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Massimo G, Khambata RS, Chapman T, Birchall K, Raimondi C, Shabbir A, Dyson N, Rathod K, Borghi C, Ahluwalia A. Corrigendum to "Natural mutations of human XDH promote the nitrite (NO 2-)-reductase capacity of xanthine oxidoreductase: A novel mechanism to promote redox health?" [Redox Biol. 4 (67) (2023) 102864]. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102925. [PMID: 37867029 PMCID: PMC10638451 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Massimo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - R S Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - T Chapman
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - K Birchall
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - C Raimondi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - A Shabbir
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nicki Dyson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - K Rathod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - C Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, N.9, 40138, Italy
| | - A Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Massimo G, Khambata RS, Chapman T, Birchall K, Raimondi C, Shabbir A, Dyson N, Rathod KS, Borghi C, Ahluwalia A. Natural mutations of human XDH promote the nitrite (NO 2-)-reductase capacity of xanthine oxidoreductase: A novel mechanism to promote redox health? Redox Biol 2023; 67:102864. [PMID: 37713777 PMCID: PMC10511815 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Several rare genetic variations of human XDH have been shown to alter xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity leading to impaired purine catabolism. However, XOR is a multi-functional enzyme that depending upon the environmental conditions also expresses oxidase activity leading to both O2·- and H2O2 and nitrite (NO2-) reductase activity leading to nitric oxide (·NO). Since these products express important, and often diametrically opposite, biological activity, consideration of the impact of XOR mutations in the context of each aspect of the biochemical activity of the enzyme is needed to determine the potential full impact of these variants. Herein, we show that known naturally occurring hXDH mutations do not have a uniform impact upon the biochemical activity of the enzyme in terms of uric acid (UA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide ·NO formation. We show that the His1221Arg mutant, in the presence of xanthine, increases UA, O2·- and NO generation compared to the WT, whilst the Ile703Val increases UA and ·NO formation, but not O2·-. We speculate that this change in the balance of activity of the enzyme is likely to endow those carrying these mutations with a harmful or protective influence over health that may explain the current equipoise underlying the perceived importance of XDH mutations. We also show that, in presence of inorganic NO2-, XOR-driven O2·- production is substantially reduced. We suggest that targeting enzyme activity to enhance the NO2--reductase profile in those carrying such mutations may provide novel therapeutic options, particularly in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Massimo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - R S Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - T Chapman
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - K Birchall
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - C Raimondi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - A Shabbir
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nicki Dyson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - K S Rathod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - C Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, N.9, 40138, Italy
| | - A Ahluwalia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, N.9, 40138, Italy.
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Shabbir A, Chhetri I, Khambata RS, Parakaw T, Lau C, Aubdool MABN, Massimo G, Dyson N, Kapil V, Godec T, Apea V, Flint J, Orkin C, Rathod KS, Ahluwalia A. A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled parallel study to investigate the effect of sex and dietary nitrate on COVID-19 vaccine-induced vascular dysfunction in healthy men and women: protocol of the DiNOVasc-COVID-19 study. Trials 2023; 24:593. [PMID: 37715222 PMCID: PMC10504715 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular events, driven by endothelial dysfunction, are a recognised complication of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infections remain a persistent concern globally, and an understanding of the mechanisms causing endothelial dysfunction, particularly the role of inflammation, nitric oxide, and whether sex differences exist in this response, is lacking. We have previously demonstrated important sex differences in the inflammatory response and its impact on endothelial function and separately that the ingestion of inorganic nitrate can protect the endothelium against this dysfunction. In this study, we will investigate whether sex or a dietary inorganic nitrate intervention modulates endothelial function and inflammatory responses after the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS DiNOVasc-COVID-19 is a double-blind, randomised, single-centre, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 98 healthy volunteers (49 males and 49 females) will be recruited. Participants will be randomised into 1 of 2 sub-studies: part A or part B. Part A will investigate the effects of sex on vascular and inflammatory responses to the COVID-19 vaccine. Part B will investigate the effects of sex and dietary inorganic nitrate on vascular and inflammatory responses to the COVID-19 