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Sampaio-Junior B, Tortella G, Borrione L, Moffa AH, Machado-Vieira R, Cretaz E, Fernandes da Silva A, Fraguas R, Aparício LV, Klein I, Lafer B, Goerigk S, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA, Gattaz WF, Brunoni AR. Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as an Add-on Treatment for Bipolar Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2018; 75:158-166. [PMID: 29282470 PMCID: PMC5838572 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance More effective, tolerable interventions for bipolar depression treatment are needed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a novel therapeutic modality with few severe adverse events that showed promising results for unipolar depression. Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of tDCS as an add-on treatment for bipolar depression. Design, Setting, and Participants A randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial (the Bipolar Depression Electrical Treatment Trial [BETTER]) was conducted from July 1, 2014, to March 30, 2016, at an outpatient, single-center academic setting. Participants included 59 adults with type I or II bipolar disorder in a major depressive episode and receiving a stable pharmacologic regimen with 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) scores higher than 17. Data were analyzed in the intention-to-treat sample. Interventions Ten daily 30-minute, 2-mA, anodal-left and cathodal-right prefrontal sessions of active or sham tDCS on weekdays and then 1 session every fortnight until week 6. Main Outcomes and Measures Change in HDRS-17 scores at week 6. Results Fifty-nine patients (40 [68%] women), with a mean (SD) age of 45.9 (12) years participated; 36 (61%) with bipolar I and 23 (39%) with bipolar II disorder were randomized and 52 finished the trial. In the intention-to-treat analysis, patients in the active tDCS condition showed significantly superior improvement compared with those receiving sham (βint = -1.68; number needed to treat, 5.8; 95% CI, 3.3-25.8; P = .01). Cumulative response rates were higher in the active vs sham groups (67.6% vs 30.4%; number needed to treat, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.84-4.99; P = .01), but not remission rates (37.4% vs 19.1%; number needed to treat, 5.46; 95% CI, 3.38-14.2; P = .18). Adverse events, including treatment-emergent affective switches, were similar between groups, except for localized skin redness that was higher in the active group (54% vs 19%; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance In this trial, tDCS was an effective, safe, and tolerable add-on intervention for this small bipolar depression sample. Further trials should examine tDCS efficacy in a larger sample. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02152878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Sampaio-Junior
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and National Institute of Biomarkers in Psychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Tortella
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and National Institute of Biomarkers in Psychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Borrione
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano H. Moffa
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and National Institute of Biomarkers in Psychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Pathophysiology Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | - Eric Cretaz
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Fernandes da Silva
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renério Fraguas
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana V. Aparício
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izio Klein
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephan Goerigk
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychological Methodology and Assessment, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabela Martins Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner F. Gattaz
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and National Institute of Biomarkers in Psychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Russowsky Brunoni
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and National Institute of Biomarkers in Psychiatry, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Cuozzo SA, Sineli PE, Davila Costa J, Tortella G. Streptomyces sp. is a powerful biotechnological tool for the biodegradation of HCH isomers: biochemical and molecular basis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:719-728. [PMID: 29124958 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1398133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are well-known degraders of toxic materials that have the ability to tolerate and remove organochloride pesticides; thus, they are used for bioremediation. The biodegradation of organochlorines by actinobacteria has been demonstrated in pure and mixed cultures with the concomitant production of metabolic intermediates including γ-pentachlorocyclohexene (γ-PCCH); 1,3,4,6-tetrachloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene (1,4-TCDN); 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB), or 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB); 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TCB), 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB), or 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB); 1,3-DCB; and 1,2-DCB. Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric detection, especially GC-MS, is typically used to determine HCH-isomer metabolites. The important enzymes involved in HCH isomer degradation metabolic pathways include hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase (LinA), haloalkane dehalogenase (LinB), and alcohol dehydrogenase (LinC). The metabolic versatility of these enzymes is known. Advances have been made in the identification of actinobacterial haloalkane dehydrogenase, which is encoded by linB. This knowledge will permit future improvements in biodegradation processes using Actinobacteria. The enzymatic and genetic characterizations of the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes have not been fully elucidated, necessitating further studies. New advances in this area suggest promising results. The scope of this paper encompasses the following: (i) the aerobic degradation pathways of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers; (ii) the important genes and enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of HCH isomer degradation; and (iii) the identification and quantification of intermediate metabolites through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Cuozzo
- a Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET) , Tucumán , Argentina.,b Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo , Universidad Nacional de Tucumán , Tucumán , Argentina
| | - P E Sineli
- a Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET) , Tucumán , Argentina
| | - J Davila Costa
- a Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET) , Tucumán , Argentina
| | - G Tortella
- c Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA) , Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile.,d Departamento de Ingeniería Química , Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile
