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Laubach M, Lammers F, Zacharias N, Feinkohl I, Pischon T, Borchers F, Slooter AJC, Kühn S, Spies C, Winterer G. Size matters: Grey matter brain reserve predicts executive functioning in the elderly. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:172-181. [PMID: 30102906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preserved executive functioning (EF) is crucial for daily functioning in the elderly and it appears to predict dementia development. We sought to clarify the role of atrophy-corrected cortical grey matter (GM) volume as a potential brain reserve (BR) marker for EF in the elderly. In total, 206 pre-surgical subjects (72.50 ± 4.95 years; mean MMSE score 28.50) were investigated. EF was primarily assessed using the Trail Making Test B (TMT B). Global/ lobar GM volumes were acquired with T1 MP-RAGE. Adjusting for key covariates including a brain atrophy index (i.e. brain parenchymal fraction), multiple linear regression analysis was used to study associations of GM volumes and TMT B. All GM volumes - most notably of global GM - were significantly associated with TMT B independently of GM atrophy (ß = -0.201 to -0.275, p = 0.001-0.012). Using atrophy-corrected GM volume as an estimate of maximal GM size in youth may serve as a BR predictor for cognitive decline in future studies investigating BR in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laubach
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Lammers
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Zacharias
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - I Feinkohl
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - T Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - F Borchers
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - A J C Slooter
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - S Kühn
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - C Spies
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Dept. of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; PharmaImage Biomarker Solutions GmbH, Biotech Park Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
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Feinkohl I, Winterer G, Pischon T. Association of dyslipidemia and lipid-lowering treatment with risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Feinkohl I, Winterer G, Pischon T. Diabetes is associated with risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33. [PMID: 28063267 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs frequently after surgery, particularly among older people. Diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia, and a history of hypoglycemia are related to cognitive impairment, but little is known about their roles in POCD. Here, we estimated their associations with risk of POCD on the basis of published epidemiological research. METHODS The PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched for longitudinal studies of adults undergoing surgery with reporting of associations of diabetes status, glycemic levels, and/or a history of hypoglycemia with risk of POCD as relative risks or odds ratios. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS The search identified 246 publications of which 14 met inclusion criteria, reporting on a total of 2642 patients (mean age 64 y). Follow-up periods spanned 1 day to 5 years. Overall, patients with diabetes had a 1.26-fold higher risk of POCD compared with diabetes-free patients (95% CI, 1.12-1.42). A single study assessed glycemic control in patients with diabetes and identified a higher hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level as associated with higher POCD risk (relative risk per percent higher HbA1c, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.6). We did not find studies on glycemic levels in the nondiabetic range or on hypoglycemia as potential predictors of POCD. CONCLUSION Patients with diabetes appear to have a higher risk of POCD compared with diabetes-free persons. Among patients with diabetes, POCD risk may further increase with poorer glycemic control as indexed by higher HbA1c. The roles of HbA1c levels among nondiabetic persons in POCD risk warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Feinkohl
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- MDC/BIH Biobank, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Hasan A, Wobrock T, Guse B, Langguth B, Landgrebe M, Eichhammer P, Frank E, Cordes J, Wölwer W, Musso F, Winterer G, Gaebel W, Hajak G, Ohmann C, Verde PE, Rietschel M, Ahmed R, Honer WG, Dechent P, Malchow B, Castro MFU, Dwyer D, Cabral C, Kreuzer PM, Poeppl TB, Schneider-Axmann T, Falkai P, Koutsouleris N. Structural brain changes are associated with response of negative symptoms to prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:857-864. [PMID: 27725655 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impaired neural plasticity may be a core pathophysiological process underlying the symptomatology of schizophrenia. Plasticity-enhancing interventions, including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), may improve difficult-to-treat symptoms; however, efficacy in large clinical trials appears limited. The high variability of rTMS-related treatment response may be related to a comparably large variation in the ability to generate plastic neural changes. The aim of the present study was to determine whether negative symptom improvement in schizophrenia patients receiving rTMS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was related to rTMS-related brain volume changes. A total of 73 schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms were randomized to an active (n=34) or sham (n=39) 10-Hz rTMS intervention applied 5 days per week for 3 weeks to the left DLPFC. Local brain volume changes measured by deformation-based morphometry were correlated with changes in negative symptom severity using a repeated-measures analysis of covariance design. Volume gains in the left hippocampal, parahippocampal and precuneal cortices predicted negative symptom improvement in the active rTMS group (all r⩽-0.441, all P⩽0.009), but not the sham rTMS group (all r⩽0.211, all P⩾0.198). Further analyses comparing negative symptom responders (⩾20% improvement) and non-responders supported the primary analysis, again only in the active rTMS group (F(9, 207)=2.72, P=0.005, partial η 2=0.106). Heterogeneity in clinical response of negative symptoms in schizophrenia to prefrontal high-frequency rTMS may be related to variability in capacity for structural plasticity, particularly in the left hippocampal region and the precuneus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - T Wobrock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, County Hospitals Darmstadt-Dieburg, Groß-Umstadt, Germany
| | - B Guse
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - B Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Landgrebe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, kbo-Lech-Mangfall-Klinik Agatharied, Agatharied, Germany
| | - P Eichhammer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Frank
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Cordes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - W Wölwer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - F Musso
