1
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Obst M, Nörenberg T, Álvarez-Pérez G, de Oliveira TVAG, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Feres FH, Kaps FG, Hatem O, Luferau A, Nikitin AY, Klopf JM, Alonso-González P, Kehr SC, Eng LM. Terahertz Twistoptics-Engineering Canalized Phonon Polaritons. ACS Nano 2023; 17:19313-19322. [PMID: 37738305 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The terahertz (THz) frequency range is key to studying collective excitations in many crystals and organic molecules. However, due to the large wavelength of THz radiation, the local probing of these excitations in smaller crystalline structures or few-molecule arrangements requires sophisticated methods to confine THz light down to the nanometer length scale, as well as to manipulate such a confined radiation. For this purpose, in recent years, taking advantage of hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in highly anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) materials has emerged as a promising approach, offering a multitude of manipulation options, such as control over the wavefront shape and propagation direction. Here, we demonstrate the THz application of twist-angle-induced HPhP manipulation, designing the propagation of confined THz radiation between 8.39 and 8.98 THz in the vdW material α-molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3), hence extending twistoptics to this intriguing frequency range. Our images, recorded by near-field optical microscopy, show the frequency- and twist-angle-dependent changes between hyperbolic and elliptic polariton propagation, revealing a polaritonic transition at THz frequencies. As a result, we are able to allocate canalization (highly collimated propagation) of confined THz radiation by carefully adjusting these two parameters, i.e. frequency and twist angle. Specifically, we report polariton canalization in α-MoO3 at 8.67 THz for a twist angle of 50°. Our results demonstrate the precise control and manipulation of confined collective excitations at THz frequencies, particularly offering possibilities for nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Obst
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Tobias Nörenberg
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Thales V A G de Oliveira
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, Université de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flávio H Feres
- Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Felix G Kaps
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Osama Hatem
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Andrei Luferau
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - J Michael Klopf
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Susanne C Kehr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Lukas M Eng
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Collaborative Research Center 1415, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
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2
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Duan J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Lanza C, Voronin K, Tresguerres-Mata AIF, Capote-Robayna N, Álvarez-Cuervo J, Tarazaga Martín-Luengo A, Martín-Sánchez J, Volkov VS, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Multiple and spectrally robust photonic magic angles in reconfigurable α-MoO 3 trilayers. Nat Mater 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01582-5. [PMID: 37349399 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01582-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of a topological transition of the polaritonic dispersion in twisted bilayers of anisotropic van der Waals materials at a given twist angle-the photonic magic angle-results in the diffractionless propagation of polaritons with deep-subwavelength resolution. This type of propagation, generally referred to as canalization, holds promise for the control of light at the nanoscale. However, the existence of a single photonic magic angle hinders such control since the canalization direction in twisted bilayers is unique and fixed for each incident frequency. Here we overcome this limitation by demonstrating multiple spectrally robust photonic magic angles in reconfigurable twisted α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) trilayers. We show that canalization of polaritons can be programmed at will along any desired in-plane direction in a single device with broad spectral ranges. These findings open the door for nanophotonics applications where on-demand control is crucial, such as thermal management, nanoimaging or entanglement of quantum emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain.
- Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - G Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain
| | - C Lanza
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - K Voronin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - N Capote-Robayna
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | | | - J Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain
| | - V S Volkov
- XPANCEO, Bayan Business Center, DIP, Dubai, UAE
| | - A Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - P Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain.
