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Khattak SU, Iqbal Z, Lutfullah G, Ahmad S, Alharbi M, Alasmari AF, Irfan M. Purification and structure elucidation of Penicillium chrysogenum derived antifungal compound with potential anti-Candida property: in silico and in vitro evidence. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37878068 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2273435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Following preliminary bioactivity testing, the fungal strain identified as Penicillium crysogenum was cultured in a modified Czapec Yeast Broth medium (CYB) for the production of antifungal compounds. Several chromatographic techniques including HPLC were used to purify the fungal metabolites from the crude extract. The mass determination of the purified compound was performed using Water's LCMS system while the structure of the compound was elucidated using 400 and 500 Varian NMR machines. The chemical name of the purified compound is (2 R, 4S) -2, 4-dimethyl-4-((E)-2-((3S, 4S)-2, 4, 5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl) vinyl) cyclohexanone with the chemical formula C26H31NO5 and exact mass of 437.2. Molecular docking predicted compound docking score with dihydrofolate reductase enzyme and lanosterol 14α-demethylase enzyme as -8.1 kcal/mol and -9.8 kcal/mol respectively. Further, the compounds showed stable binding mode with the enzymes and reported robust binding energies. After insilico analysis, the compound with mass 437 was tested for its antifungal potential in vitro against two pathogenic yeast species (i.e. Candida albicans and Candida glaberata) using the agar tube diffusion method. Using sterile di-methyl sulfoxide (DMSO) the compound was prepared in four dose concentrations (100, 250, 500, 1000 µg mL-1) and mixed with autoclaved semisolid Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium in screw-capped test tubes labelled with the corresponding dose concentration. The fungal strains were inoculated on this medium and linear growth inhibition of the fungal strains was calculated using fluconazole as the control drug. The results from in vitro experiments were encouraging as at concentrations of 500 and 1000 μg mL-1 the compound inhibited the growth of C. albicans by 17% and 38% while 19% and 41% inhibition were recorded against C. glaberata. The compound showed antifungal activity in silico and in vitro against both the Candida species and can act as a potent antifungal candidate in the future upon further investigation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah Khattak
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, USA
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Khattak SU, Lutfullah G, Iqbal Z, Ahmad J, Rehman IU, Shi Y, Ikram S. Aspergillus flavus originated pure compound as a potential antibacterial. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:322. [PMID: 34798838 PMCID: PMC8605571 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem Background Penicillin was the first and most famous fungal secondary metabolite used as broad spectrum antibiotic that revolutionarised pharmaceutical research and also saved millions of lives. The over optimistic belief in 1967 that sufficient antibiotics had been discovered to defeat infectious diseases was quickly crashed with the appearance of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in 1990s. This has posed a serious threat to mankind. Although scientists are making efforts to synthesize and discover new antibiotics there are not enough new drugs in pharmaceutical pipeline to beat the pace at which MDR bacteria are emerging. In view of this there is an urgent and serious medical need for new bioactive compounds to be discovered to treat infections caused by MDR pathogens. The present study is aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of Aspergillus flavus originated compounds that may act as drug leads to treat future infections. Methodology Among the 6 isolated fungal strains from the rhizosphere of Mentha piperetta, one was processed for isolation of secondary metabolites on the basis of preliminary antibacterial testing. Observation of morphological and microscopic features helped in identification of the fungal strain as Aspergillus flavus. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was used for fungal growth while Czapec Yeast Broth (CYB) medium was used for production of fungal metabolites. Column chromatography technique was utilized for purification of compound from crude fungal extract and the mass of the compound was determined using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) method. Structure elucidation of the pure compound was performed using 500 Varian Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) machine. Docking was performed using Glide SP algorithm. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the invitro antibacterial potential of the compound against two MDR bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris. For this a total of 4 dose concentrations i.e. (100, 250, 500, 1000 μg mL− 1) of the compound were prepared and applied to bacterial strains on Mueller Hinton agar using tetracycline as control. Results The chemical name of the purified compound from A. flavus was determined as (2E)-3-[(3S, 4R)-8-hydroxy-3, 4-dimethyl-1-oxo-3, 4-dihydro-1H-2- benzopyran-7-yl] prop-2-enoic acid with the formula C14H14O5 and exact mass of 262.08. The in-Silico analysis showed that this compound has the potential to inhibit the binding pocket of S. aureus TyrRS (1JII) with docking score of − 8.67 Kcal mole− 1. The results obtained from invitro experiments were encouraging as at 1000 μg mL− 1 the compound showed 58.8% inhibition against S. aureus and 28% inhibition against P. vulgaris. Conclusions The pure compound with formula C14H14O5 and exact mass of 262 exhibited antibacterial potential both insilico and invitro against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The compound was more active against S. aureus in comparison to P. vulgaris. From the obtained results it is concluded that this compound can be used as potent antibacterial candidate but further studies will be needed prior to its use as antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah Khattak
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan.
