1
|
Soendenbroe C, Højfeldt G. Scheduled for surgery? Prescription: exercise! J Physiol 2024; 602:261-262. [PMID: 38146196 DOI: 10.1113/jp285971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Morgan PT, Witard OC, Højfeldt G, Church DD, Breen L. Dietary protein recommendations to support healthy muscle ageing in the 21st century and beyond: considerations and future directions. Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37818636 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123003750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the evolution of dietary protein intake requirements and recommendations, with a focus on skeletal muscle remodelling to support healthy ageing based on presentations at the 2023 Nutrition Society summer conference. In this review, we describe the role of dietary protein for metabolic health and ageing muscle, explain the origins of protein and amino acid (AA) requirements and discuss current recommendations for dietary protein intake, which currently sits at about 0⋅8 g/kg/d. We also critique existing (e.g. nitrogen balance) and contemporary (e.g. indicator AA oxidation) methods to determine protein/AA intake requirements and suggest that existing methods may underestimate requirements, with more contemporary assessments indicating protein recommendations may need to be increased to >1⋅0 g/kg/d. One example of evolution in dietary protein guidance is the transition from protein requirements to recommendations. Hence, we discuss the refinement of protein/AA requirements for skeletal muscle maintenance with advanced age beyond simply the dose (e.g. source, type, quality, timing, pattern, nutrient co-ingestion) and explore the efficacy and sustainability of alternative protein sources beyond animal-based proteins to facilitate skeletal muscle remodelling in older age. We conclude that, whilst a growing body of research has demonstrated that animal-free protein sources can effectively stimulate and support muscle remodelling in a manner that is comparable to animal-based proteins, food systems need to sustainably provide a diversity of both plant and animal source foods, not least for their protein content but other vital nutrients. Finally, we propose some priority research directions for the field of protein nutrition and healthy ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morgan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, 99 Oxford Road, Manchester M1 7EL, UK
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David D Church
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mertz KH, Reitelseder S, Rasmussen MA, Bülow J, Højfeldt G, Jensen M, Hjulmand M, Lindberg J, Kramer MU, Bechshøft R, Holm L. Changes in Muscle Mass and Strength During Follow-Up After One-Year Resistance Training Interventions in Older Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:2064-2070. [PMID: 37463344 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mertz, KH, Reitelseder, S, Rasmussen, MA, Bülow, J, Højfeldt, G, Jensen, M, Hjulmand, M, Lindberg, J, Kramer, MU, Bechshøft, R, and Holm, L. Changes in muscle mass and strength during follow-up after one-year resistance training interventions in older adults. J Strength Cond Res 37(10): 2064-2070, 2023-The aim of this study was to investigate if home-based resistance training compared with center-based resistance training was associated with better preservation of muscle mass and strength in older individuals, 6 months after the interventions ended. One hundred four healthy older individuals (>65 years) who had completed 1 year of either home-based light-intensity training with daily whey protein supplementation (LITW), center-based heavy resistance training with whey protein supplementation (HRTW), or daily whey protein supplementation alone (WHEY) returned for follow-up measurement 6 months after the interventions. Measures of muscle mass, strength, and power were assessed at the end of intervention as well as at follow-up. Furthermore, we compared changes in these parameters between subjects who continued resistance training (≥1 weekly training session) during follow-up (CONT) with those who stopped (STOP). Resistance training continuation during follow-up did not differ between HRTW and LITW (41 vs. 41%, P = 1.0) but was higher for both groups compared with WHEY (18%, P = 0.04-0.05). However, no between-group differences were observed between LITW/HRTW/WHEY in changes in muscle mass, strength, or power during follow-up. STOP was associated with a poorer preservation of quadriceps cross-sectional area compared with CONT (-1.7 cm 2 [-0.4 to -3.0], P = 0.01, effect size: 0.79). No effect of training continuation was observed on changes in muscle strength and power. In conclusion, maintenance of muscle mass and strength is not superior after home-based resistance training compared with center-based training. However, training continuation seems crucial for the maintenance of muscle mass, irrespective of the training intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Mertz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Jacob Bülow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Jensen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hjulmand
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Lindberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde U Kramer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bechshøft
