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Franck G, Vorbe J, Caligiuri G, Illiano S, Nicoletti A. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis suggest mTORC1 and HSF1 cytosolic pathways to be involved in the endothelial cell response to fever. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2021.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Milam AJ, Furr-Holden D, Edwards-Johnson J, Webb B, Patton JW, Ezekwemba NC, Porter L, Davis T, Chukwurah M, Webb AJ, Simon K, Franck G, Anthony J, Onuoha G, Brown IM, Carson JT, Stephens BC. Are Clinicians Contributing to Excess African American COVID-19 Deaths? Unbeknownst to Them, They May Be. Health Equity 2020; 4:139-141. [PMID: 32368712 PMCID: PMC7194321 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
African Americans are overrepresented among reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and deaths. There are a multitude of factors that may explain the African American disparity in COVID-19 outcomes, including higher rates of comorbidities. While individual-level factors predictably contribute to disparate COVID-19 outcomes, systematic and structural factors have not yet been reported. It stands to reason that implicit biases may fuel the racial disparity in COVID-19 outcomes. To address this racial disparity, we must apply a health equity lens and disaggregate data explicitly for African Americans, as well as other populations at risk for biased treatment in the health-care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Milam
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, Michigan, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debra Furr-Holden
- Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Flint, Michigan, USA
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Birgete Webb
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - John W. Patton
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Lekiesha Porter
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - TomMario Davis
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Kevin Simon
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Geden Franck
- Memorial Hermann Health System, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Italo M. Brown
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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3
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Gautier A, Renard R, Dupont S, Journé C, Doblas S, Franck G, Michel J. Red blood cells collision with the wall in human coronary arteries promotes oxidative stress in early stage atheroma. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Franck G, Mawson T, Folco E, Molinaro R, Ruvkun V, Engelbertsen D, Liu X, Tesmenitsky Y, Shvartz E, Sukhova G, Michel J, Nicoletti A, Lichtman A, Wagner D, Libby K. Roles of PAD4 and netosis in experimental atherosclerosis and arterial injury: Implications for superficial erosion. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Syvannarath V, Morvan M, Even G, Franck G, Deschildre C, Deschamps L, Nataf P, Michel JB, Nicoletti A, Caligiuri G. P125Lack of neuregulin-1 expression is associated with CD31 shedding on cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of patients suffering from post-ischemic heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy060.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Even
- INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
| | | | | | - L Deschamps
- Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Patholgy, Paris, France
| | - P Nataf
- Hospital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Cardiac Surgery, Paris, France
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6
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Franck G, Sausen G, Mawson T, Salinas M, Masson G, Cole A, Beltrami-Moreira M, Chatzizisis Y, Tesmenitsky Y, Swartz E, Sukhova G, Swirski F, Nahrendorf M, Aikawa E, Croce K, Libby P. Flow perturbation mediates neutrophil recruitment and potentiates endothelial injury via TLR2 in mice. A novel in vivo approach for probing the pathophysiology of superficial erosion. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Franck G, Dai J, Fifre A. Reestablishment of the Endothelial Lining by Endothelial Cell Therapy Stabilizes Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Grisar T, Franck G, Schoffeniels E. Glial control of neuronal excitability in mammals: II. Enzymatic evidence : Two molecular forms of the (Na(+),K(+))-ATPase in brain. Neurochem Int 2012; 2C:311-20. [PMID: 20487797 DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(80)90038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The arguments supporting the existence of two molecular forms of the (Na(+), K(+))-ATPase in mammalian brain are reviewed. 1. Bulk isolated glial cells (Na(+), K(+))-ATPase activities are highly stimulated by K(+) ions between 5 and 20 mM. This phenomenon was reproduced with plasma membranes prepared from these cells but did not exist in neuronal (i.e. perikarial cells, neuronal membranes or synaptosomes) preparations. 2. This glial enzyme characteristic was not observed in young animals with histoenzymologically immature astrocytes. 3. The glial K(+)-dependent-paranitrophenylphosphatase (K(+)-pNPPase) was also activated by [K(+)](o) from 5 to 20 mM while no significant modification was shown for neuronal enzyme. 4. Kinetic analysis of the (Na(+), K(+))-ATPase activities, on the basis of the hysteretic model, demonstrated that the so-called physiological efficiency (V(max)/K(m) app) of glial enzyme was highly increased by [K(+)](o) from 5 to 20 mM. This phenomenon was not observed in neuronal preparations. These data indicated the existence in glial membranes of a (Na(+), K(+))-ATPase different from the neuronal enzyme and, because its particular structure, highly activated in presence of elevated [K(+)](o) (20 mM) the evolutionnary significance of this phenomenon is an active control of [K(+)](o) by glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Grisar
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Laboratory of General and Comparative Biochemistry, University of Liège, 17 Pl. Delcour, 4020 Liège, Belgium
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10
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Laureys S, Boly M, Schnakers C, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Bruno MA, Noirhomme Q, Ledoux D, Faymonville ME, Lamy M, Franck G, Luxen A, Maquet P, Moonen G. Revelations from the unconscious: studying residual brain function in coma and related states. Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 2008; 163:381-390. [PMID: 19445108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our research is to contribute to a better understanding of the residual brain function of patients who survive an acute brain damage but remain in a coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state or locked-in syndrome. The diagnosis, prognosis, therapy and medical management of these patients remain difficult. These studies are also of interest scientifically, as they help to elucidate the neural correlates of human consciousness. We here review our studies on bedside behavioral evaluation scales, electrophysiology and functional neuroimaging in these disorders of consciousness and conclude by discussing methodological and ethical issues and current concepts of the standards for care and quality of life in these challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laureys