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Irshad Ur Rehman
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Saima Ikram
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
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Laraib S, Shah A, Asim N, Amin F, Lutfullah G, Haider J. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of simple ZnO and metal doped ZnO nanoparticles. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:1651-1658. [PMID: 34802998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to synthesize pure ZnO and metal doped ZnO nano-particles, determine its physical, chemical characteristics and antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains. Pure ZnO was synthesized and metals including Manganese (Mn), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag) were doped with ZnO to produce nanoparticles through co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used for detection of synthesized nanoparticles, their crystalline structures, size and other chemical characteristics. An altered version of Kirby Bauer method of disk diffusion was used for determining the antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles. The XRD results showed that the average size of pure ZnO nanoparticles was 55.3 nm. While the size of metal doped ZnO particles were affected by dopant elements. Results of SEM indicated that these nanoparticles were roughly spherical, rod shape and fiber like rod shape with certain degree of aggregation. Antibacterial studies showed that all samples had the potential to inhibit the growth of selected bacterial strains; E. coli, S. choleraesuis, S. typhimurium, S. marcescens, B. subtilus and S. aureus. With 90μg/ml concentration ZnO nanostructures inhibited B.subtilus and silver doped Zinc nanoparticles suppressed growth of S. marcescens. Characterization and antibacterial study indicated the importance of these nanoparticles at industrial and pharmaceutical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Laraib
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asma Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Women University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Asim
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Amin
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jamila Haider
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Haider J, Lutfullah G, Rehman IU, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:1258-1263. [PMID: 31488989 PMCID: PMC6717461 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.5.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. METHODS The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). CONCLUSION The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Haider
- Jamila Haider, BS. PhD. Scholar, Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- Prof. Dr. Ghosia Lutfullah, M. Phil, PhD. Ex. Director, Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Irshad ur Rehman
- Irshad ur Rehman, M. Phil, PhD. Assistant Professor, Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Khattak
- Dr. Irfan Khattak, DVM, PhD. Assistant Professor, College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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Shah A, Lutfullah G, Ahmad K, Khalil AT, Maaza M. Daphne mucronata-mediated phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their novel biological applications, compatibility and toxicity studies. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 2018; 11:318-333. [DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2018.1502365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Shah
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ali Talha Khalil
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Qarshi University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Material Research Department, iThemba Labs, UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Cape town, South Africa
- Materials Research Department, iThemba Labs, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- Material Research Department, iThemba Labs, UNESCO UNISA Africa Chair in Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Cape town, South Africa
- Materials Research Department, iThemba Labs, Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), National Research Foundation, Cape Town, South Africa