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Centre, The Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - W Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Hajak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - C Ohmann
- European Clinical Research Network, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P E Verde
- Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Institute of Central Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Ahmed
- Institut für anwendungsorientierte Forschung und klinische Studien GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - W G Honer
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - P Dechent
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - B Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - M F U Castro
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - D Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Cabral
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - P M Kreuzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T B Poeppl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - P Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - N Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Feinkohl I, Winterer G, Pischon T. Hypertension and Risk of Post-Operative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13:27-42. [PMID: 28603544 PMCID: PMC5447947 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901713010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) occurs frequently after major surgery. Hypertension is well-established as a risk factor for age-related cognitive impairment, but it is unclear whether or not it also increases the risk of POCD. Objective: To evaluate the role of hypertension in POCD risk in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Method: PubMed, Ovid SP and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for longitudinal studies of adults undergoing surgery with reporting of hypertension, blood pressure and/or anti-hypertensive treatment associations with POCD as relative risks or odds ratios. Fixed-effects meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.3). Results: Twenty-four studies on 4317 patients (mean age 63 years) were included. None of the studies had set out to assess hypertension as a risk factor for POCD. Hypertension was used as a categorical predictor throughout and only 2 studies adjusted for potential confounders. Across all 24 studies, hypertension was not significantly associated with POCD risk (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.93, 1.09; p=0.82), though among 8 studies with >75% males, we found hypertension associations with a 27% increased risk of POCD (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07, 1.49; p=0.005). Conclusion: Our findings do not support the hypothesis that hypertension is a risk factor for POCD. However, since none of the studies included in our analysis were hypothesis-driven and most did not adjust for potential confounders, further systematic investigations are needed to evaluate the role of hypertension in the epidemiology of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Feinkohl
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,MDC/BIH Biobank, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Feinkohl I, Winterer G, Pischon T. Diabetes, glykämischer Status und Risiko der post-operativen kognitiven Dysfunktion (POCD): Eine Meta-Analyse. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mobascher A, Diaz-Lacava A, Wagner M, Gallinat J, Wienker TF, Drichel D, Becker T, Steffens M, Dahmen N, Gründer G, Thürauf N, Kiefer F, Kornhuber J, Toliat MR, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Steinlein O, Winterer G. Association of Common Polymorphisms in the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Alpha4 Subunit Gene with an Electrophysiological Endophenotype in a Large Population-Based Sample. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152984. [PMID: 27054571 PMCID: PMC4824511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in genes coding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits affect cognitive processes and may contribute to the genetic architecture of neuropsychiatric disorders. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CHRNA4 gene that codes for the alpha4 subunit of alpha4/beta2-containing receptors have previously been implicated in aspects of (mostly visual) attention and smoking-related behavioral measures. Here we investigated the effects of six synonymous but functional CHRNA4 exon 5 SNPs on the N100 event-related potential (ERP), an electrophysiological endophenotype elicited by a standard auditory oddball. A total of N = 1,705 subjects randomly selected from the general population were studied with electroencephalography (EEG) as part of the German Multicenter Study on nicotine addiction. Two of the six variants, rs1044396 and neighboring rs1044397, were significantly associated with N100 amplitude. This effect was pronounced in females where we also observed an effect on reaction time. Sequencing of the complete exon 5 region in the population sample excluded the existence of additional/functional variants that may be responsible for the observed effects. This is the first large-scale population-based study investigation the effects of CHRNA4 SNPs on brain activity measures related to stimulus processing and attention. Our results provide further evidence that common synonymous CHRNA4 exon 5 SNPs affect cognitive processes and suggest that they also play a role in the auditory system. As N100 amplitude reduction is considered a schizophrenia-related endophenotype the SNPs studied here may also be associated with schizophrenia outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mobascher
- Department of Psychiatry, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Diaz-Lacava
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, Bonn University Hospital, Bonn, Germany
| | - J. Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. F. Wienker
- Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Drichel
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T. Becker
- University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M. Steffens
- Research Division, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | - N. Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, Mainz University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - G. Gründer
- Department of Psychiatry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Thürauf
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Alexander University, University Hospital, Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - F. Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - J. Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Alexander University, University Hospital, Erlangen- Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. R. Toliat
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - H. Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - P. Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - O. Steinlein