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Højfeldt G, Sorenson T, Gonzales A, Kjaer M, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Fusion of myofibre branches is a physiological feature of healthy human skeletal muscle regeneration. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:13. [PMID: 37573332 PMCID: PMC10422711 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of hyperplasia, through myofibre splitting, remains a widely debated phenomenon. Structural alterations and fibre typing of skeletal muscle fibres, as seen during regeneration and in certain muscle diseases, can be challenging to interpret. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can induce myofibre necrosis followed by changes in spatial and temporal cellular processes. Thirty days following electrical stimulation, remnants of regeneration can be seen in the myofibre and its basement membrane as the presence of small myofibres and encroachment of sarcolemma and basement membrane (suggestive of myofibre branching/splitting). The purpose of this study was to investigate myofibre branching and fibre type in a systematic manner in human skeletal muscle undergoing adult regenerative myogenesis. METHODS Electrical stimulation was used to induce myofibre necrosis to the vastus lateralis muscle of one leg in 5 young healthy males. Muscle tissue samples were collected from the stimulated leg 30 days later and from the control leg for comparison. Biopsies were sectioned and stained for dystrophin and laminin to label the sarcolemma and basement membrane, respectively, as well as ATPase, and antibodies against types I and II myosin, and embryonic and neonatal myosin. Myofibre branches were followed through 22 serial Sects. (264 μm). Single fibres and tissue blocks were examined by confocal and electron microscopy, respectively. RESULTS Regular branching of small myofibre segments was observed (median length 144 μm), most of which were observed to fuse further along the parent fibre. Central nuclei were frequently observed at the point of branching/fusion. The branch commonly presented with a more immature profile (nestin + , neonatal myosin + , disorganised myofilaments) than the parent myofibre, together suggesting fusion of the branch, rather than splitting. Of the 210 regenerating muscle fibres evaluated, 99.5% were type II fibres, indicating preferential damage to type II fibres with our protocol. Furthermore, these fibres demonstrated 7 different stages of "fibre-type" profiles. CONCLUSIONS By studying the regenerating tissue 30 days later with a range of microscopy techniques, we find that so-called myofibre branching or splitting is more likely to be fusion of myotubes and is therefore explained by incomplete regeneration after a necrosis-inducing event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grith Højfeldt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Trent Sorenson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Alana Gonzales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Belgdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Belgdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Belgdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cramer A, Højfeldt G, Schjerling P, Agergaard J, van Hall G, Olsen J, Hölmich P, Kjaer M, Barfod KW. Achilles Tendon Tissue Turnover Before and Immediately After an Acute Rupture. Am J Sports Med 2023; 51:2396-2403. [PMID: 37313851 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231177890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) is a frequent injury and results in the activation of tendon cells and collagen expression, but it is unknown to what extent turnover of the tendon matrix is altered before or after a rupture. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to characterize tendon tissue turnover before and immediately after an acute rupture in patients. It was hypothesized that a rupture would result in pronounced collagen synthesis in the early phase (first 2 weeks) after the injury. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS The study included patients (N = 18) eligible for surgery after an ATR. At the time of inclusion, the patients ingested deuterium oxide (2H2O) orally, and on the day of surgery (within 14 days of the injury), they received a 3-hour flood-primed infusion of an 15N-proline tracer. During surgery, the patients had 1 biopsy specimen taken from the ruptured part of the Achilles tendon and 1 that was 3 to 5 cm proximal to the rupture as a control. The biopsy specimens were analyzed for carbon-14 (14C) levels in the tissue to calculate long-term turnover (years), incorporation of 2H-alanine (from 2H2O) into the tissue to calculate the fractional synthesis rate (FSR) of proteins in the short term (days), and incorporation of 15N-proline into the tissue to calculate the acute FSR (hours). RESULTS Both the rupture and the control samples showed consistently lower levels of 14C compared with the predicted level of 14C in a healthy tendon, which indicated increased tendon turnover in a fraction (48% newly synthesized) of the Achilles tendon already for a prolonged period before the rupture. Over the first days after the rupture, the synthesis rate for collagen was relatively constant, and the average synthesis rate on the day of surgery (2-14 days after the rupture) was 0.025% per hour, irrespective of the length of time after a rupture and the site of sampling (rupture vs control). No differences were found in the FSR between the rupture and control samples in the days after the rupture. CONCLUSION Higher than normal tissue turnover in the Achilles tendon before a rupture indicated that changes in the tendon tissue preceded the injury. In addition, we observed no increase in tendon collagen tissue turnover in the first 2 weeks after an ATR. This favors the view that an increase in the formation of new tendon collagen is not an immediate phenomenon during the regeneration of ruptured tendons in patients. REGISTRATION NCT03931486 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan Cramer