- Neurology Department and Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège and CHU Sart Tilman--University Hospital, Liège
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11
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Potier P, Sasaki A, Bakala J, García-Alvarez MC, Franck G, Nhiri N, Wang Q, Ermolenko L, Nguefeu Y, Calvo F, Gautier JF. [New aspects of diabetes]. Ann Pharm Fr 2006; 63:371-84. [PMID: 16292231 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(05)82307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Type II diabetes is a serious, insidious disease which is growing at an impressive rate, with 200 million diabetics worldwide and as many who ignore their state. Having been seriously studied over more than a century and a half, an enormous quantity of knowledge regarding this disease has been accumulated. The research we are conducting has allowed us to identify the most important actors responsible for diabetes. These are glucose which leads to glyoxal and to methylglyoxal which in turn reacts with innumerable targets in the organism (including insulin) unless prevented from doing so by detoxifying mechanisms (e.g., glyoxalases). The role of microorganisms in the occurrence and development of diabetes has also to be seriously examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Potier
- Institut de Chimie des substances naturelles du CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, F91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex
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12
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Franck G. [Speech by M. G. Franck, departing President]. Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 2005; 160:92-5. [PMID: 16116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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13
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Faymonville ME, Pantke KH, Berré J, Sadzot B, Ferring M, de Tiège X, Mavroudakis N, van Bogaert P, Lambermont B, Damas P, Franck G, Lamy M, Luxen A, Moonen G, Goldman S, Maquet P, Laureys S. Zerebrale Funktionen bei hirngeschädigten Patienten. Anaesthesist 2004; 53:1195-202. [PMID: 15597160 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-004-0747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Comatose, vegetative, minimally conscious or locked-in patients represent a problem in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and everyday management at the intensive care unit. The evaluation of possible cognitive functions in these patients is difficult because voluntary movements may be very small, inconsistent and easily exhausted. Functional neuroimaging cannot replace the clinical assessment of patients with altered states of consciousness. Nevertheless, it can describe objectively how deviant from normal the cerebral activity is and its regional distribution at rest and under various conditions of stimulation. The quantification of brain activity differentiates patients who sometimes only differ by a brief and incomplete blink of an eye. In the present paper, we will first try to define consciousness as it can be assessed at the patient's bedside. We then review the major clinical entities of altered states of consciousness encountered in the intensive care unit. Finally, we discuss the functional neuroanatomy of these conditions as assessed by positron emission tomography (PET) scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-E Faymonville
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Belgium
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14
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Ochs M, Benedikt G, Franck G, Seemann H, Verres R, Schweitzer J. Prim�re Kopfschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen: Zufriedenheit der Eltern mit ihrer Paarbeziehung. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-003-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Fabinski W, Franck G. Betriebsmeßgeräte zur Konzentrationsmessung von Gasen und Flüssigkeiten. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.330601211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Franck G. [Academic praise to Professor J. Radermecker]. Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 2003; 158:346-52. [PMID: 15132005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
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17
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Laureys S, Faymonville ME, Peigneux P, Damas P, Lambermont B, Del Fiore G, Degueldre C, Aerts J, Luxen A, Franck G, Lamy M, Moonen G, Maquet P. Cortical processing of noxious somatosensory stimuli in the persistent vegetative state. Neuroimage 2002. [PMID: 12377148 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2002.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent vegetative state (PVS) is a devastating medical condition characterized by preserved wakefulness contrasting with absent voluntary interaction with the environment. We used positron emission tomography to assess the central processing of noxious somatosensory stimuli in the PVS. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow were measured during high-intensity electrical stimulation of the median nerve compared with rest in 15 nonsedated patients and in 15 healthy controls. Evoked potentials were recorded simultaneously. The stimuli were experienced as highly unpleasant to painful in controls. Brain glucose metabolism was also studied with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose in resting conditions. In PVS patients, overall cerebral metabolism was 40% of normal values. Nevertheless, noxious somatosensory stimulation-activated midbrain, contralateral thalamus, and primary somatosensory cortex in each and every PVS patient, even in the absence of detectable cortical evoked potentials. Secondary somatosensory, bilateral insular, posterior parietal, and anterior cingulate cortices did not show activation in any patient. Moreover, in PVS patients, the activated primary somatosensory cortex was functionally disconnected from secondary somatosensory, bilateral posterior parietal, premotor, polysensory superior temporal, and prefrontal cortices. In conclusion, somatosensory stimulation of PVS patients, at intensities that elicited pain in controls, resulted in increased neuronal activity in primary somatosensory cortex, even if resting brain metabolism was severely impaired. However, this activation of primary cortex seems to be isolated and dissociated from higher-order associative cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laureys
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège B30, Department of Neurology, CHU B35, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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18