- Department of Human Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - G. Winterer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité – University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Cohrs S, Goerke M, Rodenbeck A, Riemann D, Wiedemann K, Thome J, Winterer G, Kiefer F. Decreased plasma orexin levels in subjects with impaired sleep quality. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Krug A, Cabanis M, Pyka M, Pauly K, Kellermann T, Walter H, Wagner M, Landsberg M, Shah NJ, Winterer G, Wölwer W, Brinkmeyer J, Müller BW, Kärgel C, Wiedemann G, Herrlich J, Vogeley K, Schilbach L, Rapp A, Klingberg S, Kircher T. Attenuated prefrontal activation during decision-making under uncertainty in schizophrenia: a multi-center fMRI study. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:176-83. [PMID: 24325976 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Decisions are called decisions under uncertainty when either prior information is incomplete or the outcomes of the decision are unclear. Alterations in these processes related to decisions under uncertainty have been linked to delusions. In patients with schizophrenia, the underlying neural networks have only rarely been studied. We aimed to disentangle the neural correlates of decision-making and relate them to neuropsychological and psychopathological parameters in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects. Fifty-seven patients and fifty-seven healthy volunteers from six centers had to either indicate via button-press from which of two bottles red or blue balls were drawn (decision-making under uncertainty condition), or indicate whether eight red balls had been presented (baseline condition) while BOLD signal was measured with fMRI. Patients based their decisions on less conclusive evidence and had decreased activations in the underlying neural network, comprising of medial and lateral frontal as well as parietal areas, as compared to healthy subjects. While current psychopathology was not correlated with brain activation, positive symptoms led to longer decision latencies in patients. These results suggest that decision-making under uncertainty in schizophrenia is affected by a complex interplay of aberrant neural activation. Furthermore, reduced neuropsychological functioning in patients was related to impaired decision-making and task performance was modulated by distinct positive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - M Cabanis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - M Pyka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - K Pauly
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Kellermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Landsberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - N J Shah
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Medical Imaging Physics (INM4), Research Centre Juelich, Germany; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, JARA, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - W Wölwer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Rhineland State Clinics for Psychiatry, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Brinkmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Rhineland State Clinics for Psychiatry, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - B W Müller
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Rhineland State Clinics for Psychiatry, Essen, Germany
| | - C Kärgel
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Rhineland State Clinics for Psychiatry, Essen, Germany
| | - G Wiedemann
- Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Fulda, Germany
| | - J Herrlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - K Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany; Institute for Neurosciences and Medicine, Cognitive Neuroscience (INM3), Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | - L Schilbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - A Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Klingberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - T Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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Wirth C, Schubert F, Lautenschlager M, Brühl R, Klär A, Majic T, Lang UE, Ehrlich A, Winterer G, Sander T, Schouler-Ocak M, Gallinat J. DTNBP1 (dysbindin) gene variants: in vivo evidence for effects on hippocampal glutamate status. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2012; 13:1513-21. [PMID: 22283763 DOI: 10.2174/138920112800784952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In linkage and association studies the DTNBP1 gene has been identified as a major susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Reduced expression of DTNBP1 was found in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in post mortem brains of schizophrenic patients. In vitro and animal models provide evidence that the DTNBP1 gene product dysbindin modulates the activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate in hippocampal neurons and is crucial for cell functioning and synaptogenesis. This study is the first to investigate the effects of genetic variants of DTNBP1 on the status of the glutamate system as well as neuronal integrity (N-acetylaspartate, NAA) in the hippocampus and a cortical region, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), in humans. METHODS In 79 healthy subjects, the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs760665 and rs909706 with absolute concentrations of glutamate and NAA in the left hippocampus and the ACC were investigated, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3 Tesla and a well established quantification procedure. RESULTS Hippocampal glutamate concentration was significantly affected by genotype of rs760665 (F=4.406, df=2,p=0.016) and rs909706 (F=3.171,df=2,p=0.048). For the concentration of NAA, a weak association with rs760665 was observed in the contrast analysis. None of the metabolites measured in the ACC showed a significant connection with either genotype. CONCLUSION The results support a role of DTNBP1 gene variants in the glutamate neurotransmission system in the human brain at least in the hippocampus. This is compatible to growing evidence of a crucial role of glutamate in the pathobiology of schizophrenia. In addition, the weak association between DTNBP1 genotype and NAA is in line with a regulatory influence of dysbindin on synaptogenesis and neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wirth
- Charite University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Kühn S, Musso F, Mobascher A, Warbrick T, Winterer G, Gallinat J. Hippocampal subfields predict positive symptoms in schizophrenia: first evidence from brain morphometry. Transl Psychiatry 2012; 2:e127. [PMID: 22692142 PMCID: PMC3384220 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2012.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations of hippocampal anatomy have been reported consistently in schizophrenia. Within the present study, we used FreeSurfer to determine hippocampal subfield volumes in 21 schizophrenic patients. A negative correlation between PANSS-positive symptom score and bilateral hippocampal subfield CA2/3 as well as CA1 volume was found on high-resolution magnetic resonance images. Our observation opens the gate for advanced investigation of the commonly reported hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenia in terms of specific subfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kühn
- Charité University Medicine, St Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany.