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Agergaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Olsen
- Aarhus AMS Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Hölmich
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod
- Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Højfeldt G, Bülow J, Agergaard J, Simonsen LR, Bülow J, Schjerling P, van Hall G, Holm L. Postprandial muscle protein synthesis rate is unaffected by 20-day habituation to a high protein intake: a randomized controlled, crossover trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4307-4319. [PMID: 34032900 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During the last decade more researchers have argued in favor of an increased protein intake for older adults. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the long-term effects of conforming to such a high protein intake with regards to the basal and postprandial muscle protein turnover. The purpose of this study was to compare the postprandial synthesis response in muscle proteins, and the abundance of directly incorporated food-derived amino acids following habituation to high vs. recommended level of protein intake. METHODS In a double blinded crossover intervention 11 older male participants (66.6 ± 1.7 years of age) were habituated for 20 days to a recommended protein (RP) intake (1.1 g protein/kg lean body mass (LBM)/day) and a high protein (HP) intake (> 2.1 g protein/kg LBM/day). Following each habituation period, intrinsically labelled proteins were ingested as part of a mixed meal to determine the incorporation of meal protein-derived amino acids into myofibrillar proteins. Furthermore, the myofibrillar fractional synthesis rate (FSR) and amino acid kinetics across the leg were determined using gold standard stable isotope tracer methodologies. RT qPCR was used to assess the expression of markers related to muscle proteinsynthesis and breakdown. RESULTS No impact of habituation was observed on skeletal muscle amino acid or protein kinetics. However, the shunting of amino acids directly from artery to vein was on average 2.9 [Formula: see text]mol/min higher following habituation to HP compared to RP. CONCLUSIONS In older males, habituation to a higher than the currently recommended protein intake did not demonstrate any adaptions in the muscle protein turnover or markers hereof when subjected to an intake of an identical mixed meal. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY Journal number NCT02587156, Clinicaltrials.org. Date of registration: October 27th, 2015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grith Højfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jacob Bülow
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Agergaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene R Simonsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Bülow
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mertz KH, Reitelseder S, Bechshoeft R, Bulow J, Højfeldt G, Jensen M, Schacht SR, Lind MV, Rasmussen MA, Mikkelsen UR, Tetens I, Engelsen SB, Nielsen DS, Jespersen AP, Holm L. The effect of daily protein supplementation, with or without resistance training for 1 year, on muscle size, strength, and function in healthy older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:790-800. [PMID: 33564844 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein supplementation alone or combined with resistance training has been proposed to be effective in counteracting age-related losses of muscle mass and strength. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of protein supplementation alone or combined with light-intensity or heavy-load resistance exercise on muscle size, strength, and function in older adults. METHODS In a 1-y randomized controlled trial, 208 healthy older adults (>65 y) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 interventions: 1) carbohydrate supplementation (CARB); 2) collagen protein supplementation (COLL); 3) whey protein supplementation (WHEY); 4) light-intensity resistance training 3-5 times/wk with whey protein supplementation (LITW); and 5) heavy resistance training 3 times weekly with whey protein supplementation (HRTW). Protein supplements contained 20 g protein + 10 g carbohydrate, whereas CARB contained 30 g of carbohydrates. All intervention groups received the supplement twice daily. The primary outcome was change in the quadriceps cross-sectional area (qCSA). Secondary outcomes included measures of lower extremity strength and power, functional capabilities, and body composition. RESULTS There were 184 participants who completed the study. COLL and WHEY did not affect any measured parameter compared to CARB. Compared to WHEY, HRTW improved the