vaccine. In part B, participants will be randomised to receive 3 days of either nitrate-containing beetroot juice (intervention) or nitrate-deplete beetroot juice (placebo). The primary outcome for both sub-studies is a comparison of the change in flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) from baseline after COVID-19 vaccination. The study has a power of > 80% to assess the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include change from baseline in inflammatory and leukocyte counts and in pulse wave analysis (PWA) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) following the COVID-19 vaccination. DISCUSSION This study aims to evaluate whether sex or dietary influences endothelial function and inflammatory responses in healthy volunteers after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04889274. Registered on 5 May 2023. The study was approved by the South Central - Oxford C Research Ethics Committee (21/SC/0154).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Shabbir
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ismita Chhetri
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tipparat Parakaw
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Clement Lau
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Muhammad A B N Aubdool
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gianmichele Massimo
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Nicki Dyson
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thomas Godec
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Vanessa Apea
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jan Flint
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Chloe Orkin
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Krishnaraj S Rathod
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Fernandes D, Khambata RS, Massimo G, Ruivo E, Gee LC, Foster J, Goddard A, Curtis M, Barnes MR, Wade WG, Godec T, Orlandi M, D'Aiuto F, Ahluwalia A. Local delivery of nitric oxide prevents endothelial dysfunction in periodontitis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 188:106616. [PMID: 36566926 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Increased cardiovascular disease risk underlies elevated rates of mortality in individuals with periodontitis. A key characteristic of those with increased cardiovascular risk is endothelial dysfunction, a phenomenon synonymous with deficiencies of bioavailable nitric oxide (NO), and prominently expressed in patients with periodontitis. Also, inorganic nitrate can be reduced to NO in vivo to restore NO levels, leading us to hypothesise that its use may be beneficial in reducing periodontitis-associated endothelial dysfunction. Herein we sought to determine whether inorganic nitrate improves endothelial function in the setting of periodontitis and if so to determine the mechanisms underpinning any responses seen. METHODS AND RESULTS Periodontitis was induced in mice by placement of a ligature for 14 days around the second molar. Treatment in vivo with potassium nitrate, either prior to or following establishment of experimental periodontitis, attenuated endothelial dysfunction, as determined by assessment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of aortic rings, compared to control (potassium chloride treatment). These beneficial effects were associated with a suppression of vascular wall inflammatory pathways (assessed by quantitative-PCR), increases in the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 and reduced tissue oxidative stress due to attenuation of xanthine oxidoreductase-dependent superoxide generation. In patients with periodontitis, plasma nitrite levels were not associated with endothelial function indicating dysfunction. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that inorganic nitrate protects against, and can partially reverse pre-existing, periodontitis-induced endothelial dysfunction through restoration of nitrite and thus NO levels. This research highlights the potential of dietary nitrate as adjunct therapy to target the associated negative cardiovascular outcomes in patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernandes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Gianmichele Massimo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Ernesto Ruivo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lorna C Gee
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Julie Foster
- Centre for Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alison Goddard
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mike Curtis
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - William G Wade
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK; Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Godec
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Gee LC, Massimo G, Lau C, Primus C, Fernandes D, Chen J, Rathod KS, Hamers AJP, Filomena F, Nuredini G, Ibrahim AS, Khambata RS, Gupta AK, Moon JC, Kapil V, Ahluwalia A. Inorganic nitrate attenuates cardiac dysfunction: role for xanthine oxidoreductase and nitric oxide. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:4757-4777. [PMID: 34309015 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator and independent modulator of cardiac remodelling. Commonly, in cardiac disease (e.g. heart failure) endothelial dysfunction (synonymous with NO-deficiency) has been implicated in increased blood pressure (BP), cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Currently no effective therapies replacing NO have succeeded in the clinic. Inorganic nitrate (NO3 - ), through chemical reduction to nitrite and then NO, exerts potent BP-lowering but whether it might be useful in treating undesirable cardiac remodelling is unknown. In a nested age- and sex-matched case-control study of hypertensive patients +/- left ventricular hypertrophy (NCT03088514) we show that lower plasma nitrite concentration and vascular dysfunction accompany cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in patients. In mouse models of cardiac remodelling, we also show that restoration of circulating nitrite levels using dietary nitrate improves endothelial dysfunction through targeting of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)-driven H2 O2 and superoxide, and reduces cardiac fibrosis through NO-mediated block of SMAD-phosphorylation leading to improvements in cardiac structure and function. We show that via these mechanisms dietary nitrate offers easily translatable therapeutic options for treatment of cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna C Gee
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gianmichele Massimo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Clement Lau
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Primus
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,, Brazil
| | - Jianmin Chen
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Krishnaraj S Rathod
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Jozua Pedro Hamers
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Federica Filomena
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gani Nuredini
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Abdiwahab Shidane Ibrahim
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ajay K Gupta
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James C Moon
- UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vikas Kapil
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Kapil V, Khambata RS, Jones DA, Rathod K, Primus C, Massimo G, Fukuto JM, Ahluwalia A. The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation: The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:692-766. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Rosticci M, Pervjakova N, Kaakinen M, Cicero AF, Feufer AP, Marullo L, Mägi R, Fischer K, Jiang L, D'Addato S, Rizzoli E, Massimo G, Giovannini M, Angelini S, Hrelia P, Scapoli C, Borghi C, Prokopenko I. A meta-analysis of Italian and Estonian individuals shows an effect of common variants in HMGCR on blood apoB levels. Biomark Med 2019; 13:931-940. [PMID: 30191727 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the effects of variants at HMGCR-KIF6loci on a range of cardio-metabolic phenotypes. Methods: We analyzed the range of variants within Genetics in Brisighella Health Study and KIF6 genes using an additive genetic model on 18 cardiometabolic phenotypes in a sample of 1645 individuals from the Genetics in Brisighella Health Study and replicated in 10,662 individuals from the Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu. Results: We defined directly the effects of rs3846662:C>A at HMGCR on apoB levels. The analysis also confirmed effects of on low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total cholesterol levels. Variants in KIF6 gene did not reveal any associations with cardiometabolic phenotypes. Conclusion: This study highlights effect of HMGCR locus on assay-determined apoB levels, an infrequent measure of blood lipids in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rosticci
- Medicine & Surgery Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Natalia Pervjakova
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Genomics of Common Disease, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Genomics of Common Disease, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Arrigo F Cicero
- Medicine & Surgery Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arne P Feufer
- Institute of Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Longda Jiang
- Genomics of Common Disease, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio D'Addato
- Medicine & Surgery Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rizzoli
- Medicine & Surgery Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianmichele Massimo
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Giovannini
- Medicine & Surgery Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Medicine & Surgery Sciences Department, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Genomics of Common Disease, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Chen J, Hamers AJP, Finsterbusch M, Massimo G, Zafar M, Corder R, Colas RA, Dalli J, Thiemermann C, Ahluwalia A. Endogenously generated arachidonate-derived ligands for TRPV1 induce cardiac protection in sepsis. FASEB J 2018; 32:3816-3831. [PMID: 29465314 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701303r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The severity of cardiac dysfunction predicts mortality in sepsis. Activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor type (TRPV)-1, a predominantly neuronal nonselective cation channel, has been shown to improve outcome in sepsis and endotoxemia. However, the role of TRPV1 and the identity of its endogenous ligands in the cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis and endotoxemia are unknown. Using TRPV1-/- and TRPV1+/+ mice, we showed that endogenous activation of cardiac TRPV1 during sepsis is key to limiting the ensuing cardiac dysfunction. Use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry lipid analysis and selective inhibitors of arachidonic metabolism suggest that the arachidonate-derived TRPV1 activator, 20-hydroxyeicosateraenoic acid (20-HETE), underlies a substantial component of TRPV1-mediated cardioprotection in sepsis. Moreover, using selective antagonists for neuropeptide receptors, we show that this effect of TRPV1 relates to the activity of neuronally released cardiac calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and that, accordingly, administration of CGRP can rescue cardiac dysfunction in severe endotoxemia. In sum activation of TRPV1 by 20-HETE leads to the release of CGRP, which protects the heart against the cardiac dysfunction in endotoxemia and identifies both TRPV1 and CGRP receptors as potential therapeutic targets in endotoxemia.-Chen, J., Hamers, A. J. P., Finsterbusch, M., Massimo, G., Zafar, M., Corder, R., Colas, R. A., Dalli, J., Thiemermann, C., Ahluwalia, A. Endogenously generated arachidonate-derived ligands for TRPV1 induce cardiac protection in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J P Hamers