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Khattak SU, Lutfullah G, Iqbal Z, Rehman IU, Ahmad J, Khan AA. Herbicidal activity of pure compound isolated from rhizosphere inhabiting Aspergillus flavus. Nat Prod Res 2018; 32:1212-1215. [PMID: 28494649 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1326038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the quest for bioactive natural products of fungal origin, Aspergillus flavus was isolated from rhizosphere of Mentha piperita using Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Czapec Yeast Broth (CYB) nutrient media for metabolites production. In total, three different metabolites were purified using HPLC/LCMS and the structures were established using 500 Varian NMR experiments. Further the isolated metabolites in different concentrations (10, 100, 1000 μg/mL) were tested for herbicidal activity using Completely Randomized design (CRD) against the seeds of Silybum marianum and Avena fatua which are major threats to wheat crop in Pakistan. Among the isolated metabolites, one compound was found active against the test weed species whose activity is reported in the present work. The chemical name of the compound is 2-(1, 4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl)-1, 3-dihydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxyanthracene-9, 10(4aH, 9aH)-dione with mass of 388. Results showed that all seeds germinated in control treatment; however, with the metabolite treated, the growth was retarded to different levels in all parts of the weeds. At a dose of 1000 μg/mL of the pure compound, 100% seeds of S. marianum and 60% seeds of A. fatua were inhibited. Interestingly, the pure compound exhibited less inhibition of 10% towards the seeds of common wheat (Triticum aestivum).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ullah Khattak
- a Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- a Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- b Department of Agricultural Chemistry , University of Agriculture , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Irshad Ur Rehman
- a Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Ahmad
- a Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology , University of Peshawar , Peshawar , Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali Khan
- c Department of Chemistry , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , Pakistan
- d Institute of Integrative Biosciences , CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences , Peshawar , Pakistan
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Khan AA, Bacha N, Ahmad B, Bakht J, Lutfullah G, Ali J. Synthesis of secondary metabolites by Cladosporium resinae (NRL-6437) under different growth media and chemical inducers and their pharmaceutical activity. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:1617-1624. [PMID: 29084681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of different growth media and chemical enhancer on synthesis of secondary metabolites Cladosporium resinae (NRL-6437) was investigated for their in vitro biological activities. Cladosporium resinae (NRL-6437) were grown in various nutrient media (Czapeak-dox Broth (CB), Czapeak Yeast-extract Broth (CYB), Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES), Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and Czapeak-dox (supplemented with glucose and starch) Broth (CGSB) for the production of metabolites. Two chemical epigenetic modifiers (suberoyl-anilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) were also used for the expression of silent genes for secondary metabolite production. Our results indicated that among different media, Czapeak yeast extract broth produced more secondary metabolites. Application of 15mM of both modifiers was effective for the expressions of silent genes resulting in an increased metabolites production. Secondary metabolites extracted in ethyl acetate and fractionized in n-Hexane were also tested for their biological activity. The secondary metabolites revealed varying degrees of growth inhibitions of the tested organisms. Similarly, these metabolites were also active against brine shrimps and Lemna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ali Khan
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan / Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University of IT and Emerging Sciences, Phase-6, Hayatabad, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Bacha
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Jehan Bakht
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Johar Ali
- Alvi-armani, 2680 Matheson Blvd. East, Suite 102, Mississauga, ON L4W 0A5, Canada
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Lutfullah G, Rahman A, Ahmad A, Ahmad T, Ali A, Alam J. Comparative studies on rabbit plasma lipid profile fed with Silybum marianum oil, sunflower oil and vegetable ghee. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:875-879. [PMID: 28653933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Present work is aimed to compare the physicochemical characterization and biochemical effects of oil extracted from Silybum Marianum and Sunflower oil, collected from Peshawar (Pakistan). To investigate the comparative effects on the body weight, organ weight and lipid profile, the crude oil of Silybum marianum, edible sunflower oil and vegetable ghee were given to three groups of rabbits under study. Percent proximate composition and food consumption of all rabbits were determined which showed no significant statistical variation. There is no data available about Silybum marianum oil on animal model in literature. This study clearly revealed that oil from Silybum marianum significantly reduces plasma cholesterol level in rabbits. A threefold higher Triglyceride levels was observed in vegetable ghee feeding groups compared with the sunflower and Silybum marianum oil feeding groups. The crude oil of Silybum marianum was found to be safe in rabbits compared with sunflower oil and vegetable ghee. The results of these studies revealed most valuable information and also support the refining and purification to convert this non-edible oil to edible oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghosia Lutfullah
- Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Azizur Rahman
- Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan / State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Statistics, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jan Alam
- Pak International Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Lutfullah G, Ahmed J, Khan A, Ihsan H, Ahmad J. Evaluation of Non-Structural Protein-1(NS1) positive patients of 2013 dengue outbreak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:172-176. [PMID: 28367194 PMCID: PMC5368302 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.331.11237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Objective: Dengue infection is an arthropod borne disease caused by Dengue virus in humans. Dengue virus infection has more potential to produce severe form of the disease with more severe symptoms. Proper diagnosis of dengue fever is very important for its safe management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the non structural protein-1 (NS1) positive parameter for identification of dengue fever by using ELISA from 2013 dengue outbreak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted among 384 patients tested for dengue admitted to different hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa April to December 2013 with symptoms related to classical dengue fever. Written informed consent was taken from 100 NS1 positive diagnosed patients, and 3 to 5 ml blood sample was collected for confirmation through ELISA testing. ELISA test for dengue IgG and IgM was performed two time in order to confirm the dengue cases. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Result: The study performed on 100 NS1 positive samples of patients, admitted to hospitals with symptoms related to classical dengue fever, indicated that after performing the IgM and IgG capture ELISA test only 76 samples were actually found positive for dengue. The rest of the 24 samples were found negative for both IgM and IgG capture ELISAs. The study also revealed that 90.8 % patients had primary dengue infection and 35.5% patients had secondary dengue infection. Most patients were between the age of 10-20 years (26%), among them19.7% were having primary dengue infection. Among 10-20 years of age 50% female patients were false dengue patients. Conclusion: About 24 % NSI protein positive samples were found negative for both IgM and IgG capture ELISAs showed that NS1protein positivity does not confirm actual dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghosia Lutfullah
- Dr. Ghosia Lutfullah, PhD Chemistry. Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmed
- Dr. Jawad Ahmad, PhD Chemistry. Department of Microbiology, Khyber Medical University Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Khan
- Mr. Aftab Khan, M. Phil Microbiology. PMRC Research Centre, Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ihsan
- Miss Hina Ihsan, M. Phil. Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Ahmad
- Dr. Jamshed Ahmad, PhD Microbiology. Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Khattak SU, Bacha N, Lutfullah G, Bakht J, Ali S, Ali J, Khan AA. Study of the genetic traits associated with antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin wards of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60803-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khan AA, Bacha N, Ahmad B, Lutfullah G, Farooq U, Cox RJ. Fungi as chemical industries and genetic engineering for the production of biologically active secondary metabolites. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014apjtb-2014-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Nazli R, Akmal Khan M, Akhtar T, Lutfullah G, Sher Mohammad N, Ahmad J, Haider J, Aslam H. Abnormal Lipid levels as a risk factor of eclampsia, study conducted in tertiary care Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province - Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 29:1410-4. [PMID: 24550964 PMCID: PMC3905371 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.296.