qCSA size (between-group difference, +1.68 cm2; 95% CI, +0.41 to +2.95 cm2; P = 0.03), as well as dynamic (+18.4 Nm; 95% CI, +10.1 to +26.6 Nm; P < 10-4) and isometric knee extensor strength (+23.9 Nm; 95% CI, +14.2 to +33.6 Nm; P < 10-5). LITW did not improve the qCSA size, but increased dynamic knee extensor strength compared to WHEY (+13.7 Nm; 95% CI, +5.3 and +22.1 Nm; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Recommending protein supplementation as a stand-alone intervention for healthy older individuals seems ineffective in improving muscle mass and strength. Only HRTW was effective in both preserving muscle mass and increasing strength. Thus, we recommend that future studies investigate strategies to increase long-term compliance to heavy resistance exercise in healthy older adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02034760.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Mertz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bechshoeft
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bulow
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Jensen
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon R Schacht
- Vitality Centre for Good Older Lives, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Vitality Centre for Good Older Lives, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten A Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Inge Tetens
- Vitality Centre for Good Older Lives, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren B Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis S Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astrid P Jespersen
- Copenhagen Center for Health Research in the Humanities, Saxo-Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Højfeldt G, Bülow J, Agergaard J, Asmar A, Schjerling P, Simonsen L, Bülow J, van Hall G, Holm L. Impact of habituated dietary protein intake on fasting and postprandial whole-body protein turnover and splanchnic amino acid metabolism in elderly men: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1468-1484. [PMID: 32710741 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy of protein absorption and subsequent amino acid utilization may be reduced in the elderly. Higher protein intakes have been suggested to counteract this. OBJECTIVES We aimed to elucidate how habituated amounts of protein intake affect the fasted state of, and the stimulatory effect of a protein-rich meal on, protein absorption, whole-body protein turnover, and splanchnic amino acid metabolism. METHODS Twelve men (65-70 y) were included in a double-blinded crossover intervention study, consisting of a 20-d habituation period to a protein intake at the RDA or a high amount [1.1 g · kg lean body mass (LBM)-1 · d-1 or >2.1 g · kg LBM-1 · d-1, respectively], each followed by an experimental trial with a primed, constant infusion of D8-phenylalanine and D2-tyrosine. Arterial and hepatic venous blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast and repeatedly 4 h after a standardized meal including intrinsically labeled whey protein concentrate and calcium-caseinate proteins. Blood was analyzed for amino acid concentrations and phenylalanine and tyrosine tracer enrichments from which whole-body and splanchnic amino acid and protein kinetics were calculated. RESULTS High (compared with the recommended amount of) protein intake resulted in a higher fasting whole-body protein turnover with a resultant mean ± SEM 0.03 ± 0.01 μmol · kg LBM-1 · min-1 lower net balance (P < 0.05), which was not rescued by the intake of a protein-dense meal. The mean ± SEM plasma protein fractional synthesis rate was 0.13 ± 0.06%/h lower (P < 0.05) after habituation to high protein. Furthermore, higher fasting and postprandial amino acid removal were observed after habituation to high protein, yielding higher urea excretion and increased phenylalanine oxidation rates (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Three weeks of habituation to high protein intake (>2.1 g protein · kg LBM-1 · d-1) led to a significantly higher net protein loss in the fasted state. This was not compensated for in the 4-h postprandial period after intake of a meal high in protein.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02587156.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grith Højfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bülow
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Agergaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Asmar
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Simonsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Bülow