| | - F Musso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Mobascher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Helmholtz Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - T Warbrick
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Helmholtz Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Helmholtz Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany,Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- Charité University Medicine, St Hedwig-Krankenhaus, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Berlin, Germany
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Cabanis M, Krug A, Pyka M, Walter H, Winterer G, Müller B, Wiedemann G, Vogeley K, Wittorf A, Rapp A, Klingberg S, Kircher T. Neural correlates of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy effects on positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenic disorders. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1292457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Mobascher A, Rujescu D, Mittelstraß K, Giegling I, Lamina C, Nitz B, Brenner H, Fehr C, Breitling LP, Gallinat J, Rothenbacher D, Raum E, Müller H, Ruppert A, Hartmann AM, Möller HJ, Gal A, Gieger C, Wichmann HE, Illig T, Dahmen N, Winterer G. Association of a variant in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 gene (CHRM2) with nicotine addiction. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:684-690. [PMID: 19644963 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors contribute to the overall risk of developing nicotine addiction, which is the major cause of preventable deaths in western countries. However, knowledge regarding specific polymorphisms influencing smoking phenotypes remains scarce. In the present study we provide evidence that a common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5' untranslated region of CHRM2, the gene coding for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 2 is associated with nicotine addiction. CHRM2 was defined as a candidate gene for nicotine addiction based on previous evidence that linked variations in CHRM2 to alcohol and drug dependence. A total of more than 5,500 subjects representative of the German population were genotyped and assessed regarding their smoking habits. The impact of three SNPs in CHRM2 on smoking behavior/nicotine addiction was investigated using logistic regression models or a quasi-Poisson regression model, respectively. We found the T allele of SNP rs324650 to be associated with an increased risk of smoking/nicotine dependence according to three different models, the recessive models of regular or heavy smokers vs. never-smokers (odds ratio 1.17 in both analyses) and according to the Fagerström index of nicotine addiction. In the analysis stratified by gender this association was only found in females. Our data provide further evidence that variations in CHRM2 may be associated with the genetic risk of addiction in general or with certain personality traits that predispose to the development of addiction. Alternatively, variations in CHRM2 could modulate presynaptic auto-regulation in cholinergic systems and may thereby affect an individual's response to nicotine more specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mobascher
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Research Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neurosciences and Biophysics, Helmholtz Research Center, Juelich, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - K Mittelstraß
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - I Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Lamina
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B Nitz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Fehr
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L P Breitling
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Rothenbacher
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Raum
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Müller
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Ruppert
- Genetics Research Centre GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - A M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Molecular and Clinical Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - H J Möller
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - A Gal
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Hamburg Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ch Gieger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H E Wichmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Illig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - N Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - G Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychiatric Research Laboratory, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neurosciences and Biophysics, Helmholtz Research Center, Juelich, Germany
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Mittrach M, Thünker J, Winterer G, Agelink MW, Regenbrecht G, Arends M, Mobascher A, Kim SJ, Wölwer W, Brinkmeyer J, Gaebel W, Cordes J. The tolerability of rTMS treatment in schizophrenia with respect to cognitive function. Pharmacopsychiatry 2010; 43:110-7. [PMID: 20127616 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1242824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to assess tolerability and safety of high-frequency rTMS with regard to cognitive performance when conducted as "add-on" treatment in chronic schizophrenia in-patients (n=32). METHODS Patients, who were on stable antipsychotic treatment, were randomly assigned to verum or sham condition (double-blind). In the verum group, ten sessions of 10 Hz rTMS with a total of 10 000 stimuli were applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) at 110% of motor threshold over a period of two weeks. The sham group received corresponding sham stimulation. RTMS effects on cognitive performance were assessed with a neuropsychological test battery consisting of the following tests: trail making test A and B (TMT), Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), D2 attention task and the "short test of general intelligence" (KAI). RESULTS No statistically significant deterioration of cognitive performance was observed as a result of rTMS treatment. Moreover it was shown that in the verum group patients with a less favourable performance on the WCST at baseline tend to improve after rTMS treatment with regard to psychopathology as opposed to patients in the control group. DISCUSSION The stability of cognitive function suggests good tolerability of rTMS treatment in schizophrenia. The absence of evidence for cognitive deterioration could be due to low and short stimulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mittrach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Cordes J, Falkai P, Guse B, Hasan A, Schneider-Axmann T, Arends M, Winterer G, Wölwer W, Ben Sliman E, Ramacher M, Schmidt-Kraepelin C, Ohmann C, Langguth B, Landgrebe M, Eichhammer P, Frank E, Burger J, Hajak G, Rietschel M, Wobrock T. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of negative symptoms in residual schizophrenia: rationale and design of a sham-controlled, randomized multicenter study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 259 Suppl 2:S189-97. [PMID: 19876678 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-009-0060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Current meta-analysis revealed small, but significant effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. There is a need for further controlled, multicenter trials to assess the clinical efficacy of rTMS on negative symptoms in schizophrenia in a larger sample of patients. The objective of this multicenter, randomized, sham-controlled, rater- and patient-blind clinical trial is to investigate the efficacy of 3-week 10-Hz high frequency rTMS add on to antipsychotic therapy, 15 sessions per 3 weeks, 1,000 stimuli per session, stimulation intensity 110% of the individual motor threshold) of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for treating negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and to evaluate the effect during a 12 weeks of follow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint is a reduction of negative symptoms as assessed by the negative sum score of the positive and negative symptom score (PANSS). A sample size of 63 in each group will have 80% power to detect an effect size of 0.50. Data analysis will be based on the intention to treat population. The study will be conducted at three university hospitals in Germany. This study will provide information about the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of negative symptoms. In addition to psychopathology, other outcome measures such as neurocognition, social functioning, quality of life and neurobiological parameters will be assessed to investigate basic mechanisms of rTMS in schizophrenia. Main limitations of the trial are the potential influence of antipsychotic dosage changes and the difficulty to ensure adequate blinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Cordes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstr. 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Mobascher A, Brinkmeyer J, Warbrick T, Musso F, Schlemper V, Wittsack HJ, Saleh A, Schnitzler A, Winterer G. Brain activation patterns underlying fast habituation to painful laser stimuli. Int J Psychophysiol 2009; 75:16-24. [PMID: 19833154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A painful experience is modified by processes like habituation/antinociception or sensitization. Altered habituation may be one characteristic of chronic pain syndromes. In the present study we sought to investigate the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) correlate of rapid habituation to pain using simultaneous single trial electrodermal activity (EDA)/fMRI measurements. A total of N=32 healthy subjects have been investigated. Subjects received painful laser stimulation of the left hand. The fMRI BOLD response was measured simultaneously with continuous EDA recordings. Single trial EDA responses to laser stimulation habituated over time with substantial subject-to-subject differences in the degree and speed of habituation. fMRI BOLD habituation was assessed by contrasting the first half of the experiment against the second half and was found in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, the insula and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We hypothesized that single trial EDA habituation would reflect BOLD habituation which was investigated separately in subjects with 'faster' (N=15) and 'slower' (N=14) EDA habituation. Significant habituation of the BOLD signal was only found in subjects with 'faster' EDA habituation that was accompanied by a signal increase in the rostral ACC and the periaqueductal grey. Furthermore, subjects with faster EDA habituation provided lower pain ratings. Therefore the EDA habituation profile to painful stimulation may constitute a pain-related (endo)phenotype and may be an informative additional endpoint measure in fMR-imaging of pain, especially when people suffering from chronic pain states in which pain processing is often altered are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mobascher
- Neuropsychiatric Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Mobascher A, Warbrick T, Brinkmeyer J, Musso F, Richter N, Stoecker T, Shah JN, Fink G, Winterer G. Differential effects of smoking status and acute nicotine exposure on attentional network activation in schizophrenics, healthy smokers and non-smoking controls. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Konrad A, Dielentheis T, ElMasri D, Bayerl M, Vucurevic G, Stoeter P, Winterer G. Disturbed Frontostriatal Structural Connectivity is Correlated with Measures of Attention in Adult Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Brinkmeyer J, Warbrick T, Mobascher A, Musso F, Stöcker T, Shah JN, Winterer G. Temperature measurements during simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging with electroencephalography recording: safety issues. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Mobascher A, Brinkmeyer J, Warbrick T, Musso F, Wittsack HJ, Saleh A, Schnitzler A, Winterer G. Habituation patterns of fMRI BOLD and sympathetic skin responses to painful laser stimulation. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Musso F, Brinkmeyer J, Mobascher A, Warbrick T, Winterer G. Segmenting BOLD Signal at Rest Through EEG Microstates. A novel analysis approach to explore Spontaneous Fluctuation of Brain Activity using combined EEG/fMRI. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Warbrick T, Mobascher A, Brinkmeyer J, Musso F, Richter N, Stoeker T, Fink G, Shah N, Winterer G. Using single-trial P3 amplitude and latency in event-related BOLD fMRI models. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Mobascher A, Arends M, Eschweiler G, Brinkmeyer J, Agelink M, Kornischka J, Winterer G, Cordes J. Biologische Korrelate präfrontal aktivierender und temporoparietal inhibierender Behandlung mit repetitiver transkranieller Magnetstimulation (rTMS). Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2009; 77:432-43. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1109494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Warbrick T, Mobascher A, Brinkmeyer J, Musso F, Richter N, Stoecker T, Fink GR, Shah NJ, Winterer G. Single-trial P3 amplitude and latency informed event-related fMRI models yield different BOLD response patterns to a target detection task. Neuroimage 2009; 47:1532-44. [PMID: 19505583 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Using single-trial parameters as a regressor in the General Linear Model (GLM) is becoming an increasingly popular method for informing fMRI analysis. However, the parameter used to characterise or to differentiate brain regions involved in the response to a particular task varies across studies (e.g. ERP amplitude, ERP latency, reaction time). Furthermore, the way in which the single-trial information is used in the fMRI analysis is also important. For example, the single-trial parameters can be used as regressors in the GLM or to modify the duration of the events modelled in the GLM. The aim of this study was to investigate the BOLD response to a target detection task when including P3 amplitude, P3 latency and reaction time parameters in the GLM. Simultaneous EEG-fMRI was recorded from fifteen subjects in response to a visual choice reaction time task. Including P3 amplitude as a regressor in the GLM yielded activation in left central opercular cortex, left postcentral gyrus, left insula, left middle frontal gyrus, left insula and left parietal operculum. Using P3 latency and reaction time as an additional regressor yielded no additional activation in comparison with the conventional fMRI analysis. However, when P3 latency or reaction time was used to determine the duration of events at a single-trial level, additional activation was observed in the left postcentral gyrus, left precentral gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex and supramarginal gyrus. Our findings suggest that ERP amplitudes and latencies can yield different activation patterns when used to modify relevant aspects of the GLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Warbrick
