1
|
Montazeaud G, Keller L. Greenbeards in plants? New Phytol 2024; 242:870-877. [PMID: 38403933 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Greenbeards are selfish genetic elements that make their bearers behave either altruistically towards individuals bearing similar greenbeard copies or harmfully towards individuals bearing different copies. They were first proposed by W. D. Hamilton over 50 yr ago, to illustrate that kin selection may operate at the level of single genes. Examples of greenbeards have now been reported in a wide range of taxa, but they remain undocumented in plants. In this paper, we discuss the theoretical likelihood of greenbeard existence in plants. We then question why the greenbeard concept has never been applied to plants and speculate on how hypothetical greenbeards could affect plant-plant interactions. Finally, we point to different research directions to improve our knowledge of greenbeards in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germain Montazeaud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Laurent Keller
- Social Evolution Unit, Cornuit 8, BP 855, Chesières, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lemoine T, Violle C, Montazeaud G, Isaac ME, Rocher A, Fréville H, Fort F. Plant trait relationships are maintained within a major crop species: lack of artificial selection signal and potential for improved agronomic performance. New Phytol 2023; 240:2227-2238. [PMID: 37771248 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of phenotypic spaces of large sets of plant species has considerably increased our understanding of diversification processes in the plant kingdom. Nevertheless, such advances have predominantly relied on interspecific comparisons that hold several limitations. Here, we grew in the field a unique set of 179 inbred lines of durum wheat, Triticum turgidum spp. durum, characterized by variable degrees of artificial selection. We measured aboveground and belowground traits as well as agronomic traits to explore the functional and agronomic trait spaces and to investigate trait-to-agronomic performance relationships. We showed that the wheat functional trait space shared commonalities with global cross-species spaces previously described, with two main axes of variation: a root foraging axis and a slow-fast trade-off axis. Moreover, we detected a clear signature of artificial selection on the variation of agronomic traits, unlike functional traits. Interestingly, we identified alternative phenotypic combinations that can optimize crop performance. Our work brings insightful knowledge about the structure of phenotypic spaces of domesticated plants and the maintenance of phenotypic trade-offs in response to artificial selection, with implications for trade-off-free and multi-criteria selection in plant breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taïna Lemoine
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Germain Montazeaud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Marney E Isaac
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M1C 1A4, ON, Canada
| | - Aline Rocher
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Hélène Fréville
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, 34000, France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, 34000, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Montazeaud G, Helleu Q, Wuest SE, Keller L. Indirect genetic effects are shaped by demographic history and ecology in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1878-1891. [PMID: 37749402 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of an individual can be affected by the genes of its conspecifics through indirect genetic effects (IGEs). IGEs have been studied across different organisms including wild and domesticated animals and plants, but little is known about their genetic architecture. Here, in a large-scale intraspecific interaction experiment, we show that the contribution of IGEs to the biomass variation of Arabidopsis thaliana is comparable to values classically reported in animals. Moreover, we identify 11 loci explaining 85.1% of the variability in IGEs. We find that positive IGE alleles (that is, those with positive effects on neighbour biomass) occur both in relict accessions from southern Eurasia and in post-glacial colonizers from northern Scandinavia, and that they are likely to have two divergent origins: for nine loci, they evolved in the post-glacial colonizers independently from the relicts, while the two others were introgressed in the post-glacial colonizer from the relicts. Finally, we find that variation in IGEs probably reflects divergent adaptations to the contrasting environments of the edges and the centre of the native range of the species. These findings reveal a surprisingly tractable genetic basis of IGEs in A. thaliana that is shaped by the ecology and the demographic history of the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germain Montazeaud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Quentin Helleu
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Structure et Instabilité des Génomes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR7196, INSERM U1154, Paris, France
| | - Samuel E Wuest