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M81, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reitelseder S, Tranberg B, Agergaard J, Dideriksen K, Højfeldt G, Merry ME, Storm AC, Poulsen KR, Hansen ET, van Hall G, Lund P, Holm L. Phenylalanine stable isotope tracer labeling of cow milk and meat and human experimental applications to study dietary protein-derived amino acid availability. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3652-3662. [PMID: 32334880 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Availability of dietary protein-derived amino acids (AA) is an important determinant for their utilization in metabolism and for protein synthesis. Intrinsic labeling of protein is the only method to directly trace availability and utilization. The purpose of the present study was to produce labeled milk and meat proteins and investigate how dietary protein-derived AA availability is affected by the protein-meal matrix. METHODS Four lactating cows were infused with L-[ring-d5]phenylalanine and one with L-[15N]phenylalanine for 72 h. Milk was collected, and three of the [d5]phenylalanine cows were subsequently slaughtered. Two human studies were performed to explore plasma AA availability properties utilizing the labeled proteins. One study compared the intake of whey protein either alone or together with carbohydrates-fat food-matrix. The other study compared the intake of meat hydrolysate with minced beef. Cow blood, milk, meat and human blood samples were collected and analyzed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Whey and caseinate acquired label to 15-20 mol percent excess (MPE), and the meat proteins reached 0.41-0.73 MPE. The [d5]phenylalanine appeared fast in plasma and peaked 30 min after whey protein alone and meat hydrolysate intake, whereas whey protein with a food-matrix and the meat minced beef postponed the [d5]phenylalanine peak until 2 and 1 h, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Phenylalanine stable isotope-labeled milk and meat were produced and proved a valuable tool to investigate AA absorption characteristics. Dietary protein in food-matrices showed delayed postprandial plasma AA availability as compared to whey protein alone and meat hydrolysate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Britt Tranberg
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Agergaard
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Dideriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Marie Emily Merry
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adam C Storm
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Metabolomics Core Facility, Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet.
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Castro‐Mejía JL, Khakimov B, Krych Ł, Bülow J, Bechshøft RL, Højfeldt G, Mertz KH, Garne ES, Schacht SR, Ahmad HF, Kot W, Hansen LH, Perez‐Cueto FJA, Lind MV, Lassen AJ, Tetens I, Jensen T, Reitelseder S, Jespersen AP, Holm L, Engelsen SB, Nielsen DS. Physical fitness in community-dwelling older adults is linked to dietary intake, gut microbiota, and metabolomic signatures. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13105. [PMID: 31967716 PMCID: PMC7059135 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When humans age, changes in body composition arise along with lifestyle-associated disorders influencing fitness and physical decline. Here we provide a comprehensive view of dietary intake, physical activity, gut microbiota (GM), and host metabolome in relation to physical fitness of 207 community-dwelling subjects aged +65 years. Stratification on anthropometric/body composition/physical performance measurements (ABPm) variables identified two phenotypes (high/low-fitness) clearly linked to dietary intake, physical activity, GM, and host metabolome patterns. Strikingly, despite a higher energy intake high-fitness subjects were characterized by leaner bodies and lower fasting proinsulin-C-peptide/blood glucose levels in a mechanism likely driven by higher dietary fiber intake, physical activity and increased abundance of Bifidobacteriales and Clostridiales species in GM and associated metabolites (i.e., enterolactone). These factors explained 50.1% of the individual variation in physical fitness. We propose that targeting dietary strategies for modulation of GM and host metabolome interactions may allow establishing therapeutic approaches to delay and possibly revert comorbidities of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Łukasz Krych
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Jacob Bülow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagen NVDenmark
| | - Rasmus L. Bechshøft
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagen NVDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagen NVDenmark
| | - Kenneth H. Mertz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagen NVDenmark
| | - Eva Stahl Garne
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Simon R. Schacht
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Hajar F. Ahmad
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Faculty of Industrial Science and TechnologyIndustrial Biotechnology ProgramUniversiti Malaysia PahangPahangMalaysia
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Lars H. Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | | | - Mads V. Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Aske J. Lassen
- Copenhagen Center for Health Research in the HumanitiesThe SAXO InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen SVDenmark
| | - Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Tenna Jensen
- Copenhagen Center for Health Research in the HumanitiesThe SAXO InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen SVDenmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagen NVDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
| | - Astrid P. Jespersen
- Copenhagen Center for Health Research in the HumanitiesThe SAXO InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen SVDenmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagen NVDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen NDenmark
