinal endophotocoagulation (EPC) throughout the pars plana, and silicon oil (SO) tamponade (PPV + PPL + EPC + SO tamponade) for neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Methods Thirteen eyes with NVG were treated. Ten eyes also underwent SO removal and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation (SO removal + IOL). Intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, and visual acuity were evaluated at the first visit, immediately before and 3 months after the procedure, 3 months after SO removal + IOL, and 1 year after the procedure. Results At the first visit, immediately before and 3 months after the procedure, 3 months after SO removal + IOL, and 1 year after the procedure, the IOPs were 29 ± 19, 23 ± 12, 13 ± 5, 17 ± 10, and 17 ± 6 mmHg; numbers of medications, 0.7 ± 1.4, 2.1 ± 2.0, 0.6 ± 0.7, 1.2 ± 1.2, and 1.6 ± 1.6; and best-corrected visual acuities converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (BCVA logMAR), 0.96 ± 0.96, 1.27 ± 0.80, 1.67 ± 0.91, 1.37 ± 0.89, and 1.90 ± 1.44, respectively. No severe hypotony or phthisis bulbi developed within 1 year after the procedure. The success rates (IOP ≤ 21 mmHg and sustained light perception) were 92.3% after 3 months and 69.2% after 1 year. Conclusion PPV + PPL + EPC + SO tamponade might have prevented acute increases of vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammatory cytokine production postoperatively and resulted in good vision in patients with NVG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
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Takezawa M, Toyoda F, Kambara C, Yamagami H, Kakehashi A. Clarifying the mechanism of idiopathic macular hole development in fellow eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Clin Ophthalmol 2011; 5:101-8. [PMID: 21339802 PMCID: PMC3037037 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s16549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To clarify the mechanism of idiopathic macular hole development, we evaluated the vitreoretinal relationship in fellow eyes of those with a macular hole and normal eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Thirty-one fellow eyes and 34 normal volunteer eyes without a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) were included. Results We classified six vitreomacular relationships: type 1, no PVD, five fellow eyes (16.1%) and nine control eyes (26.5%); type 2, shallow PVD with perifoveal vitreous attachment, seven fellow eyes (22.6%) and 19 control eyes (55.9%); type 3, shallow PVD with pinpoint foveal vitreous traction, seven fellow eyes (22.6%) and no control eyes (0%), type 4a; shallow PVD with a round defect in the posterior vitreous cortex over the perifoveal area with vitreous attachment to the perifoveal area, two fellow eyes (6.5%) and one control eye (2.9%); type 4b, shallow PVD with a round defect in the posterior vitreous cortex over the perifoveal area without vitreous attachment to the perifoveal area, no fellow eyes (0%) and one control eye (2.9%); type 5a, shallow PVD with no pseudo-operculum, no fellow eyes (0%) and four control eyes (11.8%); type 5b, shallow PVD with a pseudo-operculum, four fellow eyes (12.9%) and no control eyes (0%); and type 6, biomicroscopically relevant PVD, six fellow eyes (19.4%). Conclusion Types 3 and 5b developed only in fellow eyes. Type 2 developed most often in normal eyes and seemed to cause less foveal stress. Type 3 may show the basic pathogenesis of macular holes. Progression of type 5b after type 3 induces abortion of developing macular holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Takezawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Toda H, Ding WG, Yasuda Y, Toyoda F, Ito M, Matsuura H, Horie M. Stimulatory action of protein kinase C(epsilon) isoform on the slow component of delayed rectifier K+ current in guinea-pig atrial myocytes. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 150:1011-21. [PMID: 17339832 PMCID: PMC2013919 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protein kinase C (PKC) comprises at least twelve isoforms and has an isoform-specific action on cardiac electrical activity. The slow component of delayed rectifier K(+) current (I (Ks)) is one of the major repolarizing currents in the hearts of many species and is also potentiated by PKC activation. Little is known, however, about PKC isoform(s) functionally involved in the potentiation of I (Ks) in native cardiac myocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH I (Ks) was recorded from guinea-pig atrial myocytes, using the whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp method. KEY RESULTS Bath application of phenylephrine enhanced I (Ks) concentration-dependently with EC(50) of 5.4 microM and the maximal response (97.1+/-11.9% increase, n=16) was obtained at 30 microM. Prazosin (1 microM) almost totally abolished the potentiation of I (Ks) by phenylephrine, supporting the involvement of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors. The stimulatory action of phenylephrine was significantly, if not entirely, inhibited by the general PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I but was little affected by Gö-6976, Gö-6983 and rottlerin. Furthermore, this stimulatory effect was significantly reduced by dialyzing atrial myocytes with PKCepsilon-selective inhibitory peptide epsilonV1-2 but was not significantly affected by conventional PKC isoform-selective inhibitory peptide betaC2-4. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) at 100 nM substantially increased I (Ks) by 64.2+/-1.3% (n=6), which was also significantly attenuated by an internal dialysis with epsilonV1-2 but not with betaC2-4. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present study provides experimental evidence to suggest that, in native guinea-pig cardiac myocytes, activation of PKC contributes to alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated potentiation of I (Ks) and that epsilon is the isoform predominantly involved in this PKC action.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Toda