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Brunoni AR, Tortella G, Benseñor IM, Lotufo PA, Carvalho AF, Fregni F. Cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in depression: Results from the SELECT-TDCS trial and insights for further clinical trials. J Affect Disord 2016; 202:46-52. [PMID: 27253216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction treatment remains an unmet clinical need in major depressive disorder (MDD). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may improve cognitive symptoms in MDD. Our aim was to investigate the cognitive effects of tDCS in the Sertraline vs. Electric Current Therapy for Treating Depression Clinical Study (SELECT-TDCS). We also explored whether tDCS could have mood-independent cognitive effects. METHODS One hundred twenty MDD patients aged from 18 to 65 years received 12 sessions of active/sham tDCS (2mA for 30min) and real/placebo 50mg/d sertraline over 6 weeks in a factorial trial. We analyzed whether changes in performance of neuropsychological tests (Trail Making, Digit Span, Stroop Task, Mini-Mental Status Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment) occurred over time, according to treatment group and depression improvement. Exploratory analyses were carried out to verify the influence of clinical and demographic variables on the outcomes. RESULTS Cognitive improvement was showed in most tests used, although they occurred regardless of intervention type and depression improvement. Further exploratory analyses revealed that clinical response and education level could have mediated pro-cognitive tDCS effects on some of the tests used. LIMITATIONS The neuropsychological battery used might not have been sensitive to detect tDCS-induced effects on cognition. Lack of simultaneous cognitive training during application may have also limited its cognitive effects. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of beneficial or deleterious cognitive effects of tDCS as a treatment for depression. We discussed clinical trial design considerations for further tDCS studies assessing cognitive effects, including sample and outcomes considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Russowsky Brunoni
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Tortella
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation (SIN), Laboratory of Neurosciences (LIM-27), Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Martins Benseñor
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research & Interdisciplinary Center for Applied Neuromodulation (CINA), University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Ferrer Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Center for Clinical Research Learning, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard University, USA
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Sineli PE, Tortella G, Dávila Costa JS, Benimeli CS, Cuozzo SA. Evidence of α-, β- and γ-HCH mixture aerobic degradation by the native actinobacteria Streptomyces sp. M7. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:81. [PMID: 27038951 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The organochlorine insecticide γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH, lindane) and its non-insecticidal α- and β-isomers continue to pose serious environmental and health concerns, although their use has been restricted or completely banned for decades. In this study we report the first evidence of the growth ability of a Streptomyces strain in a mineral salt medium containing high doses of α- and β-HCH (16.6 mg l(-1)) as a carbon source. Degradation of HCH isomers by Streptomyces sp. M7 was investigated after 1, 4, and 7 days of incubation, determining chloride ion release, and residues in the supernatants by GC with µECD detection. The results show that both the α- and β-HCH isomers were effectively metabolized by Streptomyces sp. M7, with 80 and 78 % degradation respectively, after 7 days of incubation. Moreover, pentachlorocyclohexenes and tetrachlorocyclohexenes were detected as metabolites. In addition, the formation of possible persistent compounds such as chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols were studied by GC-MS, while no phenolic compounds were detected. In conclusion, we have demonstrated for the first time that Streptomyces sp. M7 can degrade α- and β-isomers individually or combined with γ-HCH and could be considered as a potential agent for bioremediation of environments contaminated by organochlorine isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Sineli
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T40001 MVB, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - G Tortella
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - J S Dávila Costa
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T40001 MVB, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - C S Benimeli
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T40001 MVB, Tucumán, Argentina
- Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino (UNSTA), 9 de Julio 165, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - S A Cuozzo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, T40001 MVB, Tucumán, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Tortella G, Selingardi PML, Moreno ML, Veronezi BP, Brunoni AR. Does non-invasive brain stimulation improve cognition in major depressive disorder? A systematic review. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2015; 13:1759-69. [PMID: 25470400 DOI: 10.2174/1871527313666141130224431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been increasingly used in different contexts to improve cognitive performance and ameliorate depression symptoms. Considering that major depression is usually accompanied by cognitive deficits, NIBS technique could be also helpful to improve cognition in depressed patients. In this systematic review, we researched for articles published in PubMed/MEDLINE from the first date available to June 2014 that assessed cognitive performance in patients with depression before and after NIBS. Out of 191 references, 25 (16 for rTMS and 9 for tDCS) studies matched our eligibility criteria. Non-invasive brain stimulation interventions, such as rTMS and tDCS seem to be a promising tool for cognitive enhancement in MDD, although several issues and biases (e.g., blinding issues, tests without correction for multiple comparisons, placebo effects and exploratory analyses, practice effects) hinder us to conclude that NIBS technique improve cognition in patients with depression. We discussed possible shortcomings of the included studies, such as the use of different depression treatment protocols, the possibility that some findings were false-positive results of the employed cognitive tasks and whether cognition improvement could have been an epiphenomenon secondary to depression improvement. To conclude, whereas these non-pharmacological, non-invasive techniques are particularly appealing for cognitive improvement in depression, further studies are still warranted to disentangle whether NIBS technique induce positive effects on cognition beyond their antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andre R Brunoni
- R. Dr. Ovidio Pires de Campos, 785, CEP 05043-000, 2nd floor, Instituto de Psiquiatria - HCFMUSP, Sao Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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Tortella G, Casati R, Aparicio LVM, Mantovani A, Senço N, D’Urso G, Brunelin J, Guarienti F, Selingardi PML, Muszkat D, Junior BDSP, Valiengo L, Moffa AH, Simis M, Borrione L, Brunoni AR. Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders. World J Psychiatry 2015; 5:88-102. [PMID: 25815258 PMCID: PMC4369553 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v5.i1.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers because of its easiness to use, low cost, benign profile of side effects and encouraging results of research in the field. This interest has generated several studies and randomized clinical trials, particularly in psychiatry. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the technique and its mechanism of action as well as a review of the methodological aspects of randomized clinical trials in psychiatry, including studies in affective disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, child psychiatry and substance use disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of tDCS use in cognitive enhancement as well as a discussion regarding its clinical use and regulatory and ethical issues. Although many promising results regarding tDCS efficacy were described, the total number of studies is still low, highlighting the need of further studies aiming to replicate these findings in larger samples as to provide a definite picture regarding tDCS efficacy in psychiatry.
