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Goll A, Dutra L, Nowicka J, Sgarabotto E, Venkat V, Apoznański G, Kokurewicz T, Rachwald A, Rabalski L, Alburkat H, Virtanen J, Sironen T, Kant R, Bourret V, Grzybek M. Hibernating vesper bats are a weak source for biomonitoring of coronaviruses. One Health 2024; 18:100733. [PMID: 38694618 PMCID: PMC11061333 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Our study explores the role of bats as reservoirs of coronaviruses. Methods We conducted virological screening of bats hibernating in military bunkers at the Natura 2000 site "Nietoperek" in Western Poland collecting oral and anal swab samples from 138 bats across six species to apply a combination of pan-coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 specific PCR assays. Results Only one anal swab tested positive for coronavirus. No SARS-CoV-2 was detected in any of the samples. The low prevalence of coronavirus in the studied colony contrasts with higher rates found in other regions and may be influenced by hibernation. Conclusions Hibernating bats may show a low prevalence of coronavirus, potentially due to the hibernation process itself. This finding indicates that hibernating bats may not be the most optimal subjects for screening zoonotic pathogens. However, biomonitoring of bats for emerging and reemerging diseases is recommended for comprehensive epidemiological insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Goll
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Lara Dutra
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Haartmaniaku 3, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joanna Nowicka
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Elena Sgarabotto
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Haartmaniaku 3, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vinaya Venkat
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Haartmaniaku 3, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Grzegorz Apoznański
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska Street 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kokurewicz
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska Street 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alek Rachwald
- Forest Ecology Department, Forest Research Institute, Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
| | | | - Hussein Alburkat
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Haartmaniaku 3, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Virtanen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Haartmaniaku 3, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Haartmaniaku 3, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Haartmaniaku 3, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Bourret
- Department of Virology, Helsinki University, Haartmaniaku 3, Helsinki, Finland
- INRAE-Université de Toulouse UR 0035 CEFS, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Maciej Grzybek
- Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
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Apoznański G, Tuff F, Carr A, Rachwald A, Marszałek E, Marszałek T, Błesznowska J, Kokurewicz T. Absence of lunar phobia in European swarming vespertilionid bats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2675. [PMID: 38302685 PMCID: PMC10834490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
"Lunar phobia" in bats has been widely discussed since its description in tropical bats in 1978. The phenomenon has been frequently contested and supported and was first reported in European bats in 2020. Our study seeks to clarify the debate by describing the relationship between the activity of selected swarming vespertilionid bats (Family: Vespertilionidae) and moonlight levels. To verify a potential connection to the latter, a swarming dataset was analysed in respect of estimated moonlight illumination. Moonlight estimates were based on geographical location and several lunar parameters, to accurately characterise the non-linear relationship between moon phase and illumination (lux). The swarming data consisted of 32 netting and 14 echolocation recording sessions collected between August and October 2014 and 2015. Our data included 3,265 netted bats from 13 species and 15,919 bat calls from 10 confirmed species. Data was collected at the large Central European hibernation/swarming site - Natura 2000 PLH080003 "Nietoperek" in western Poland (N 52.394400, E 15.480600). Generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) determined insignificant relationships between bats and moonlight illumination. Our analysis confirms an absence of impact of moonlight intensity on swarming bats and thereby rejects the lunar phobia phenomena in at least six insectivorous bat species (Myotis myotis, M. daubentonii, M. nattereri, M. bechsteinii, Barbastella barbastellus, Plecotus auritus) swarming in the autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Apoznański
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Andrew Carr
- Forest Ecology Department, Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Alek Rachwald
- Forest Ecology Department, Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Marszałek
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Marszałek
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Błesznowska
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kokurewicz
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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Apoznański G, Carr A, Gelang M, Kokurewicz T, Rachwald A. Trophic relationship between Salix flowers, Orthosia moths and the western barbastelle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7364. [PMID: 37147396 PMCID: PMC10163055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the results of a study which describes the relationship between the western barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus a highly specialised moth predator, and its prey-moths of the genus Orthosia, another selective animal known to converge around a dominant producer of pollen and nectar in early spring-willow trees Salix sp. In order to describe this trophic relationship, we conducted acoustic recordings at five paired sites (willow/control tree) in proximity to known barbastelle hibernation sites (Natura 2000: PLH080003 and PLH200014) beginning in mid-March 2022 after the first willow blossom sighting. Our study confirms a relationship between willow trees and barbastelles during early spring, as their activity around them was significantly higher than control sites. We also explore the activity of barbastelles over time, finding that activity levels around willows significantly decrease from the night of the first recorded bat, while the abundance of non-moth specialist bats remains consistent. Short-time importance (directly after hibernation) of willows for a moth specialist bat is probably due to other species blossom, attracting alternative prey, and in consequence-the bat. This newly described relationship should influence current conservation measures aimed at barbastelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Apoznański
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Andrew Carr
- Forest Ecology Department, Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Magnus Gelang
- Gothenburg Natural History Museum, Göteborg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Kokurewicz
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alek Rachwald
- Forest Ecology Department, Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland.