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - W-G Ding
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Y Yasuda
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - F Toyoda
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - H Matsuura
- Department of Physiology, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
- Author for correspondence:
| | - M Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Abstract
Effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on reproductive events such as courtship behavior, pheromone release, and spermatophore discharge were investigated in the male newt Cynops pyrrhogaster. AVT enhanced the incidence and frequency of androgen-induced courtship behavior. In this case, AVT was likely to act centrally because the behavior was evoked with a much smaller amount of AVT when the hormone was administered intracerebroventricularly than when given intraperitoneally. Involvement of endogenous AVT in spontaneously occurring courtship behavior was also evidenced by the fact that administration of a V1 (vasopressor) receptor antagonist, [d(CH2)5(1), Tyr(Me)2, Arg8-vasopressin] suppressed the expression of the courtship behavior. The water in which AVT-treated males had been kept showed considerable female-attracting activity as compared with the water in which saline-injected males had been kept. Moreover, the content of sodefrin, a female-attracting pheromone in the abdominal gland, was decreased by the intraperitoneal injection of AVT, suggesting that the neurohypophyseal hormone stimulated the release of sodefrin from the abdominal gland into the water. AVT induced contraction of the excised abdominal gland concentration-dependently, and, again, the V1 receptor antagonist suppressed the AVT-induced contraction. Thus, we concluded that AVT induces the pheromone discharge, acting peripherally on a contractile structure of the abdominal gland. AVT was also found to induce spermatophore deposition in the male kept in the absence of the female. Administration of the V1 receptor blocker to the sexually developed males suppressed the spermatophore deposition. All these results indicate the involvement of AVT in reproductive events acting centrally and peripherally.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Toyoda
- Department of Physiology 1, Nara Medical University, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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Abstract
Hormonal control of expression of courtship behavior and of development of structures related to the reproductive behavior in two species of Japanese newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster and Cynops ensicauda, was described. Prolactin (PRL) and androgen were essential factors for eliciting courtship behavior. In addition, arginine vasotocin markedly enhanced the expression of courtship behavior. PRL induced migration to water, in which courtship and oviposition take place, and converted the integument from the terrestrial type to the aquatic one. PRL also stimulated the growth of the tail fin, which was blocked by estrogen. Cellular and nuclear size and number of synapses on the somata of Mauthner cells, which are involved in tail movement, were also increased by PRL and androgen. Synthesis of sodefrin, a female-attracting pheromone, in the abdominal gland as well as that of mucopolysaccharides constituting the sac of sperm in the lateral gland was enhanced by PRL and androgen. Structural development of oviducts was elicited by estrogen or PRL to a certain extent, and full oviducal development by the combination of these two hormones, PRL being indispensable for the oviducal jelly secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iwata
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Nishiwaseda, Tokyo, Japan
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Toyoda F, Kikuyama S. Hormonal influence on the olfactory response to a female-attracting pheromone, sodefrin, in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 126:239-45. [PMID: 10874171 DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(00)00202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sodefrin is a female-attracting pheromone isolated from the abdominal glands of male newts, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Previously, the preference of conspecific female newts for sodefrin was shown to be completely abolished by plugging the bilateral nostrils, indicating that it acts on the olfactory organ. To determine the sensitivity of the olfactory receptor cells to sodefrin, electro-olfactograms (EOGs) in response to sodefrin solution were recorded from the ventral nasal epithelium of sexually developed female newts. Sodefrin elicited marked EOG responses in a dose-dependent manner on the epithelium of the lateral nasal sinus (LNS) region, a putative vomeronasal organ. In ovariectomized females, treatment with prolactin (PRL) and estrogen markedly enhanced the EOG response to sodefrin. The EOG response to the pheromone was also enhanced considerably by treatment with either PRL or estrogen alone. A slight but significant elevation was observed in castrated males receiving PRL plus estrogen or estrogen alone. It was concluded that the main site of action of sodefrin resides in the lateral sinus region and that sensitivity to sodefrin is under the control of PRL and estrogen. The presence of a sex difference in olfactory sensitivity to the hormones and/or pheromone was also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Toyoda