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3
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Nörenberg T, Álvarez-Pérez G, Obst M, Wehmeier L, Hempel F, Klopf JM, Nikitin AY, Kehr SC, Eng LM, Alonso-González P, de Oliveira TVAG. Germanium Monosulfide as a Natural Platform for Highly Anisotropic THz Polaritons. ACS Nano 2022; 16:20174-20185. [PMID: 36446407 PMCID: PMC9799068 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic radiation is key to access collective excitations such as magnons (spins), plasmons (electrons), or phonons (atomic vibrations), thus bridging topics between optics and solid-state physics. Confinement of THz light to the nanometer length scale is desirable for local probing of such excitations in low-dimensional systems, thereby circumventing the large footprint and inherently low spectral power density of far-field THz radiation. For that purpose, phonon polaritons (PhPs) in anisotropic van der Waals (vdW) materials have recently emerged as a promising platform for THz nanooptics. Hence, there is a demand for the exploration of materials that feature not only THz PhPs at different spectral regimes but also host anisotropic (directional) electrical, thermoelectric, and vibronic properties. To that end, we introduce here the semiconducting vdW-material alpha-germanium(II) sulfide (GeS) as an intriguing candidate. By employing THz nanospectroscopy supported by theoretical analysis, we provide a thorough characterization of the different in-plane hyperbolic and elliptical PhP modes in GeS. We find not only PhPs with long lifetimes (τ > 2 ps) and excellent THz light confinement (λ0/λ > 45) but also an intrinsic, phonon-induced anomalous dispersion as well as signatures of naturally occurring, substrate-mediated PhP canalization within a single GeS slab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Nörenberg
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden
Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University
of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research
on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC−Universidad
de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Maximilian Obst
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden
Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Franz Hempel
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Collaborative Research
Center 1415, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - J. Michael Klopf
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
| | - Alexey Y. Nikitin
- Donostia International
Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Susanne C. Kehr
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Lukas M. Eng
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden
Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Collaborative Research
Center 1415, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University
of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research
on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC−Universidad
de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Thales V. A. G. de Oliveira
- Institut für
Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01187, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden
Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden 01062, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden 01328, Germany
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4
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Álvarez-Pérez G, Duan J, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Ou Q, Nikulina E, Liu S, Edgar JH, Bao Q, Giannini V, Hillenbrand R, Martín-Sánchez J, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Negative reflection of nanoscale-confined polaritons in a low-loss natural medium. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabp8486. [PMID: 35857836 PMCID: PMC9299554 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Negative reflection occurs when light is reflected toward the same side of the normal to the boundary from which it is incident. This exotic optical phenomenon is not only yet to be visualized in real space but also remains unexplored, both at the nanoscale and in natural media. Here, we directly visualize nanoscale-confined polaritons negatively reflecting on subwavelength mirrors fabricated in a low-loss van der Waals crystal. Our near-field nanoimaging results unveil an unconventional and broad tunability of both the polaritonic wavelength and direction of propagation upon negative reflection. On the basis of these findings, we introduce a device in nano-optics: a hyperbolic nanoresonator, in which hyperbolic polaritons with different momenta reflect back to a common point source, enhancing the intensity. These results pave way to realize nanophotonics in low-loss natural media, providing an efficient route to control nanolight, a key for future on-chip optical nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Jiahua Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
- Corresponding author. (P.A.-G.); (A.Y.N.); (J.D.)
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizaveta Nikulina
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Song Liu
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - James H. Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Nanjing kLight Laser Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Vincenzo Giannini
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 121, Madrid 28006, Spain
- Technology Innovation Institute, Building B04C, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Excellence, ENSEMBLE 3 Sp. z o.o., Wólczyńska 133, Warsaw 01-919, Poland
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Alexey Yu Nikitin
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Corresponding author. (P.A.-G.); (A.Y.N.); (J.D.)
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
- Corresponding author. (P.A.-G.); (A.Y.N.); (J.D.)