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Søren B. Engelsen
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Dennis S. Nielsen
- Department of Food ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Schacht SR, Lind MV, Mertz KH, Bülow J, Bechshøft R, Højfeldt G, Schucany A, Hjulmand M, Sidoli C, Andersen SB, Jensen M, Reitelseder S, Holm L, Tetens I. Development of a Mobility Diet Score (MDS) and Associations With Bone Mineral Density and Muscle Function in Older Adults. Front Nutr 2019; 6:114. [PMID: 31552255 PMCID: PMC6738326 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle function is associated with increased risk of multiple health related issues. Diet may play a role in sustaining BMD and muscle function throughout old age, but much is still to be learned with regards to which specific food groups and dietary patterns that are important for such outcomes. The aim of the current study was to identify food groups important for both BMD and muscle function. Methods: A narrative review was performed on studies published on dietary patterns and their association with BMD and muscle function, respectively. Based on these findings, two dietary indices were constructed characterizing food groups associated with BMD and muscle function, respectively. Associations between adherence to these indices and BMD and muscle function were then investigated in a population of older community-dwelling Danes. Food groups found to be associated with both BMD and muscle function in our study population were suggested for inclusion into a common dietary index named the Mobility Diet Score. Results: In contrast to previous studies, adherence to a dietary index based on foods previously linked to BMD could not be established as important for BMD in our study population of 184 older individuals (53.3% men). We found that adhering to a dietary index characterized by higher intakes of whole grains, dairy products, fish, legumes, nuts, fruit, and vegetables is associated with faster 400 m walking speeds and an increased number of chair stands measured over a 30 s time period. Since no food group could be established as important for both BMD and muscle function in our study population, a Mobility Diet Score could not be established. However, based on our narrative review, the food groups commonly associated with improved BMD and muscle function are similar. Conclusion: Adherence to a dietary index characterized by high intakes of whole grains, dairy products, fish, legumes, nuts, fruit, and vegetables was not found to be associated with BMD in a group of community-dwelling older Danes. However, our results indicate that the adherence to such foods could be important in sustaining physical function in older individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Rønnow Schacht
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Vitality - Centre for Good Older Lives, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Vendelbo Lind
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Vitality - Centre for Good Older Lives, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Hudlebusch Mertz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bülow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Bechshøft
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aide Schucany
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Hjulmand
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chiara Sidoli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Søren Binder Andersen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Jensen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Holm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Inge Tetens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Vitality - Centre for Good Older Lives, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Holm L, Dideriksen K, Nielsen RH, Doessing S, Bechshoeft RL, Højfeldt G, Moberg M, Blomstrand E, Reitelseder S, van Hall G. An exploration of the methods to determine the protein-specific synthesis and breakdown rates in vivo in humans. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14143. [PMID: 31496135 PMCID: PMC6732504 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the methods to determine human in vivo protein-specific myofibrillar and collagenous connective tissue protein fractional synthesis and breakdown rates. We found that in human myofibrillar proteins, the protein-bound tracer disappearance method to determine the protein fractional breakdown rate (FBR) (via 2 H2 O ingestion, endogenous labeling of 2 H-alanine that is incorporated into proteins, and FBR quantified by its disappearance from these proteins) has a comparable intrasubject reproducibility (range: 0.09-53.5%) as the established direct-essential amino acid, here L-ring-13 C6 -phenylalanine, incorporation method to determine the muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) (range: 2.8-56.2%). Further, the determination of the protein breakdown in a protein structure with complex post-translational processing and maturation, exemplified by human tendon tissue, was not achieved in this experimentation, but more investigation is encouraged to reveal the possibility. Finally, we found that muscle protein FBR measured with an essential amino acid tracer prelabeling is inappropriate presumably because of significant and prolonged intracellular recycling, which also may become a significant limitation for determination of the myofibrillar FSR when repeated infusion trials are completed in the same participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Kasper Dideriksen