- Department of Psychiatry, Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Wernicke C, Reese J, Kraschewski A, Winterer G, Rommelspacher H, Gallinat J. Distinct Haplogenotypes of the Dopamine D2 Receptor Gene are Associated with Non-smoking Behaviour and Daily Cigarette Consumption. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009; 42:41-50. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1085444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Konrad A, Vucurevic G, Stoeter P, Musso F, Winterer G. Correlation of intelligence and human brain structure. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1216230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mobascher A, Brinkmeyer J, Warbrick T, Musso F, Wittsack H, Stoermer R, Saleh A, Schnitzler A, Winterer G. Fluctuations in electrodermal activity reveal variations in single trial brain responses to painful laser stimuli — A fMRI/EEG study. Neuroimage 2009; 44:1081-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Konrad A, Dielentheis T, Bayerl M, Masri DE, Bauermann T, Vucurevic G, Stoeter P, Winterer G. 93. Structural brain abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A voxel-based MRI study in adult patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Konrad A, Dielentheis T, Masri DE, Bayerl M, Winterer G, Bauermann T, Vucurevic G, Stoeter P. 58. White matter abnormalities in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A diffusion tensor imaging study in adult patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mobascher A, Winterer G. The Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology of Nicotine Abuse in Schizophrenia. Pharmacopsychiatry 2008; 41 Suppl 1:S51-9. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1081463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Winterer G, Postnikov N, Ziller M, Niestroj F, Frick K, Heinz A, Marquardt S, Lewinsky M, Herrmann W. Signalkomplexität versus Spektralparameter in EEG-Zeitreihen von psychiatrischen Patienten: Eine retrospektive Klassifikationsstudie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Winterer G, Herrmann W. Über das Elektroenzephalogramm in der Psychiatrie: Eine kritische Bewertung. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1060215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Konrad A, Dielentheis TF, Bayerl M, El Masri D, Bauermann T, Vucurevic G, Stoeter P, Winterer G. Structural Brain Abnormalities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Voxel-based MRI Study in Adult Patients. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1072887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Konrad A, Dielentheis TF, El Masri D, Bayerl M, Winterer G, Bauermann T, Vucurevic G, Stoeter P. White Matter Abnormalities in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study in Adult Patients. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1072852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research sought neurobiological features common to psychotic states displayed by patients with different clinical diagnoses. METHOD Cluster analysis with quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) variables was used to subtype drug-naïve, non-medicated, and medicated schizophrenic, depressed and alcoholic patients with psychotic symptoms, from the USA and Germany. QEEG source localization brain images were computed for each cluster. RESULTS Psychotic patients with schizophrenia, depression and alcoholism, and drug- naïve schizophrenic patients, were distributed among six clusters. QEEG images revealed one set of brain regions differentially upregulated in each cluster and another group of structures downregulated in the same way in every cluster. CONCLUSION Subtypes previously found among 94 schizophrenic patients were replicated in a sample of 390 non-schizophrenic as well as schizophrenic psychotics, and displayed common neurobiological abnormalities. Collaborative longitudinal studies using these economical methods might improve differential understanding and treatment of patients based upon these features rather than clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R John
- Brain Research Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Cordes J, Arends M, Mobascher A, Brinkmeyer J, Kornischka J, Eichhammer P, Klimke A, Winterer G, Agelink MW. Potential clinical targets of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in schizophrenia. Neuropsychobiology 2007; 54:87-99. [PMID: 17108709 DOI: 10.1159/000096990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the introduction of atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment-resistant symptoms still represent a serious problem in schizophrenia. Currently, there is evidence from clinical studies suggesting that treatment with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve schizophrenia symptoms. Our review provides an overview of clinical rTMS studies in schizophrenic patients. A systematic search of the literature (Cochrane and Medline databases up to December 2005) was conducted. Most studies showed methodological problems due to their explorative character and small sample sizes. In some studies, a treatment effect of high-frequency rTMS applied over the prefrontal cortex was seen with respect to negative symptoms. On the other hand, low-frequency rTMS in the temporal lobe area might lead to a suppression of auditory hallucinations. It is concluded that larger sham-controlled studies are required to allow an adequate assessment of the clinical and neurobiological effects of rTMS in schizophrenic patients. The currently available data provide insufficient evidence to support the use of rTMS as an adjuvant treatment for schizophrenic psychopathology, but encourage further investigation of rTMS as a novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cordes
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Bergische Landstrasse 2, DE-40629 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Mobascher A, Mobascher J, Schlemper V, Winterer G, Malevani J. Aripiprazole Pharmacotherapy of Borderline Personality Disorder. Pharmacopsychiatry 2006; 39:111-2. [PMID: 16721700 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-941485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report three consecutive cases of women with borderline personality disorder with psychotic symptoms, who received pharmacotherapy with the new atypical antipsychotic drug aripiprazole. Therapeutic effects were measured using the SCL-90R (symptom check list) and the BSL (borderline symptom list). We observed different responses to aripiprazole. In the first patient we had to discontinue the drug before we were able to observe any therapeutic effects. The second patient also complained about initial side effects. However, after the dose was lowered, the drug was tolerated and she responded well to aripiprazole with respect to all psychopathological aspects. The third patient did not suffer from any side effects under aripiprazole. She responded partially to the drug. Aripiprazole may have a potential role in the pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder and may not only target psychotic symptoms in these patients.