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5
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Duan J, Alfaro-Mozaz FJ, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Dolado I, Álvarez-Pérez G, Titova E, Bylinkin A, Tresguerres-Mata AIF, Martín-Sánchez J, Liu S, Edgar JH, Bandurin DA, Jarillo-Herrero P, Hillenbrand R, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Active and Passive Tuning of Ultranarrow Resonances in Polaritonic Nanoantennas. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2104954. [PMID: 34964174 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202104954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical nanoantennas are of great importance for photonic devices and spectroscopy due to their capability of squeezing light at the nanoscale and enhancing light-matter interactions. Among them, nanoantennas made of polar crystals supporting phonon polaritons (phononic nanoantennas) exhibit the highest quality factors. This is due to the low optical losses inherent in these materials, which, however, hinder the spectral tuning of the nanoantennas due to their dielectric nature. Here, active and passive tuning of ultranarrow resonances in phononic nanoantennas is realized over a wide spectral range (≈35 cm-1 , being the resonance linewidth ≈9 cm-1 ), monitored by near-field nanoscopy. To do that, the local environment of a single nanoantenna made of hexagonal boron nitride is modified by placing it on different polar substrates, such as quartz and 4H-silicon carbide, or covering it with layers of a high-refractive-index van der Waals crystal (WSe2 ). Importantly, active tuning of the nanoantenna polaritonic resonances is demonstrated by placing it on top of a gated graphene monolayer in which the Fermi energy is varied. This work presents the realization of tunable polaritonic nanoantennas with ultranarrow resonances, which can find applications in active nanooptics and (bio)sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | | | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Irene Dolado
- CIC nanoGUNE, BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Elena Titova
- Programmable Functional Materials Lab, Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - Andrei Bylinkin
- CIC nanoGUNE, BRTA, Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel F Tresguerres-Mata
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Song Liu
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - James H Edgar
- Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Denis A Bandurin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- CIC nanoGUNE, BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, EHU/UPV, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
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6
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Martín-Sánchez J, Duan J, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Voronin KV, Prieto I, Ma W, Bao Q, Volkov VS, Hillenbrand R, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Focusing of in-plane hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals crystals with tailored infrared nanoantennas. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj0127. [PMID: 34623915 PMCID: PMC8500510 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Phonon polaritons (PhPs)—light coupled to lattice vibrations—with in-plane hyperbolic dispersion exhibit ray-like propagation with large wave vectors and enhanced density of optical states along certain directions on a surface. As such, they have raised a surge of interest, promising unprecedented manipulation of infrared light at the nanoscale in a planar circuitry. Here, we demonstrate focusing of in-plane hyperbolic PhPs propagating along thin slabs of α-MoO3. To that end, we developed metallic nanoantennas of convex geometries for both efficient launching and focusing of the polaritons. The foci obtained exhibit enhanced near-field confinement and absorption compared to foci produced by in-plane isotropic PhPs. Foci sizes as small as λp/4.5 = λ0/50 were achieved (λp is the polariton wavelength and λ0 is the photon wavelength). Focusing of in-plane hyperbolic polaritons introduces a first and most basic building block developing planar polariton optics using in-plane anisotropic van der Waals materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC–University of Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
- Corresponding author. (J.M.-S.); (P.A.-G.)
| | - Jiahua Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC–University of Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC–University of Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC–University of Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Kirill V. Voronin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Iván Prieto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria IST, Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Weiliang Ma
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- GrapheneTek, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexey Y. Nikitin
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC–University of Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
- Corresponding author. (J.M.-S.); (P.A.-G.)
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7
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Duan J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Voronin KV, Prieto I, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Volkov VS, Martín-Sánchez J, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Enabling propagation of anisotropic polaritons along forbidden directions via a topological transition. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabf2690. [PMID: 33811076 PMCID: PMC11060020 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polaritons with directional in-plane propagation and ultralow losses in van der Waals (vdW) crystals promise unprecedented manipulation of light at the nanoscale. However, these polaritons present a crucial limitation: their directional propagation is intrinsically determined by the crystal structure of the host material, imposing forbidden directions of propagation. Here, we demonstrate that directional polaritons (in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons) in a vdW crystal (α-phase molybdenum trioxide) can be directed along forbidden directions by inducing an optical topological transition, which emerges when the slab is placed on a substrate with a given negative permittivity (4H-silicon carbide). By visualizing the transition in real space, we observe exotic polaritonic states between mutually orthogonal hyperbolic regimes, which unveil the topological origin of the transition: a gap opening in the dispersion. This work provides insights into optical topological transitions in vdW crystals, which introduce a route to direct light at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - G Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - K V Voronin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - I Prieto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - J Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - V S Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - J Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - A Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - P Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain.