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Laureys S, Faymonville ME, Peigneux P, Damas P, Lambermont B, Del Fiore G, Degueldre C, Aerts J, Luxen A, Franck G, Lamy M, Moonen G, Maquet P. Cortical processing of noxious somatosensory stimuli in the persistent vegetative state. Neuroimage 2002. [PMID: 12377148 DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(02)91236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent vegetative state (PVS) is a devastating medical condition characterized by preserved wakefulness contrasting with absent voluntary interaction with the environment. We used positron emission tomography to assess the central processing of noxious somatosensory stimuli in the PVS. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow were measured during high-intensity electrical stimulation of the median nerve compared with rest in 15 nonsedated patients and in 15 healthy controls. Evoked potentials were recorded simultaneously. The stimuli were experienced as highly unpleasant to painful in controls. Brain glucose metabolism was also studied with [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose in resting conditions. In PVS patients, overall cerebral metabolism was 40% of normal values. Nevertheless, noxious somatosensory stimulation-activated midbrain, contralateral thalamus, and primary somatosensory cortex in each and every PVS patient, even in the absence of detectable cortical evoked potentials. Secondary somatosensory, bilateral insular, posterior parietal, and anterior cingulate cortices did not show activation in any patient. Moreover, in PVS patients, the activated primary somatosensory cortex was functionally disconnected from secondary somatosensory, bilateral posterior parietal, premotor, polysensory superior temporal, and prefrontal cortices. In conclusion, somatosensory stimulation of PVS patients, at intensities that elicited pain in controls, resulted in increased neuronal activity in primary somatosensory cortex, even if resting brain metabolism was severely impaired. However, this activation of primary cortex seems to be isolated and dissociated from higher-order associative cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laureys
- Cyclotron Research Center, University of Liège B30, Department of Neurology, CHU B35, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Ochs M, Seemann H, Bader U, Miksch A, Franck G, Verres R, Schweitzer J. [Primary headache in childhood and adolescence. The association between changes in family interaction patterns and therapy success--a pilot study]. Schmerz 2002; 16:179-85. [PMID: 12077677 DOI: 10.1007/s004820100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Family interaction patterns are often involved in diseases and disorders in childhood and adolescence in complex ways (e.g in their development, maintenance and cure). The present study deals with the role of family factors in success in a pediatric headache therapy consisting of group hypnotherapy and systemic family consultation. METHODS A sample of 12 outpatients, aged 9-15 years and balanced in sex, is investigated. Patients were diagnosed by IHS-criteria. Global symptom strain was measured by numeric rating scale (NRS) at pre-appointment and at 9-months follow-up appointment. Also family interaction patterns associated with the occurrence of headache symptoms were measured by content analysis. RESULTS We found an association between changes in two independently assessed variables: global symptom strain and family interaction patterns. (1) When patients assessed global symptom strain as unchanged, family interaction patterns associated with headache were also assessed as unchanged by observers; (2) when patients assessed their global symptom strain as positively changed, family interaction pattern associated with headache were also assessed as positively changed by observers. CONCLUSION These data provide empirical evidence about when to include family in treatment of pediatric headache: when rigid family interaction patterns associated with headache complicate a symptom change.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ochs
- Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie, Universitätsklinikum, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lekeu F, Marczewski P, Van der Linden M, Collette F, Degueldre C, Del Fiore G, Luxen A, Franck G, Moonen G, Salmon E. Effects of incidental and intentional feature binding on recognition: a behavioural and PET activation study. Neuropsychologia 2002; 40:131-44. [PMID: 11640936 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using Positron Emission Tomography (PET), we investigated cerebral regions associated with the episodic recognition of words alone and words bound to contextual colours. Two modes of colour encoding were tested: incidental and intentional word-to-colour binding. Word-only recognition was associated with brain activation in a lexico-semantic left middle temporal region and in the cerebellum following an incidental colour encoding, and with brain activation in the left posterior middle frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate and right inferior frontal gyrus following an intentional encoding. Recognition of bound features was associated with activation in left prefrontal and superior parietal regions following an incidental colour encoding, and with preferential right prefrontal cortex activation following an intentional colour encoding. Our results are in line with the hypothesis of a parietal involvement in context processing, and prefrontal areas in monitoring retrieval processes. Our results also support the hypothesis of a 'cortical asymmetry for reflective activity' (CARA).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lekeu
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, 8 Allée du 6 Août-B 30, University of Liège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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21
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Peigneux P, Salmon E, Garraux G, Laureys S, Willems S, Dujardin K, Degueldre C, Lemaire C, Luxen A, Moonen G, Franck G, Destee A, Van der Linden M. Neural and cognitive bases of upper limb apraxia in corticobasal degeneration. Neurology 2001; 57:1259-68. [PMID: 11591846 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.57.7.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the neural and cognitive bases of upper limb apraxia in corticobasal degeneration (CBD). METHODS Eighteen patients with CBD underwent a cognitive neuropsychological assessment of apraxia and resting [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET scanning. Two complementary measures of apraxia were computed for each modality of gesture production. First, a performance score measured error frequency during gesture execution. Second, as a more stringent test of the integrity of the praxis system, the correction score measured the patient's ability to correct his or her errors on a second attempt. For each measure type, a cut-off score for the presence of apraxia was defined with regard to healthy controls. Using each cut-off score, the regional cerebral glucose metabolism of patients with CBD with apraxia (i.e., performing below cut-off score) was compared with that of patients with CBD without apraxia. RESULTS Mean performance scores were below normal values in all modalities. Anterior cingulate hypometabolism predominated in patients with CBD who performed below the cut-off performance score. At variance, mean correction scores were below normal values for gesture imitation only. Hypometabolism in superior parietal lobule and supplementary motor area characterized patients with CBD who were unable to correct their errors at the same rate as control subjects did. CONCLUSIONS Distinct neural networks underlie distinct aspects of the upper limb apraxic deficits in CBD. Extending previous findings of gesture production deficits in CBD, the use of complementary measures of apraxic behavior discloses a visuoimitative upper limb apraxia in CBD, underlain by a metabolic decrease in a parietofrontal neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Peigneux
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Service de Neuropsychologie, Université de Liège, Belgium.