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rie H. Nielsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Simon Doessing
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rasmus L. Bechshoeft
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Marcus Moberg
- Aastrand LaboratorySwedish School of Sport and Health SciencesStockholmSweden
| | - Eva Blomstrand
- Aastrand LaboratorySwedish School of Sport and Health SciencesStockholmSweden
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Department of Orthopedic Surgery MBispebjerg HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Gerrit van Hall
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Clinical Metabolomics Core FacilityDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Højfeldt G, Bülow J, Rørdam L, Schjerling P, Bülow J, van Hall G, Holm L. Does Habituation To High Protein Intake Affect Amino Acid Handling? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538758.42691.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
14
|
Agergaard J, Zillmer MCF, Mertz K, Højfeldt G, Schjerling P, Holm L. Effect Of An Unhealthy Lipoprotein Distribution On Muscle Protein Synthesis Response To Whey Protein Feeding. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538759.80808.a8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Bechshøft RL, Reitelseder S, Højfeldt G, Castro-Mejía JL, Khakimov B, Ahmad HFB, Kjær M, Engelsen SB, Johansen SMB, Rasmussen MA, Lassen AJ, Jensen T, Beyer N, Serena A, Perez-Cueto FJA, Nielsen DS, Jespersen AP, Holm L. Counteracting Age-related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass: a clinical and ethnological trial on the role of protein supplementation and training load (CALM Intervention Study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:397. [PMID: 27507236 PMCID: PMC4977774 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging is associated with decreased muscle mass and functional capacity, which in turn decrease quality of life. The number of citizens over the age of 65 years in the Western world will increase by 50 % over the next four decades, and this demographic shift brings forth new challenges at both societal and individual levels. Only a few longitudinal studies have been reported, but whey protein supplementation seems to improve muscle mass and function, and its combination with heavy strength training appears even more effective. However, heavy resistance training may reduce adherence to training, thereby attenuating the overall benefits of training. We hypothesize that light load resistance training is more efficient when both adherence and physical improvement are considered longitudinally. We launched the interdisciplinary project on Counteracting Age-related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass (CALM) to investigate the impact of lifestyle changes on physical and functional outcomes as well as everyday practices and habits in a qualitative context. Methods We will randomize 205 participants older than 65 years to be given 1 year of two daily nutrient supplements with 10 g of sucrose and 20 g of either collagen protein, carbohydrates, or whey. Further, two groups will perform either heavy progressive resistance training or light load training on top of the whey supplement. Discussion The primary outcome of the CALM Intervention Study is the change in thigh cross-sectional area. Moreover, we will evaluate changes in physical performance, muscle fiber type and acute anabolic response to whey protein ingestion, sensory adaptation, gut microbiome, and a range of other measures, combined with questionnaires on life quality and qualitative interviews with selected subjects. The CALM Intervention Study will generate scientific evidence and recommendations to counteract age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass in elderly individuals. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02034760. Registered on 10 January 2014. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02115698. Registered on 14 April 2014. Danish regional committee of the Capital Region H-4-2013-070. Registered on 4 July 2013. Danish Data Protection Agency 2012-58-0004 – BBH-2015-001 I-Suite 03432. Registered on 9 January 2015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Leidesdorff Bechshøft
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Reitelseder
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Grith Højfeldt
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | | | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hajar Fauzan Bin Ahmad
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjær
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
| | - Søren Balling Engelsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aske Juul Lassen
- SAXO Institute, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tenna Jensen
- SAXO Institute, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Beyer
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Unit, Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Serena
- Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark
| | | | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Holm
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|