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate abnormal lipid metabolism as a risk factor of eclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in three tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (APO-A1), APO-B100, lipoprotein-a (Lpa) were measured in 110 women with eclampsia and compared with 90 healthy pregnant women. Mean lipid levels in cases and controls were compared using student’s t test”. Results: Mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure, TC, TG, VLDL-C and Lpa levels were significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients compared to control women. Similarly TC: HDL-C, LDL-C: HDL-C and TG: HDL-C ratio in the patients group were significantly higher (p<0.001) and HDL-C: VLDL-C ratio was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the patients as compared to control group. Undesirable cholesterol were noted in 35.8% patients, HDL-C in 50.5%, borderline high concentration of LDL-C in 23.6%, high triglycerides levels in 73.2%, undesirable cholesterol ratio in 52.3% and undesirable LDL-C ratio were noted in 82.1% patients of eclampsia. Conclusion: Serum lipids were found significantly higher thus early assessment may be helpful in prevention of complications in the eclampsia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Nazli
- Rubina Nazli, MBBS, DGO, PhD, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, KPK Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akmal Khan
- Muhammad Akmal Khan, MBBS, FCPS, MRCP, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tasleem Akhtar
- Tasleem Akhtar, M.Phil, PhD, PMRC Research Centre Khyber Medical College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- Ghosia Lutfullah, M.Phil, PhD, Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Nabila Sher Mohammad
- Nabila Sher Mohammad, MBBS, Khyber Girls Medical College, KPK Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Ahmad
- Jawad Ahmad, MBBS, PhD, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, KPK Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jamila Haider
- Jamila Haider, M.Phil scholar, Centre of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, KPK Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hina Aslam
- Hina Aslam, MBBS, Khyber Girls Medical College, KPK Peshawar, Pakistan
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Akhtar T, Khan MH, Hussain H, Nazli R, Lutfullah G. Prevalence of zinc deficiency among rural women during childbearing age in Peshawar, Pakistan. Pak J Pharm Sci 2014; 27:173-177. [PMID: 24374445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc deficiency is a commonly reported health problem throughout the world. This cross sectional survey was conducted in rural Peshawar with an aim to estimate the prevalence of zinc deficiency in women of child bearing age and find its association with age, marital, pregnancy status and parity. Data was collected from 353 women age 15-45 years. EPI INFO version 6.04 was used for data analysis. Overall 98 (27.8 %) women were zinc deficient (<80 μg/dL) while 31 (8.8%) had severe zinc deficiency (<50μg/dL.). Mean zinc level was found to increase gradually with the increase in the age up to 40 years and then starts decreasing significantly beyond this age. A significant decrease (p<0.03) in zinc concentration was found in married as compared to unmarried women. Out of 31 female with severe zinc deficiency, 23 (74.2%) were pregnant. Pregnant women in second (OR (CI) 3.36 (1.52-7.44) p<0.0008) and third ((OR (CI) 3.73 (1.91-7.30) p<0.00002) trimester were 3.4 & 3.7 times, respectively more zinc deficient as compared to control women. Mean zinc levels were significantly lower in women having no children versus women with 1-5 numbers of children. This study concludes that severe zinc deficiency especially prevalent in pregnant women needs urgent correction through food supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem Akhtar
- PMRC Research Centre, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mir Hassan Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Hussain
- Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Nazli
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ghosia Lutfullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
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Ali R, Lutfullah G, Khan AA, Rashid MI. Analysis of oxygen affinity in aquatic amphibian; homology modelling of the major Haemoglobin component HbA1 from the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis, Anura). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 9:449-61. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbra.2013.056083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Streptolysin O, a 63 kDa exotoxin coded by slo gene, is a well-characterised thiol-activated cytolysin, which damages cholesterol-containing membranes resulting in disruption and lysis of the target cell. On the basis of homology model and secondary structure analysis, the toxin has four domains of which domain 4 is of particular importance and is directly linked to domain 2 by a glycine linker and remained consistent in initial membrane recognition. Domain 4 reduces the hydrophobic ratio when compared with its template, which would affect the activity of the toxin at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pukhtun Khwa, Pakistan.