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Abstract
This report emphasizes the precise topographic distribution of cerebral metabolic impairment in corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and the pathophysiological differences between CBD and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Statistical parametric mapping (SPM96) analysis of 18FDG positron emission tomography (PET) data was performed in 22 patients with CBD compared with 46 healthy subjects (HS) and 21 patients with PSP who were studied at rest. A statistical threshold of p <0.001 was fixed, further corrected for multiple or independent comparisons (p <0.05). In comparison with HS, the metabolic impairment in CBD was asymmetrically distributed in the putamen, thalamus, precentral (Brodmann's area, BA 4), lateral premotor (BA 6/44) and supplementary motor areas (SMA, BA 6), dorsolateral prefrontal (8/9/46) cortex, and the anterior part of the inferior parietal lobe (BA 40) including the intraparietal sulcus (BA 7/40). A similar hypometabolic pattern was observed for most individual analyses. When PSP was compared with CBD, metabolic impairment predominated in the midbrain, anterior cingulate (BA 24/32), and orbitofrontal regions (BA 10). The reverse contrast showed more posterior involvement in CBD (BA 6 and 5/7/40) including SMA. Our data suggest that multiple components of neural networks related to both movement execution and production of skilled movements are functionally disturbed in CBD compared with both HS and PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garraux
- Cyclotron Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of Liège, Belgium
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23
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Abstract
The aim of the study was to emphasize cerebral regions which subserve the performance of short-term memory tasks in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We correlated scores obtained on span tasks with cerebral metabolism measured at rest with positron emission tomography. Scores obtained on the digit span task correlated with glucose metabolism in a brain area centered on the premotor cortex and extending to the adjacent motor and parietal gyri. There exists some evidence suggesting that this area may subserve the sequential organization of material stored in short-term memory. In a secondary analysis, we also observed significant interregional correlations between left-sided brain areas which are part of the neural network subserving verbal working memory processes in healthy controls. These data suggest that individual performance on verbal span tasks in AD patients may essentially depend on the preservation of their ordination processing capacity. The absence of correlation with prefrontal regions suggests that AD patients might not spontaneously engage central executive resources to reach their maximal span score. For simultaneous visuospatial span task, the performance of patients correlated with posterior brain regions, and not with prefrontal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Collette
- Department of Neuropsychology, Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liege, Belgium
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Laureys S, Faymonville ME, Degueldre C, Fiore GD, Damas P, Lambermont B, Janssens N, Aerts J, Franck G, Luxen A, Moonen G, Lamy M, Maquet P. Auditory processing in the vegetative state. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 8):1589-601. [PMID: 10908189 DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.8.1589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H(2)(15)O-PET was used to investigate changes in regional cerebral blood flow in response to auditory stimulation in patients in the vegetative state. Five patients in a vegetative state of hypoxic origin were compared with 18 age-matched controls. In addition, the cerebral metabolism of these patients and 53 age-matched controls was studied using [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose. In control subjects, auditory click stimuli activated bilateral auditory cortices [Brodmann areas (BA) 41 and 42] and the contralateral auditory association cortices (BA 22). In the patients, although resting metabolism was decreased to 61% of normal values, bilateral auditory areas 41 and 42 showed activation as seen in the controls, but the temporoparietal junction cortex (BA 22) failed to be activated. Moreover, the auditory association cortex was functionally disconnected from the posterior parietal association area (BA 40), the anterior cingulate cortex (BA 24) and the hippocampus, as revealed by psychophysiological interaction analysis. Thus, despite altered resting metabolism, the auditory primary cortices were still activated during external stimulation, whereas hierarchically higher-order multi- modal association areas were not. Such a cascade of functional disconnections along the auditory cortical pathways, from the primary auditory areas to multimodal and limbic areas, suggests that the residual cortical processing observed in the vegetative state cannot lead to the integrative processes that are thought to be necessary for the attainment of the normal level of awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laureys
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Belgium
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Peigneux P, Maquet P, Meulemans T, Destrebecqz A, Laureys S, Degueldre C, Delfiore G, Aerts J, Luxen A, Franck G, Van der Linden M, Cleeremans A. Striatum forever, despite sequence learning variability: a random effect analysis of PET data. Hum Brain Mapp 2000. [PMID: 10949055 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0193(200008)10:4<179::aid-hbm30>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This PET study is concerned with the what, where, and how of implicit sequence learning. In contrast with previous studies imaging the serial reaction time (SRT) task, the sequence of successive locations was determined by a probabilistic finite-state grammar. The implicit acquisition of statistical relationships between serially ordered elements (i.e., what) was studied scan by scan, aiming to evidence the brain areas (i.e., where) specifically involved in the implicit processing of this core component of sequential higher-order knowledge. As behavioural results demonstrate between- and within-subjects variability in the implicit acquisition of sequential knowledge through practice, functional PET data were modelled using a random-effect model analysis (i.e., how) to account for both sources of behavioural variability. First, two mean condition images were created per subject depending on the presence or not of implicit sequential knowledge at the time of each of the 12 scans. Next, direct comparison of these mean condition images provided the brain areas involved in sequential knowledge processing. Using this approach, we have shown that the striatum is involved in more than simple pairwise associations and that it has the capacity to process higher-order knowledge. We suggest that the striatum is not only involved in the implicit automatization of serial information through prefrontal cortex-caudate nucleus networks, but also that it plays a significant role for the selection of the most appropriate responses in the context created by both the current and previous stimuli, thus contributing to better efficiency and faster response preparation in the SRT task.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Peigneux
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Université de Liège, Belgium.
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26
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Maquet P, Laureys S, Peigneux P, Fuchs S, Petiau C, Phillips C, Aerts J, Del Fiore G, Degueldre C, Meulemans T, Luxen A, Franck G, Van Der Linden M, Smith C, Cleeremans A. Experience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep. Nat Neurosci 2000; 3:831-6. [PMID: 10903578 DOI: 10.1038/77744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The function of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep is still unknown. One prevailing hypothesis suggests that REM sleep is important in processing memory traces. Here, using positron emission tomography (PET) and regional cerebral blood flow measurements, we show that waking experience influences regional brain activity during subsequent sleep. Several brain areas activated during the execution of a serial reaction time task during wakefulness were significantly more active during REM sleep in subjects previously trained on the task than in non-trained subjects. These results support the hypothesis that memory traces are processed during REM sleep in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maquet
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Belgium.