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Finsterbusch
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gianmichele Massimo
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maleeha Zafar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Corder
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Romain A Colas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Angelini S, Rosticci M, Massimo G, Musti M, Ravegnini G, Consolini N, Sammarini G, D'Addato S, Rizzoli E, Botbayev D, Borghi C, Cantelli-Forti G, Cicero AF, Hrelia P. Relationship between Lipid Phenotypes, Overweight, Lipid Lowering Drug Response and KIF6 and HMG-CoA Genotypes in a Subset of the Brisighella Heart Study Population. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010049. [PMID: 29295555 PMCID: PMC5795999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of genetic traits might explain the susceptibility to develop hypercholesterolemia and the inter-individual differences in statin response. This study was performed to evaluate whether individuals' polymorphisms in HMG-CoA and KIF6 genes are independently associated with hypercholesterolemia, other lipid-associated traits, and statin response in unselected individuals enrolled in the Brisighella heart study (Survey 2012). A total of 1622 individuals, of which 183 under statin medication, were genotyped for a total of five polymorphisms (KIF6 rs20455, rs9471077, rs9462535; HMG-CoA rs3761740, rs3846662). The relationships between the five loci and clinical characteristics were analyzed. The principal basic parameters calculated on 12 h fasting blood included total cholesterol (TC), High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). Hypercholesterolemia was defined as a TC >200 mg/dL or use of lipid-lowering medication. 965 individuals were characterized by hypercholesterolemia; these subjects were significantly older (p < 0.001), with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to the others. HMG-CoA rs3846662 GG genotype was significantly over-represented in the hypercholesterolemic group (p = 0.030). HMG-CoA rs3846662 genotype was associated with the level of TC and LDL-C. Furthermore, in the same subset of untreated subjects, we observed a significant correlation between the KIF6 rs20455 and HDL-C. KIF6 variants were associated with a significantly lower (rs20455) or higher (rs9471077 and rs9462535) risk of obesity, in males only. No association between responsiveness to statins and the polymorphisms under investigation were observed. Our results showed associations between HMG-CoA rs3846662 and KIF6 rs20455 and lipid phenotypes, which may have an influence on dyslipidemia-related events. Moreover, this represents the first study implicating KIF6 variants with obesity in men, and point to the possible involvement of this genetic locus in the known gender-related differences in coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Angelini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Martina Rosticci
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gianmichele Massimo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Muriel Musti
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiological Service, Local Health Authority of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Gloria Ravegnini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Consolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Sammarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sergio D'Addato
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rizzoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Dauren Botbayev
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Кazakh National University Named after al-Farabi, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Cantelli-Forti
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Corso d'Augusto 237, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
| | - Arrigo F Cicero
- Department of Medical and Surgical, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, via Irnerio 48, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Ridolfi L, Elisabetta P, Francesco D, Alice R, Carla C, Nicola G, Giorgia G, Oriana N, Alberto F, Massimo G. Increased frequency of acute reactions to iodinated contrast media after anti-CTLA-4 immunomodulating antibodies in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx436.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Murthy M, Xu S, Massimo G, Wolley M, Gordon RD, Stowasser M, O’Shaughnessy KM. Role for Germline Mutations and a Rare Coding Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Within the KCNJ5 Potassium Channel in a Large Cohort of Sporadic Cases of Primary Aldosteronism. Hypertension 2014; 63:783-9. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meena Murthy
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.M., G.M., K.M.O.); and Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia (S.X., M.W., R.D.G., M.S.)