- Department of Physiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
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Yamamoto K, Kawai Y, Hayashi T, Ohe Y, Hayashi H, Toyoda F, Kawahara G, Iwata T, Kikuyama S. Silefrin, a sodefrin-like pheromone in the abdominal gland of the sword-tailed newt, Cynops ensicauda. FEBS Lett 2000; 472:267-70. [PMID: 10788624 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(00)01455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sodefrin-like female-attracting pheromone was purified from the abdominal glands of male sword-tailed newts, Cynops ensicauda, by gel-filtration chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The final product comprises 10 amino acid residues with the sequence SILSKDAQLK which coincided with the sequence deduced from its precursor cDNA. This peptide was designated silefrin. The sequence of silefrin was different from that of sodefrin by two amino acid residues, with substitutions Leu for Pro and Gln for Leu at positions 3 and 8, respectively. Both native and synthetic silefrin exerted an equipotent activity in attracting conspecific females.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda 1-6-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Iwata T, Umezawa K, Toyoda F, Takahashi N, Matsukawa H, Yamamoto K, Miura S, Hayashi H, Kikuyama S. Molecular cloning of newt sex pheromone precursor cDNAs: evidence for the existence of species-specific forms of pheromones. FEBS Lett 1999; 457:400-4. [PMID: 10471817 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)01062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cloning of cDNA encoding a decapeptide pheromone (sodefrin) that attracts conspecific female newts was attempted. A cDNA clone encoding a protein consisting of 189 amino acid residues including a sodefrin sequence was isolated from a Cynops pyrrhogaster abdominal gland cDNA library. Likewise, a cDNA clone encoding a molecule comparable to the sodefrin precursor was obtained from a Cynops ensicauda abdominal gland cDNA library. This clone encoded a precursor protein of 192 amino acid residues, including a sodefrin-like peptide sequence with substitutions of two amino acid residues. This is the first report of a peptide pheromone precursor in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Iwata
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Nishi-waseda 1-6-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Takagi S, Kihara Y, Toyoda F, Morita T, Sasayama S, Mitsuiye T. Cold acclimation of guinea pig depressed contraction of cardiac papillary muscle. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:R923-8. [PMID: 10198368 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.4.r923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Guinea pigs were exposed to 5 degrees C for 3 wk, and the contractions of myocardial papillary muscle were compared with preparations dissected from control animals kept at approximately 25 degrees C. Developed tension of the papillary muscle per cross-sectional area was significantly (t-test, P < 0.05) decreased after cold exposure (19,200 +/- 8,160 vs. 3,020 +/- 2,890 dyne/cm2; 1 Hz). Time to peak tension was significantly faster in cold-exposed guinea pigs (126.4 +/- 11.1 ms; 1 Hz) than in controls (162.7 +/- 8. 7 ms). The magnitude of the developed tension after application of ryanodine (2 mM) to muscles from cold-exposed animals was decreased to 37.5 +/- 8.3% of control at 1 Hz, whereas in muscles from control animals, tension was decreased to 82.4 +/- 7.7%. The ryanodine-sensitive component of contraction was not significantly changed in control guinea pigs at frequencies >0.5 Hz, whereas in muscles from cold-acclimated guinea pigs, there was a "positive staircase." These results suggested that reversal of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is predominantly involved in the positive staircase in control guinea pigs, whereas rate-dependent increases in the Ca2+ store in the sarcoplasmic reticulum may be involved in the staircase after cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Takagi
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Abstract
The abdominal gland in the male red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, is the source of a female-attracting pheromone. An attempt was made to isolate and characterize the female-attracting pheromone in the abdominal glands of male newts. The active substance, named sodefrin (from the Japanese 'sodefuri' which means 'soliciting') has been isolated and shown to be a novel decapeptide with the sequence, Ser-Ile-Pro-Ser-Lys-Asp-Ala-Leu-Leu-Lys. Its minimum effective concentration in water is 0.1-1.0 pmol 1-1. Synthetic sodefrin shows a female-attracting activity similar to that of the native peptide, and acts through the olfactory organ of female newts. Electrophysiological studies reveal that sodefrin evokes a marked electroolfactogram response in the vomeronasal epithelium in sexually mature females and in ovariectomized females treated with prolactin and oestrogen. The pheromonal activity of sodefrin appears to be species-specific since it does not attract females of a congeneric species, the sword-tailed newt C. ensicauda. However, C. ensicauda has a variant of sodefrin differing from that in C. pyrrhogaster by substitutions of Leu for Pro at position 3 and