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27
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Peigneux P, Maquet P, Meulemans T, Destrebecqz A, Laureys S, Degueldre C, Delfiore G, Aerts J, Luxen A, Franck G, Van der Linden M, Cleeremans A. Striatum forever, despite sequence learning variability: a random effect analysis of PET data. Hum Brain Mapp 2000; 10:179-94. [PMID: 10949055 PMCID: PMC6871789 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0193(200008)10:4<179::aid-hbm30>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This PET study is concerned with the what, where, and how of implicit sequence learning. In contrast with previous studies imaging the serial reaction time (SRT) task, the sequence of successive locations was determined by a probabilistic finite-state grammar. The implicit acquisition of statistical relationships between serially ordered elements (i.e., what) was studied scan by scan, aiming to evidence the brain areas (i.e., where) specifically involved in the implicit processing of this core component of sequential higher-order knowledge. As behavioural results demonstrate between- and within-subjects variability in the implicit acquisition of sequential knowledge through practice, functional PET data were modelled using a random-effect model analysis (i.e., how) to account for both sources of behavioural variability. First, two mean condition images were created per subject depending on the presence or not of implicit sequential knowledge at the time of each of the 12 scans. Next, direct comparison of these mean condition images provided the brain areas involved in sequential knowledge processing. Using this approach, we have shown that the striatum is involved in more than simple pairwise associations and that it has the capacity to process higher-order knowledge. We suggest that the striatum is not only involved in the implicit automatization of serial information through prefrontal cortex-caudate nucleus networks, but also that it plays a significant role for the selection of the most appropriate responses in the context created by both the current and previous stimuli, thus contributing to better efficiency and faster response preparation in the SRT task.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Peigneux
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Université de Liège, Belgium.
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28
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Peigneux P, Salmon E, van der Linden M, Garraux G, Aerts J, Delfiore G, Degueldre C, Luxen A, Orban G, Franck G. The role of lateral occipitotemporal junction and area MT/V5 in the visual analysis of upper-limb postures. Neuroimage 2000; 11:644-55. [PMID: 10860793 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans, like numerous other species, strongly rely on the observation of gestures of other individuals in their everyday life. It is hypothesized that the visual processing of human gestures is sustained by a specific functional architecture, even at an early prelexical cognitive stage, different from that required for the processing of other visual entities. In the present PET study, the neural basis of visual gesture analysis was investigated with functional neuroimaging of brain activity during naming and orientation tasks performed on pictures of either static gestures (upper-limb postures) or tridimensional objects. To prevent automatic object-related cerebral activation during the visual processing of postures, only intransitive postures were selected, i. e., symbolic or meaningless postures which do not imply the handling of objects. Conversely, only intransitive objects which cannot be handled were selected to prevent gesture-related activation during their visual processing. Results clearly demonstrate a significant functional segregation between the processing of static intransitive postures and the processing of intransitive tridimensional objects. Visual processing of objects elicited mainly occipital and fusiform gyrus activity, while visual processing of postures strongly activated the lateral occipitotemporal junction, encroaching upon area MT/V5, involved in motion analysis. These findings suggest that the lateral occipitotemporal junction, working in association with area MT/V5, plays a prominent role in the high-level perceptual analysis of gesture, namely the construction of its visual representation, available for subsequent recognition or imitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Peigneux
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Université de Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
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Abstract
Kufs' disease is the adult form of a group of disorders referred to as neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis or Batten's disease. We report here the clinical and anatomopathological features of two young brothers presenting with a progressive myoclonic epilepsy corresponding to type A of the disease according to Berkovic. The first clinical manifestations occurred before 20 years of age. Diagnosis was made in the older brother at autopsy and in the younger brother from a rectal biopsy. In addition to characteristic electron microscopic findings, enlarged neurons showed strong immunoreactivity against subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase which has been reported previously in only a few adult cases of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis. An extensive review of the published cases underlines the rarity of this condition, particularly when onset is early.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sadzot
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre (CHU), Liège-Sart Tilman, Belgium.
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30
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Abstract
By use of H2(15)O positron emission tomography we have shown that functional connectivity between intralaminar thalamic nuclei and prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices was altered during vegetative state but not after recovery of consciousness.
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31
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Peigneux P, Van Der Linden M, Andres-Benito P, Sadzot B, Franck G, Salmon E. [A neuropsychological and functional brain imaging study of visuo-imitative apraxia]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2000; 156:459-72. [PMID: 10844366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We describe the case of a 58-years-old right-handed women suffering from an occipital-parietal lesion. The administration of a cognitively based assessment tool for limb praxis (Batterie d'Evaluation des Praxies, B.E.P., Peigneux and Van der Linden, 1998) demonstrated bilateral visuo-imitative apraxia. Gesture production was mainly characterised by spatial, errors, and imitation of meaningful gestures was worse than their pantomime on verbal command. Moreover, the imitation of meaningless gestures and their reproduction on a manikin were worse than imitation of their matched meaningful gestures. In a cognitive perspective, adapted from the Rothi et al. (1997) and Goldenberg (1995) contributions to our understanding of limb praxis, this configuration of performance suggests deficits occurring at multiple levels. On one hand, it suggests either access difficulties or alteration of the output praxicon, i.e., the lexicon for visuo-kinesthetic engrams of meaningful gestures. On the other hand, the simultaneous deficit for meaningless gesture reproduction on the subject's own body and on a manikin favors an alteration of the structural descriptions of the human body (i.e., human body knowledge), underlying the mental transposition processes occurring between the visual analysis of a meaningless gestural configuration and its effective reproduction on oneself or on a manikin, thus contradicting the classic view of a direct pathway linking visual analysis and motor planning in meaningless gesture imitation. Finally, due to the output praxicon deficit, imitation of meaningful gestures is partly processed in the same way as meaningless gestures (also impaired in this case), leading to an interference effect between both degraded memory-based and visually-transposed traces, which account for imitation of meaningful gestures being worse than their pantomime on verbal command. We also assess regional cerebral metabolism using positron emission tomography (PET). Comparison with 41 healthy subjects (SPM96) demonstrated a statistically significant hypometabolism in the left intraparietal sulcus and superior parietal lobule, and in the right dorsal prestriate cortex. These results, together with a review of the other studies of visuo-imitative apraxia, suggest that the left intraparietal sulcus may be associated with access or integration of information from the output praxicon. The left superior parietal and the right dorsal prestriate deficits functionally impaired a bilateral dorsal network implied in the mental transformations of the body, thus suggesting that these mental transformations are underlined by knowledge of the human body, which may subsequently explain the deficit for the reproduction of meaningless and meaningful configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Peigneux