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Abstract
Strong evidence exists for disturbed functional connectivity of cortical microcircuits--particularly of prefrontal cortex. Dopamine, long implicated in antipsychotic drug effects, is crucially involved in optimizing signal-to-noise ratio of local cortical micro-circuits. This action of dopamine is achieved by means of D1- and D2-receptor-mediated effects on pyramidal and local circuit neurons, which mediate recurrent inhibition and thus contribute to the stability of cortical representations of external and internal stimuli. In schizophrenia, a diminished cortical dopamine D1/D2 activation ratio--in concert with altered GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission--appear to critically interfere with this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry, Heinrich-Heine University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Gallinat J, Bajbouj M, Sander T, Xu K, Goldman D, Winterer G. Association of the G1947A COMT (Val108/158Met) gene polymorphism with prefrontal P300 during information processing. Pharmacopsychiatry 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-825332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lehmann D, Faber PL, Galderisi S, Gianotti LRR, Herrmann WM, Kinoshita T, Koukkou M, Mucci A, Saito N, Wackermann J, Winterer G, Koenig T. Geänderte Verkettung der Spontan-EEG-Mikrozustände in akuter, unbehandelter Schizophrenie. KLIN NEUROPHYSIOL 2003. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-816479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Electroencephalography (EEG) power and coherence changes may be trait markers for alcoholism providing clues to brain mechanisms of vulnerability. However, it is unclear whether alpha power and coherence differences reflect reversible toxic or withdrawal effects of alcohol. METHOD The EEGs of 10 non-abstinent and 16 long-term abstinent alcoholics (7.7 +/- 5.8 years) and 25 controls were analyzed. Levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by questionnaire. RESULTS No statistically significant EEG power differences were observed between groups, although the numerical difference between alcoholics and controls was similar to that previously reported. Bilateral, intrahemispheric, posterior coherences were significantly increased in the alpha and beta frequency bands both in long-term abstinent and non-abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects - particularly when depressiveness was included as a covariate. CONCLUSION These results suggest that increased EEG-coherence (cortical synchronization) may serve as endophenotype for alcoholism in conjunction with increased depressiveness and point to a possible involvement of GABAergic and/or glutamatergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Winterer
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Winterer G, Mulert C, Mientus S, Gallinat J, Schlattmann P, Dorn H, Herrmann WM. P300 and LORETA: comparison of normal subjects and schizophrenic patients. Brain Topogr 2002; 13:299-313. [PMID: 11545159 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011184814194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of the present study 1) to investigate how many cortical activity maxima of scalp-recorded P300 are detected by Low Resolution Electromagentic Tomography (LORETA) when analyses are performed with high time-resolution, 2) to see if the resulting LORETA-solution is in accordance with intracortical recordings as reported by others and 3) to compare the given pattern of cortical activation maxima in the P300-timeframe between schizophrenic patients and normal controls. Current density analysis was performed in 3-D Talairach space with high time resolution i.e. in 6 ms steps. This was done during an auditory choice reaction paradigm separately for normal subjects and schizophrenic patients with subsequent group comparisons. In normal subjects, a sequence of at least seven cortical activation maxima was found between 240-420ms poststimulus: the prefrontal cortex, anterior or medial cingulum, posterior cingulum, parietal cortex, temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, medial or anterior cingulum. Within the given limits of spatial resolution, this sequential maxima distribution largely met the expectations from reports on intracranial recordings and functional neuroimaging studies. However, localization accuracy was higher near the central midline than at lateral aspects of the brain. Schizophrenic patients less activated their cortex in a widespread area mainly in the left hemisphere including the prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulum and the temporal lobe. From these analyses and comparsions with intracranial recordings as reported by others, it is concluded that LORETA correctly localizes P300-related cortical activity maxima on the basis of 19 electrodes except for lateral cortical aspects which is most likely an edge-phenomenon. The data further suggest that the P300-deficit in schizophrenics involves an extended cortical network of the left hemisphere at several steps in time during the information processing stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Winterer
- Department of Psychiatry, Free University Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Event-related potentials (ERPs) during an auditory oddball task were investigated in patients with schizophrenia and in their healthy siblings to explore the question of whether abnormalities of two-dimensional topographic scalp-distribution of P300 amplitude and latency relate to genetic risk for schizophrenia. We also examined the P50, N100, and P200-waves, elicited during the same task. METHODS We investigated 42 schizophrenic patients, 62 of their healthy siblings, and 34 unrelated normal control subjects with a standard auditory oddball paradigm and 16 electroencephalogram electrodes. Amplitudes and latencies of the ERPs P50, N100, P200, and P300 were topographically analyzed. RESULTS In the patients, P300 amplitude was significantly decreased in the range of 54%-58% over the left parietotemporal area. Siblings did not show decreased P300 amplitudes when compared with normal subjects. P300 latencies were unchanged in both groups. No significant group differences were observed for the other event-related potentials. CONCLUSIONS In line with previous studies, the P300 amplitude in schizophrenic patients was decreased over the left temporoparietal area; however, we found no evidence for a genetic trait effect in the event-related potential abnormality. Possible reasons for these largely negative findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Winterer