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Torrent L, Apoznański G, Kokurewicz T, Mitrus C, De Maegdt M, Juste J. First record of polydactyly for a European bat, Myotis daubentonii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae). MAMMALIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Despite being one of the most common congenital hand abnormalities in humans, polydactyly remains extremely rare in bats. To date, it has been observed only in two insectivorous families in North America (Molossidae and Vespertilionidae) and a single case for the New World fruit bats (Phyllostomidae). We report the first case of polydactyly in a European bat – a Myotis daubentonii (Vespertilionidae), with eight toes. The bat was found alive, hibernating in the Natura 2000 site (PLH080003 “Nietoperek”) in Poland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Torrent
- Natural Sciences Museum of Granollers , Francesc Macià 51 , Granollers , 08401 , Spain
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources , University of Porto , Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 , Vairão , Portugal
| | - Grzegorz Apoznański
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology , Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Chełmońskiego 38c , 51-631 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Tomasz Kokurewicz
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology , Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Chełmońskiego 38c , 51-631 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Cezary Mitrus
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology , Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences , Chełmońskiego 38c , 51-631 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Maya De Maegdt
- Biodiversity, Conservation and Restoration , University of Antwerp , Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1 , 2610 Antwerpen , Belgium
| | - Javier Juste
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, C.S.I.C. , Avda. Américo Vespucio 26 , 41092 Sevilla , Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, CIBERESP , 28220 , Madrid , Spain
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Apoznański G, Kokurewicz TS, Petterson S, Sánchez-Navarro S, Górska M, Rydell J. Barbastelles in a Production Landscape: Where Do They Roost? Acta Chiropterologica 2021. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.1.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Apoznański
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz S. Kokurewicz
- Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Chełmońskiego 38C, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | - Monika Górska
- ZOO Wrocław, Wróblewskiego 1-5, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jens Rydell
- Biology Department, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Seidlova V, Zukal J, Brichta J, Anisimov N, Apoznański G, Bandouchova H, Bartonička T, Berková H, Botvinkin AD, Heger T, Dundarova H, Kokurewicz T, Linhart P, Orlov OL, Piacek V, Presetnik P, Shumkina AP, Tiunov MP, Treml F, Pikula J. Active surveillance for antibodies confirms circulation of lyssaviruses in Palearctic bats. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:482. [PMID: 33302915 PMCID: PMC7731468 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palearctic bats host a diversity of lyssaviruses, though not the classical rabies virus (RABV). As surveillance for bat rabies over the Palearctic area covering Central and Eastern Europe and Siberian regions of Russia has been irregular, we lack data on geographic and seasonal patterns of the infection. RESULTS To address this, we undertook serological testing, using non-lethally sampled blood, on 1027 bats of 25 species in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Russia and Slovenia between 2014 and 2018. The indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected rabies virus anti-glycoprotein antibodies in 33 bats, giving an overall seroprevalence of 3.2%. Bat species exceeding the seroconversion threshold included Myotis blythii, Myotis gracilis, Myotis petax, Myotis myotis, Murina hilgendorfi, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Vespertilio murinus. While Myotis species (84.8%) and adult females (48.5%) dominated in seropositive bats, juveniles of both sexes showed no difference in seroprevalence. Higher numbers tested positive when sampled during the active season (10.5%), as compared with the hibernation period (0.9%). Bat rabies seroprevalence was significantly higher in natural habitats (4.0%) compared with synanthropic roosts (1.2%). Importantly, in 2018, we recorded 73.1% seroprevalence in a cave containing a M. blythii maternity colony in the Altai Krai of Russia. CONCLUSIONS Identification of such "hotspots" of non-RABV lyssavirus circulation not only provides important information for public health protection, it can also guide research activities aimed at more in-depth bat rabies studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Seidlova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Zukal
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Brichta
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolay Anisimov
- Land Use and Biodiversity, International Complex Research Laboratory for Study of Climate Change, Tyumen State University, Volodarckogo 6, 625003, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Grzegorz Apoznański
- Institute of Biology, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Palaeontology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hana Bandouchova