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Uddin S, Rauf A, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Lutfullah G. Highly sensitive spectrometric method for determination of hydroquinone in skin lightening creams: application in cosmetics. Int J Cosmet Sci 2011; 33:132-7. [PMID: 20704599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2010.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive, simpler, faster and economical UV/visible spectrophotometric method has been established for the estimation of hydroquinone (HQ) in dilute organic matrices. The method is based on using ammonium meta-vanadate as an oxidizing catalyst for conversion of HQ to p-benzoquinone (BQ) in the presence of oxygen. As a result of higher absorption of UV light by BQ than by HQ, its signal has been utilized for determining HQ at the trace level. The effect of various parameters such as amount of oxidizing agent, stability time, temperature, acids and bases, solvents and interference by various compounds has been studied upon the absorption of BQ as HQ. Under optimized conditions, Beer's Law was obeyed in the range of 0.025-2.00 μg ml(-1) HQ at 245.5 nm using 1 : 1 (V/V) 2-propanol/water system with a lower detection limit of 7 ng ml(-1) and linear regression coefficient of 0.9998. Relative standard deviation of 1.5% was observed for 0.5 μg ml(-1) HQ solution (n = 11). The newly developed method has been successfully applied to diluted samples of various skin lightening creams for free HQ determination at the trace level. Comparison of the results obtained by the proposed method with those by a previously reported method proved its validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Uddin
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
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Lutfullah G, Qaisar Khan N, Amin F, Kakakhel L, Azhar N. Structural Modeling Studies of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase X: Insights into Key Interactions in the Tetrameric Assembly of the Isoenzyme. Protein Pept Lett 2011; 18:41-57. [DOI: 10.2174/092986611794328645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lutfullah G, Azhar N, Amin F, Khan Z, Azim MK, Shouqat K, Noor S, Ali R. Structural bioinformatics of Vibrio cholerae aminopeptidase A (PepA) monomer. Protein Pept Lett 2009; 16:36-45. [PMID: 19149671 DOI: 10.2174/092986609787049484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidase A (PepA) is a metalloexopeptidase found in Vibrio cholerae .It functions as a transcriptional repressor in regulatory cascade that controls virulence gene expression in V. cholerae. It is involved in protein degradation and in the metabolism of biologically active peptides. We proposed a 3D model of PepA based upon the crystal structure of PepA from Escherichia coli (E. coli) with an intention to evaluate the active site of the enzyme and to predict the properties of this enzyme, study of its 3D structure will help in understanding its role in DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghosia Lutfullah
- Center of Biotechnology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Lutfullah G, Amin F, Khan Z, Azhar N, Azim MK, Noor S, Shoukat K. Homology modeling of hemagglutinin/protease [HA/P (vibriolysin)] from Vibrio cholerae: sequence comparision, residue interactions and molecular mechanism. Protein J 2008; 27:105-14. [PMID: 18074211 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-007-9113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae produces a zinc-containing and calcium-stabilized soluble hemagglutinin/protease, which has been earlier shown to have the ability to cleave several physiologically important substrates including mucin, fibronectin and lactoferin. This study presents homology modeling of hemagglutinin/protease (vibriolysin) from Vibrio cholerae in the presence of inhibitor HPI [N-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-phenylalanyl-alpha-aspargine]. The 3D structure was predicted based on its sequence homology with Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (PAE). Comparison of the 3D structures of PAE and HA/P reveals a remarkable similarity having a conserved alpha + beta domain. The inhibitor shows similar binding features as seen in other metalloproteases of M4 peptidase family. The study also highlights the key catalytic residues as well as the residues at the S1 and S1' binding sub-sites. The similarities between the two proteins provide support for the hypothesis that the two enzymes have similar three-dimensional structures and a common mechanism of action. The fact that both enzymes are secreted as zinc-containing proteases, led us to further hypothesize that they may play similar role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghosia Lutfullah