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Tortella G, Durán N, Rubilar O, Parada M, Diez MC. Are white-rot fungi a real biotechnological option for the improvement of environmental health? Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:165-72. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.823597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Diez MC, Gallardo F, Tortella G, Rubilar O, Navia R, Bornhardt C. Chlorophenol degradation in soil columns inoculated with Anthracophyllum discolor immobilized on wheat grains. J Environ Manage 2012; 95 Suppl:S83-S87. [PMID: 20971547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor immobilized on wheat grains was evaluated for chlorophenol (2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol) degradation in allophanic soil columns activated by acidification. Columns without inoculation were used as the control to evaluate the adsorption capacity of the soil columns. The chlorophenols were removed efficiently in soil columns by both adsorption and degradation processes. In inoculated soil columns, 2,4-dichlorophenol was highly degraded and this degradation is associated with a high production of manganese peroxidase. 2,4,6-trichlorophenol was degraded to a lesser extent compared with 2,4-dichlorophenol. Pentachlorophenol was first removed by adsorption and then through degradation by the fungus. Manganese peroxidase activity was lowest when the column was fed with pentachlorophenol and highest when the column was fed with 2,4-dichlorophenol. Laccase was also produced by the fungus but to a lesser degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Diez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, PO Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Myczkowski ML, Dias AM, Luvisotto T, Arnaut D, Bellini BB, Mansur CG, Rennó J, Tortella G, Ribeiro PL, Marcolin MA. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on clinical, social, and cognitive performance in postpartum depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2012; 8:491-500. [PMID: 23118543 PMCID: PMC3484900 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s33851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot study evaluated the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on clinical, cognitive, and social performance in women suffering with postpartum depression. METHODS Fourteen patients were randomized to receive 20 sessions of sham rTMS or active 5 Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Psychiatric clinical scales and a neuropsychological battery were applied at baseline (pretreatment), week 4 (end of treatment), and week 6 (follow-up, posttreatment week 2). RESULTS The active rTMS group showed significant improvement 2 weeks after the end of rTMS treatment (week 6) in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (P = 0.020), Global Assessment Scale (P = 0.037), Clinical Global Impression (P = 0.047), and Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report-Work at Home (P = 0.020). CONCLUSION This study suggests that rTMS has the potential to improve the clinical condition in postpartum depression, while producing marginal gains in social and cognitive function.
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Cea M, Jorquera M, Rubilar O, Langer H, Tortella G, Diez MC. Bioremediation of soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol by Anthracophyllum discolor and its effect on soil microbial community. J Hazard Mater 2010; 181:315-323. [PMID: 20605683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation is a promising technology to clean up sites contaminated with recalcitrant chemicals. White-rot fungi have proven to be effective in the degradation of pentachlorophenol. Here, we report the bioremediation of soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) by Anthracophyllum discolor and its impact on the soil microbial community. In this study three types of microcosms were established: fresh soil (C(0)), fresh soil plus wheat straw (WS(0)) and, fresh soil plus wheat straw inoculated with A. discolor (WSAD(0)). Additionally, similar treatments and a control of sterile soil spiked with PCP (C(250), WS(250) and WSAD(250)) were used to evaluate the remediation and adsorption of PCP. The PCP removal, total microbial activity, and enzymatic activities were evaluated. This study also investigated the structure of soil microbial community by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), identifying some of the dominant bacterial and fungal species. The results showed that PCP was effectively degraded in soils by A. discolor and by indigenous soil microorganisms. The addition of wheat straw increased the PCP degradation and enzymatic activities. Only laccase activity was negatively affected by PCP contamination. The PCP degradation was associated with changes in microbial communities, mainly stimulation of members of bacterial phylum Proteobacteria (Xanthomonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae), and fungal phylum Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. This study shows the ability of A. discolor to degrade PCP from contaminated soil, and demonstrates that agricultural residues, such as wheat straw, can be used as growth substrate by microorganisms in PCP-contaminated soil, demonstrating a great potential of autochthonous microorganisms for soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cea
- Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla, Temuco, Chile.
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