| | - Shengxin Xu
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.M., G.M., K.M.O.); and Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia (S.X., M.W., R.D.G., M.S.)
| | - Gianmichele Massimo
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.M., G.M., K.M.O.); and Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia (S.X., M.W., R.D.G., M.S.)
| | - Martin Wolley
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.M., G.M., K.M.O.); and Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia (S.X., M.W., R.D.G., M.S.)
| | - Richard D. Gordon
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.M., G.M., K.M.O.); and Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia (S.X., M.W., R.D.G., M.S.)
| | - Michael Stowasser
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.M., G.M., K.M.O.); and Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia (S.X., M.W., R.D.G., M.S.)
| | - Kevin M. O’Shaughnessy
- From the Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (M.M., G.M., K.M.O.); and Endocrine Hypertension Research Centre, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia (S.X., M.W., R.D.G., M.S.)
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Rizk S, Duru C, Gaudy D, Jacob M, Colombo P, Massimo G. Natural Polymer Hydrophilic Matrix: Influencing Drug Release Factors. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049409042660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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13
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Panico AM, Vicini P, Massimo G, Cardile V, Gentile B, Avondo S, Vittorio F, Ronsisvalle G. Protective effects of benzisothiazolylamidines on IL-1 beta induced alterations in human articular chondrocyte metabolism. Inflammation 2005; 28:231-5. [PMID: 15673165 DOI: 10.1023/b:ifla.0000049048.33885.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro effects on human articular chondrocytes were evaluated for a series of N-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl-amidines, bearing as pharmacophoric moiety the nonacidic isosteric nitrogen analogue of the carboxylic group. The aim was to verify their effectiveness in articular diseases, such as arthritis. Human chondrocytes were treated with IL-1beta in the presence of a series of N-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl-amidines at a concentration of 100 microg/mL. After 120 h, the amount of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the inhibition of metalloproteinases (MMP-3) and prostaglandin (PGE2) were measured. Nitrite production induced by inflammatory IL-1beta on cultured chondrocytes was inhibited by the N-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl-amidines tested, in particular by N-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl-benzamidine, which was the most active. Concerning the effects on GAGs, all the tested benzisothiazolylamidines, and in particular N-benzo[d]isothiazol-3-yl-acetamidine, prevented the depletion of proteoglycan induced by IL-1beta. Inhibitory effects of the tested compounds on MMP-3 activity and on PGE2 production were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Panico
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Bettini R, Catellani PL, Santi P, Massimo G, Peppas NA, Colombo P. Translocation of drug particles in HPMC matrix gel layer: effect of drug solubility and influence on release rate. J Control Release 2001; 70:383-91. [PMID: 11182208 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the release mechanisms of drugs having different solubility (buflomedil pyridoxalphosphate 65%, sodium diclofenac 3.1%, nitrofutantoin 0.02% w/v,) from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrices by concomitantly studying swelling, diffusion and erosion fronts movement and drug delivery. The main goal was to clarify the role played by polymer swelling in drug transport. The results showed that the rate and amount of drug released from swellable matrices was dependent not only from drug dissolution and diffusion but also from solid drug