- Group Breeding Research, Division Plant Breeding, Agroscope, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Social Evolution Unit, Chesières, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fréville H, Montazeaud G, Forst E, David J, papa R, Tenaillon MI. Shift in beneficial interactions during crop evolution. Evol Appl 2022; 15:905-918. [PMID: 35782010 PMCID: PMC9234679 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant domestication can be viewed as a form of co‐evolved interspecific mutualism between humans and crops for the benefit of the two partners. Here, we ask how this plant–human mutualism has, in turn, impacted beneficial interactions within crop species, between crop species, and between crops and their associated microbial partners. We focus on beneficial interactions resulting from three main mechanisms that can be promoted by manipulating genetic diversity in agrosystems: niche partitioning, facilitation, and kin selection. We show that a combination of factors has impacted either directly or indirectly plant–plant interactions during domestication and breeding, with a trend toward reduced benefits arising from niche partitioning and facilitation. Such factors include marked decrease of molecular and functional diversity of crops and other organisms present in the agroecosystem, mass selection, and increased use of chemical inputs. For example, the latter has likely contributed to the relaxation of selection pressures on nutrient‐mobilizing traits such as those associated to root exudation and plant nutrient exchanges via microbial partners. In contrast, we show that beneficial interactions arising from kin selection have likely been promoted since the advent of modern breeding. We highlight several issues that need further investigation such as whether crop phenotypic plasticity has evolved and could trigger beneficial interactions in crops, and whether human‐mediated selection has impacted cooperation via kin recognition. Finally, we discuss how plant breeding and agricultural practices can help promoting beneficial interactions within and between species in the context of agroecology where the mobilization of diversity and complexity of crop interactions is viewed as a keystone of agroecosystem sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Fréville
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Germain Montazeaud
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier France
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Emma Forst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy
| | - Jacques David
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Roberto papa
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences Università Politecnica delle Marche Ancona Italy
| | - Maud I. Tenaillon
- Génétique Quantitative et Evolution – Le Moulon Université Paris‐Saclay INRAE CNRS AgroParisTech 91190 Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Montazeaud G, Flutre T, Ballini E, Morel J, David J, Girodolle J, Rocher A, Ducasse A, Violle C, Fort F, Fréville H. From cultivar mixtures to allelic mixtures: opposite effects of allelic richness between genotypes and genotype richness in wheat. New Phytol 2022; 233:2573-2584. [PMID: 35081666 PMCID: PMC9306887 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Agroecosystem diversification through increased crop genetic diversity could provide multiple services such as improved disease control or increased productivity. However, we still poorly understand how genetic diversity affects agronomic performance. We grew 179 inbred lines of durum wheat in pure stands and in 202 binary mixtures in field conditions. We then tested the effect of allelic richness between genotypes and genotype richness on grain yield and Septoria tritici blotch disease. Allelic richness was tested at 19K single nucleotide polymorphisms distributed along the durum wheat genome. Both genotype richness and allelic richness could be equal to 1 or 2. Mixtures were overall more productive and less diseased than their pure stand components. Yet, we identified one locus at which allelic richness between genotypes was associated with increased disease severity and decreased grain yield. The effect of allelic richness at this locus was stronger than the effect of genotype richness on grain yield (-7.6% vs +5.7%). Our results suggest that positive effects of crop diversity can be reversed by unfavourable allelic associations. This highlights the need to integrate genomic data into crop diversification strategies. More generally, investigating plant-plant interactions at the genomic level is promising to better understand biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germain Montazeaud
- AGAPUniversité MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut Agro34090MontpellierFrance
- CEFEUniversité MontpellierInstitut AgroCNRSEPHEIRDUniversité Valéry34293MontpellierFrance
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of Lausanne1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Timothée Flutre
- Université Paris‐SaclayINRAECNRSAgroParisTechGQE ‐ Le Moulon91190Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Elsa Ballini
- BGPIUniversité MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Jean‐Benoit Morel
- BGPIUniversité MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Jacques David
- AGAPUniversité MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut Agro34090MontpellierFrance
| | - Johanna Girodolle
- AGAPUniversité MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut Agro34090MontpellierFrance
| | - Aline Rocher
- AGAPUniversité MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut Agro34090MontpellierFrance
| | - Aurélie Ducasse
- BGPIUniversité MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut Agro34398MontpellierFrance
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFEUniversité MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniversité Paul Valéry34293MontpellierFrance
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFEUniversité MontpellierInstitut AgroCNRSEPHEIRDUniversité Valéry34293MontpellierFrance
| | - Hélène Fréville
- AGAPUniversité MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut Agro34090MontpellierFrance