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
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8
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Aguilar-Merino P, Álvarez-Pérez G, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Duan J, Prieto I, Álvarez-Prado LM, Nikitin AY, Martín-Sánchez J, Alonso-González P. Extracting the Infrared Permittivity of SiO 2 Substrates Locally by Near-Field Imaging of Phonon Polaritons in a van der Waals Crystal. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11010120. [PMID: 33430225 PMCID: PMC7825664 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Layered materials in which individual atomic layers are bonded by weak van der Waals forces (vdW materials) constitute one of the most prominent platforms for materials research. Particularly, polar vdW crystals, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), alpha-molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) or alpha-vanadium pentoxide (α-V2O5), have received significant attention in nano-optics, since they support phonon polaritons (PhPs)―light coupled to lattice vibrations― with strong electromagnetic confinement and low optical losses. Recently, correlative far- and near-field studies of α-MoO3 have been demonstrated as an effective strategy to accurately extract the permittivity of this material. Here, we use this accurately characterized and low-loss polaritonic material to sense its local dielectric environment, namely silica (SiO2), one of the most widespread substrates in nanotechnology. By studying the propagation of PhPs on α-MoO3 flakes with different thicknesses laying on SiO2 substrates via near-field microscopy (s-SNOM), we extract locally the infrared permittivity of SiO2. Our work reveals PhPs nanoimaging as a versatile method for the quantitative characterization of the local optical properties of dielectric substrates, crucial for understanding and predicting the response of nanomaterials and for the future scalability of integrated nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Aguilar-Merino
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (G.Á.-P.); (J.T.-G.); (J.D.); (L.M.Á.-P.)
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (G.Á.-P.); (J.T.-G.); (J.D.); (L.M.Á.-P.)
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (G.Á.-P.); (J.T.-G.); (J.D.); (L.M.Á.-P.)
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Jiahua Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (G.Á.-P.); (J.T.-G.); (J.D.); (L.M.Á.-P.)
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria;
| | - Luis Manuel Álvarez-Prado
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (G.Á.-P.); (J.T.-G.); (J.D.); (L.M.Á.-P.)
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Alexey Y. Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (G.Á.-P.); (J.T.-G.); (J.D.); (L.M.Á.-P.)
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-S.); (P.A.-G.)
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (P.A.-M.); (G.Á.-P.); (J.T.-G.); (J.D.); (L.M.Á.-P.)
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), 33940 El Entrego, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.-S.); (P.A.-G.)
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9
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de Oliveira TVAG, Nörenberg T, Álvarez-Pérez G, Wehmeier L, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Obst M, Hempel F, Lee EJH, Klopf JM, Errea I, Nikitin AY, Kehr SC, Alonso-González P, Eng LM. Nanoscale-Confined Terahertz Polaritons in a van der Waals Crystal. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2005777. [PMID: 33270287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetic field confinement is crucial for nanophotonic technologies, since it allows for enhancing light-matter interactions, thus enabling light manipulation in deep sub-wavelength scales. In the terahertz (THz) spectral range, radiation confinement is conventionally achieved with specially designed metallic structures-such as antennas or nanoslits-with large footprints due to the rather long wavelengths of THz radiation. In this context, phonon polaritons-light coupled to lattice vibrations-in van der Waals (vdW) crystals have emerged as a promising solution for controlling light beyond the diffraction limit, as they feature extreme field confinements and low optical losses. However, experimental demonstration of nanoscale-confined phonon polaritons at THz frequencies has so far remained elusive. Here, it is provided by employing scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy combined with a free-electron laser to reveal a range of low-loss polaritonic excitations at frequencies from 8 to 12 THz in the vdW semiconductor α-MoO3 . In this study, THz polaritons are visualized with: i) in-plane hyperbolic dispersion, ii) extreme nanoscale field confinement (below λo ⁄75), and iii) long polariton lifetimes, with a lower limit of >2 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales V A G de Oliveira
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
- Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden, 0 1062, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 0 1328, Germany
| | - Tobias Nörenberg
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
- Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden, 0 1062, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33 006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33 940, Spain
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33 006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33 940, Spain
| | - Maximilian Obst
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
| | - Franz Hempel
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