- Centre de Recherches du Cyclotron, Universit¿e de Liège, Belgique.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural mechanisms underlying the modulation of pain perception by hypnosis remain obscure. In this study, we used positron emission tomography in 11 healthy volunteers to identify the brain areas in which hypnosis modulates cerebral responses to a noxious stimulus. METHODS The protocol used a factorial design with two factors: state (hypnotic state, resting state, mental imagery) and stimulation (warm non-noxious vs. hot noxious stimuli applied to right thenar eminence). Two cerebral blood flow scans were obtained with the 15O-water technique during each condition. After each scan, the subject was asked to rate pain sensation and unpleasantness. Statistical parametric mapping was used to determine the main effects of noxious stimulation and hypnotic state as well as state-by-stimulation interactions (i.e., brain areas that would be more or less activated in hypnosis than in control conditions, under noxious stimulation). RESULTS Hypnosis decreased both pain sensation and the unpleasantness of noxious stimuli. Noxious stimulation caused an increase in regional cerebral blood flow in the thalamic nuclei and anterior cingulate and insular cortices. The hypnotic state induced a significant activation of a right-sided extrastriate area and the anterior cingulate cortex. The interaction analysis showed that the activity in the anterior (mid-)cingulate cortex was related to pain perception and unpleasantness differently in the hypnotic state than in control situations. CONCLUSIONS Both intensity and unpleasantness of the noxious stimuli are reduced during the hypnotic state. In addition, hypnotic modulation of pain is mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Faymonville
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and Neurology, and the Cyclotron Research Centre, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Salmon E, Collette F, Degueldre C, Lemaire C, Franck G. Voxel-based analysis of confounding effects of age and dementia severity on cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2000. [PMID: 10843517 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(200005)10:1<39::aid-hbm50>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by early hippocampal lesions, but neuropathological and functional imaging studies have also demonstrated involvement of associative cortices in patients suffering from this illness. New image-processing technologies have led to demonstration of predominant posteromedial cortical metabolic impairment in the disease. Confounding effects of both age and dementia severity on brain metabolism were assessed using categorical and correlational analyses performed with Statistical Parametric Mapping. Posterior cingulate and precuneus metabolism, assessed by positron emission tomography, was significantly correlated with age in a population of 46 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Metabolism in posterior cingulate and precuneus was higher in elderly than in younger patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, even when dementia severity was taken as a confounding covariate. The data suggest that the sensitivity of positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is reduced in elderly cases, where less severe pathology is sufficient to induce clinical symptoms of dementia. Conversely, higher posteromedial metabolic impairment in early onset cases may reflect greater density of regional cerebral lesions or major decrease of functional afferences in a richly connected multimodal associative area. Posterior cingulate metabolism was also correlated to dementia severity, even when age was taken as a confounding covariate, whereas metabolism in the hippocampal formation was not shown to correlate with global cognitive deficit. Functional correlation was maintained between posterior cingulate and middle frontal cortex in demented patients as in elderly controls. The key role of posteromedial cortex in cognitive dysfunction assessed in Alzheimer's disease is probably related to its highly integrated position within attentional, visuospatial and memory neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salmon
- Department of Neurology, University of Liege, Belgium.
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34
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by early hippocampal lesions, but neuropathological and functional imaging studies have also demonstrated involvement of associative cortices in patients suffering from this illness. New image-processing technologies have led to demonstration of predominant posteromedial cortical metabolic impairment in the disease. Confounding effects of both age and dementia severity on brain metabolism were assessed using categorical and correlational analyses performed with Statistical Parametric Mapping. Posterior cingulate and precuneus metabolism, assessed by positron emission tomography, was significantly correlated with age in a population of 46 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Metabolism in posterior cingulate and precuneus was higher in elderly than in younger patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, even when dementia severity was taken as a confounding covariate. The data suggest that the sensitivity of positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is reduced in elderly cases, where less severe pathology is sufficient to induce clinical symptoms of dementia. Conversely, higher posteromedial metabolic impairment in early onset cases may reflect greater density of regional cerebral lesions or major decrease of functional afferences in a richly connected multimodal associative area. Posterior cingulate metabolism was also correlated to dementia severity, even when age was taken as a confounding covariate, whereas metabolism in the hippocampal formation was not shown to correlate with global cognitive deficit. Functional correlation was maintained between posterior cingulate and middle frontal cortex in demented patients as in elderly controls. The key role of posteromedial cortex in cognitive dysfunction assessed in Alzheimer's disease is probably related to its highly integrated position within attentional, visuospatial and memory neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salmon
- Department of Neurology, University of Liege, Belgium.
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35
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Laureys S, Salmon E, Garraux G, Peigneux P, Lemaire C, Degueldre C, Franck G. Fluorodopa uptake and glucose metabolism in early stages of corticobasal degeneration. J Neurol 1999; 246:1151-8. [PMID: 10653307 DOI: 10.1007/s004150050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorodopa (FDOPA) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET was performed in six patients in early stages of corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and compared to Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with a similar degree of bradykinesia and rigidity and to healthy controls. Statistical parametric mapping analysis comparing CBD to controls showed metabolic decrease in premotor, primary motor, supplementary motor, primary sensory, prefrontal, and parietal associative cortices, and in caudate and thalamus contralateral to the side of clinical signs. Except for the prefrontal regions a similar metabolic pattern was observed when CBD was compared to PD. Putamen FDOPA uptake was decreased in both CBD and PD. Caudate FDOPA uptake in CBD patients was decreased contralateral to clinical signs when compared to controls, but was higher than in PD. In early stages of CBD, FDOPA and FDG PET patterns differed from those observed in PD. In CBD the asymmetry in FDOPA uptake was less pronounced than that of clinical signs or metabolic impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laureys
- Cyclotron Research Center, and Department of Neurology, University of Liège, Belgium.
