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Barnes GD, Kong X, Cole D, Haymart B, Kline-Rogers E, Almany S, Dahu M, Ekola M, Kaatz S, Kozlowski J, Froehlich JB. Extended International Normalized Ratio testing intervals for warfarin-treated patients. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1307-1312. [PMID: 29763979 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Warfarin typically requires International Normalized Ratio (INR) testing at least every 4 weeks. We implemented extended INR testing for stable warfarin patients in six anticoagulation clinics. Use of extended INR testing increased from 41.8% to 69.3% over the 3 year study. Use of extended INR testing appeared safe and effective. SUMMARY Background A previous single-center randomized trial suggested that patients with stable International Normalized Ratio (INR) values could safely receive INR testing as infrequently as every 12 weeks. Objective To test the success of implementation of an extended INR testing interval for stable warfarin patients in a practice-based, multicenter collaborative of anticoagulation clinics. Methods At six anticoagulation clinics, patients were identified as being eligible for extended INR testing on the basis of prior INR value stability and minimal warfarin dose changes between 2014 and 2016. We assessed the frequency with which anticoagulation clinic providers recommended an extended INR testing interval (> 5 weeks) to eligible patients. We also explored safety outcomes for eligible patients, including next INR values, bleeding events, and emergency department visits. Results At least one eligible period for extended INR testing was identified in 890 of 3362 (26.5%) warfarin-treated patients. Overall, the use of extended INR testing in eligible patients increased from 41.8% in the first quarter of 2014 to 69.3% in the fourth quarter of 2016. The number of subsequent out-of-range next INR values were similar between eligible patients who did and did not have an extended INR testing interval (27.3% versus 28.4%, respectively). The numbers of major bleeding events were not different between the two groups, but rates of clinically relevant non-major bleeding (0.02 per 100 patient-years versus 0.09 per 100 patient-years) and emergency department visits (0.07 per 100 patient-years versus 0.19 per 100 patient-years) were lower for eligible patients with extended INR testing intervals than for those with non-extended INR testing intervals. Conclusions Extended INR testing for stable warfarin patients can be successfully and safely implemented in diverse, practice-based anticoagulation clinic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Barnes
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - X Kong
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - D Cole
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - B Haymart
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - E Kline-Rogers
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Almany
- William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - M Dahu
- Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - M Ekola
- Memorial Health System, Owosso, MI, USA
| | - S Kaatz
- Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - J Kozlowski
- Detroit Medical Center, Commerce Township, MI, USA
| | - J B Froehlich
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Brash L, Barnes GD, Brewis MJ, Church AC, Gibbs SJ, Howard LSGE, Jayasekera G, Johnson MK, McGlinchey N, Onorato J, Simpson J, Stirrat C, Thomson S, Watson G, Wilkins MR, Xu C, Welsh DJ, Newby DE, Peacock AJ. Short-Term Hemodynamic Effects of Apelin in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:176-186. [PMID: 29876530 PMCID: PMC5981010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of apelin on pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with PAH are unknown. Systemic infusion caused a significant reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance and increase in cardiac output without a change in heart rate or systemic vascular resistance. This effect was most prominent in the subgroup of patients receiving concomitant PDE5 inhibition. Apelin agonism is a novel potential therapeutic target for PAH.
Apelin agonism causes systemic vasodilatation and increased cardiac contractility in humans, and improves pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in animal models. Here, the authors examined the short-term pulmonary hemodynamic effects of systemic apelin infusion in patients with PAH. In a double-blind randomized crossover study, 19 patients with PAH received intravenous (Pyr1)apelin-13 and matched saline placebo during invasive right heart catheterization. (Pyr1)apelin-13 infusion caused a reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance and increased cardiac output. This effect was accentuated in the subgroup of patients receiving concomitant phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition. Apelin agonism is a novel potential therapeutic target for PAH. (Effects of Apelin on the Lung Circulation in Pulmonary Hypertension; NCT01457170)
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brash
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth D Barnes
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service-London, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie J Brewis
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Colin Church
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Gibbs
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service-London, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke S G E Howard
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service-London, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geeshath Jayasekera
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martin K Johnson
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Neil McGlinchey
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joelle Onorato
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Discovery R&D, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Joanne Simpson
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Stirrat
- British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Thomson
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Watson
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service-London, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin R Wilkins
- National Pulmonary Hypertension Service-London, Department of Cardiac Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Xu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Discovery R&D, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David J Welsh
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David E Newby
- British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Peacock
- Scottish Pulmonary Vascular Unit, Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Barnes GD, Alam S, Carter G, Pedersen CM, Lee KM, Hubbard TJ, Veitch S, Jeong H, White A, Cruden NL, Huson L, Japp AG, Newby DE. Sustained Cardiovascular Actions of APJ Agonism During Renin–Angiotensin System Activation and in Patients With Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:482-91. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.111.000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D. Barnes
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Shirjel Alam
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Gordon Carter
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Christian M. Pedersen
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Kristina M. Lee
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Thomas J. Hubbard
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Scott Veitch
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Herim Jeong
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Audrey White
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Nicholas L. Cruden
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Les Huson
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - Alan G. Japp
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
| | - David E. Newby
- From the British Heart Foundation/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (G.D.B., S.A., C.M.P., K.M.L., T.J.H., S.V., H.J., A.W., D.E.N.); Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (A.G.J., N.L.C., D.E.N.); and Department of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK (L.H.)
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