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Colombo M, Montazeaud G, Viader V, Ecarnot M, Prosperi J, David J, Fort F, Violle C, Freville H. A genome‐wide analysis suggests pleiotropic effects of Green Revolution genes on shade avoidance in wheat. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1594-1604. [PMID: 36330302 PMCID: PMC9624089 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A classic example of phenotypic plasticity in plants is the suit of phenotypic responses induced by a change in the ratio of red to far-red light (R∶FR) as a result of shading, also known as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). While the adaptive consequences of this syndrome have been extensively discussed in natural ecosystems, how SAS varies within crop populations and how SAS evolved during crop domestication and breeding remain poorly known. In this study, we grew a panel of 180 durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) genotypes spanning diversity from wild, early domesticated, and elite genetic compartments under two light treatments: low R:FR light (shaded treatment) and high R:FR light (unshaded treatment). We first quantified the genetic variability of SAS, here measured as a change in plant height at the seedling stage. We then dissected the genetic basis of this variation through genome-wide association mapping. Genotypes grown in shaded conditions were taller than those grown under unshaded conditions. Interaction between light quality and genotype did not affect plant height. We found six QTLs affecting plant height. Three significantly interacted with light quality among which the well-known Rht1 gene introgressed in elite germplasm during the Green Revolution. Interestingly at three loci, short genotypes systematically expressed reduced SAS, suggesting a positive genetic correlation between plant height and plant height plasticity. Overall, our study sheds light on the evolutionary history of crops and illustrates the relevance of genetic approaches to tackle agricultural challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Colombo
- AGAP Univ Montpellier CIRAD, INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
- CEFE Univ. Montpellier Institut Agro CNRS EPHE, IRD Univ Valéry Montpellier France
| | - Germain Montazeaud
- AGAP Univ Montpellier CIRAD, INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
- CEFE Univ. Montpellier Institut Agro CNRS EPHE, IRD Univ Valéry Montpellier France
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Veronique Viader
- AGAP Univ Montpellier CIRAD, INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Martin Ecarnot
- AGAP Univ Montpellier CIRAD, INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | | | - Jacques David
- AGAP Univ Montpellier CIRAD, INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFE Univ. Montpellier Institut Agro CNRS EPHE, IRD Univ Valéry Montpellier France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE Univ. Montpellier CNRS EPHE, IRD Univ Valéry Montpellier France
| | - Helene Freville
- AGAP Univ Montpellier CIRAD, INRAE Institut Agro Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Montazeaud G, Violle C, Roumet P, Rocher A, Ecarnot M, Compan F, Maillet G, Fort F, Fréville H. Multifaceted functional diversity for multifaceted crop yield: Towards ecological assembly rules for varietal mixtures. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Germain Montazeaud
- AGAPUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAEL'institut Agro Montpellier France
- CEFEUniversité de MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDL'institut AgroUniversité Paul Valéry Montpellier France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFEUniversité de MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDUniversité Paul Valéry Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Roumet
- AGAPUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAEL'institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Aline Rocher
- AGAPUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAEL'institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Martin Ecarnot
- AGAPUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAEL'institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Frédéric Compan
- AGAPUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAEL'institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Guillaume Maillet
- AGAPUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAEL'institut Agro Montpellier France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFEUniversité de MontpellierCNRSEPHEIRDL'institut AgroUniversité Paul Valéry Montpellier France
| | - Hélène Fréville
- AGAPUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAEL'institut Agro Montpellier France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Selection of the fittest can promote individual competitiveness but often results in the erosion of group performance. Recently, several authors revisited this idea in crop production and proposed new practices based on selection for cooperative phenotypes, i.e. phenotypes that increase crop yield through decreased competitiveness. These recommendations, however, remain difficult to evaluate without a formal description of crop evolutionary dynamics under different selection strategies. Here, we develop a theoretical framework to investigate the evolution of cooperation-related traits in crops, using plant height as a case study. Our model is tailored to realistic agricultural practices and shows that combining high plant density, high relatedness and selection among groups favours the evolution of shorter plants that maximize grain yield. Our model allows us to revisit past and current breeding practices in light of kin selection theory, and yields practical recommendations to increase cooperation among crops and promote sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germain Montazeaud
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.,CEFE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - François Rousset
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier SupAgro, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Fréville
- AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Gandon
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|