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Albuquerque AF, Ribeiro JS, Kummrow F, Nogueira AJA, Montagner CC, Umbuzeiro GA. Pesticides in Brazilian freshwaters: a critical review. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2016; 18:779-87. [PMID: 27367607 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00268d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture can lead to water contamination and cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. Brazil has been the world's top pesticide market consumer since 2008, with 381 approved pesticides for crop use. This study provides a comprehensive literature review on the occurrence of pesticide residues in Brazilian freshwaters. We searched for information in official agency records and peer-reviewed scientific literature. Risk quotients were calculated to assess the potential risk posed to aquatic life by the individual pesticides based on their levels of water contamination. Studies about the occurrence of pesticides in freshwaters in Brazil are scarce and concentrated in few sampling sites in 5 of the 27 states. Herbicides (21) accounted for the majority of the substances investigated, followed by fungicides (11), insecticides (10) and plant growth regulators (1). Insecticides are the class of major concern. Brazil would benefit from the implementation of a nationwide pesticide freshwater monitoring program to support preventive, remediation and enforcement actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Albuquerque
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J S Ribeiro
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - F Kummrow
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. and Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J A Nogueira
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil. and Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - C C Montagner
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G A Umbuzeiro
- School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Montagner CC, Umbuzeiro GA, Pasquini C, Jardim WF. Caffeine as an indicator of estrogenic activity in source water. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:1866-1869. [PMID: 24939322 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine has already been used as an indicator of anthropogenic impacts, especially the ones related to the disposal of sewage in water bodies. In this work, the presence of caffeine has been correlated with the estrogenic activity of water samples measured using the BLYES assay. After testing 96 surface water samples, it was concluded that caffeine can be used to prioritize samples to be tested for estrogenic activity in water quality programs evaluating emerging contaminants with endocrine disruptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Montagner
- University of Campinas, Faculty of Technology, CEP: 13484-332, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
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Berni E, Marcato PD, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT, Vacchi FI, Umbuzeiro GA, Durán N. Violacein/poly(ϵ-caprolactone)/chitosan nanoparticles against bovine mastistis: Antibacterial and ecotoxicity evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/429/1/012030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ferraz ERA, Umbuzeiro GA, de-Almeida G, Caloto-Oliveira A, Chequer FMD, Zanoni MVB, Dorta DJ, Oliveira DP. Differential toxicity of Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Red 13 in the Ames test, HepG2 cytotoxicity assay, and Daphnia acute toxicity test. Environ Toxicol 2011; 26:489-497. [PMID: 20549607 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are of environmental concern due to their degradation products, widespread use, and low-removal rate during conventional treatment. Their toxic properties are related to the nature and position of the substituents with respect to the aromatic rings and amino nitrogen atom. The dyes Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Red 13 were tested for Salmonella mutagenicity, cell viability by annexin V, and propidium iodide in HepG2 and by aquatic toxicity assays using daphnids. Both dyes tested positive in the Salmonella assay, and the suggestion was made that these compounds induce mainly frame-shift mutations and that the enzymes nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase play an important role in the observed effect. In addition, it was shown that the presence of the chlorine substituent in Disperse Red 13 decreased the mutagenicity about 14 times when compared with Disperse Red 1, which shows the same structure as Disperse Red 13, but without the chlorine substituent. The presence of this substituent did not cause cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, but toxicity to the water flea Daphnia similis increased in the presence of the chlorine substituent. These data suggest that the insertion of a chlorine substituent could be an alternative in the design of dyes with low-mutagenic potency, although the ecotoxicity should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R A Ferraz
- USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmaceuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Caffaro-Filho RA, Wagner R, Umbuzeiro GA, Grossman MJ, Durrant LR. Identification of alpha-beta unsaturated aldehydes as sources of toxicity to activated sludge biomass in polyester manufacturing wastewater. Water Sci Technol 2010; 61:2317-2324. [PMID: 20418629 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2010.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated in industrial production processes are often contaminated by hazardous chemicals. Characterization by means of toxicity-directed analysis is useful for identifying which fractions of a waste stream possess the most toxicity. We applied this approach to evaluate toxic components of a polyester manufacturing wastewater. Using the reduction in oxygen uptake rate of activated sludge as an indicator of toxicity, it was determined that increasing the pH from 3 to 11 followed by air stripping significantly reduced the toxicity of the wastewater. Comparative headspace GC/MS analysis of wastewater at different pHs selected a group of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) associated with the observed effect of air stripping at pH 11. Ten of these compounds were identified as alpha,beta unsaturated aldehydes (acrolein (2-propenal) congeners); these compounds are known to be toxic as well as mutagenic. Confirmation that these compounds were a cause of toxicity was achieved by demonstrating that removal of these compounds by air stripping significantly reduced the wastewater mutagenic potency in a Salmonella mutagenicity assay. Formation of these volatile compounds by base catalyzed aldol condensation at pH 11 may account for the effectiveness of air stripping in reducing toxicity. To date there is no record in the literature about the toxicity and presence of acrolein congeners in polyester manufacturing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Caffaro-Filho
- Food Sciences Department, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, Campus Zeferino Vaz, Cep 13083-862, Campinas SP, Brazil.
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Tsuboy MS, Angeli JPF, Mantovani MS, Knasmüller S, Umbuzeiro GA, Ribeiro LR. Genotoxic, mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of the commercial dye CI Disperse Blue 291 in the human hepatic cell line HepG2. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:1650-5. [PMID: 17728095 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 06/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Textile dyes are discarded into the aquatic ecosystem via industrial effluents and potentially expose humans and local biota to adverse effects. The commercial dye CI Disperse Blue 291 which contains the aminoazobenzene 2-[(2-bromo-4,6-dinitrophenyl)azo]-5(diethylamino)-4-methoxyacetanilide (CAS registry no. 56548-64-2), was tested for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2, using the comet assay, micronucleus (MN) test and a cell viability test. Five different concentrations of the test compound were examined: 200 microg/ml, 400 microg/ml, 600 microg/ml, 800 microg/ml and 1000 microg/ml. An increase in comet tail length and in the frequency of MN was detected with exposure of cells to concentrations of the commercial dye from 400 microg/ml. Furthermore, the dye was found to decrease cell viability. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of the dye CI Disperse Blue 291 in mammalian cells, thus stressing the need to develop non-mutagenic dyes and to invest in improving the treatment of effluents. These measures will help to prevent harmful effects that these compounds can have on humans and aquatic organisms that come in contact with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Tsuboy
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, UNESP, Assis, SP, Brazil
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Mazzo TM, Saczk AA, Umbuzeiro GA, Zanoni MVB. Analysis of Aromatic Amines in Surface Waters Receiving Wastewater from a Textile Industry by Liquid Chromatographic with Electrochemical Detection. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600824797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Since 1979, the Environmental Agency of São Paulo State in Brazil, CETESB, has been using the Salmonella mutagenicity assay to assess the quality of natural waters. This paper is a compilation of data obtained during the last 20 years from more than a thousand samples. Potencies up to 30,000 revertants/l were observed in 137 positive samples. The Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 was more sensitive than TA100; 79% of the mutagenicity was detected by this strain, regardless of the presence of S9-mix. A classification of the mutagenic response was proposed to facilitate in the dissemination of the information to the public. The classification was low, moderate, high and extreme for samples with mutagenic potency (revertants/l equivalent) of < 500, 500-2500, 2500-5000 and > 5000, respectively. As a result of this effort to standardize methodologies, compile and classify the mutagenic effect of water pollution, in 1998, the Salmonella mutagenicity assay was officially and systematically included in the São Paulo State Water Quality Monitoring Program. This assay has proven to be a useful tool in the identification of important pollution sources. Correction and prevention actions in Water Pollution Control Programs were generated as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Umbuzeiro
- Environmental Microbiology Division, CETESB - Cia. Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, Rua Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, 05489-900, SP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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