Immunotherapy for lung cancer

Immune checkpoint blockers have transformed non-small-cell lung cancer treatment, but they can lead to autoimmune and inflammatory side effects, leading to the concurrent use of immunosuppressive treatments. In this analysis, we delve into the potential of antibodies checkpoint blockade, focusing on CTLA-4 inhibition using ipilimumab, as a groundbreaking cancer immunotherapy. We also concentrate on the role of biomarkers, particularly PD-L1 activity and mutation significance, in predicting the response to programmed cell death protein 1 blockage and the prevalence of side effects associated with immune-related side effects. In describing the patterns of cancer response to immunotherapy, we underline the limitations of response assessment criteria like RECIST and World Health Organization. We also stress the necessity of ongoing studies and clinical trials, standardized guidelines, and additional research to improve response assessment in the era of immunotherapy.

Phytochemicals, therapeutic benefits and applications of chrysanthemum flower: A review

Chrysanthemum is a flowering plant belonging to a genus of the dicotyledonous herbaceous annual flowering plant of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. It is a perpetual flowering plant, mostly cultivated for medicinal purposes; generally, used in popular drinks due to its aroma and flavor. It is primarily cultivated in China, Japan, Europe, and United States. These flowers were extensively used in various healthcare systems and for treating various diseases. Chrysanthemum flowers are rich in phenolic compounds and exhibit strong properties including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-obesity, immune regulation, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities. The main aim of the present review was to investigate the nutritional profile, phytochemistry, and biological activities of flowers of different Chrysanthemum species. Also, a critical discussion of the diverse metabolites or bioactive constituents of the Chrysanthemum flowers is highlighted in the present review. Moreover, the flower extracts of Chrysanthemum have been assessed to possess a rich phytochemical profile, including compounds such as cyanidin-3-O-(6″-O-malonyl) glucoside, delphinidin 3-O-(6" -O-malonyl) glucoside-3', rutin, quercetin, isorhamnetin, rutinoside, and others. These profiles exhibit potential health benefits, leading to their utilization in the production of supplementary food products and pharmaceutical drugs within the industry. However, more comprehensive research studies/investigations are still needed to further discover the potential benefits for human and animal utilization.

Crystal and geometry-optimized structure, and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-(2-bromo-eth-yl)indoline-2,3-dione

In the title compound, the isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) moiety is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.026 Å). In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ab plane, and enclosing (24) loops.

In the title compound, C₁₀H₈BrNO₂, the isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) moiety is nearly planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.026 Å). In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ab plane, and enclosing R₄⁴(24) loops. There are a low percentage (19.3%) of inter­molecular H⋯H contacts in the structure, as estimated by the analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces. This could be due to the presence of the Br atom, present in the bromo­ethyl­ene group, which makes ca 18.7% Br⋯H contacts.