- Center of Biotechnology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Lutfullah G, Khalil HS, Amin F, Azhar N. Low Oxygen Affinity in Reptilian Hemoglobin D: Prediction of Residue Interactions in Geochelone carbonaria HbD by Homology Modeling. Protein J 2007; 27:141-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-007-9117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kakakhel L, Lutfullah G, Bhanger MI, Shah A, Niaz A. Electrolytic recovery of chromium salts from tannery wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2007; 148:560-5. [PMID: 17451875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tannery wastewater collected from a local leather industry in Peshawar, Pakistan was subjected to DC electrolysis in a simple cell having two static sheet electrodes and stirring assembly after proper dilution and adjustment to desired conditions. One percent HNO(3) and 1% NaHCO(3) were used as electrolytes and pH adjusters. The latter salt also worked as sodium source for anodic deposition of Na(2)Cr(2)O(7). Various combinations of electrodes were tested and conditions optimized for best electrode couple with increased recovery and removal of chromium in the form of Cr(OH)(3) and/or Na(2)Cr(2)O(7) at cathode and anode, respectively. The recovery of 99% chromium was achieved after 2h electrolysis at a cell potential of 1.0 V, pH 5.0 and stirring rate of 500 rpm using Pb sheet as anode and Cu sheet as cathode. The most interesting and novel finding of this work was the recovery of the mentioned salt(s) alone at Cu cathode or Pb anode or collectively at both electrodes by proper control of pH. Such treatment not only minimizes the environmental water pollution, but results in the formation of useful products employed for recycling purpose in tannery or other related industry to make the process economical.
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Lutfullah G, Ali SA, Abbasi A. Molecular mechanism of high altitude respiration: primary structure of a minor hemoglobin component from Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula, Anseriformes). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 326:123-30. [PMID: 15567161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Avian hemoglobins have attracted much attention in view of the unique oxygen transport characteristics. The present study describes the primary structure of minor hemoglobin component HbD from Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula), a migratory bird seen in Pakistan during the winter season. Separation of the polypeptide subunits was achieved by ion exchange chromatography in the presence of 8M urea. Molecular masses of the intact protein as well as peptides obtained from chemical and enzymatic cleavages were determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The sequence was studied by automatic Edman degradation of the native chains and their tryptic/hydrolytic fragments in a gas-phase sequencer. Comparison of the hemoglobin sequence with the corresponding sequences of Anseriform representatives and other avian species shows residues like alpha(D)23 Asp, alpha(D)120 Asp as being specific to Tufted duck. The three-dimensional structure analyzed with the protein structure modeling package, WHAT IF, using the crystal structure coordinates of chicken hemoglobin (PDB code=1hbr) shows alpha(D)34 Val, alpha(D)38 Gln, and alpha(D)94 Asp as possible mediators offering alternate pathway for oxygen uptake and release thereby leading to distinct hypoxia tolerance in the Tufted ducks. Results are discussed with reference to function and evolution in the Anseriform representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghosia Lutfullah
- International Centre for Chemical Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Abbasi A, Lutfullah G. Molecular basis of bird respiration: primary hemoglobin structure component from Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula, Anseriformes)--role of alpha99Arg in formation of a complex salt bridge network. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 291:176-84. [PMID: 11829480 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The primary structure of the major hemoglobin component, HbA (alpha(A)- and beta-chain), from Tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) is presented. The separation of the globin subunits was achieved by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose in 8 M urea. The amino acid sequence was determined by automatic Edman degradation of native chains as well as tryptic and hydrolytic peptides in a gas-phase sequencer. The automated homology model was generated by the protein structure modeling package WHAT IF using the crystal structure coordinates of Bar-headed goose hemoglobin. The 3D structure prediction enables alpha99Arg and beta101Glu to emerge as a new intersubunit contact site not found in the hemoglobin structure of any other species. alpha99Arg forms a complex salt bridge network involving alpha99Arg-beta101Glu-beta104Arg-beta108Asp. Also the substitution at alpha34 --> Ile, alpha38 --> Gln and beta55 --> Leu serves to stabilize the oxy-structure, leading to higher oxygen affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiya Abbasi
- International Centre for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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