translocation in the gel due to polymer swelling. In fact, as drug solubility decreased, the slower drug dissolution rate in the gel layer allowed drug particles to be transported close to the matrix erosion front. The presence of solid particles in the gel reduced the swelling and the entanglement of polymer chains and affected the resistance of gel towards erosion. As a consequence, the matrix became more erodible. The erosive delivery accelerated after the matrix had been completely transformed into the rubbery state, particularly when a considerable amount of solid drug particles remained in the gel phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43100 Parma, Italy
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15
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Maggi L, Catellani PL, Fisicaro E, Santi P, Zani F, Massimo G, Colombo P. Effect of drying methods on retention of moist sucralfate gel properties. AAPS PharmSciTech 2000; 1:E26. [PMID: 14727912 PMCID: PMC2750354 DOI: 10.1208/pt010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to find a drying procedure for moist sucralfate gel capable of producing dried sucralfate gel that retains the original gel properties of bioadhesion, rheology, and micromeritics. Spray-drying and microwave-drying procedures were employed. Mannitol was used as a gel-protective substance during the drying processes. The spray drying of moist sucralfate gel gave rise to a powder whose water suspensions showed significantly reduced viscosity. The bioadhesion of spray-dried sucralfate gel was strongly reduced by drying. When mannitol was used as a gel protector, the spray-dried sucralfate in part maintained the original bioadhesion of moist sucralfate gel. The preparation of a dried sucralfate gel retaining the bioadhesion characteristics, avoiding the use of mannitol, was made possible using the microwave-drying procedure. The microwave-dried product possesses a granular morphology suitable for direct compression because it is a free flowing and strongly coherent granular powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Maggi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - P. L. Catellani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - E. Fisicaro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - P. Santi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - F. Zani
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - G. Massimo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - P. Colombo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Massimo G, Catellani PL, Santi P, Bettini R, Vaona G, Bonfanti A, Maggi L, Colombo P. Disintegration propensity of tablets evaluated by means of disintegrating force kinetics. Pharm Dev Technol 2000; 5:163-9. [PMID: 10810746 DOI: 10.1081/pdt-100100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to measure the disintegrating force concomitantly with tablet disintegration, in order to evaluate the disintegration propensity of tablets. Disintegration and dissolution were measured on tablets containing two poorly soluble drugs (diclofenac sodium or ketoprofen), including different percentages of two disintegrants (Explotab or Ac-Di-Sol). Because of the experimental setup, the disintegrating force measured was the result of the force generated by disintegrant swelling and dissipated by tablet disintegration. The disintegrating force versus time curves had shapes ranging from a skewed distribution curve to a bell-shaped curve, depending on slow or rapid disintegration of tablets, respectively. Interestingly, the shape of the resulting curves was very sensitive to the composition of the tablet. When the disintegrant in the formula was increased, the force-time curve approached the bell-like shape. The disintegration propensity of the tablet can be evaluated by the disintegrating force development during disintegration. The disintegration improvement of the formula can be predicted. The disintegrating force curve allows for the clear identification of the optimal percentage of disintegrant to be used.