Gln for Leu at position 8. The C. ensicauda variant sodefrin does not attract C. pyrrhogaster females. Genes encoding the sodefrin precursor protein have been cloned in both C. pyrrhogaster and C. ensicauda. Immunostaining of the abdominal gland using the antiserum against sodefrin shows that sodefrin occurs in the epithelial cells, predominantly within the secretory granules. Sodefrin content, detected by immunoassay, in C. pyrrhogaster males decreases after castration and hypophysectomy and increases markedly in the castrated and hypophysectomized newts after treatment with androgen and prolactin. This combination of hormones also enhances sodefrin mRNA content in the abdominal gland as assessed by northern blot analysis using sodefrin cDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Toyoda F, Yamamoto K, Tanaka S, Ogawa Y, Kikuyama S. Effects of arginine vasotocin on reproductive behavior in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Neurosci Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(98)82375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ogawa Y, Toyoda F. Correlations between single-unit activity and the gamma-range burst of local field potentials in the olfactory bulb. Neurosci Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(98)82275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kageyama Y, Matsushita K, Kita Y, Ooi S, Toyoda F, Nogimura H, Suzuki K, Kazui T. [An elderly case of pneumothorax treated with omentopexy]. Kyobu Geka 1997; 50:1152-5. [PMID: 9404121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A 74-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of left pneumothorax with persistent air leakage. He had undergone negative pressure drainage, chemical pleurodesis and transbronchial embolization in another hospital. Chest X-ray and CT scan showed collapse of the left lung and a defect of the pleura in the left lung S9. Patch closure was performed for the round pleurobronchial fistula (35 x 35 mm in size) using polyglycol acid felt and fibrin glue. But as severe air leakage was observed again about 24 hours after surgery, omentopexy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged 17 days after the second surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kageyama
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
It has been postulated that male newts emit pheromones that attract females of the same species. Female newts of the species Cynops pyrrhogaster were attracted to water in which sexually active conspecific males had been kept, but not to water in which abdominal gland-ablated males had been kept, indicating that the attracting pheromone was secreted by or through the abdominal gland of the cloaca. An attempt has been made to isolate and characterize the female-attracting pheromone in the abdominal glands of male newts. Female-attracting activity was monitored using a preference test. The active substance was isolated by two steps of purification using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Direct sequencing of the final product revealed that it is a decapeptide with the amino acid sequence Ser-Ile-Pro-Ser-Lys-Asp-Ala-Leu-Leu-Lys. Its minimum effective concentration was estimated to be between 0.1 pM and 1.0 pM. The synthetic peptide showed a female-attracting activity similar to that of the native peptide. It seems to act through the olfactory organ of female newts, because the effect of the peptide was blocked by bilateral nostril plugging with cotton balls soaked in melted vaseline. An antiserum against sodefrin was generated in a rabbit. An immunoelectron microscopic study using this antiserum revealed that sodefrin exists predominantly within secretory granules in the epithelial cells of the abdominal glands. A radioimmunoassay for sodefrin was developed in which the antiserum was used along with sodefrin which was N-terminally extended with a tyrosine residue as a radioligand. The immunoassayable sodefrin content in C. pyrrhogaster males was diminished by castration and hypophysectomy. The sodefrin content was increased markedly in the castrated and hypophysectomized newts after treatment with both testosterone and prolactin. Testosterone but not prolactin increased the sodefrin content to a lesser extent. Aqueous extract of the abdominal glands of C. ensicauda showed no inhibition of binding in this assay. Moreover, C. ensicauda females were insensitive to sodefrin, although they were attracted to a water extract of abdominal glands from males of their own species. On the other hand, C. pyrrhogaster females responding to sodefrin were not attracted to the water extract of the abdominal glands from C. ensicauda males. Sequence analyses of sodefrin cDNA clones obtained from a C. ensicauda abdominal gland cDNA library revealed that the cDNA encoded a variant type of sodefrin peptide with substitutions of Leu3 and Gln8. The synthetic [Leu3, Gln8]-sodefrin attracted C. ensicauda females but not C. pyrrhogaster females. These results indicate that the female-attracting pheromone differs between these two species of genus Cynops.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda, Tokyo, Japan