| | - Eduardo J H Lee
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28 049, Spain
| | - J Michael Klopf
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, 0 1328, Germany
| | - Ion Errea
- Fisika Aplikatua 1 Saila, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20 018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20 018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20 018, Spain
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20 018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Susanne C Kehr
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33 006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33 940, Spain
| | - Lukas M Eng
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 0 1187, Germany
- Dresden-Würzburg Cluster of Excellence-EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Dresden, 0 1062, Germany
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10
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Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Duan J, Ma W, Crowley K, Prieto I, Bylinkin A, Autore M, Volkova H, Kimura K, Kimura T, Berger MH, Li S, Bao Q, Gao XPA, Errea I, Nikitin AY, Hillenbrand R, Martín-Sánchez J, Alonso-González P. Broad spectral tuning of ultra-low-loss polaritons in a van der Waals crystal by intercalation. Nat Mater 2020; 19:964-968. [PMID: 32284598 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phonon polaritons-light coupled to lattice vibrations-in polar van der Waals crystals are promising candidates for controlling the flow of energy on the nanoscale due to their strong field confinement, anisotropic propagation and ultra-long lifetime in the picosecond range1-5. However, the lack of tunability of their narrow and material-specific spectral range-the Reststrahlen band-severely limits their technological implementation. Here, we demonstrate that intercalation of Na atoms in the van der Waals semiconductor α-V2O5 enables a broad spectral shift of Reststrahlen bands, and that the phonon polaritons excited show ultra-low losses (lifetime of 4 ± 1 ps), similar to phonon polaritons in a non-intercalated crystal (lifetime of 6 ± 1 ps). We expect our intercalation method to be applicable to other van der Waals crystals, opening the door for the use of phonon polaritons in broad spectral bands in the mid-infrared domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain
| | - Jiahua Duan
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain
| | - Weiliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kyle Crowley
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Iván Prieto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andrei Bylinkin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marta Autore
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Halyna Volkova
- Centre des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7633-PSL University, MINES ParisTech, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Kenta Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - M-H Berger
- Centre des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7633-PSL University, MINES ParisTech, Evry Cedex, France
| | - Shaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xuan P A Gao
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ion Errea
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- Fisika Aplikatua 1 Saila, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, UPV/EHU, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain.
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain.
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11
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Duan J, Capote-Robayna N, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Prieto I, Martín-Sánchez J, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Twisted Nano-Optics: Manipulating Light at the Nanoscale with Twisted Phonon Polaritonic Slabs. Nano Lett 2020; 20:5323-5329. [PMID: 32530634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries have shown that, when two layers of van der Waals (vdW) materials are superimposed with a relative twist angle between them, the electronic properties of the coupled system can be dramatically altered. Here, we demonstrate that a similar concept can be extended to the optics realm, particularly to propagating phonon polaritons-hybrid light-matter interactions. To do this, we fabricate stacks composed of two twisted slabs of a vdW crystal (α-MoO3) supporting anisotropic phonon polaritons (PhPs), and image the propagation of the latter when launched by localized sources. Our images reveal that, under a critical angle, the PhPs isofrequency curve undergoes a topological transition, in which the propagation of PhPs is strongly guided (canalization regime) along predetermined directions without geometric spreading. These results demonstrate a new degree of freedom (twist angle) for controlling the propagation of polaritons at the nanoscale with potential for nanoimaging, (bio)-sensing, or heat management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | | | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center, Donostia/San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego 33940, Spain
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12