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Santi P, Volpato NM, Bettini R, Catellani PL, Massimo G, Colombo P. Transdermal iontophoresis of salmon calcitonin can reproduce the hypocalcemic effect of intravenous administration. Farmaco 1997; 52:445-8. [PMID: 9372596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Salmon calcitonin (sCt) was administered by transdermal iontophoresis in rabbits, using a new drug reservoir assembled directly on the skin, based on a dry disc containing sCt to be dissolved at the application site. The hypocalcemic effect was taken as a measure of the pharmacodynamic response. In rabbits, the results obtained show that salmon calcitonin skin penetration by iontophoresis, using pulsatile current of 0.8 mA/cm2 on a reservoir containing 100 IU/Kg of sCt, was governed by the quantity of electric charge applied, mimicking the hypocalcemic response of 10 IU/Kg intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Santi
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università di Parma, Italy
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18
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Colombo P, Bettini R, Massimo G, Catellani PL, Santi P, Peppas NA. Drug diffusion front movement is important in drug release control from swellable matrix tablets. J Pharm Sci 1995; 84:991-7. [PMID: 7500286 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600840816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Swellable controlled release devices of buflomedil pyridoxalphosphate in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose were prepared, and their swelling and release behavior was investigated. The drug release as a function of time was investigated for various system parameters. Three distinct fronts were observed during the swelling and release processes, i.e., a swelling, a drug diffusion, and an erosion front. The drug diffusion front could be readily determined due to the drug's yellow color. The relative positions of the fronts and the drug release rate were studied as functions of the initial porosity and the molecular weight of the polymer carrier. It was shown that the drug diffusion front best describes the overall release behavior of the system. The fractional drug release was a strong function of the dissolved drug gel layer thickness, which separates the diffusion front from the erosion front. The effect of drug solubility was also investigated by altering the pH and the ionic strength of the dissolution medium. It was shown that as drug solubility increased, the undissolved drug gel layer thickness decreased, again showing the importance of the movement of the diffusion front in controlling the overall release.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Colombo
- Pharmaceutical Department, University of Parma, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale S. Orsola FBF, Brescia, Italy
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20
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Zani F, Massimo G, Coghi E, Bellotti A, Mazza P. Biological studies on 2,1-benzisothiazole derivatives. I. Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and genotoxic activities of 1-acyl-3-acylimino-2,1-benzisothiazolines. Farmaco 1990; 45:1219-28. [PMID: 2128452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and genotoxic activities of some 1-acyl-3-acylimino-2,1-benzisothiazolines is described. Compounds 55, 58, 60 and 62 exhibited a selective antibacterial activity. Compounds 1, 2, 30, 59 and 63 were active against Botrytis cinerea, compounds 6, 20, 39 and 54 against Pythium irregulare. DNA-damaging activity in the Bacillus subtilis rec-assay was demonstrated for compounds 45, 46, 54, 55, 57 and 61. By the Salmonella-microsome assay, genotoxic activity was confirmed and demonstrated also for compounds 10, 28, 29, 40, 44, 47-53, 56, 58-60, 62 and 63. Relationships between structure and genotoxic activity showed that all compounds containing an aromatic -NO2 group, except compound 27, were active. Among derivatives containing a -CH2Cl group in the acylic chain, only compound 40 showed mutagenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zani
- Istituto di Technica Farmaceutica, Università di Parma, Italy
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Massimo G, Zani F, Coghi E, Bellotti A, Mazza P. Biological studies on 1,2-benzisothiazole derivatives. III. Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and DNA-damaging activities of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-ones. Farmaco 1990; 45:439-46. [PMID: 2119179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial, antifungal and DNA-damaging properties of some 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one derivatives is described. Antibacterial activity against Gram+ microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) was demonstrated in some N-alkoxybenzyl, N-aryl and N-alkoxyphenyl derivatives. Antifungal activity turned out to be strongly affected by the substituents considered. Some derivatives exhibited selective activity against the fungi used. Poor antimicrobial activity was observed in the N-chlorocarbonylphenyl and N-carboxyamidophenyl derivatives. None of the compounds tested turned out to have any genotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Massimo
- Istituto di Tecnica Farmaceutica, Università di Parma, Italy
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Zani F, Massimo G, Coghi E, Bellotti A, Mazza P. Biological studies on 1,2-benzisothiazole derivatives. II. Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and DNA-damaging activities of 3-amino, 3-acylamino, 3-alkylaminoacylamino derivatives. Farmaco 1989; 44:997-1006. [PMID: 2515866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and DNA-damaging properties of some 3-amino, 3-acylamino and 3-alkylaminoacylamino derivatives of 1,2-benzisothiazole is described. Compounds 1-8, 38 and 48 exhibited a selective antifungal activity while the other compounds did not show any significative activity. None of the compounds tested turned out to have any genotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zani
- Istituto di Tecnica Farmaceutica, Università di Parma, Italy
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