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Yamamoto K, Toyoda F, Tanaka S, Hayashi H, Kikuyama S. Radioimmunoassay of a newt sex pheromone, sodefrin, and the influence of hormones on its level in the abdominal gland. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1996; 104:356-63. [PMID: 8954769 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1996.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) was developed for the measurement of sodefrin, a female-attracting decapeptide pheromone of the red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Sodefrin synthesized according to the amino acid sequence of native sodefrin, isolated from the abdominal glands of the cloaca of the male newt, was used as a reference standard. An antiserum to sodefrin was produced by immunizing a rabbit with synthetic sodefrin that was extended on its C-terminus with Cys coupled to hemocyanin. For the radioligand, sodefrin N-terminally extended with Tyr was used. An aqueous extract of the abdominal glands of C. pyrrhogaster produced a displacement curve parallel to the sodefrin standard, whereas that from the sword-tailed newt (Cynops ensicauda) showed no inhibition of binding in this RIA. The sensitivity of the RIA was 30.5 +/- 3.4 pg/100 microliters assay buffer. Intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were 1.6 and 4.5%, respectively. The RIA was used to determine sodefrin levels in the abdominal gland of the male newt. Hypophysectomy and castration greatly reduced the sodefrin content. Administration of testosterone propionate (TP) to the hypophysectomized and castrated newt increased the pheromone content in the abdominal gland. A combination of prolactin (PRL) and TP elevated the sodefrin content markedly, while PRL alone scarcely affected it. Immunoreactive sodefrin was observed in the epithelial cells of the abdominal gland of both hormone-treated and saline-injected newts. Among them, groups treated with PRL plus TP and TP alone exhibited strong immunoreactivity in their abdominal gland compared with PRL-treated and saline-injected groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamamoto
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Toyoda F, Matsuda K, Yamamoto K, Kikuyama S. Involvement of endogenous prolactin in the expression of courtship behavior in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1996; 102:191-6. [PMID: 8998963 DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1996.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to ascertain the involvement of endogenous prolactin (PRL) in the expression of courtship behavior by the male newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, antiserum against homologous PRL was administered to male newts, which had been exhibiting courtship behavior in the field and had been taken to the laboratory. The effect of the antiserum on the preference of terrestrial over aquatic habitats also was investigated. Within 24 hr of the first injection of antiserum, both incidence and frequency of courtship behavior declined markedly compared with those in the preimmune serum-injected newts. The anti-PRL serum-induced decline became more conspicuous thereafter. These animals came to prefer a terrestrial habitat. Cessation of antiserum injection and administration of PRL restored the expression of courtship behavior to a certain extent and altered their habitat preference from terrestrial to aquatic. The results strongly suggest the involvement of endogenous PRL in the expression of courtship behavior as well as in the preference of aquatic habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Toyoda
- Department of Physiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Kotani I, Honda A, Eto T, Ohta S, Nagashima Y, Suzuki H, Toyoda F, Yamaguchi N. [Pulmonary malignant lymphoma associated with bilateral diffuse linear, reticular, and consolidated shadows]. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1995; 33:911-915. [PMID: 7474576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A 72-year-old asymptomatic man was admitted to our hospital with abnormal chest radiographic findings: bilateral diffuse linear, reticular, and consolidated shadows. Malignant lymphoma (diffuse small-cell B-cell lymphoma) was diagnosed histologically after an open lung biopsy and was confirmed by a genetic examination. The lymphoma cells had infiltrated widely in various regions of the lung, including the alveolar spaces and walls, the bronchial and vascular spaces, and the pleura. This diffusion of the lymphoma cells might have accounted for the chest X-ray findings. Malignant pulmonary lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis patients with diffuse linear, reticular, and consolidated shadows on chest X-ray films.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnostic imaging
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Radiography, Thoracic
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kotani
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shizuoka General Hospital, Japan
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Nogimura H, Suzuki K, Kobayashi R, Toyoda F, Kageyama Y, Harada Y. [Epidural injection for postoperative pain relief after thoracoscopic surgery]. Kyobu Geka 1995; 48:756-8. [PMID: 7564037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For the pain relief after thoracoscopic surgery, the epidural injection of buprenorphine was performed in 46 cases. In 28 cases, intermittent injection was performed before awaking from anesthesia. The effect was excellent in 6 cases, who were free from pain without any more injection after returning to the ward, and good in 27 cases, who sometimes felt dull pain and had another analgetics (intermittent epidural injection in 16 cases, intermittent epidural injection and another medication in 5 cases). In 18 cases, continuous injection was performed. The effect was excellent in 9 cases and good in 9 cases. It was concluded that the epidural injection had effective analgesic effect after thoracoscopic surgery, both in intermittent injection group and continuous injection group. For limited medication, the intermittent epidural injection was considered the first choice after thoracoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nogimura