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36
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Abstract
In the course of their disease certain patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) develop clinical features compatible with a motor neuron disease (FTD-MND). Previous reports have suggested that the functional pattern is similar in FTD and FTD-MND. However, some neuropathological studies suggest greater involvement of medial temporal regions in FTD-MND than in FTD. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM96), we compared the metabolic patterns obtained at rest with positron emission tomography in 10 FTD patients and three FTD-MND patients with those obtained from 46 healthy subjects (HS). Mean age, duration of illness and dementia stage did not differ statistically between the FTD and FTD-MND groups. In comparison with HS, both groups showed frontal and anterior temporal hypometabolism at P<0.001. When the FTD-MND group was compared to the FTD group, significant hypometabolism was only observed in bilateral amygdala, bilateral hippocampus, and bilateral enthorinal and parahippocampal regions (Brodmann's areas, BA 28/36) at P<0.005. We found no significant differences in regional glucose uptake when FTD patients were contrasted to FTD-MND patients. Our results suggest statistically comparable frontal and lateral temporal hypometabolism in both conditions but greater impairment of medial temporal lobe activity in FTD-MND. Our results and a review of the literature support the hypothesis that there is a functional continuum between classical motor neuron disease (cMND), FTD-MND, and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garraux
- Cyclotron Research Center, Sart Tilman B30, B-4000, Liège, Belgium.
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37
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Kurz X, Broers M, Scuvée-Moreau J, Salmon E, Ventura M, Pepin JL, Dom R, Franck G, Dresse A. Methodological issues in a cost-of-dementia study in Belgium: the NAtional Dementia Economic Study (NADES). Acta Neurol Belg 1999; 99:167-75. [PMID: 10544724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
The NAtional Dementia Economic Study (NADES) is an on-going prospective, one-year cohort study developed in Belgium to assess the socio-economic consequences of dementia in a group of patients and their caregivers (n = 400). Comparison is made with a group of subjects with cognitive impairment and no dementia (n = 100) and a group of subjects without any cognitive impairment (n = 100). Recruitment of subjects is based on screening of warning signs of dementia by general practitioners, followed by a Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination (CAMDEX) performed at home. This paper presents an overview of the study protocol and the rationale for basic design options, such as the choice of study population, screening strategy, and methods used for the case validation. It also presents preliminary results on the prevalence of dementia in general practice, the sensitivity and specificity of the warning signs as a screening test of dementia, and the validity of a computerised case ascertainment algorithm based on DSM-III-R criteria.
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Van der Linden M, Collette F, Salmon E, Delfiore G, Degueldre C, Luxen A, Franck G. The neural correlates of updating information in verbal working memory. Memory 1999; 7:549-60. [PMID: 10659086 DOI: 10.1080/096582199387742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to re-examine cerebral areas subserving the updating function of the central executive with a running span task requiring subjects to watch strings of consonants of unknown length and then to recall serially a specific number of recent items. In order to dissociate more precisely the updating process from the storage function, a four-item instead of a six-item memory load was used, contrary to our previous study (Salmon et al., 1996). In addition, a serial recall procedure was preferred to a recognition procedure in order to suppress the use of visuospatial strategies. The most significant increase of rCBF occurred in the left frontopolar cortex (Brodmann's area 10), spreading to the left middle frontal (Brodmann's area 46). Results suggest that frontopolar activation underlies an updating process in working memory.
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Salmon E, Van der Linden M, Maerfens Noordhout A, Brucher JM, Mouchette R, Waltregny A, Degueldre C, Franck G. Early thalamic and cortical hypometabolism in adult-onset dementia due to metachromatic leukodystrophy. Acta Neurol Belg 1999; 99:185-8. [PMID: 10544727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A case of early-onset adult dementia with family history of dementia is reported, characterised by neuropsychological deficits, suggesting frontal involvement, with mild non specific white matter abnormalities on CT scan. Familial Alzheimer's disease was suspected but the neuropathological diagnosis on brain biopsy was metachromatic leukodystrophy. 18FDG-PET revealed a very peculiar pattern of metabolic impairment in thalamic areas, in medial and frontopolar regions, and in occipital lobes. Neuropsychological follow-up showed relatively stable difficulties of long-term memory and signs of frontal lobe dysfunction, similar to those observed in subcortical dementias. MRI subsequently showed periventricular leukoencephalopathy. The brain metabolic pattern observed in that case of metachromatic leukodystrophy was quite different from that reported in other types of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Salmon
- Department of Neurology, University of Liège, Belgium
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40
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Garraux G, Salmon E, Degueldre C, Lemaire C, Laureys S, Franck G. Comparison of impaired subcortico-frontal metabolic networks in normal aging, subcortico-frontal dementia, and cortical frontal dementia. Neuroimage 1999; 10:149-62. [PMID: 10417247 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.1999.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal aging, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are characterized by different degrees of decline in frontal lobe functions. We used (18)FDG-PET and statistical parametric mapping (SPM96) to compare relative subcorticofrontal metabolic impairment at rest in 21 healthy elderly subjects (HES), 20 PSP patients, and 6 FTD patients. When HES were compared to 22 healthy young subjects, widespread decrease in metabolism was observed in bilateral medial prefrontal areas including anterior cingulate cortices, in dorsolateral prefrontal areas, in left lateral premotor area, in Broca's area, and in left insula. In PSP compared to the 43 healthy subjects (HS), we observed subcorticofrontal metabolic impairment including both motor and cognitive neural networks. Impairment of functional connections between midbrain tegmentum and cerebellar, temporal and pallidal regions was demonstrated in PSP as compared to HS. When comparing FTD to HS, glucose uptake was primarily reduced in dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices and in frontopolar and anterior cingulate regions. There was also bilateral anterior temporal, right inferior parietal, and bilateral striatal hypometabolism. Finally, FTD showed more severe striatofrontal metabolic impairment than PSP, while mesencephalothalamic involvement was only observed in PSP. Our data suggest that subcorticofrontal metabolic impairment is distributed in distinct subcorticocortical networks in normal aging, PSP, and FTD. Subcorticofrontal dementia in PSP is related to hypometabolism in discrete frontal areas, which are probably disconnected from certain subcortical structures. The concept of subcortical dementia is reinforced by our data, which show disrupted functional connections between mesencephalon and cerebellar cortex, inferior and medial temporal regions, and pallidum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garraux
- Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, B-4000, Belgium
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41