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH/NIH, Building 10, Room 4S229A MSC, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Winterer G, Egan MF, Rädler T, Hyde T, Coppola R, Weinberger DR. An association between reduced interhemispheric EEG coherence in the temporal lobe and genetic risk for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2001; 49:129-43. [PMID: 11343872 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that schizophrenic patients show resting changes such as frequency-slowing and decreased coherence in the frontal and temporal area. We sought to determine whether these findings are also found in clinically unaffected siblings of schizophrenics and estimate heritability by calculating relative risk. We investigated two independent data sets: (1) from the NIMH St. Elisabeth's campus (59 schizophrenics, 76 unaffected siblings and 32 unrelated normal controls) and (2) from the NIH-campus (Bethesda) (59 schizophrenics, 90 unaffected siblings and 26 unrelated normal controls). We computed power spectra and coherence on the first data set and then tried to replicate the results on the second data set. Power spectrum analysis suggested that schizophrenics are cortically hypoactivated, whereas in unaffected siblings, a tendency for hyperactivation was found. In contrast, spectral coherences (0.5-5Hz) were reduced in both data sets in the temporal lobe areas in schizophrenics and in their unaffected siblings. Changes were most pronounced for the interhemispheric coherence linking both posterior temporal lobe areas. Relative risk calculations (lambda(S)) ranged between 3.7 and 9.8, depending on phenotype definition. Thus, while power spectrum EEG abnormalities may be state-dependent, reduced coherence as a possible measure of neuronal synchronization is familial and potentially a heritable trait related to genetic risk for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Winterer
- Clinical Brain Disorder Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1379, USA.
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Mulert C, Gallinat J, Pascual-Marqui R, Dorn H, Frick K, Schlattmann P, Mientus S, Herrmann WM, Winterer G. Reduced event-related current density in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2001; 13:589-600. [PMID: 11305888 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is good evidence from neuroanatomic postmortem and functional imaging studies that dysfunction of the anterior cingulate cortex plays a prominent role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. So far, no electrophysiological localization study has been performed to investigate this deficit. We investigated 18 drug-free schizophrenic patients and 25 normal subjects with an auditory choice reaction task and measured event-related activity with 19 electrodes. Estimation of the current source density distribution in Talairach space was performed with low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). In normals, we could differentiate between an early event-related potential peak of the N1 (90-100 ms) and a later N1 peak (120-130 ms). Subsequent current-density LORETA analysis in Talairach space showed increased activity in the auditory cortex area during the first N1 peak and increased activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus during the second N1 peak. No activation difference was observed in the auditory cortex between normals and patients with schizophrenia. However, schizophrenics showed significantly less anterior cingulate gyrus activation and slowed reaction times. Our results confirm previous findings of an electrical source in the anterior cingulate and an anterior cingulate dysfunction in schizophrenics. Our data also suggest that anterior cingulate function in schizophrenics is disturbed at a relatively early time point in the information-processing stream (100-140 ms poststimulus).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mulert
- Laboratory for Clinical Psychophysiology, Free University, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
In order to better understand whether cortical hypoactivation and hypofrontality is a possible risk marker for schizophrenia, we investigated resting EEG activity in 39 unmedicated schizophrenics and 21 persons with schizotypal personality. Compared to a normal control group, we found an increased, frontally pronounced delta activity in schizophrenic patients, a result that is in accordance with other studies. Subjects with schizotypal personality, who are believed to have an increased risk for schizophrenia, did not show an increase of delta activity. From this result, we concluded that cortical hypoactivation and hypofrontality -- defined as an increase of frontally pronounced delta activity during resting EEG -- cannot be interpreted as a risk factor for schizophrenia. However, since it is controversial whether subjects with schizotypal personality are at increased risk for schizophrenia, further studies in unaffected family members of schizophrenic patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wuebben
- Department of Psychiatry, Free University of Berlin, Eschenallee 3, 14050 Berlin, Germany.
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