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
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Kikuyama S, Toyoda F, Ohmiya Y, Matsuda K, Tanaka S, Hayashi H. Sodefrin: a female-attracting peptide pheromone in newt cloacal glands. Science 1995. [PMID: 7886452 DOI: 10.1126/science.7886452.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A decapeptide called sodefrin was isolated from the abdominal gland of the cloaca of the male red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. The native peptide, as well as the synthetic one, had a female-attracting activity. Sodefrin was found in the apical portion of the epithelial cells of the abdominal gland. Sodefrin is apparently species specific because it did not attract females of Cynops ensicauda. This is the first amphibian pheromone to be identified and the first peptide pheromone identified in a vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
A decapeptide called sodefrin was isolated from the abdominal gland of the cloaca of the male red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster. The native peptide, as well as the synthetic one, had a female-attracting activity. Sodefrin was found in the apical portion of the epithelial cells of the abdominal gland. Sodefrin is apparently species specific because it did not attract females of Cynops ensicauda. This is the first amphibian pheromone to be identified and the first peptide pheromone identified in a vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, School of Education, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Funakubo K, Kakuto A, Otsuki S, Takenaga K, Toyoda F. Fermion scattering off a CP-violating electroweak bubble wall. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1994; 50:1105-1117. [PMID: 10017808 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.50.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Abstract
Hormonal control of sexual chemoattraction in the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, was investigated by a water preference test. Sexually inert newts injected with prolactin (PRL) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in combination preferred the water in which newts of the opposite sex had been kept, whereas saline-injected specimens did not. This indicates that PRL and HCG enhance the response of the newts to attractant(s) secreted by the opposite sex. The water in which PRL plus HCG-treated newts had been kept attracted the opposite sex more intensely than the water in which PRL-, HCG-, or saline-injected newts had been kept. In castrated males, PRL plus testosterone propionate (TP), and in ovariectomized females, PRL plus estradiol induced the secretion of substance(s) that attracted newts of the opposite sex. Removal of the abdominal gland of the cloaca in the male or the oviduct in the female attenuated the attracting activity of the water in which they were kept. Involvement of PRL and gonadal steroids in the secretion of sex attractants by the male abdominal gland and female oviduct was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Toyoda
- First Department of Physiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Hayashi H, Ohmiya Y, Matsuda K, Toyoda F, Tanaka S, Kikuyama S. A Sex-Attractant in the Cloacal Gland of the Newt, Cynops Pyrrhogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1163/156854295x00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
In the breeding season, the sexually mature male newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, vibrates the tail in front of the female at an early stage of courtship. Effects of prolactin (PRL), gonadotropin (GTH), and sex steroids on this behavior were investigated in the male paired with the female receiving PRL and GTH. The behavior was elicited in the sexually inert male by injections of PRL of bovine, ovine, or bullfrog origin and human chorionic gonadotropin or bullfrog LH and FSH in combination. The effect of PRL or GTH alone was less marked than that of PRL plus GTH, especially in terms of frequency of the behavior. In the hypophysectomized male, combination of PRL and GTH significantly increased both the incidence and frequency of the behavior. However, PRL alone was not effective, and the effect of GTH alone was less pronounced than that in the intact animal receiving GTH injections. The effect of GTH was nullified by castration. In the PRL-treated castrated animal, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, but not estradiol, was effective in inducing the behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Toyoda
- First Department of Physiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Machida H, Toyoda F, Kojima K, Nakaya Y. [A case of adrenal myelolipoma]. Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1990; 91:154-6. [PMID: 2179709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adrenal myelolipoma is a rare, nonfunctioning, and benign tumor composed of varying proportion of fat and bone marrow elements. A case is presented of a thirty-six-year-old woman in whom the diagnosis of adrenal myelolipoma was suspected preoperatively by ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient cured by surgery. Histological examination showed mature adipose tissue and normal hemopoietic tissue. This is the first report which describes MRI of adrenal myelolipoma in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Machida
- Department of Surgery, Seireihamamatsu Hospital, Hamamatsu, Japan
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