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Laureys S, Lemaire C, Maquet P, Phillips C, Franck G. Cerebral metabolism during vegetative state and after recovery to consciousness. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999; 67:121. [PMID: 10454871 PMCID: PMC1736451 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.67.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Franck G, Wdzieczak-Bakala J, Henrotte JG. Modulating role of glucose on magnesium transport in rat erythrocytes. J Nutr Biochem 1999; 10:433-7. [PMID: 15539320 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(99)00025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/1998] [Accepted: 04/14/1999] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium efflux from rat erythrocytes has been shown to be inhibited by a plasma fraction containing glucose. Therefore, we investigated the effect of D-glucose on erythrocyte magnesium transport. We show the inhibitory activity of this hexose on sodium (Na(+))-independent erythrocyte magnesium (Mg(2+)E) efflux. Inhibitory effects of D-mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and D-fructose on Mg(2+)E efflux also were demonstrated. Moreover, the suppression of the inhibitory activity of glucose on Mg(2+)E efflux was shown to be associated with the inhibition of glucose transport by cytochalasin B and phloretin. Together these data suggest a possible implication of the glucose carrier GLUT-1 in the regulation of Mg(2+) transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Franck
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Laureys S, Goldman S, Phillips C, Van Bogaert P, Aerts J, Luxen A, Franck G, Maquet P. Impaired effective cortical connectivity in vegetative state: preliminary investigation using PET. Neuroimage 1999; 9:377-82. [PMID: 10191166 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.1998.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Vegetative state (VS) is a condition of abolished awareness with persistence of arousal. Awareness is part of consciousness, which itself is thought to represent an emergent property of cerebral neural networks. Our hypothesis was that part of the neural correlate underlying VS is an altered connectivity, especially between the associative cortices. We assessed regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCMRGlu) and effective cortical connectivity in four patients in VS by means of statistical parametric mapping and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. Our data showed a common pattern of impaired rCMRGlu in the prefrontal, premotor, and parietotemporal association areas and posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus in VS. In a next step, we demonstrated that in VS patients various prefrontal and premotor areas have in common that they are less tightly connected with the posterior cingulate cortex than in normal controls. These results provide a strong argument for an alteration of cortical connectivity in VS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Laureys
- Department of Neurology, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to describe the distribution of regional cerebral blood flow during the hypnotic state (HS) in humans, using positron-emission tomography (PET) and statistical parametric mapping. METHODS The hypnotic state relied on revivification of pleasant autobiographical memories and was compared to imaging autobiographical material in "normal alertness." A group of 9 subjects under polygraphic monitoring received six H215O infusions and was scanned in the following order: alert-HS-HS-HS with color hallucination-HS with color hallucination-alert. PET data were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM95). RESULTS The group analysis showed that hypnotic state is related to the activation of a widespread, mainly left-sided, set of cortical areas involving occipital, parietal, precentral, premotor, and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices and a few right-sided regions: occipital and anterior cingulate cortices. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of activation during hypnotic state differs from those induced in normal subjects by the simple evocation of autobiographical memories. It shares many similarities with mental imagery, from which it differs by the relative deactivation of precuneus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maquet
- Cyclotron Research Center (CRC), University of Liège, Belgium
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Collette F, Salmon E, Van der Linden M, Chicherio C, Belleville S, Degueldre C, Delfiore G, Franck G. Regional brain activity during tasks devoted to the central executive of working memory. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1999; 7:411-7. [PMID: 9838207 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6410(98)00045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most previous PET studies investigating the central executive (CE) component of working memory found activation in the prefrontal cortex. However, the tasks used did not always permit to distinguish precisely the functions of the CE from the storage function of the slave systems. The aim of the present study was to isolate brain areas that subserve manipulation of information by the CE when the influence of storage function was removed. A PET activation study was performed with four cognitive tasks, crossing conditions of temporary storage and manipulation of information. The manipulation of information induced an activation in the right (BA 10/46) and left (BA 9/6) middle frontal gyrus and in the left parietal area (BA7). The interaction between the storage and manipulation conditions did not reveal any significant changes in activation. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that CE functions are distributed between anterior and posterior brain areas, but could also reflect a simultaneous involvement of controlled (frontal) and automatic (parietal) attentional systems. In the other hand, the absence of interaction between the storage and manipulation conditions demonstrates that the CE is not necessarily related to the presence of a memory load.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Collette
- Neuropsychology Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
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Chicherio C, Salmon E, Van der Linden M, Degueldre C, Luxen A, Franck G. Functional imaging of episodic long-term memory: Hippocampus and cued recall in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Laureys S, Goldman S, Van Bogaert P, Phillips C, Franck G, Maquet P. Functional neuroanatomy of vegetative state. Neuroimage 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Peigneux P, Maquet P, Van der Linden M, Meulemans T, Degueldre C, Delfiore G, Luxen A, Cleeremans A, Franck G. Processing of Contextual Information during an Implicit Probabilistic Sequence Learning Task: Left Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Involvement. Neuroimage 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(18)31716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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49
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Laureys S, Maquet P, Phillips C, Aerts J, Franck G. Regional metabolic impairments in a case of vegetative state A lesional approach to the study of consciousness. Neuroimage 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(18)30936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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50
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Verloes A, Maquet P, Sadzot B, Vivario M, Thiry A, Franck G. Nasu-Hakola syndrome: polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leucoencephalopathy and presenile dementia. J Med Genet 1997; 34:753-7. [PMID: 9321763 PMCID: PMC1051061 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.34.9.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Verloes
- Walloon University Centre of Genetics, Sart Tilman University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
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