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Bartonička
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Berková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander D Botvinkin
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Krasnogo Vosstania street 1, 664003, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tomas Heger
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heliana Dundarova
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Environment Risk Assessment and Conservation Biology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Tsar Osvoboditel 1, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tomasz Kokurewicz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Palaeontology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Petr Linhart
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg L Orlov
- Land Use and Biodiversity, International Complex Research Laboratory for Study of Climate Change, Tyumen State University, Volodarckogo 6, 625003, Tyumen, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, Ural State Medical University, Repina 3, 620014, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Piacek
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Primož Presetnik
- Centre for Cartography of Fauna and Flora, Antoličičeva 1, SI-2204 , Miklavž na Dravskem polju, Slovenia
| | - Alexandra P Shumkina
- Western Baikal protected areas, Federal State Budgetary Institution "Zapovednoe Pribaikalye", Baikalskaya st. 291B, 664050, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Tiunov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr- t 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Frantisek Treml
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pikula
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Ogórek R, Kurczaba K, Cal M, Apoznański G, Kokurewicz T. A Culture-Based ID of Micromycetes on the Wing Membranes of Greater Mouse-Eared Bats ( Myotis myotis) from the "Nietoperek" Site (Poland). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1337. [PMID: 32756314 PMCID: PMC7460332 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats play important functions in ecosystems and many of them are threatened with extinction. Thus, the monitoring of the health status and prevention of diseases seem to be important aspects of welfare and conservation of these mammals. The main goal of the study was the identification of culturable fungal species colonizing the wing membranes of female greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) during spring emergence from the "Nietoperek" underground hibernation site by the use of genetic and phenotypic analyses. The study site is situated in Western Poland (52°25' N, 15°32' E) and is ranked within the top 10 largest hibernation sites in the European Union. The number of hibernating bats in the winter exceeds 39,000 individuals of 12 species, with M. myotis being the most common one. The wing membranes of M. myotis were sampled using sterile swabs wetted in physiological saline (0.85% NaCl). Potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates were incubated in the dark at 8, 24 and 36 ± 1 °C for 3 up to 42 days. All fungi isolated from the surface of wing membranes were assigned to 17 distinct fungal isolates belonging to 17 fungal species. Penicillium chrysogenum was the most frequently isolated species. Some of these fungal species might have a pathogenic potential for bats and other mammals. However, taking into account habitat preferences and the life cycle of bats, it can be assumed that some fungi were accidentally obtained from the surface of vegetation during early spring activity. Moreover, Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd)-the causative agent of the White Nose Syndrome (WNS)-was not found during testing, despite it was found very often in M. myotis during previous studies in this same location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ogórek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Klaudia Kurczaba
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Cal
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.K.); (M.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Apoznański
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska Street 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland; (G.A.); (T.K.)
| | - Tomasz Kokurewicz
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska Street 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland; (G.A.); (T.K.)
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Kirkpatrick L, Apoznański G, De Bruyn L, Gyselings R, Kokurewicz T. Bee Markers: A Novel Method for Non-Invasive Short Term Marking of Bats. Acta Chiropterologica 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2019.21.2.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Kirkpatrick
- EVECO, Department of Biology, Universiteit Antwerpen, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, 2610, Belgium
| | - Grzegorz Apoznański
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Luc De Bruyn
- Species Diversity, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 Bus 73, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ralf Gyselings
- Species Diversity, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 Bus 73, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tomasz Kokurewicz
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 5b, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland
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