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Álvarez-Pérez G, Folland TG, Errea I, Taboada-Gutiérrez J, Duan J, Martín-Sánchez J, Tresguerres-Mata AIF, Matson JR, Bylinkin A, He M, Ma W, Bao Q, Martín JI, Caldwell JD, Nikitin AY, Alonso-González P. Infrared Permittivity of the Biaxial van der Waals Semiconductor α-MoO 3 from Near- and Far-Field Correlative Studies. Adv Mater 2020; 32:e1908176. [PMID: 32495483 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The biaxial van der Waals semiconductor α-phase molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3 ) has recently received significant attention due to its ability to support highly anisotropic phonon polaritons (PhPs)-infrared (IR) light coupled to lattice vibrations-offering an unprecedented platform for controlling the flow of energy at the nanoscale. However, to fully exploit the extraordinary IR response of this material, an accurate dielectric function is required. Here, the accurate IR dielectric function of α-MoO3 is reported by modeling far-field polarized IR reflectance spectra acquired on a single thick flake of this material. Unique to this work, the far-field model is refined by contrasting the experimental dispersion and damping of PhPs, revealed by polariton interferometry using scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) on thin flakes of α-MoO3 , with analytical and transfer-matrix calculations, as well as full-wave simulations. Through these correlative efforts, exceptional quantitative agreement is attained to both far- and near-field properties for multiple flakes, thus providing strong verification of the accuracy of this model, while offering a novel approach to extracting dielectric functions of nanomaterials. In addition, by employing density functional theory (DFT), insights into the various vibrational states dictating the dielectric function model and the intriguing optical properties of α-MoO3 are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Thomas G Folland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Ion Errea
- Fisika Aplikatua 1 Saila, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Javier Taboada-Gutiérrez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Jiahua Duan
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Sánchez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | | | - Joseph R Matson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Andrei Bylinkin
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia/San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Mingze He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Weiliang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - José Ignacio Martín
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Alexey Y Nikitin
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia/San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
- Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, 33940, Spain
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13
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Wu Y, Ou Q, Yin Y, Li Y, Ma W, Yu W, Liu G, Cui X, Bao X, Duan J, Álvarez-Pérez G, Dai Z, Shabbir B, Medhekar N, Li X, Li CM, Alonso-González P, Bao Q. Chemical switching of low-loss phonon polaritons in α-MoO 3 by hydrogen intercalation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2646. [PMID: 32461577 PMCID: PMC7253429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phonon polaritons (PhPs) have attracted significant interest in the nano-optics communities because of their nanoscale confinement and long lifetimes. Although PhP modification by changing the local dielectric environment has been reported, controlled manipulation of PhPs by direct modification of the polaritonic material itself has remained elusive. Here, chemical switching of PhPs in α-MoO3 is achieved by engineering the α-MoO3 crystal through hydrogen intercalation. The intercalation process is non-volatile and recoverable, allowing reversible switching of PhPs while maintaining the long lifetimes. Precise control of the intercalation parameters enables analysis of the intermediate states, in which the needle-like hydrogenated nanostructures functioning as in-plane antennas effectively reflect and launch PhPs and form well-aligned cavities. We further achieve spatially controlled switching of PhPs in selective regions, leading to in-plane heterostructures with various geometries. The intercalation strategy introduced here opens a relatively non-destructive avenue connecting infrared nanophotonics, reconfigurable flat metasurfaces and van der Waals crystals. Phonon polaritons hold promises for nanophotonic applications but external control of phonon polaritons remains challenging. Here, the authors achieve reversible and non-volatile switching of phonon polariton by modifying crystal structure and lattice vibrations via hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yuefeng Yin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Weiliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Guanyu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- Laboratory of Automobile Materials of MOE, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaozhi Bao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering (IAPME), University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Jiahua Duan
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Álvarez-Pérez
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain
| | - Zhigao Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Babar Shabbir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Nikhil Medhekar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chang-Ming Li
- Institute of Advanced Cross-field Science, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Pablo Alonso-González
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Center of Research on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CINN (CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo), El Entrego, Spain
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
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